DOCSLIB.ORG

Download 867.92 KB

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download 867.92 KB Environmental and Social Management System Arrangement Project Number: 51192-001 October 2019 Proposed Multitranche Financing Facility People’s Republic of China: Inner Mongolia Regional Cooperation and Integration Promotion Investment Program Prepared by Hohhot Branch of China Minsheng Bank Co., Ltd and Bank of Inner Mongolia for the Asian Development Bank. This environmental and social management system arrangement is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ii iii iv CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 02 September 2019) Currency unit – yuan (CNY) €1.00 = CNY 7.8664 $1.00 = CNY 7.1567 NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars and "€" refers to Euro ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AP – Affected Person BOIM – Bank of Inner Mongolia CAP – Corrective action plan CAREC – Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation ESMS – Environmental and social management system FIL – Financial intermediation loan FIs – Financial intermediaries GRM – Grievance redress mechanism HCMBC – Hohhot Branch of China Minsheng Bank Co., Ltd IMAR – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region IMARG – Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region IPMO – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region project management office PIAL – Prohibited investment activities list PICs – Project implementation consultants PRC – People’s Republic of China SME – Small and medium-sized enterprise SPS – Safeguards Policy Statement v I. PROJECT BACKGROUND 1. The proposed Multitranche Financing Facility (the MFF) for Inner Mongolia Regional Cooperation and Integration Promotion Investment Program (Investment Program) will help the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to implement its strategies and plans for regional cooperation and integration (RCI) with Mongolia with a focus on developing border crossing points (BCP) and border areas including a key node of Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) transport corridor 4. The Investment Program is expected to have significant RCI spillover effects, benefiting Mongolia, and promote regional public goods (RPGs). The geographical areas to be covered by the Investment Program include: (i) Erenhot Municipality; (ii) Darhan Muminggan United Banner (Damaoqi County) and Qingshan District in Baotou Municipality, (iii) Arxan City in Xing’an League (Xing’an Municipality); (iv) Alxa Left Banner (Azuoqi County) in Alxa League (Alxa Municipality); (v) Bayannur Municipality; and (vi) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)1 located in IMAR through financial intermediaries (FIs). The first tranche loan for SME financing will be provided through financial intermediation loan (FIL) in in an amount up to €18.20 million (equivalent to $20.00 million). 2. The proposed FIs will (i) provide credit to SMEs2 in cross border business in IMAR using the FIL modality; (ii) strengthen IMAR’s business development services system for SMEs including business networking and outreach support, market and technology information, and financial and human resources management; (iii) support IMAR’s pilot project of providing well- designed business support program for female entrepreneurs and women-led SMEs. The proposed SME financing will use the FIL modality, which is best suited to (i) extend reach across multiple sectors and a wide range of enterprises and locations; (ii) aggregate a number of investments in SMEs with a short payback period (1–3 years); (iii) work in close partnerships with commercial banks and government to enhance their understanding of the principals and practice of environmental and social impact assessment when evaluating a project; and (iv) recycle loan proceeds multiple times to leverage impacts of the FIL. II. DUE DILIGENCE OF FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES A. Hohhot Branch of China Minsheng Bank Co., Ltd 3. China Minsheng Banking Co., Ltd (CMBC) was established in January 1996 and is the first national-level joint-stock commercial bank initiated and founded mainly by non-state-owned enterprises. It is also a modern financial enterprise established in strict accordance with the Company Law and the Commercial Bank Law of the PRC. Hohhot Branch of CMBC (HCMBC) was established in November 2011 and it will act one of the FIs to implement the FIL component under the Tranche 1. The main businesses of HCMBC includes corporate banking, retail banking, including small business finance, and other businesses that approved by the People’s Bank of China. The general loan process flow of HCMBC is as follows: (i) receiving loan application; (ii) project information collection and site visit; (iii) loan assessment and due diligence (including financial, environmental and social); (iv) risk assessment; (v) loan approval; and (vi) post-lending management. Lending to SMEs is one of the major businesses in HCMBC and has provided many 1 The classification of SMEs is defined in Statistical Methods on Classification of Micro-, Small-, Medium-, and Large- Sized Enterprises, which was enclosed by National Bureau of Statistics, PRC on 28 December 2017. 