A Tale of Two Rabbits
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Behavior and Ecology of the Riparian Brush Rabbit at the San Joaquin
BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF THE RIPARIAN BRUSH RABBIT AT THE SAN JOAQUIN RIVER NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE AS DETERMINED BY CAMERA TRAPS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Stanislaus In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Ecology and Sustainability By Celia M. Tarcha May 2020 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF THE RIPARIAN BRUSH RABBIT AT THE SAN JOAQUIN RIVER NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE AS DETERMINED BY CAMERA TRAPS By Celia M. Tarcha Signed Certification of Approval page is on file with the University Library Dr. Patrick A. Kelly Date Professor of Zoology Dr. Michael P. Fleming Date Associate Professor of Biology Education Dr. Marina M. Gerson Date Professor of Zoology Matthew R. Lloyd Date U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service © 2020 Celia M. Tarcha ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DEDICATION For my family, living and departed, who first introduced me to wildlife and appreciating inconspicuous beauty. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my committee members, Matt Lloyd, Dr. Fleming, Dr. Gerson, and Dr. Kelly, for their time and effort towards perfecting this project. I would also like to thank Eric Hopson, refuge manager of San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge for his insight and field support. Thank you as well to refuge biologists Fumika Takahashi and Kathryn Heffernan for their field surveys and reports. Additional thanks to Camera Bits Inc. for their donation of the Photomechanic license. I would like to thank the CSU Stanislaus Department of Biological Sciences for their help and support. Thank you to Bernadette Paul of the Endangered Species Recovery Program for her equipment management and support. -
Overview of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease
Overview of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Dr. Amber Itle Dr. Susan Kerr [email protected] [email protected] 360-961-4129 360-789-7664 Previous isolated U.S. cases in owned domestic rabbits 2000 (IA) The 2001 2019 (UT, IL, NY) Washington 2005 (IN) State Outbreak2008, 2010, 2018 (OH, PA) Rabbits at Risk Tame/owned & feral domestic rabbits (European rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus) Rabbits (Probably) Not at Risk WILD RABBITS Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) White-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus townsendi) Volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazzi) Pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) Nuttall's or mountain cottontail (Sylvilagus nuttallii) World Animal Health Information Database OIE World Organisation for Animal Health www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Diseaseinformation/WI We’re famous! Timeline of RHD Cases in WA, 2019 • Index case: Single owned domestic rabbit, Orcas Island July 9 • RISK FACTOR: Rodents, farm hygiene • Case 2: Feral domestic rabbits die off, Orcas Island July 11 July • Suspect cases: Feral domestic rabbitJuly die-Dec.,-off, Lopez 2019:Island 18-24 Owned and feral • Case 3: 14/25 domestic owned meat rabbits die, Orcas Island July 24 • RISK FACTOR: Vegetationdomestic cut for bedding andrabbits forage tested • Case 4: 2/5 domestic ownednegative rabbits die, feral King, domestic Skagit, die-off San Juan Aug 2 • RISK FACTOR: Direct contactPierce, with ferals andthrough Clallam cages Co. • Case 5: 11/33 domestic -
The State of Lagomorphs Today
HOUSE RABBIT JOURNAL The publication for members of the international House Rabbit Society Winter 2016 The State of Lagomorphs Today by Margo DeMello, PhD Make Mine Chocolate™ Turns 15 by Susan Mangold and Terri Cook Advocating For Rabbits by Iris Klimczuk Fly Strike (Myiasis) in Rabbits by Stacie Grannum, DVM $4.99 CONTENTS HOUSE RABBIT JOURNAL Winter 2016 Contributing Editors Amy Bremers Shana Abé Maureen O’Neill Nancy Montgomery Linda Cook The State of Lagomorphs Today p. 4 Sandi Martin by Margo DeMello, PhD Rebecca Clawson Designer/Editor Sandy Parshall Veterinary Review Linda Siperstein, DVM Executive Director Anne Martin, PhD Board of Directors Marinell Harriman, Founder