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Novitates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y AMERICAN MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2850, pp. 1-10, figs. 1-5, tables 1, 2 June 30, 1986 Paulamys, a Replacement Name for Floresomys Musser, 1981 (Muridae), and New Matenral of that Taxon from Flores, Indonesia GUY G. MUSSER,' A. VAN DE WEERD,2 AND ELIZABETH STRASSER3 ABSTRACT Paulamys, a new name, is proposed to replace gara, Indonesia. New specimens of the species are Floresomys Musser (1981), the generic name for listed and describcd and their significance to un- a species of long-nosed murid known by subfossil derstanding the native Floresian murids discussed. fragments from the island of Flores in Nusateng- INTRODUCTION Twelve species ofmurids are recorded from- subfossil and recent specimens and still lives Flores, one ofthe larger islands in Nusateng- on Flores. Papagomys theodorverhoeveni, gara (Lesser Sunda Islands) east of Bali and Floresomys naso, Komodomys rintjanus, and south ofSulawesi. Six ofthem (Rattus rattus, Spelaeomys florensis are represented by Rattus argentiventer, Rattus exulans, Rattus subfossil fragments, and Hooijeromys nusa- norvegicus, Mus caroli, and Mus musculus tenggara by Pleistocene samples. Except for castaneus) were introduced and now live on Komodomys, which now occurs on Rintja and Flores in ecological associations tied to hu- Padar, the small islands between Flores and mans-towns, villages, gardens, agricultural Komodo, all the native species have been fields, scrub, and disturbed forest and savan- found on Flores and nowhere else (Musser, na (Musser, 1981). The other six species are 1981). native. Papagomys armandvillei is known by ' Archbold Curator, Department of Mammalogy, the American Museum of Natural History. 2 UNOCAL, Locked Bay Service No. 3, Orchard Point Postoffice, Singapore, 9123. 3 Participant, Undergraduate-Graduate Research Program, American Museum of Natural History. Copyright ©) American Museum of Natural History 1986 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $1.35 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2850 The subfossil and Pleistocene fragments D. Carleton, and James L. Patton gave us were collected by Dr. Theodorus Verhoeven, intelligent and helpful criticisms ofthe manu- described by Hooijer (1957, 1967), and then script; we appreciate their contributions. Pe- redescribed by Musser (1981). That material ter Goldberg photographed the specimens and came from Liang Toge (Liang is Indonesian provided his usual excellent prints. for cave). Dr. Verhoeven also collected spec- Ms. Elizabeth Strasser thanks the Green- imens of rats from other caves in Flores and wall Foundation for her award (administered these samples were sent to the Instituut voor by the American Museum of Natural His- Aardwetenschappen at the Rijksuniversiteit tory) from the Undergraduate-Graduate Re- Utrecht, where the specimens were cleaned, search Program. catalogued, and recently loaned to Musser. The present report is number 116 in Re- Examples of the six native species discussed sults of the Archbold Expeditions. by Musser (1981) are in the new samples, and some ofthe species are represented by abun- THE REPLACEMENT NAME dant material. There are also samples ofthree (BY GUY G. MUSSER) new species. Two of these are related to Pa- pagomys armandvillei and the third is a shrew During the last three years, Dr. V. Fahl- rat in which the morphology of the dentary busch and Dr. R. Hutterer, among others, resembles the large-bodied shrew rats of the kindly pointed out to me that Floresomys, Philippines (Chrotomys) and the smaller the generic name I had applied to a murid shrew mice native to New Guinea (Neohy- from Flores, was preoccupied by Floresomys dromys). These new specimens reinforce the Fries, Hibbard, and Dunkle (1955), which view that the native Floresian murids com- had been proposed for a species of sciuravid. prise two primary groups. One is clustered I read that report long ago but forgot about around Papagomys, which is phylogenetical- the name, for which I apologize. Floresomys ly tied to faunas found to the north and west Musser (1981) should be replaced by the fol- on Sulawesi and the Sunda Shelf; the other lowing. is represented by Spelaeomys and the shrew rat, which are linked with murids endemic Paulamys Musser, 1986 to the New Guinea and Australian region, The diagnosis, genotype, and included and possibly to the Philippines. species for Floresomys as proposed by Mus- Among the new specimens are seven den- ser (1981) apply to the replacement name tary fragments of Floresomys naso, all less Paulamys. than 4000 years old, collected from three In 1980, Dr. Verhoeven and his wife, Paula caves. Although some of