DOCSLIB.ORG

Two New Caladium Species (Araceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Two New Caladium Species (Araceae) 126 AROIDEANA, Vol. 32 Two New Caladium Species (Araceae) W. L. A. Hetterscheid Botanical Gardens Wageningen University Gen. Foulkesweg 37 6703 BL Wageningen, Netherlands [email protected] J. Bogner Augsburger Str. 43a 0-86368 Gersthofen, Germany J. Boos 1368 Scottsdale Rd. E. West Palm Beach, FL 33417, USA ABSTRACf Wageningen University (Netherlands) (do­ nated by P. Resslar, USA, from cultivated Two caladiums that have been widely stock, probably originating from a plant cultivated are fully described and named as introduced into cultivation by B. Feuerstein new species, together with notes on earlier & N. Caroll, originating from E. Ecuador, confusion over their names. found along a road branching off the road from Baeza to Tena, running along the KEYWORDS Napo river westward to Francisco de Orellana ("Coca"), Napo Prov., Ecuador), Caladium clavatum, Caladium praeter­ 22 July 2008, Hetterseheid H.AR.529-T missum, 'Hilo Beauty', Araceae. (holotype, WAG, spiriteol!.). Plate 1. INTRODUCTION Diagnosis For many decades two Caladium species A congeneribus ceteris tubere propagulis have been in cultivation under a variety of longis rhizomatiformibus, pistillis proxima­ names. One of these is usually cultivated libus partibus stylinis lateraliter connatis under the name Aloeasia 'Hilo Beauty' in differt. Europe and in the United States of America. Plant a seasonally dormant herb. Under­ It was also pictured in the several editions ground part a depressed-globose tuber, of A. B. Graf's 'Exotica' under that name. 9 cm in diam., 7 cm high, top truncated, This species does not flower very often and producing annual, rhizomatous offsets; in over forty years it has only flowered offsets to 11 em long and .8 cm in diam., twice in the Botanical Garden of Munich. terete throughout or with an apical tuber. The other is known in cultivation incor­ Flowering at the end of the vegetative rectly, as Caladium hieolor (Aiton) Vent. period or directly after dormancy and then var. rubieundum Eng!. Both taxa are without leaves. Leaf long-petiolate; petiole undescribed species of Caladium and are to 90 cm long, to 1.5 cm in diam., dark introduced and established here with new brownish purple with darker spots, paler names. when older; lamina broadly obeordate, peltate, 15-60 em long, 10-45 em wide, Caladium clavatum Hett., Bogn. & J. top broadly acute, aristate, upper surface Boos sp. nov. dark green with whitish spots in young Type: collected from a living plant, plants, older plants greenish violet with a cultivated in the Botanical Gardens of greyish waxy hue and small, irregularly \XI. L. A. I-I ETIERSC HEID, J BOGNER, J. BOOS, 2009 127 Plate 1 Caladiu m clavalum; upper left - tuber; upper right - leaf upper surfa ce; lower left ­ inflorescence; lower right - spad ix partl y exposed, showing peltate synandrodes. Photographs: W.L.A. Hette rscheid . 128 AROIDEANA, Vol. 32 angulate pinkish spots, primary and major cal, stalk-like base, 1-3 mm long, decreas­ lateral veins prominent, raised, deep violet ing in length in the upper parts of the sterile to maroon, lower surface greyish purple. zone, and an irregular to suborbicular, Inflorescence single or two, flowering more or less flattened upper part, the latter shortly after each other and producing a 1 mm high, 2-3 mm in diam., off-white, strong sweet scent during female anthesis; entire or with a small central depression or peduncle shorter than petioles, 35-40 cm irregular grooves radiating from the centre, long, .7-.8 mm in diam., smooth, dull dark oval to subangulate or irregular in upper greyish purple with a pale grey wax-layer; view. Pollen in monads (pers. comm. M. spathe 13-19 cm long, base and limb Grayum to J. Boos). Infructescences un­ separated by a strong constriction; base known. strongly convolute, ovoid, 4-5 cm long, 3- 3.5 cm in diam. (closed), 12-13 cm wide Distribution when spread, outside dull dirty greenish with or without a purple flush, at the base ECUADOR, Napo Prov.; BOLIVIA (but dark pink or not, near the margins bright see note 2). pink to whitish or dirty green, all parts covered by a wax layer, inside deep dark Etymology maroon, very glossy; limb oblique, upper The species epithet "clavatum" refers to part revolute, ovate, 9-15 cm long, 5- the shape of