and Chair Margo DeMello, President Mary Cotter, Vice President Joy Gioia, Treasurer Beth Woolbright, Secretary Dana Krempels Laurie Gigous Kathleen Wilsbach Dawn Sailer Bill Velasquez Judith Pierce Edie Sayeg Nancy Ainsworth House Rabbit Society is a 501c3 and its publication, House Rabbit Journal, is published at 148 Broadway, Richmond, CA 94804. Photograph by Tom Young HRJ is copyright protected and its contents may not be republished without written permission. The Bunny Who Started It All p. 7 by Nareeya Nalivka Goldie is adoptable at House Rabbit Society International Headquarters in Richmond, CA. rabbitcenter.org/adopt Make Mine Chocolate™ Turns 15 p. 8 by Susan Mangold and Terri Cook Cover photo by Sandy Parshall, HRS Program Manager Bella’s Wish p. 9 by Maurice Liang Advocating For Rabbits p. 10 by Iris Klimczuk From Grief to Grace: Maurice, Miss Bean, and Bella p. 12 by Chelsea Eng Fly Strike (Myiasis) in Rabbits p. 13 by Stacie Grannum, DVM The Transpacifi c Bunny p. -
The Volcano Rabbit—A Shrinking Distribution and a Threatened Habitat
The volcano rabbit— a shrinking distribution and a threatened habitat J. Hoth, A. Velazquez, F. J. Romero, L. Leon, M. Aranda and D. J. Bell The first systematic search for the volcano rabbit, a Mexican endemic, found no evidence of the species outside the central region of the transverse neovolcanic axis around Mexico City, and reveals that the rabbit has now disappeared from areas of this central zone where it has been reported in the recent past. It depends for its survival on the pine forest—bunch grass ecosystem, and this is being destroyed by conversion to agriculture, over-grazing, fire-burns, poor forestry management and encroaching property developments. The authors make recommendations for the immediate protection of the remaining areas of core habitat and for further research. The volcano rabbit, or 'zacatuche', Romerolagus the uncontrolled burning of 'zacaton' grasses to diazi is believed to be amongst the most primitive promote new growth of grazing pasture for cattle of the living species of rabbits and hares (O. and sheep, plus the exploitation of zacaton for the Lagomorpha; Family: Leporidae) (De Poorter manufacture of household brushes (Thornback and Van der Loo, 1981; Corbet, 1983; Barrera, and Jenkins, 1982; Granados, 1981). The aims 1966). of the present study were, firstly, to characterize the habitat of known populations of R. diazi in Prior to the present study no systematic search for terms of altitude, temperature, climate and this Mexican endemic had ever been carried out, dominant vegetation types, and secondly, to yet its distribution is repeatedly described as being conduct an extensive search for the species in restricted to scattered areas of sub-alpine pine- these and other areas of equivalent habitat across 'zacaton' (bunch grass) and alder-'zacaton' the entire transverse neovolcanic axis. -
Ecography ECOG-01063 Verde Arregoitia, L
Ecography ECOG-01063 Verde Arregoitia, L. D., Leach, K., Reid, N. and Fisher, D. O. 2015. Diversity, extinction, and threat status in Lagomorphs. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ecog.01063 Supplementary material 1 Appendix 1 2 Paleobiogeographic summaries for all extant lagomorph genera. 3 4 Pikas – Family Ochotonidae 5 The maximum diversity and geographic extent of pikas occurred during the global climate 6 optimum from the late-Oligocene to middle-Miocene (Ge et al. 2012). When species evolve 7 and diversify at higher temperatures, opportunities for speciation and evolution of thermal 8 niches are likely through adaptive radiation in relatively colder and species poor areas 9 (Araújo et al. 2013). Extant Ochotonids may be marginal (ecologically and geographically) 10 but diverse because they occur in topographically complex areas where habitat diversity is 11 greater and landscape units are smaller (Shvarts et al. 1995). Topographical complexity 12 creates new habitat, enlarges environmental gradients, establishes barriers to dispersal, and 13 isolates populations. All these conditions can contribute to adaptation to new environmental 14 conditions and speciation in excess of extinction for terrestrial species (Badgley 2010). 15 16 Hares and rabbits - Family Leporidae 17 Pronolagus, Bunolagus, Romerolagus, Pentalagus and Nesolagus may belong to lineages 18 that were abundant and widespread in the Oligocene and subsequently lost most (if not all) 19 species. Lepus, Sylvilagus, Caprolagus and Oryctolagus represent more recent radiations 20 which lost species unevenly during the late Pleistocene. Living species in these four genera 21 display more generalist diet and habitat preferences, and are better represented in the fossil 22 record. (Lopez-Martinez 2008). -