2 SME eligibility criteria: SMEs should be legally registered; should have sustainable business models, and sound business strategy and corporate governance; and average SME subloan size is not to exceed CNY10 million and the maximum is not to exceed CNY20 million. Priority will be given to those SMEs that are engaged in cross-border trade and logistics, agribusiness, manufacturing, and cross-border tourism. 1 benefits to such enterprises such as loan approval process improvement, reduction of financing cost, and rate relief. 4. Currently, more than 95% of the HCMBC staff are major in financial or economical and HCMBC does not have staff qualified in environmental or social management or safeguards. In the current loan processing procedures, HCMBC follows PRC’s laws and regulations for environmental and social due diligence, including checking the domestic environmental impact assessment (EIA) approval and land use permit (if applicable). Obtaining these documents are the pre-conditions of loan approval. During implementation period of the approved project, if non- compliance was observed, HCMBC will request borrowers to provide appropriate corrective actions following local authorities’ requirements. If this is not strictly followed, HCMBC will further request the borrowers to immediately repay all amounts and charges outstanding and due to HCMBC, and terminate the loan agreement. Such items are also included in the loan agreement between HCMBC and borrowers. There is no any environmental and social safeguard issue happened so far in all lending portfolio in HCMBC. 5. Overall, the performance of HCMBC shows that it is experienced in domestic loan processing and due diligence (including financial, environmental and social) of project loans. It has its own system of screening and selecting projects to be financed as loan. However, it is noted that the HCMBC staff are not assessing environmental and social risks of the proposed loan but only check the compliance of the project loan including obtaining the copies of approvals from local government authorities. HCMBC staffs are not familiar with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) (2009) requirements. Capacity building will be necessary and crucial during the project implementation. During project preparation, safeguards orientation and training were provided to HCMBC staff by transactional technical assistance (TRTA) consultants. B. Bank of Inner Mongolia 6. Bank of Inner Mongolia (BOIM) is was founded in November 1999 with the approval of People's Bank of China with its headquarters in Hohhot. It will serve as one the FIs to implement the FIL component under the Tranche 1. By the end of 2018, the total institutional number of BOIM had reached 135, namely the banking outlet of BOIM, 11 branches (including banking department), 1 sub-branch directly under the head office, 121 sub-branches (22 sub-branches in county level), and 1 SME financial service center. Its business has covered 8 prefectures/municipalities in IMAR and it has 3,110 employees. BOIM will be working closely with Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Project Management Office (IPMO) in subproject screening, selection, and due diligence (including financial, environmental and social). As a local bank, BOIM conducts most of its business inside IMAR. The main business of BOIM is traditional retailing banking (deposit, loan and settlement service). The general loan process flow of BOIM is as follows: (i) receiving loan application; (ii) project information collection and site visit; (iii) loan assessment and due diligence (including financial, environmental and social); (iv) risk assessment; (v) loan approval; and (vi) post-lending management. 7. BOIM is a local and regional bank. The branch, sub-branch and banking outlets cover most of the prefectures, municipalities and counties. The bank fully understands the local SME sector including its business requirements and risks. However, BOIM does not have any special environmental and social safeguards screening and selection criteria nor associated due diligence procedure and system for its current
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Multi-Scale Analysis of Green Space for Human Settlement Sustainability in Urban Areas of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China
    sustainability Article Multi-Scale Analysis of Green Space for Human Settlement Sustainability in Urban Areas of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China Wenfeng Chi 1,2, Jing Jia 1,2, Tao Pan 3,4,5,* , Liang Jin 1,2 and Xiulian Bai 1,2 1 College of resources and Environmental Economics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010070, China; [email protected] (W.C.