the synandrodes of this new 6.5 cm wide, top acute or obtuse with a species. very small acute apiculum, margins revo­ Note 1: Engler's name Caladium bieolor lute, inside white with margins pale pink or var. rubieundum Eng!. (Flor. Bras., pink all over, outside very pale green with 1872:181; plate 41) was used when this pale pinkish flushes. Spadix slightly shorter species was introduced to the horticultural than spathe, 11.5-13.5 cm long, base public, probably in the 1973 Edition of obliquely inserted on the spathe base; Graf's Exotica, using a picture of a single female zone cylindric-fusiform, 23-26 mm leaf tagged "Caladium bicolor rubieunda". long, 12-13 mm in diam. at the middle, top and base slightly attenuated, flowers dense­ However C. clavatum is by no means a ly crowded; sterile zone more or less form of C. bieolor since the latter has sessile cylindric or conical, 2-4 cm long, 14 mm synandrodes, free styles, a peduncle longer in diam. at the base, 10 mm in diam. at the than the petioles, no scent and does not top, entirely covered by synandrodes, these produce rhizomatous offsets. more or less distant; male zone conical with The rhizomatous offset development is a attenuated and subcylindric basal part, 7- unique character setting C. clavatum apart 7.5 cm long, 13-16 mm in diam. near the from all other Caladium species, and the base of the conical part, the latter slightly fusion of adjacent stylar regions is also a bilaterally compressed, subacute, covered character of this species unique in the all over by densely crowded synandria. Araceae. In Syngonium, a genus phyloge­ Pistils elongate, cylindric, 3 mm long, netically closely related to Caladium, all .8 mm in diam.; ovary 2 mm long, free; the gynoecia are fused entirely in one stylar region 1 mm long, those of adjacent inflorescence. pistils laterally fused to form a (dis-)contin­ For differences with C. praetermissum n. uous layer; stigma more or less orbicular, sp., see below. .6-.8 mm in diam., .1 mm thick, shallowly Note 2: the natural distribution of C. corrugate, off-white. Synandria peltate, clavatum in S. America remains unknown. consisting of 4-5 stamens, 2.5 mm long, Since many Caladium species have been 2-3 mm in diam., irregular angulate and moved around by humans as so-called lobed in upper view. Synandrodes elon­ "indian charm" plants (Rodway, 1917), gate, more or less clavate (lower ones) to their present distribution may be entirely subpeltate, 2-4 mm long, with an obconi- or partly artificial, where plants escaped w. L. A. HETIERSCHEID,). BOGNER,). BOOS, 2009 129 from villages and established themselves in thin and inconspicuous. Cataphylls 13- the surrounding ecosystems. 19 cm long. Peduncle ca. 25 cm long and .3-.4 cm in diam., same color as petiole. Caladium praetermissum Bogn. & Hett. Spathe 10 cm long, only very slightly sp. nov. constricted, limb of spathe cream-colored, Alocasia 'Hilo Beauty' (in Graf, 1985) apex mucronate, ca. 3 mm long. Spadix much shorter than spathe, ca. 5 cm long; Type: collected from a living plant, female zone ca. 2 cm long and 6 mm in grown in the Munich Botanical Garden, diam.; sterile zone with synandrodes be­ origin unknown (only known in cultiva­ tween female and male flowers .8-1.0 cm tion), May 1981, Bogner 1557 (holotype, long and ca. 2 mm in diam.; male zone 1.8- M), Plate 2. 2.0 cm long and ca. 3 mm in diam., fertile to apex, apex acute. Flowers unisexual, Diagnosis naked. Female flowers densely arranged, A Caladio bicolore caule rhizomatoso stigma orbicular, nearly as broad as ovary, crasso, foliis dilute viridibus maculis maior­ .9-1.0 mm in diam., slightly depressed in ibus irregulariter albis aut cremeis vel the center. Synandria somewhat densely aliquantum cinereis, synandriis c1avatis arranged, lower ones more or less elliptic inter floribus femineis et masculis differt. and upper ones lobed in upper view, .7- Evergreen herb. Underground part a .8 mm in diam., thecae lateral. Synan­ thick rhizome, 3.5-18 cm long and 2.5- drodes loosely arranged, subclavate to 8.0 cm in diam., suberect to erect, outside peltate, ca. .8 mm long and stipe ca. brown, producing few short rhizomatous .3 mm in diam., widened at top and there offsets. Petiole nearly terete, the ventral ca . .5 mm in diam., flattened, orbicular in side somewhat flattened, 34-108 cm long upper view. Infructescences unknown. and (.5-) .7-1.5 cm in diam., uniformly