The State of Lagomorphs Today
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Evolutionary History of Stomach Bot Flies in the Light of Mitogenomics
Evolutionary history of stomach bot flies in the light of mitogenomics Yan, Liping; Pape, Thomas; Elgar, Mark A.; Gao, Yunyun; Zhang, Dong Published in: Systematic Entomology DOI: 10.1111/syen.12356 Publication date: 2019 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Yan, L., Pape, T., Elgar, M. A., Gao, Y., & Zhang, D. (2019). Evolutionary history of stomach bot flies in the light of mitogenomics. Systematic Entomology, 44(4), 797-809. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12356 Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 Systematic Entomology (2019), 44, 797–809 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12356 Evolutionary history of stomach bot flies in the light of mitogenomics LIPING YAN1, THOMAS PAPE2 , MARK A. ELGAR3, YUNYUN GAO1 andDONG ZHANG1 1School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, 2Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and 3School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Abstract. Stomach bot flies (Calyptratae: Oestridae, Gasterophilinae) are obligate endoparasitoids of Proboscidea (i.e. elephants), Rhinocerotidae (i.e. rhinos) and Equidae (i.e. horses and zebras, etc.), with their larvae developing in the digestive tract of hosts with very strong host specificity. They represent an extremely unusual diver- sity among dipteran, or even insect parasites in general, and therefore provide sig- nificant insights into the evolution of parasitism. The phylogeny of stomach botflies was reconstructed -
Behavior and Ecology of the Riparian Brush Rabbit at the San Joaquin
BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF THE RIPARIAN BRUSH RABBIT AT THE SAN JOAQUIN RIVER NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE AS DETERMINED BY CAMERA TRAPS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Stanislaus In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Ecology and Sustainability By Celia M. Tarcha May 2020 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF THE RIPARIAN BRUSH RABBIT AT THE SAN JOAQUIN RIVER NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE AS DETERMINED BY CAMERA TRAPS By Celia M. Tarcha Signed Certification of Approval page is on file with the University Library Dr. Patrick A. Kelly Date Professor of Zoology Dr. Michael P. Fleming Date Associate Professor of Biology Education Dr. Marina M. Gerson Date Professor of Zoology Matthew R. Lloyd Date U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service © 2020 Celia M. Tarcha ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DEDICATION For my family, living and departed, who first introduced me to wildlife and appreciating inconspicuous beauty. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my committee members, Matt Lloyd, Dr. Fleming, Dr. Gerson, and Dr. Kelly, for their time and effort towards perfecting this project. I would also like to thank Eric Hopson, refuge manager of San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge for his insight and field support. Thank you as well to refuge biologists Fumika Takahashi and Kathryn Heffernan for their field surveys and reports. Additional thanks to Camera Bits Inc. for their donation of the Photomechanic license. I would like to thank the CSU Stanislaus Department of Biological Sciences for their help and support. Thank you to Bernadette Paul of the Endangered Species Recovery Program for her equipment management and support. -
The Status and Distribution of Mediterranean Mammals
THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF MEDITERRANEAN MAMMALS Compiled by Helen J. Temple and Annabelle Cuttelod AN E AN R R E IT MED The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF MEDITERRANEAN MAMMALS Compiled by Helen J. Temple and Annabelle Cuttelod The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or other participating organizations, concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organizations. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK Copyright: © 2009 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Red List logo: © 2008 Citation: Temple, H.J. and Cuttelod, A. (Compilers). 2009. The Status and Distribution of Mediterranean Mammals. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK : IUCN. vii+32pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1163-8 Cover design: Cambridge Publishers Cover photo: Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus © Antonio Rivas/P. Ex-situ Lince Ibérico All photographs used in this publication remain the property of the original copyright holder (see individual captions for details). -
Internal Parasites of the Horse