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (L.J.); [email protected] (X.B.) 2 Resource Utilization and Environmental Protection Coordinated Development Academician Expert Workstation in the North of China, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010070, China 3 College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Shandong, Rizhao 276826, China 4 Department of Geography, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium 5 Land Research Center of Qufu Normal University, Shandong, Rizhao 276826, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-1834-604-6488 Received: 19 July 2020; Accepted: 18 August 2020; Published: 21 August 2020 Abstract: Green space in intra-urban regions plays a significant role in improving the human habitat environment and regulating the ecosystem service in the Inner Mongolian Plateau of China, the environmental barrier region of North China. However, a lack of multi-scale studies on intra-urban green space limits our knowledge of human settlement environments in this region. In this study, a synergistic methodology, including the main process of linear spectral decomposition, vegetation-soil-impervious surface area model, and artificial digital technology, was established to generate a multi-scale of green space (i.e., 15-m resolution intra-urban green components and 0.5-m resolution park region) and investigate multi-scale green space characteristics as well as its ecological service in 12 central cities of the Inner Mongolian Plateau.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mongolian Local Knowledge on Plants Recorded in Mongolia and Amdo and the Dead City of Khara-Khoto and Its ScientiC Value
    The Mongolian Local Knowledge on Plants Recorded in Mongolia and Amdo and the Dead City of Khara-Khoto and Its Scientic Value Guixi Liu ( [email protected] ) IMNU: Inner Mongolia Normal University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-2714 Wurheng Wurheng IMNU: Inner Mongolia Normal University Khasbagan Khasbagan IMNU: Inner Mongolia Normal University Yanying Zhang IMNU: Inner Mongolia Normal University Shirong Guo IMNU: Inner Mongolia Normal University Research Keywords: P. K. Kozlov, Expedition Record, Local Knowledge on plants, Mongolian Folk, Ethnobotany, Botanical History Posted Date: December 28th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-133605/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License The Mongolian local knowledge on plants recorded in Mongolia and Amdo and the Dead City of Khara-Khoto and its scientific value Guixi Liu1*, Wurheng2, Khasbagan1,2,3*, Yanying Zhang1 and Shirong Guo1 1 Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China. 3 Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use of Colleges and Universities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. * the corresponding author 1 Abstract Background: There is a plentiful amount of local knowledge on plants hidden in the literature of foreign exploration to China in modern history. Mongolia and Amdo and the Dead City of Khara- Khoto (MAKK) is an expedition record on the sixth scientific expedition to northwestern China (1907-1909) initiated by P.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • Public Private Partnership for Desertification Control in Inner Mongolia Zhongju Meng • Xiaohong Dang • Yong Gao
    Zhongju Meng · Xiaohong Dang Yong Gao Public Private Partnership for Deserti cation Control in Inner Mongolia Public Private Partnership for Desertification Control in Inner Mongolia Zhongju Meng • Xiaohong Dang • Yong Gao Public Private Partnership for Desertification Control in Inner Mongolia Zhongju Meng Xiaohong Dang Desert Control Science and Engineering Desert Control Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot, Nei Mongol, China Hohhot, Nei Mongol, China Yong Gao Desert Control Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot, Nei Mongol, China ISBN 978-981-13-7498-2 ISBN 978-981-13-7499-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7499-9 © Science Press & Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Brucellosis Occurrences in Inner Mongolia, China: a Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Ecological Niche Modeling Approach Peng Jia1* and Andrew Joyner2
    Jia and Joyner BMC Infectious Diseases (2015) 15:36 DOI 10.1186/s12879-015-0763-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Human brucellosis occurrences in inner mongolia, China: a spatio-temporal distribution and ecological niche modeling approach Peng Jia1* and Andrew Joyner2 Abstract Background: Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease and remains a major burden in both human and domesticated animal populations worldwide. Few geographic studies of human Brucellosis have been conducted, especially in China. Inner Mongolia of China is considered an appropriate area for the study of human Brucellosis due to its provision of a suitable environment for animals most responsible for human Brucellosis outbreaks. Methods: The aggregated numbers of human Brucellosis cases from 1951 to 2005 at the municipality level, and the yearly numbers and incidence rates of human Brucellosis cases from 2006 to 2010 at the county level were collected. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and ecological niche modeling (ENM) were integrated to study the distribution of human Brucellosis cases over 1951–2010. Results: Results indicate that areas of central and eastern Inner Mongolia provide a long-term suitable environment where human Brucellosis outbreaks have occurred and can be expected to persist. Other areas of northeast China and central Mongolia also contain similar environments. Conclusions: This study is the first to combine advanced spatial statistical analysis with environmental modeling techniques when examining human Brucellosis outbreaks and will help to inform decision-making in the field of public health. Keywords: Brucellosis, Geographic information systems, Remote sensing technology, Ecological niche modeling, Spatial analysis, Inner Mongolia, China, Mongolia Background through the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products Brucellosis, a common zoonotic disease also referred to [4].