Chromosomes: 2n = 28. purple-colored or purplish, only the upper part slightly paler; sheath 10-35 cm long. Etymology Leaf blade cordate-peltate, membranous, The species epithet ''jJraetermissum'' 21-42 cm long and 14-31 cm wide, pale means overlooked or forgotten, referring green to mid green, with larger, irregular to it being considered an Alocasia for a cream-colored to somewhat greyish spots long time. (spots darkening with age of the leaves) on upper surface, lower surface much paler; Cultivation spots translucent, apex cuspidate, basal lobes 6-13 cm long and rounded, sinus C. praetermissum is an evergreen herb (at base) v-shaped and 4-10 cm deep, which grows well in a pot in light, humus­ insertion of petiole 2-3 cm below the sinus, rich soil but needs warm (greenhouse-) venation reticulate, midrib strong, on each conditions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bruxner Park Flora Reserve Working Plan
    Bruxner Park Flora Reserve Working Plan Working Plan for Bruxner Park Flora Reserve No 3 Upper North East Forest Agreement Region North East Region Contents Page 1. DETAILS OF THE RESERVE 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Location 2 1.3 Key Attributes of the Reserve 2 1.4 General Description 2 1.5 History 6 1.6 Current Usage 8 2. SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT 9 2.1 Objectives of Management 9 2.2 Management Strategies 9 2.3 Management Responsibility 11 2.4 Monitoring, Reporting and Review 11 3. LIST OF APPENDICES 11 Appendix 1 Map 1 Locality Appendix 1 Map 2 Cadastral Boundaries, Forest Types and Streams Appendix 1 Map 3 Vegetation Growth Stages Appendix 1 Map 4 Existing Occupation Permits and Recreation Facilities Appendix 2 Flora Species known to occur in the Reserve Appendix 3 Fauna records within the Reserve Y:\Tourism and Partnerships\Recreation Areas\Orara East SF\Bruxner Flora Reserve\FlRWP_Bruxner.docx 1 Bruxner Park Flora Reserve Working Plan 1. Details of the Reserve 1.1 Introduction This plan has been prepared as a supplementary plan under the Nature Conservation Strategy of the Upper North East Ecologically Sustainable Forest Management (ESFM) Plan. It is prepared in accordance with the terms of section 25A (5) of the Forestry Act 1916 with the objective to provide for the future management of that part of Orara East State Forest No 536 set aside as Bruxner Park Flora Reserve No 3. The plan was approved by the Minister for Forests on 16.5.2011 and will be reviewed in 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Alocasia (Araceae: Colocasieae) for Thailand Including a Novel Species and New Species Records from South-West Thailand
    THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 36: 1–17. 2008. A review of Alocasia (Araceae: Colocasieae) for Thailand including a novel species and new species records from South-West Thailand PETER C. BOYCE* ABSTRACT. A review of Alocasia in Thailand is presented. One new species (A. hypoleuca) and three new records (A. acuminata, A. hypnosa & A. perakensis) are reported. A key to Alocasia in Thailand is presented and the new species is illustrated. INTRODUCTION Alocasia is a genus of in excess of 100 species of herbaceous, laticiferous, diminutive to gigantic, usually robust herbs. The genus has recently been revised for New Guinea (Hay, 1990), Australasia (Hay & Wise, 1991), West Malesia and Sulawesi (Hay, 1998), the Philippines (Hay, 1999) while post main-treatment novelties have been described for New Guinea (Hay, 1994) Borneo (Hay, Boyce & Wong, 1997; Hay, 2000; Boyce, 2007) & Sulawesi (Yuzammi & Hay, 1998). Currently the genus is least well understood in the trans-Himalaya (NE India to SW China) including the northern parts of Burma, Thailand, Lao PDR and Vietnam with only the flora of Bhutan (Noltie, 1994) partly covering this range. In the absence of extensive fieldwork the account presented here for Thailand can at best be regarded as provisional. STRUCTURE & TERMINOLOGY Alocasia plants are often complex in vegetative and floral structure and some notes on their morphology (based here substantially on Hay, 1998) are useful to aid identification. The stem of Alocasia, typically of most Araceae, is a physiognomically unbranched sympodium. The number of foliage leaves per module is variable between and within species and individuals, but during flowering episodes in some species it may be reduced to one.
