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AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL NIGERIA II 3 NIGERIA Shariacracy on Trial Advocates of Sharia Face a Northern Lights Reckoning This Year

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AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL NIGERIA II 3 NIGERIA Shariacracy on Trial Advocates of Sharia Face a Northern Lights Reckoning This Year www.africa-confidential.com 31 August 2001 Vol 42 No 17 AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL NIGERIA II 3 NIGERIA Shariacracy on trial Advocates of Sharia face a Northern lights reckoning this year. The poverty The north wants to rule again but its two strongest candidates are and frustration that drives support deadly rivals for Sharia in the north may yet General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida is once more at the centre of Nigerian politics. As he celebrated overwhelm the politicians who have adopted it as a tactic for addressing his 60th birthday in Saudi Arabia on 17 August, many northern Nigerians were asking him to run for the popular discontent. Questions are national leadership, to reverse what they see as the region’s marginalisation under the southern President, being asked about why no Olusegun Obasanjo. ‘IBB’ is the wealthiest and probably the most influential of the six northern leaders government officials from the who wish to restore the region’s political dominance. notoriously corrupt public service Babangida’s wife, Maryam Babangida, had planned a grand birthday at the family mansion in are being brought to trial in Sharia courts. Minna, Niger State. This was reluctantly abandoned when her husband judged a star-studded party provocative. It would have played badly in the newspapers, which report growing demands for Babangida to appear before the Chukwuifudu Oputa Panel (AC Vol 42 No 15) to respond to allegations NIGERIA III 3 of involvement in the murder of journalist Dele Giwa in October 1986. Friends and business associates confirm that Babangida is considering running for the presidency. How Sharia spread The question is when. In 2003, he would almost certainly be up against Obasanjo, who would enjoy the Within 18 months of the return to advantages of incumbency and the machinery of the People’s Democratic Party which, though unimpressive, civil rule, all the north-western state is much stronger than those of the rivals, the Alliance for Democracy and the All People’s Party. Obasanjo governments had extended Sharia could hardly match IBB’s war chest; he is not rich as Nigerian politicians go, yet his re-election campaign from civil to criminal jurisdiction. The campaign for Sharia is yet will surely raise the necessary naira. another popular strike against the shaky federal system. Friends of Ibrahim No one knows which, if any, of the political associations linked to Babangida will be registered as political BURUNDI 5 parties: Saleh Jambo’s National Security Association; Edwin Ime Ezeoke’s National Frontiers; Augustus Aikhomu’s Fourth Dimension; Musa Musawa’s Northern Elements Progressive Union. A sort of peace Forging any or all of them in two years into viable rivals to Obasanjo’s PDP would be tough. Yet Babangida wants to put down a marker soon. His political advisors have been telling him that more After three years of wrangling, it trouble in the oil-producing Niger Delta or renewed Christian-Muslim clashes in the north or Middle Belt has been agreed that the current head of state, Major Buyoya, will could clear the path for political and religious radicals who see Obasanjo and Babangida as their common stay at the helm for another 18 enemy, the candidates of the conservative military-backed ruling class. months, after which a Hutu Babangida’s eight-year record in government includes failed political and economic reforms, the candidate will take over for the annulling of the 1993 elections after the late Moshood Abiola had won them and gaps in the accounting second half of a three-year for billions of dollars of oil receipts. However, the Babangidists say that Obasanjo has failed to turn transition. But two coup attempts in the past five months show the around the economic and political havoc wreaked by two decades of military rule or to build on the fragility of support for Buyoya – northern vote that elected him in 1999, when many of his own Yoruba people in the south-west rejected even among his fellow Tutsi. him. Far from rewarding the north, he has removed key northerners from the senior ranks of the army, civil service and state-owned corporations. He has done little to redress the poverty and illiteracy that GHANA 6 afflict the north more than his Yoruba south-west and the Ibo-dominated south-east. He has stridently opposed the extension in the north of Sharia (Islamic law) to cover criminal offences, which many Reality checks Muslims see as the best way to fight crime and corruption. Atiku Abubakar, Vice-President and Obasanjo’s key man on the northern front, has attracted an Eight months into his first term, the impressive list of enemies