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 3 Volume 5 Number 4 July-August, 1956 Article 3 1-7-1956 Internal parasites of the horse J. Shilkin Follow this and additional works at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/journal_agriculture3 Recommended Citation Shilkin, J. (1956) "Internal parasites of the horse," Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 3: Vol. 5 : No. 4 , Article 3. Available at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/journal_agriculture3/vol5/iss4/3 This article is brought to you for free and open access by Research Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 3 by an authorized administrator of Research Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTERNAL PARASITES OF THE By J. SHILKIN, B.V. Sc, Senior Veterinary Surgeon WfHILE actual losses from internal parasites are not of common occurrence in TT horses, much unthriftiness, debility and colic can be attributed to their presence in the intestines, particularly in young animals. Infection occurs through the horse ing for long periods on the grass, although swallowing the eggs or larvae which are the majority will die in about three present in the soil, water or grass. The months. When the pasture is wet with dew different species then progress through or rain they are able to climb up the blades their various life cycles ending with of grass and are swallowed by the horse female worms laying eggs which are as it grazes. eventually passed out in the dung. -
View the PDF File of the Tachinid Times, Issue 8
The Tachinid Times ISSUE 8 February 1995 Jim O'Hara, editor Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Biological Resources Division Centre for Land & Biological Resources Research C.E.F., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6 This issue marks the eighth year of The Tachinid Basic methodology: A team of (currently 9) Costa Rican Times. It is the largest issue so far, with the largest paraecologists range throughout all habitats night and mailing list as well (90). I hope you find this issue of day searching opportunistically and directedly for Lepid- interest. To keep this newsletter going, remember to optera larvae. These habitats are "wild", though they contribute some news from time to time. As usual, the represent the earliest stages of succession to virtually next issue will be distributed next February. undisturbed forest. When a caterpillar is found it is placed in a plastic bag with its presumed food (normally The Caterpillars and their Parasitoids of a Tropical this is the plant on which it was found). If it feeds, it is Dry Forest (by D.H. Janzen) then given a unique voucher number (e.g., 94-SRNP- Project name: The caterpillars and their parasitoids of 7857; this would be the 7857th caterpillar recorded in a tropical dry forest, Guanacaste Conservation Area, 1994; SRNP stands for Santa Rosa National Park, which northwestern Costa Rica. is today the Santa Rosa Sector of the GCA). That vou- Project goal: To determine the host-plant specificity of cher number is written on the plastic bag. The collection the entire set of macro caterpillars (and miners where information is recorded in field notebooks by the feasible) for the tropical dry forest in the Guanacaste collectors, and this information is later computer- Conservation Area in northwestern Costa Rica (0-300 m captured into a Filemaker Pro 2.0 flatfile database (de- elevation, six month dry season, total annual rainfall tails available on request). -
Ecography ECOG-01063 Verde Arregoitia, L
Ecography ECOG-01063 Verde Arregoitia, L. D., Leach, K., Reid, N. and Fisher, D. O. 2015. Diversity, extinction, and threat status in Lagomorphs. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ecog.01063 Supplementary material 1 Appendix 1 2 Paleobiogeographic summaries for all extant lagomorph genera. 3 4 Pikas – Family Ochotonidae 5 The maximum diversity and geographic extent of pikas occurred during the global climate 6 optimum from the late-Oligocene to middle-Miocene (Ge et al. 2012). When species evolve 7 and diversify at higher temperatures, opportunities for speciation and evolution of thermal 8 niches are likely through adaptive radiation in relatively colder and species poor areas 9 (Araújo et al. 2013). Extant Ochotonids may be marginal (ecologically and geographically) 10 but diverse because they occur in topographically complex areas where habitat diversity is 11 greater and landscape units are smaller (Shvarts et al. 1995). Topographical complexity 12 creates new habitat, enlarges environmental gradients, establishes barriers to dispersal, and 13 isolates populations. All these conditions can contribute to adaptation to new environmental 14 conditions and speciation in excess of extinction for terrestrial species (Badgley 2010). 15 16 Hares and rabbits - Family Leporidae 17 Pronolagus, Bunolagus, Romerolagus, Pentalagus and Nesolagus may belong to lineages 18 that were abundant and widespread in the Oligocene and subsequently lost most (if not all) 19 species. Lepus, Sylvilagus, Caprolagus and Oryctolagus represent more recent radiations 20 which lost species unevenly during the late Pleistocene. Living species in these four genera 21 display more generalist diet and habitat preferences, and are better represented in the fossil 22 record. (Lopez-Martinez 2008). -
Human Botfly (Dermatobia Hominis)