    [Show full text]
  • WIAD CONSERVATION a Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity
    WIAD CONSERVATION A Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity WIAD CONSERVATION A Handbook of Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 2 Ohu Map ...................................................................................................................................... 3 History of WIAD Conservation ...................................................................................................... 4 WIAD Legends .............................................................................................................................. 7 The Story of Julug and Tabalib ............................................................................................................... 7 Mou the Snake of A’at ........................................................................................................................... 8 The Place of Thunder ........................................................................................................................... 10 The Stone Mirror ................................................................................................................................. 11 The Weather Bird ................................................................................................................................ 12 The Story of Jelamanu Waterfall .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Leaf Variegation in Caladium Steudneriifolium (Araceae): a Case of Mimicry?
    Evol Ecol (2009) 23:503–512 DOI 10.1007/s10682-008-9248-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Leaf variegation in Caladium steudneriifolium (Araceae): a case of mimicry? Ulf Soltau Æ Stefan Do¨tterl Æ Sigrid Liede-Schumann Received: 27 November 2007 / Accepted: 25 February 2008 / Published online: 6 March 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract The leaves of Caladium steudneriifolium (Araceae) of the understorey of a submontane rainforest in the Podocarpus National Park (South East Ecuador, 1,060 m a.s.l.) are plain green or patterned with whitish variegation. Of the 3,413 individual leaves randomly chosen and examined in April 2003, two-thirds were plain green, whereas one third were variegated (i.e., whitish due to absence of chloroplasts). Leaves of both morphs are frequently attacked by mining moth caterpillars. Our BLAST analysis based on Cytochrome-c-Oxidase-subunit-1 sequences suggests that the moth is possibly a member of the Pyraloidea or another microlepidopteran group. It was observed that the variegated leaf zones strongly resemble recent damages caused by mining larvae and therefore may mimic an attack by moth larvae. Infestation was significantly 4–12 times higher for green leaves than for variegated leaves. To test the hypothesis that variegation can be interpreted as mimicry to deter ovipositing moths, we first ruled out the possibility that variegation is a function of canopy density (i.e., that the moths might be attracted or deterred by factors unrelated to the plant). Then plain green leaves were artificially variegated and the number of mining larvae counted after 3 months.
    [Show full text]
  • Leaf Blotching in Caladium
    HORTSCIENCE 44(1):40–43. 2009. (Deng and Harbaugh, 2006; Wilfret, 1986). The presence of leaf spots is controlled by a single locus with two alleles that are inherited Leaf Blotching in Caladium (Araceae) independently from leaf shape but closely linked with the color of the main vein (Deng Is Under Simple Genetic Control and et al., 2008). Another major foliar trait in caladium is Tightly Linked to Vein Color leaf blotching, the occurrence of numerous irregularly shaped color areas between major Zhanao Deng1 and Brent K. Harbaugh veins on leaf blades. Leaf blotches may University of Florida, IFAS, Environmental Horticulture Department, appear singly or coalesce to large areas of Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 14625 County Road 672, coloration, up to several inches on mature leaves. This pattern of coloration in combi- Wimauma, FL 33598 nation with bright colors has resulted in Additional index words. Caladium ·hortulanum, leaf characteristics, inheritance, breeding, attractive, highly valued and desired cala- ornamental aroids dium cultivars, including Carolyn Whorton and White Christmas. With large pink or Abstract. Cultivated caladiums (Caladium ·hortulanum Birdsey) are valued as important white blotches, ‘Carolyn Whorton’ and pot and landscape plants because of their bright, colorful leaves. Improving leaf ‘White Christmas’ have been the most pop- characteristics or generating new combinations of these characteristics has been one of ular fancy-leaved pink or white cultivars the most important breeding objectives in caladium. A major leaf characteristic in (Bell et al., 1998; Deng et al., 2005). Interest caladium is leaf blotching, the presence of numerous irregularly shaped color areas in incorporating this coloration pattern into between major veins on leaf blades.