there, with Babangida near the top. In May, Obasanjo’s National Security glister is coming off John Kufuor’s presidency. He faces problems of Advisor, Aliyu Mohammed Gusau, brought Babangida together with Atiku and Obasanjo to discuss party management, economic their differences. Atiku was quiet for most of the encounter. Obasanjo and Babangida, who were soldiers strategy, and investigating the together for almost two decades, had a discussion of sorts and could possibly make a deal; political misdeeds of the previous regime. insiders insist that IBB backed Obasanjo’s presidential candidacy in 1999, partly to help his own political rehabilitation. The two men met again this month to discuss Babangida’s appearance before the Oputa POINTERS 8 Panel and are believed to have agreed that all former officers, including Obasanjo, should testify about specific human rights charges. Namibia, Angola, Last year, Atiku brought the governors of the 19 northern states to a rally in Kaduna, partly to buttress his credentials as spiritual successor to the late Sardauna of Sokoto, Ahmadu Bello. In the 1960s, Bello was lauded UK/Africa & Congo- for extending Western education in the north and negotiating a compromise over a Sharia-based civil legal Brazzaville system. Much has changed since then. Many northern Muslims regard Atiku as on the wrong side of the Sharia 31 August 2001 Africa Confidential Vol 42 No 17 NIGER Lake Another former military leader, Gen. Muhammadu Buhari, lauds Sokoto Chad the virtues of Sharia and shares platforms with northern opposition Katsina figures. He harbours grudges against Obasanjo and Babangida for Kano Jigawa Zamfara Yobe Maiduguri their role in the overthrow of his military regime in August 1985. Kano Kebbi Borno Katsina-born Buhari earned the animosity of the Yar’Adua clan and Zaria Atiku by failing to speak out when the late general was gaoled by the BENIN Bauchi Kaduna Gombe Kaduna Abacha regime. Buhari eventually took over the directorship of the Niger a NIGERIA w K a Petroleum Trust Fund, set up by Abacha and accused of corruption and w Plateau m ar a a ABUJA d inefficiency. Obasanjo has scrapped the PTF and launched an Ilorin A Ogbomosho Nassarawa investigation which will at least embarrass Buhari. Oyo Oshogbo Taraba Iwo Ekiti As military ruler, Buhari cut a hardline ascetic figure, which makes Ado-Ekiti Kogi Ibadan Ilesha Abeokuta Osun Benue him a more convincing promoter of Sharia than its front-line advocate, Ogun Ondo Mushin Enugu Edo Enugu CAMEROON Ahmed Sani, Governor of Zamfara State and a flamboyant figure Lagos Anambra Onitsha Ebonyi known for conspicuous consumption. On 26 August, Buhari told the Abia Cross Delta Imo River Supreme Council for Sharia in Nigeria that Islamic jurisprudence The twelve states which 300 kilometres Rivers Akwa Bayelsa Ibom have adopted the Islamic should be rooted in all 36 states of the federation, arguing that Sharia, Port 150 miles Harcourt (Sharia) criminal code adopted with the support of mainstream Muslims, would be a bulwark against religious extremism. debate, obeying the southern Christian President Obasanjo. As Vice- Buhari has also shared a platform with Abubakar Rimi, a former President, he has watched as northern prestige and power flowed into the Governor of Kano State; they excoriated the Obasanjo government for hands of the first elected southern head of state. being anti-north, which is odd because, in 1994, Buhari’s military Some of Obasanjo’s most successful initiatives in the north don’t regime gaoled Rimi for misuse of office and grand corruption. Rimi, involve Atiku, such as his encouragement of the Arewa Consultative a formidable jumper on bandwagons, at first cooperated with the Forum under former police chief and Islamic scholar Mohammed military regimes of Babangida and Abacha, then fell out with them and Dikko Yusufu. Arewa, which is a northern lobby group, has had a appeared as an anti-military northern radical. In 1999, foreseeing series of meetings with political leaders in the south-eastern group Obasanjo’s victory, he promised to deliver Kano State to him – then Ohaneze Ndigbo, and the south-western group Afenifere to address was disappointed to be offered not a ministerial job but the chairmanship issues threatening the Nigerian federation. M.D. Yusufu, who was one of the Nigerian Mint. Now, he makes the most of his new political of few to challenge the late Gen. Sani Abacha’s attempts to win a partner Buhari and backs a dissident faction within the governing PDP bogus electoral mandate, has credibility across the country as a calling for a northern candidate (name: Abubakar Rimi) in 2003. Even nationalist. Part of the appeal of ‘M.D.’ is that, unlike Atiku, he is seen if Rimi lacks credibility, he and his allies reinforce the accusation that as having no political ambitions. Obasanjo’s government is anti-north. In the 1999 elections, Obasanjo chose Atiku, then Governor of the north-eastern Adamawa State, because he claimed control of the Obstacle course political machine set up by the late Gen.
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