    [Show full text]
  • Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020
    Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020 Contents Heilongjiang ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Jilin ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Liaoning ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ........................................................................................................... 7 Beijing......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Hebei ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Henan .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Shanxi ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Shaanxi ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence Survey of Nosocomial Infections in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China [2012-2014]
    Original Article Prevalence survey of nosocomial infections in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China [2012-2014] Wei-Ping Liu1,2, Yong-Quan Tian1, Yun-Ting Hai2, Zhi-Nan Zheng2, Qing-Ling Cao2 1Public Health School of Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; 2Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Hohhot 010010, China Contributions: (I) Conception and design: WP Liu, YQ Tian; (II) Administrative support: YQ Tian; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: WP Liu, YT Hai, ZN Zheng; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: YT Hai, QL Cao; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: WP Liu; (VI) Manuscript writing: WP Liu; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Yong-Quan Tian. Public Health School of Central South University, Changsha 410078, China. Email: [email protected]. Background: To investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections, the distribution of nosocomial infection sites, the use of antibiotic and the situation of detected nosocomial infection pathogens in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China from 2012 to 2014, to grasp the current conditions of regional nosocomial infections in timely, for the development of infection prevention and control measures to provide a basis for effective hospital. Methods: A survey of the prevalence of nosocomial infections was conducted in target hospitals using the combination of a bedside survey and medical record review. Results: In total, 101,907 inpatients were surveyed from 2012 to 2014. There were 1,997 cases of nosocomial infections, accounting for an average prevalence of 1.96%. The infection site was mainly the lower respiratory tract. Higher prevalence of nosocomial infections occurred in the comprehensive intensive care unit (ICU), Neurosurgery Department, and Hematology Department.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Management Plan For
    E2498 vol. 4 Environmental Management Plan Public Disclosure Authorized for Bayannaoer Water Reclamation and Environment Improvement Project Public Disclosure Authorized Hetao Water Affair Group, Ltd. Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia Public Disclosure Authorized Oct. 2010 Public Disclosure Authorized 1. General Information 1.1 Project profile Located in the west of Inner Mongolia autonomous region, a border area province in North China, Bayannaoer City is amongst 105°12 109°53 E and 40°13 42°28 N, connecting with Baotu City and Wulanchabu City at the east, abutting on Alxa League at the west, close to the Yellow River at the south opposite to Yike Zhao League, bordering the People's Republic of Mongolia at the north with a 2 boundary line of 368.89km, covering an area of 65788 km , with the length of 378 km form east to west and the width of 238 km from south to north, governing the administrative divisions of Linhe District, Wulateqianqi County, Urad Middle Banner, Wulatehouqi County, Hangjin Back Banner, Wuyuan County and Dengkou County, with Hetao Irrigation Area as the core. In 2003, approved by the State Council, this City was upgraded from League into a prefecture-level City in the west of Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In accordance with the economic development strategy of the autonomous region and Bayannaoer City, in order to make full use of the abundant mineral resources within the city as well as that from Mongolia, it is planned to build up Qingshan Industrial Zone, Jinquan Industrial Zone, Shahai Industrial Zone, Linhe Chemical Industrial Zone and Urad Industry Base and therefore, Bayannaoer City will be the key heavy chemical industry base in Inner Mongolia autonomous region.