    [Show full text]
  • PJS Special Issue Cuevas and Briones.Indd
    Philippine Journal of Science 142: 69-82, Special Issue ISSN 0031 - 7683 Date Received: ?? ???????? 2013 Role of Light in the Life Stages of Mt. Makiling Populations of Alocasia zebrina, An Endangered Philippine Plant Species1 Niko Niño G. Briones and Virginia C. Cuevas Institute of Biological Sciences (IBS), College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), College, Laguna, the Philippines Populations of Alocasia zebrina growing in a secondary forest on Mt. Makiling were studied to determine the influences of sunlight on its life stage development. The study site was dominated by Swietenia macrophylla in association with some members of Palm family. Large canopy gaps were present that allowed ground penetration of high light intensity. The life stages of Alocasia zebrina were identified to be, namely seed, juvenile, adult vegetative and adult sexually mature, based mainly on the number of mature leaves and reproductive capability. Statistical analyses showed a positive correlation between the number of mature leaves and the increase of total monthly minutes of sunshine. Furthermore, the field data analysis suggested that light plays a major role in determining not only where A. zebrina population will be established, but also the rate at which an individual can complete an entire life cycle. Key Words: Alocasia zebrina, life stages, light intensity, Araceae, vegetation, endangered Philippine plant species INTRODUCTION petiole attached to the end of the midrib and extends up to 1.1 m has varying shades of distinct green and brown Except for A. macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don, all indigenous oblique streaks. The colours and design of the petiole with species in the genus Alocasia are endemic in the stripe has earned its local name as ‘gabing tigre’.
    [Show full text]
  • The Exclusively Neotropical Genus Scaphispatha Was Formerly Considered Monospecific. the Type Species
    A REVISION OF SCAPHISPATHA (ARACEAE – CALADIEAE) INCLUDING A NEW SPECIES Eduardo Gomes Gonçalves1 ABSTRACT (A revision of Scaphispatha (Araceae – Caladieae) including a new species) The formerly considered monospecific genus Scaphispatha (Araceae – Caladieae) is here revised. Scaphispatha robusta E.G.Gonç, a second species for the genus is newly described from the Cerrado Biome and the transition Cerrado- Amazonia. It differs from S. gracilis Brongn. ex Schott by the much more robust petioles and leaves, primary lateral veins drying clearer than the lamina, lateral secondary veins conspicously more prominent than tertiary veins and for the female spadix with 11-15 rows of flowers visible in side view. A key to separate both species is provided, as well as ink illustrations and general remarks on the genus. Key-words: Scaphispatha, Cerrado, Caladieae, Araceae, geophyte. RESUMO (Revisão de Scaphispatha (Araceae – Caladieae), incluíndo a descrição de uma nova espécie para o gênero) O gênero Scaphispatha (Araceae – Caladieae), até então considerado monoespecífico, é aqui revisado. Scaphispatha robusta E.G.Gonç., uma segunda espécie para o gênero é descrita para o bioma Cerrado e a transição Cerrado-Amazonia. Difere de S. gracilis Brongn. ex Schott pelos pecíolos e folhas muito mais robustas, nervuras laterais mais claras que o limbo quando secas, nervuras laterais secundárias mais proemi- nentes que as terciárias e pela porção feminina do espádice com 11-15 espirais de flores visíveis em vista lateral. Uma chave para separar as espécies, assim como ilustrações em nanquim e aspectos gerais para o gênero são apresentados. Palavras-chave: Scaphispatha, Cerrado, Caladieae, Araceae, geófita. INTRODUCTION was recognized when plants from Pará state The exclusively neotropical genus (Northern Brazil) flowered in cultivation.