CLOSE ENCOUNTERS WITH THE ENVIRONMENT What’s Eating You? Human Botfly (Dermatobia hominis) Maryann Mikhail, MD; Barry L. Smith, MD Case Report A 12-year-old boy presented to dermatology with boils that had not responded to antibiotic therapy. The boy had been vacationing in Belize with his family and upon return noted 2 boils on his back. His pediatrician prescribed a 1-week course of cephalexin 250 mg 4 times daily. One lesion resolved while the second grew larger and was associated with stinging pain. The patient then went to the emergency depart- ment and was given a 1-week course of dicloxacil- lin 250 mg 4 times daily. Nevertheless, the lesion persisted, prompting the patient to return to the Figure 1. Clinical presentation of a round, nontender, emergency department, at which time the dermatol- 1.0-cm, erythematous furuncular lesion with an overlying ogy service was consulted. On physical examination, 0.5-cm, yellow-red, gelatinous cap with a central pore. there was a round, nontender, 1.0-cm, erythema- tous nodule with an overlying 0.5-cm, yellow-red, gelatinous cap with a central pore (Figure 1). The patient was afebrile and had no detectable lymphad- enopathy. Management consisted of injection of lidocaine with epinephrine around and into the base of the lesion for anesthesia, followed by insertion of a 4-mm tissue punch and gentle withdrawal of a botfly (Dermatobia hominis) larva with forceps through the defect it created (Figure 2). The area was then irri- gated and bandaged without suturing and the larva was sent for histopathologic evaluation (Figure 3). -
World Distribution of the European Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)
1 The Evolution, Domestication and World Distribution of the European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Luca Fontanesi1*, Valerio Joe Utzeri1 and Anisa Ribani1 1Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy 1.1 The Order Lagomorpha to assure essential vitamin uptake, the digestion of the vegetarian diet and water reintroduction The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus, (Hörnicke, 1981). Linnaeus 1758) is a mammal belonging to the The order Lagomorpha was recognized as a order Lagomorpha. distinct order within the class Mammalia in Lagomorphs are such a distinct group of 1912, separated from the order Rodentia within mammalian herbivores that the very word ‘lago- which lagomorphs were originally placed (Gidely, morph’ is a circular reference meaning ‘hare- 1912; Landry, 1999). Lagomorphs are, however, shaped’ (Chapman and Flux, 1990; Fontanesi considered to be closely related to the rodents et al., 2016). A unique anatomical feature that from which they diverged about 62–100 million characterizes lagomorphs is the presence of years ago (Mya), and together they constitute small peg-like teeth immediately behind the up- the clade Glires (Chuan-Kuei et al., 1987; Benton per-front incisors. For this feature, lagomorphs and Donoghue, 2007). Lagomorphs, rodents and are also known as Duplicidentata. Therefore, primates are placed in the major mammalian instead of four incisor teeth characteristic of clade of the Euarchontoglires (O’Leary et al., 2013). rodents (also known as Simplicidentata), lago- Modern lagomorphs might be evolved from morphs have six. The additional pair is reduced the ancestral lineage from which derived the in size. Another anatomical characteristic of the †Mimotonidae and †Eurymilydae sister taxa, animals of this order is the presence of an elong- following the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) bound- ated rostrum of the skull, reinforced by a lattice- ary around 65 Mya (Averianov, 1994; Meng et al., work of bone, which is a fenestration to reduce 2003; Asher et al., 2005; López-Martínez, 2008). -
Year of the Rabbit – Species Hopping out of View?
MEDIA ADVISORY For immediate release Year of the Rabbit – species hopping out of view? Background: Celebrations begin on Thursday 3 February 2011 to mark the Chinese New Year and the start of the Year of the Rabbit. However, as we enter this new cycle in the Chinese zodiac, conservationists are warning that, in spite of their reputation as prolific breeders, nearly one in four rabbits, hares and pikas - from the order known as lagomorphs - are classified as Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™. The IUCN SSC (Species Survival Commission) Lagomorph Specialist Group says that habitat loss, overhunting and disease are some of the main threats faced by lagomorphs. In its native range on the Iberian peninsula, European Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, populations have drastically declined due to Rabbit Haemorrhagic Fever and habitat loss. In Portugal, 30% of the species was lost from 1994 to 2004; in the Iberian Peninsula as a whole, 20% declines are reported, with some populations on the verge of extinction. Elsewhere, death from the viral disease ranges from 40% to 100%. All domestic rabbits are descendants of the wild European Rabbit. The Riverine Rabbit, Bunolagus monticularis, is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is now only found in the Central Karoo region of South Africa. Numbers have fallen by about 60% in the past 20 years, mostly due to loss of habitat, as it lives only on prime agricultural land, none of which is protected. The Ili Pika, Ochotona iliensis, first described about 30 years ago, is listed as Endangered. -
State of Knowledge and Conservation of Endangered and Critically Endangered Lagomorphs Worldwide