    [Show full text]
  • BROCHURE MONGOLIA.Indd
    2 3 Index THE EU-TRANSMONGOLIA PROJECT 5 WELCOME TO MONGOLIA 5 Mongolia, the land of blue sky 6 Chinggis Khaan, man of the Millennium 8 Mongolian Tourism Profi le and variety of destination landscapes 9 KHUVSGUL AIMAG (region) 10 Khuvsgul Mon Travel 13 Taigiin Gerelt Sor Cooperative 14 Buren Khaan 15 Khuvsgul Citizen 16 Khaluun Ilch Cooperative 17 Batbayar-Carver 18 HUSTAI NATIONAL PARK (HNP) 19 Mongolia Expeditions 20 Serten Group 21 Batsumber Group 22 DORNOGOBI AIMAG (region) 23 Gobi Morning Tour Camp 26 Tsagaan Lish Cooperative 27 Tsatsiin Bulag Tourist Camp 28 Shinekhuu 29 Khalzan-Uul accredited mineral resort 30 UMNUGOBI AIMAG (region) 31 Bayanzag Tourist Camp 34 Gobi Mirage Tourist Camp 35 Gobi Tour Camp 36 Mongolian Gobi Tourist Camp 37 Ankhsan Cooperative 38 Malchinii Hothon Cooperative 39 Gurvan Uul 40 Tourism contact details in Mongolia 41 THE INNER-MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA 44 The Grasslands. When summer comes... 45 The Deserts 46 Long History and Culture 47 The Capital City Hohhot 49 Zinihu Mongolian Cultural and Ecological Village in Alxa League 50 Chifeng Hexigten Haleyi Animal Husbandry 51 Moonlake Eco-tourist Area in Tengri Dalai Desert 52 Inner-Mongolia Gengis Khan Mausoleum 53 Jinzhanghan Camps in Hulun Buir grassland 54 Industry tourism of Yili Group 55 Inner-Mongolia Daihai Protective Tourist Area 56 Dahai Agricultural Sightseeing Garden 57 Arshan Chaihe Tourist Area 58 Tourism contact details in Inner-Mongolia (China) 59 4 5 The EU-TRANSMONGOLIA Welcome PROJECT to Mongolia The “EU-Transmongolia Partnership for Sustai- PROJECT PARTNERS: “Welcome to Mongolia, the land of Blue Sky and boundless nable Tourism and Related Businesses Deve- Formaper- Agency of Milan space, the cradle of nomadic peoples.