    [Show full text]
  • Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 52: 1-415 Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Editors Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez and Mark T. Strong Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Washington, DC 2005 ABSTRACT Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro and Mark T. Strong. Monocots and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 52: 415 pages (including 65 figures). The present treatment constitutes an updated revision for the monocotyledon and gymnosperm flora (excluding Orchidaceae and Poaceae) for the biogeographical region of Puerto Rico (including all islets and islands) and the Virgin Islands. With this contribution, we fill the last major gap in the flora of this region, since the dicotyledons have been previously revised. This volume recognizes 33 families, 118 genera, and 349 species of Monocots (excluding the Orchidaceae and Poaceae) and three families, three genera, and six species of gymnosperms. The Poaceae with an estimated 89 genera and 265 species, will be published in a separate volume at a later date. When Ackerman’s (1995) treatment of orchids (65 genera and 145 species) and the Poaceae are added to our account of monocots, the new total rises to 35 families, 272 genera and 759 species. The differences in number from Britton’s and Wilson’s (1926) treatment is attributed to changes in families, generic and species concepts, recent introductions, naturalization of introduced species and cultivars, exclusion of cultivated plants, misdeterminations, and discoveries of new taxa or new distributional records during the last seven decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Alocasia Macrorrhiza / Similar Spp
    Alocasia macrorrhiza / Similar spp . Usually prostrate or semi-prostrate at ground level; can grow to a metre high, without support. Common name: . Native to Malaysia, SE Asia and N. Australia. Alocasia, Cunjevoi, Elephant ears, . The flower heads are a spike of pale yellow- Giant taro, green flowers along the upper part of a stout stalk - spadex - and surrounded by a cream- Palatability to Livestock: coloured, hood-shaped spathe, in summer. Not known to be eaten. Berries are red, yellow or orange when ripe. Found growing wild in Queensland and Toxicity to Other Species: northern NSW, in moist gullies. Toxic to all animals, stock, humans and pets. Stock are not attracted to this plant in the fresh state; it may have a sweet smell. Poisonous Principle: . Sap is very corrosive to mucous membranes. Cyanogenetic glucocides, . Sharp needles of oxalate are found in the plant. Oxalate crystals, . A cuprea, Giant caladium. Unknown toxins. Effects: Signs and symptoms; . Intense irritation to, and swelling of, the lips, tongue, mouth, and throat. Health and Production Problems; . Recovery in most cases. Can be stinging or corrosive to humans when handled. Juice from leaf or rhizome can cause intense conjunctivitis or temporary blindness. Alocasia. Treatment; Picture: Helen Simmonds, Calga, NSW. Unknown, rinse with water. See Doctor or Vet. Integrated Control Strategy: . Garden plant escapee, . All parts are potentially irritant. Use herbicides, or weed out into disposable bags. Do not feed this plant to any livestock. Comments: Cunjevoi. A large perennial garden plant, with a thick Picture: Helen Simmonds. Calga, NSW. rootstock and thick stems, with a height and spread of about 2.5 metres.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas, Part 3
    ; Fig. 170. Solandra longiflora (Solanaceae). 7. Solanum Linnaeus Annual or perennial, armed or unarmed herbs, shrubs, vines or trees. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, sessile or petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary, extra-axillary or terminal raceme, cyme, corymb or panicle. Flowers regular, or sometimes irregular; calyx (4-) 5 (-10)- toothed; corolla rotate, 5 (-6)-lobed. Stamens 5, exserted; anthers united over the style, dehiscing by 2 apical pores. Fruit a 2-celled berry; seeds numerous, reniform. Key to Species 1. Trees or shrubs; stems armed with spines; leaves simple or lobed, not pinnately compound; inflorescence a raceme 1. S. macranthum 1. Vines; stems unarmed; leaves pinnately compound; inflorescence a panicle 2. S. seaforthianum 1. Solanum macranthum Dunal, Solanorum Generumque Affinium Synopsis 43 (1816). AARDAPPELBOOM (Surinam); POTATO TREE. Shrub or tree to 9 m; stems and leaves spiny, pubescent. Leaves simple, toothed or up to 10-lobed, to 40 cm. Inflorescence a 7- to 12-flowered raceme. Corolla 5- or 6-lobed, bluish-purple, to 6.3 cm wide. Range: Brazil. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). 2. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews, Botanists Repository 8(104): t.504 (1808). POTATO CREEPER. Vine to 6 m, with petiole-tendrils; stems and leaves unarmed, glabrous. Leaves pinnately compound with 3-9 leaflets, to 20 cm. Inflorescence a many- flowered panicle. Corolla 5-lobed, blue, purple or pinkish, to 5 cm wide. Range:South America. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). Sterculiaceae Monoecious, dioecious or polygamous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple to palmately compound, petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary panicle, raceme, cyme or thyrse.