the specimens are Hamerlinck, visited me at the American Mu- no more complete than the four examples seum ofNatural History. I had recently sub- described by Musser in 1981, one dentary is mitted a manuscript to the publisher that nearly complete and enough remains of two contained descriptions ofspecimens Dr. Ver- others to provide new information about cer- hoeven had collected from Liang Toge in tain structural aspects of the species. western Flores during the 1950s. We talked In this report, we place on record the new about those fragments and his excavations. I specimens ofFloresomys naso and clear up a showed him and his wife some of the new nomenclatorial problem. Several persons had material that he had collected, which hadjust mentioned to us that Floresomys is preoc- been sent to me from Utrecht. I related how cupied. Musser provides a replacement name important this undescribed material was in that is needed at this time to satisfy the re- understanding the nature of the murids na- quests of those, including ourselves, who are tive to Flores, and that some of the samples preparing classifications and faunal lists in represented new species which provided spe- which the name will be included. cial insight into the past evolutionary history We are indebted to Dr. Verhoeven who of the rats. Dr. Verhoeven asked questions allowed us to study the new material and about the fauna and spoke ofhis experiences related details about the caves and their ex- working in the different caves. The time cavations. Drs. Karl F. Koopman, Michael passed quickly and before my guests left, Dr. 1986 MUSSER, VAN DE WEERD, AND STRASSER: PAULAMYS 3 TABLE 1 Measurements (in Millimeters) and Ratios (in Percent) of Lower Molars and Incisors from Adult Paulamys nasoa Ratio Cave and Length and breadth BM2 BM3 BM3 specimen CLMI-3 ALMI-3 BI BM1 BM2 BM3 BM, BM, BM2 Liang Toge Spec. lb 7.6 7.9 1.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 105 95 90 Spec. 2 7.5 7.9 1.2 2.1 2.2 1.8 105 86 82 Spec. 3 - - 1.1 2.0 2.2 - 110 - - Spec.4 7.5 7.7 1.2 2.0 - 1.8 - 90 - LT 47 - - 1.2 - - - - - - Liang Soki LS 9 7.3 7.5 - 1.9 2.1 1.8 111 95 86 Liang Bua LB 90 7.6 8.0 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.8 111 100 90 LB 15 - - - 1.9 2.2 - 116 - - LB 20 - 8.1 1.2 - 2.2 2.0 - - 91 LB 13 - 7.7 - 1.8 - - - - - LB 85 - - - - - 1.8 - - - a Abbreviations: CLM, crown length ofmolar row; ALM, alveolar length ofmolar row; BI, breadth ofincisor taken where the tooth emerges from the ramus; BM, breadth of molar. b Holotype. Specimens 1-4 are described and illustrated by Musser (1981). Verhoeven asked if it might be possible to LLANG TOGE: This is a rock shelter located name one of the rats after Paula. I would be in the northwestern part of the Ngada Dis- happy to do so, I told him. By combining the trict, 2 km south of the abandoned village Greek mys, for mouse (or rat), with the name Lepa, near Teong. The shelter was discovered Paula, I honor the companion of Dr. Ver- in 1952 by Dr. Verhoeven and excavated hoeven, the man who has contributed so during 1954 and 1960. The rock ceiling of much to our knowledge ofthe recent past on the cave has an overhang of about 4 m, and Flores. the shelter itself is about 11 m broad. Its deposits are divisible into three units. The top unit is 1-1.6 m thick and is the only one THE CAVES that concerns us here. A human skeleton, de- scribed by Jacob (1967), was found about 1 The caves yielding the specimens we report m deep in this unit and it is from this level here are located in the Lepidocyclina-lime- that a radiocarbon date of 3550 ± 525 years stone (Ehrat, 1928), a formation of Miocene old was obtained. Specimens 1-4 of Paula- age occurring in the northern part of the mys naso described by Musser (1981) were Manggarai and Ngada districts of western collected in Unit 1 but the level at which they Flores. Ehrat (1928) reported that the lime- were found is unknown. The additional spec- stone formation has been intensively eroded imen (table 1) we report here was obtained into a karst topography containing numerous from either the surface or top level ofUnit 1. caves. Sediments in some of the caves had LIANG BUA: This cave is north ofthe village been explored for remains ofartifacts (mainly ofTeras, 10-12 km northwest ofRuteng, the Mesolithic) and other human remains (Ver- capital of the Manggarai District. About 30 hoeven, 1968). Fragments of postcranial m broad and 34 m deep, with a ceiling 10 m skeletal elements, crania, mandibles, and iso- high, the cave was used as a school building lated molars and incisors are common in some by the Teras residents and was visited by Dr. of the cave deposits described below. Verhoeven in 1950 and excavated in 1965.
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