Gestation Period of the Laboratory Reared Volcano Rabbit
Exp. Anim.34(1), 63-66, 1985 •\ Note•\ Gestation Period of the Laboratory Reared Volcano Rabbit (Romerolagus diazi) Tetsuya MATSUZAKI, Masao KAMIYA* and Hiroshi SUZUKI** Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 1430, Nogawa , Miyamae, Kawasaki 213, Japan, *Department of Parasitology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, and **Department of Virology, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852. (Received 21 March 1984 / Accepted 24 August 1984) The period of gestation of the volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi) was measured. Females were cohabited within one hour after confirmation of coitus or were separated from the males after cohabiting overnight . In 12 females which gave birth 20 times in total, the gestation period was 39 days in 35% , 40 d ays in 50% and 41 days in 15% ; 85% of animals showed a gestation period of 39 or 40 days. Each species of mammals has a specific separated from the males within one hour gestation period but it has been confirmed after confirmation of coitus or from the only in species which are reared by man. day when the females were removed after As previously reported [5], the author suc- cohabiting overnight (5 : 00p. m. to 9 : 00a .m.) ceeded in laboratory rearing and reproduc- by counting the day of confirmation of tion of wild volcano rabbits (Romerolagus coitus as day 0. diazi) obtained from Mexico, and reprodu- Table 1 shows the period of gestation ction is being continued to develop volcano calculated for 12 females which underwent rabbits into laboratory animals. This report a total of 20 deliveries. These dams were gives the results of a study. -
State of Knowledge and Conservation of Endangered and Critically Endangered Lagomorphs Worldwide
THERYA, 2015, Vol. 6 (1): 11-30 DOI: 10.12933/therya-15-225, ISSN 2007-3364 Estado del conocimiento y conservación de lagomorfos en peligro y críticamente en peligro a nivel mundial State of knowledge and conservation of endangered and critically endangered lagomorphs worldwide Consuelo Lorenzo 1* , Tamara M. Rioja-Paradela 2 and Arturo Carrillo-Reyes 3 1El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal. Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora. San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, 29290, México. E-mail: [email protected] (CL) 2Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas. Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, Colonia Lajas Maciel. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, 29000, México. E-mail: [email protected] (TMRP) 3Oikos: Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable, A. C. Bugambilias 5, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, 29267, México. E-mail: [email protected] (ACR) *Corresponding author Introduction: Lagomorphs (rabbits, hares, and pikas) are widely distributed in every continent of the world, except Antarctica. They include 91 species: 31 rabbits of the genera Brachylagus , Bunolagus , Caprolagus , Nesolagus , Pentalagus , Poelagus , Prolagus , Pronolagus , Romerolagus, and Sylvilagus ; 32 hares of the genus Lepus and 28 pikas of the genus Ochotona . According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN 2014), the list of threatened species of lagomorphs includes one extinct, three critically endangered, ten endangered, %ve near threatened, %ve vulnerable, 61 of least concern, and six with de%cient data. Although a rich diversity of lagomorphs and endemic species exists, some of the wild populations have been declining at an accelerated rate, product of human activities and climate change. -
Appendix Lagomorph Species: Geographical Distribution and Conservation Status