    [Show full text]
  • Gazing at the Cradle of the Dust Storm: a Photo Story of Humans and Environment in Alxa
    Book review Gazing at the cradle of the dust storm: a photo story of humans and environment in Alxa In Alxa, the largest and most westerly of the twelve Leagues in the Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia, China, the Ford Foundation supported a project in participatory communication using the technique of photo “novella”: local people are provided with still cameras with which they are free to photograph anything they want in order to make up a picture story of their everyday lives. This process is meant to give them the opportunity to record and reflect their needs, to learn together by engaging in dialogue among themselves and with “outsiders”, to encourage community-led action and to inform policymakers. The “Photo Story” project was implemented by three environmental non-governmental organisations: Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology of Alxa (SEE), the Development Institute for Tradition and Environment in Kunming (DITE) and the National Culture and Gender Research Institute in Lijiang (CGRC). The main purposes were to explore local people’s perspectives on and understanding of their environment, their livelihoods and their traditions; and to stimulate them to reflect on environmental protection and community development. The project also helped “outsiders” understand local views, concerns and aspirations. The project was coordinated by a young Han Chinese woman from Zhejiang Province, Ding Pingjun, working together with a young Mongolian woman, Meng Gen. Over a period of one year, local people -- men and women, young and old, from two ethnic groups (Mongolian and Han Chinese) -- at two sites in Alxa League were given simple cameras and “plenty of film”, and were trained how to use them.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species and Two New Records of the Genus Pseudepipona De Saussure, 1856 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from China, with a Key to the Chinese Species
    JHR 82: 285–304 (2021) doi: 10.3897/jhr.82.64011 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://jhr.pensoft.net A new species and two new records of the genus Pseudepipona de Saussure, 1856 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from China, with a key to the Chinese species Yue Bai1, Bin Chen1, Ting-Jing Li1 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology; Institute of En- tomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China Corresponding author: Ting-Jing Li ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Ohl | Received 5 February 2021 | Accepted 9 March 2021 | Published 29 April 2021 http://zoobank.org/1AFAA9FB-20E2-491A-B8C4-6D3EFF371862 Citation: Bai Y, Chen V, Li T-J (2021) A new species and two new records of the genus Pseudepipona de Saussure, 1856 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from China, with a key to the Chinese species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 285–304. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.64011 Abstract In present paper, a total of seven species of Pseudepipona is recognized from China, containing one new species and two newly recorded species. The new species Pseudepipona (Pseudepipona) punctulata sp. nov. is described and illustrated in detail. Pseudepipona (Pseudepipona) kozhevnikovi (Kostylev, 1927) and Pseudepipona (Pseudepipona) straminea (André, 1884) are first recorded from China. Four other known species Pseudepipona (Pseudepipona) augusta (Morawitz, 1867), Pseudepipona (Pseudepipona) herrichii (de Saussure, 1856), Pseudepipona (Pseudepipona) lativentris (de Saussure, 1855) and Pseudepipona (Pseude- pipona) przewalskyi (Morawitz, 1885) are also diagnosed with some figures. Furthermore, a key to the Chinese species of the genus is provided. Keywords Pseudepipona, Eumeninae, China, new species, new records Copyright Yue Bai et al.
    [Show full text]
  • CWSI) for Monitoring Drought from 2001 to 2017 Over Inner Mongolia
    sustainability Article Characterization and Evaluation of MODIS-Derived Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) for Monitoring Drought from 2001 to 2017 over Inner Mongolia Zi-Ce Ma 1, Peng Sun 1,2,3,* , Qiang Zhang 2,3,*, Yu-Qian Hu 1 and Wei Jiang 1 1 School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; [email protected] (Z.-C.M.); [email protected] (Y.-Q.H.); [email protected] (W.J.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 3 Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (Q.Z.) Abstract: Inner Mongolia is one of the main green production bases of agricultural and animal husbandry products. Due to factors such as natural geographical location, drought occurs frequently in Inner Mongolia. Based on the MOD16 product and the method of crop water stress index (CWSI) combined with multi-year precipitation and temperature data, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and major influencing factors of drought in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2017 were analyzed. In order to provide effective scientific basis for drought control and drought resistance in Inner Mongolia for decision. The results showed that: (1) during 2001–2017, the average annual CWSI in Inner Mongolia had a strong spatial heterogeneity, which showed a trend of gradual increase from northeast to southwest. The annual average CWSI was 0.7787 and showed a fluctuating downward trend for Inner Mongolia. (2) The CWSI of every 8d during one year in Inner Mongolia showed the Citation: Ma, Z.-C.; Sun, P.; Zhang, double-peak trend, reaching its maximum of 0.9043 in the 121st day.
    [Show full text]