THERYA, 2015, Vol. 6 (1): 11-30 DOI: 10.12933/therya-15-225, ISSN 2007-3364 Estado del conocimiento y conservación de lagomorfos en peligro y críticamente en peligro a nivel mundial State of knowledge and conservation of endangered and critically endangered lagomorphs worldwide Consuelo Lorenzo 1* , Tamara M. Rioja-Paradela 2 and Arturo Carrillo-Reyes 3 1El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal. Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora. San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, 29290, México. E-mail: [email protected] (CL) 2Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas. Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, Colonia Lajas Maciel. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, 29000, México. E-mail: [email protected] (TMRP) 3Oikos: Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable, A. C. Bugambilias 5, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, 29267, México. E-mail: [email protected] (ACR) *Corresponding author Introduction: Lagomorphs (rabbits, hares, and pikas) are widely distributed in every continent of the world, except Antarctica. They include 91 species: 31 rabbits of the genera Brachylagus , Bunolagus , Caprolagus , Nesolagus , Pentalagus , Poelagus , Prolagus , Pronolagus , Romerolagus, and Sylvilagus ; 32 hares of the genus Lepus and 28 pikas of the genus Ochotona . According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN 2014), the list of threatened species of lagomorphs includes one extinct, three critically endangered, ten endangered, %ve near threatened, %ve vulnerable, 61 of least concern, and six with de%cient data. Although a rich diversity of lagomorphs and endemic species exists, some of the wild populations have been declining at an accelerated rate, product of human activities and climate change. -
Appendix Lagomorph Species: Geographical Distribution and Conservation Status
Appendix Lagomorph Species: Geographical Distribution and Conservation Status PAULO C. ALVES1* AND KLAUS HACKLÄNDER2 Lagomorph taxonomy is traditionally controversy, and as a consequence the number of species varies according to different publications. Although this can be due to the conservative characteristic of some morphological and genetic traits, like general shape and number of chromosomes, the scarce knowledge on several species is probably the main reason for this controversy. Also, some species have been discovered only recently, and from others we miss any information since they have been first described (mainly in pikas). We struggled with this difficulty during the work on this book, and decide to include a list of lagomorph species (Table 1). As a reference, we used the recent list published by Hoffmann and Smith (2005) in the “Mammals of the world” (Wilson and Reeder, 2005). However, to make an updated list, we include some significant published data (Friedmann and Daly 2004) and the contribu- tions and comments of some lagomorph specialist, namely Andrew Smith, John Litvaitis, Terrence Robinson, Andrew Smith, Franz Suchentrunk, and from the Mexican lagomorph association, AMCELA. We also include sum- mary information about the geographical range of all species and the current IUCN conservation status. Inevitably, this list still contains some incorrect information. However, a permanently updated lagomorph list will be pro- vided via the World Lagomorph Society (www.worldlagomorphsociety.org). 1 CIBIO, Centro de Investigaça˜o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos and Faculdade de Ciˆencias, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vaira˜o 4485-661 – Vaira˜o, Portugal 2 Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Str. -
Lagomorphs: Pikas, Rabbits, and Hares of the World
LAGOMORPHS 1709048_int_cc2015.indd 1 15/9/2017 15:59 1709048_int_cc2015.indd 2 15/9/2017 15:59 Lagomorphs Pikas, Rabbits, and Hares of the World edited by Andrew T. Smith Charlotte H. Johnston Paulo C. Alves Klaus Hackländer JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS | baltimore 1709048_int_cc2015.indd 3 15/9/2017 15:59 © 2018 Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2018 Printed in China on acid- free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363 www .press .jhu .edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Smith, Andrew T., 1946–, editor. Title: Lagomorphs : pikas, rabbits, and hares of the world / edited by Andrew T. Smith, Charlotte H. Johnston, Paulo C. Alves, Klaus Hackländer. Description: Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017004268| ISBN 9781421423401 (hardcover) | ISBN 1421423405 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781421423418 (electronic) | ISBN 1421423413 (electronic) Subjects: LCSH: Lagomorpha. | BISAC: SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Biology / General. | SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Zoology / Mammals. | SCIENCE / Reference. Classification: LCC QL737.L3 L35 2018 | DDC 599.32—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017004268 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Frontispiece, top to bottom: courtesy Behzad Farahanchi, courtesy David E. Brown, and © Alessandro Calabrese. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at 410-516-6936 or specialsales @press .jhu .edu. Johns Hopkins University Press uses environmentally friendly book materials, including recycled text paper that is composed of at least 30 percent post- consumer waste, whenever possible.