Appendix Lagomorph Species: Geographical Distribution and Conservation Status PAULO C. ALVES1* AND KLAUS HACKLÄNDER2 Lagomorph taxonomy is traditionally controversy, and as a consequence the number of species varies according to different publications. Although this can be due to the conservative characteristic of some morphological and genetic traits, like general shape and number of chromosomes, the scarce knowledge on several species is probably the main reason for this controversy. Also, some species have been discovered only recently, and from others we miss any information since they have been first described (mainly in pikas). We struggled with this difficulty during the work on this book, and decide to include a list of lagomorph species (Table 1). As a reference, we used the recent list published by Hoffmann and Smith (2005) in the “Mammals of the world” (Wilson and Reeder, 2005). However, to make an updated list, we include some significant published data (Friedmann and Daly 2004) and the contribu- tions and comments of some lagomorph specialist, namely Andrew Smith, John Litvaitis, Terrence Robinson, Andrew Smith, Franz Suchentrunk, and from the Mexican lagomorph association, AMCELA. We also include sum- mary information about the geographical range of all species and the current IUCN conservation status. Inevitably, this list still contains some incorrect information. However, a permanently updated lagomorph list will be pro- vided via the World Lagomorph Society (www.worldlagomorphsociety.org). 1 CIBIO, Centro de Investigaça˜o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos and Faculdade de Ciˆencias, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vaira˜o 4485-661 – Vaira˜o, Portugal 2 Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Str. -
Lagomorphs: Pikas, Rabbits, and Hares of the World
LAGOMORPHS 1709048_int_cc2015.indd 1 15/9/2017 15:59 1709048_int_cc2015.indd 2 15/9/2017 15:59 Lagomorphs Pikas, Rabbits, and Hares of the World edited by Andrew T. Smith Charlotte H. Johnston Paulo C. Alves Klaus Hackländer JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS | baltimore 1709048_int_cc2015.indd 3 15/9/2017 15:59 © 2018 Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2018 Printed in China on acid- free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363 www .press .jhu .edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Smith, Andrew T., 1946–, editor. Title: Lagomorphs : pikas, rabbits, and hares of the world / edited by Andrew T. Smith, Charlotte H. Johnston, Paulo C. Alves, Klaus Hackländer. Description: Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017004268| ISBN 9781421423401 (hardcover) | ISBN 1421423405 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781421423418 (electronic) | ISBN 1421423413 (electronic) Subjects: LCSH: Lagomorpha. | BISAC: SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Biology / General. | SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Zoology / Mammals. | SCIENCE / Reference. Classification: LCC QL737.L3 L35 2018 | DDC 599.32—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017004268 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Frontispiece, top to bottom: courtesy Behzad Farahanchi, courtesy David E. Brown, and © Alessandro Calabrese. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at 410-516-6936 or specialsales @press .jhu .edu. Johns Hopkins University Press uses environmentally friendly book materials, including recycled text paper that is composed of at least 30 percent post- consumer waste, whenever possible. -
Lagomorphs: Pikas, Rabbits, and Hares of the World
LAGOMORPHS 1709048_int_cc2015.indd 1 15/9/2017 15:59 1709048_int_cc2015.indd 2 15/9/2017 15:59 Lagomorphs Pikas, Rabbits, and Hares of the World edited by Andrew T. Smith Charlotte H. Johnston Paulo C. Alves Klaus Hackländer JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS | baltimore 1709048_int_cc2015.indd 3 15/9/2017 15:59 © 2018 Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2018 Printed in China on acid- free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363 www .press .jhu .edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Smith, Andrew T., 1946–, editor. Title: Lagomorphs : pikas, rabbits, and hares of the world / edited by Andrew T. Smith, Charlotte H. Johnston, Paulo C. Alves, Klaus Hackländer. Description: Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017004268| ISBN 9781421423401 (hardcover) | ISBN 1421423405 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781421423418 (electronic) | ISBN 1421423413 (electronic) Subjects: LCSH: Lagomorpha. | BISAC: SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Biology / General. | SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Zoology / Mammals. | SCIENCE / Reference. Classification: LCC QL737.L3 L35 2018 | DDC 599.32—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017004268 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Frontispiece, top to bottom: courtesy Behzad Farahanchi, courtesy David E. Brown, and © Alessandro Calabrese. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at 410-516-6936 or specialsales @press .jhu .edu. Johns Hopkins University Press uses environmentally friendly book materials, including recycled text paper that is composed of at least 30 percent post- consumer waste, whenever possible. -
List of 28 Orders, 129 Families, 598 Genera and 1121 Species in Mammal Images Library 31 December 2013
What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library LIST OF 28 ORDERS, 129 FAMILIES, 598 GENERA AND 1121 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 DECEMBER 2013 AFROSORICIDA (5 genera, 5 species) – golden moles and tenrecs CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus – Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 4. Tenrec ecaudatus – Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (83 genera, 142 species) – paraxonic (mostly even-toed) ungulates ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BOVIDAE (46 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Impala 3. Alcelaphus buselaphus - Hartebeest 4. Alcelaphus caama – Red Hartebeest 5. Ammotragus lervia - Barbary Sheep 6. Antidorcas marsupialis - Springbok 7. Antilope cervicapra – Blackbuck 8. Beatragus hunter – Hunter’s Hartebeest 9. Bison bison - American Bison 10. Bison bonasus - European Bison 11. Bos frontalis - Gaur 12. Bos javanicus - Banteng 13. Bos taurus -Auroch 14. Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai 15. Bubalus bubalis - Water Buffalo 16. Bubalus depressicornis - Anoa 17. Bubalus quarlesi - Mountain Anoa 18. Budorcas taxicolor - Takin 19. Capra caucasica - Tur 20. Capra falconeri - Markhor 21. Capra hircus - Goat 22. Capra nubiana – Nubian Ibex 23. Capra pyrenaica – Spanish Ibex 24. Capricornis crispus – Japanese Serow 25. Cephalophus jentinki - Jentink's Duiker 26. Cephalophus natalensis – Red Duiker 1 What the American Society of Mammalogists has in the images library 27. Cephalophus niger – Black Duiker 28. Cephalophus rufilatus – Red-flanked Duiker 29. Cephalophus silvicultor - Yellow-backed Duiker 30. Cephalophus zebra - Zebra Duiker 31. Connochaetes gnou - Black Wildebeest 32. Connochaetes taurinus - Blue Wildebeest 33. Damaliscus korrigum – Topi 34. -
Card 1 : What Do I Look Like? Answer: My Distinctive Black Cheek Stripe, Brown Tail, Thickly Furred Feet and Disproportionately
Card 1 : What do I look like? Answer: My distinctive black cheek stripe, brown tail, thickly furred feet and disproportionately large ears distinguish the Riverine Rabbits from other rabbit and hare. Card 2: What do I eat? Answer: Riverine Rabbits’ diet consist of Karoo bushes (90%) and grass (10%). Some of the bushes we consume include; Bierbos, Gannabos and Skaapbos. Card 3: Where do I live? Answer: Nama Karoo Biome (primarily Northern Cape) and Succulent Karoo, Fynbos and Renosterveld Biomes in the Western Cape. Card 4: Where can you find me? Answers: Riparian habitat associated with the seasonal rivers of the Nama Karoo. However, in the Succulent Karoo we utilise the landscape more widely and may be found on hills and hang out on old lands. Card 5: How big am I? Answer: Adult male Riverine Rabbits weight an average of 1,45kg and the females can be slightly bigger with an average weight 1,7kg. We have long ears that can reach a length of up to 112mm. Card 6: How to distinguish me from other rabbit and hares? Answer: (1) I black cheek stripe along the side of the lower jaw. No other rabbits or hares has this distinctive black stripe on its cheek. (2) I have dense fur on the feet giving them a thickened appearance, referred to by the colloquial name “doekvoetjie”. Hares, on the other hand, have very slim legs. (3) I have a brown tail (similar to Red Rock Rabbits), in contrast to the black and white tails characteristic of hares. Card 7: When am I most active? Answer: Most people believe that we are only active at night (nocturnal).