    [Show full text]
  • Diseases of Edible Aroids in India and Their Management
    Diseases of Edible Aroids in India and Aroids: Plants belonging to the family Araceae their Management Among cultivable tropical tuber crops, the following are commercially cultivated edible aroids in India: 1. Amorphophalus paeoniifolius 2. Colocasia (C.esculenta var.esculenta and C.esculenta R.S.Misra var.antiquorum): Dasheen and Eddoe types Central Tuber Crops Research Institute Trivandrum (India) 3. Xanthosoma (Tannia) 4. Alocasia Amorphophallus tubers Amorphophallus mosaic disease and crop 1 Amorphophallus Mosaic Disease Collar rot of Amorphophallus Primary spread is through planting material. Secondary spread of the disease is through insect vectors, Myzus persicae Sulz., Aphis gossypii Glover, A. craccivora Koch. and Pentalonia nigronervosa coq. Disease symptoms include mosaic mottling of leaves and distortion of leaf lamina. Corms produced by the mottled plants are much smaller than those without mottled leaves. Management: Use of virus free planting material, spraying of systemic insecticides to prevent secondary spread Leaf blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae Storage diseases in Amorphophallus 2 Management of Amorphophallus Diseases Major taro types in India •Use of healthy planting material without any apparent rotting symptoms •Treatment of the whole/cut tubers with cow-dung slurry mixed with Trichoderma before planting •Application of Trichoderma enriched compost in pits/field •Application of neem-cake @ 250g/pit •One foliar spray with Mancozeb (0.2%) and fenithrion (0.05%) at 60 and 90 DAP Taro Cultivation Field view
    [Show full text]
  • A REVIEW Summary Dieffenbachia May Well Be the Most Toxic Genus in the Arace
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 5 (1982) 293 - 302 293 DIEFFENBACH/A: USES, ABUSES AND TOXIC CONSTITUENTS: A REVIEW JOSEPH ARDITTI and ELOY RODRIGUEZ Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717 (US.A.) (Received December 28, 1980; accepted June 30, 1981) Summary Dieffenbachia may well be the most toxic genus in the Araceae. Cal­ cium oxalate crystals, a protein and a nitrogen-free compound have been implicated in the toxicity, but the available evidence is unclear. The plants have also been used as food, medicine, stimulants, and to inflict punishment. Introduction Dieffenbachia is a very popular ornamental plant which belongs to the Araceae. One member of the genus, D. seguine, was cultivated in England before 1759 (Barnes and Fox, 1955). At present the variegated D. picta and its numerous cultivars are most popular. The total number of Dieffenbachia plants in American homes is estimated to be in the millions. The plants can be 60 cm to 3 m tall, and have large spotted and/or variegated (white, yellow, green) leaves that may be 30 - 45 cm long and 15 - 20 cm wide. They grow well indoors and in some areas outdoors. Un­ fortunately, however, Dieffenbachia may well be the most toxic genus in the Araceae, a family known for its poisonous plants (Fochtman et al., 1969; Pam el, 1911 ). As a result many children (Morton, 1957, 1971 ), adults (O'Leary and Hyattsville, 1964), and pets are poisoned by Dieffenbachia every year (Table 1 ). Ingestion of even a small portion of stem causes a burn­ ing sensation as well as severe irritation of the mouth, throat and vocal cords (Pohl, 1955).
    [Show full text]