Ethics of Violence in Nigeria

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ethics of Violence in Nigeria ETHICS OF VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA SAMSON ELIAS MIJAH N.C.E., (UNIMAID.), B.Ed., (A.B.U.), M.A., (UNIJOS.). PGA/UJ/11332/00 A thesis in the Department of RELIGIOUS STUDIES, Faculty ofArts. Submitted to the School of Postgraduate Studies, University of Jos, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF JOS OCTOBER 2005 ii CERTIFICATION This is to certify that the research work for this thesis and subsequent preparation of this thesis by Samson Elias Mijah (PGA/UJ/11332/00) were carried out under my supervision. _________________________ ________________________ Supervisor Head of Department Professor Cyril O. Imo (Ph.D) Rev. J.M. Kangdim (Ph.D) _________________________ ________________________ Dean, Faculty of Arts Internal Examiner _________________________ ________________________ External Examiner Dean, School of Post- Graduate Studies. iii DECLARATION I, Samson Elias Mijah, do hereby declare that, apart from the references cited in this work, for which I have duly acknowledged, this work is the result of my own research. To the best of my knowledge, this thesis has neither in whole nor in part been presented for another Doctorate Degree (Ph.D) elsewhere. _____________________ SAMSON ELIAS MIJAH OCTOBER 2005 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My gratitude goes first, to God Almighty who graciously sustained me through the rigours, pains and joy of this terminal degree of a Ph.D. I acknowledge with thanks, the indefatigable supervisory role of Professor Cyril O. Imo, of the Department of Religious Studies, University of Jos. He has at several times availed himself to me for pure academic digest in respect to this thesis. On several occasions, he also gave me the opportunity of using his library. I remember with respect the love and concern of my parents, Reverend Elias Mijah and Mrs. Na’omi Elias Mijah. They were most understanding throughout the difficult period of my absence. I really missed their parental warmth. I acknowledge the courageous efforts of my humble wife, Alice Samson Mijah and our children, Reuben, Sondimba, Yinasim and our Twin-daughters, Peace and Praise. They really missed my fatherly care and love as a result of my frequent absence, even though some of them could not really understand the reason for that. To the authorities of Federal College of Education Yola, I say thank you for granting me study fellowship despite the competitive openings within the College. Of great importance also is the Head of my Department, Mr. Blo Johnson Malgwa, Mr. Douglas Jalo, the Dean, School of Arts and Social Sciences, Mrs. Saratu J. Malgwa and Mr. John Kwayas, who took the responsibility of teaching my courses in my absence. I also thank Mr. N.I. Luku of the v Department of Social Studies, F.C.E. Yola, for his elderly advice and moral support. One of the most interesting parts of my Ph.D programme has been the brain storming sessions during the compulsory seminar presentations. I had the privilege of professorial discussions with the Professors of the Department. Some of these professors included Professor D.N. Wambutda and Professor M.T. Yahya. I also enjoyed the valuable contributions, support and discussions of the remaining Lecturers of the Department. Most notable among these lecturers are Dr. U.H.D. Danfulani, (Reader), Reverend Ibrahim Musa Ahmadu (Reader), Mr. J.D. Gwamna, Dr. Musa A.B. Gaiya and Dr. Danny McCain. They have on several occasions assisted me with relevant literature on my research work even at the time I least expected. I also enjoyed the humorous relationship of every non- teaching staff of the Department of Religious Studies, University of Jos. I thank them for their encouragement and concern over my studies and my family in general. I acknowledge the services of several institutions and research centres. First among these is the Theological College of Northern Nigeria, (T.C.N.N.) Bukuru, Jos. The assistance of the library staff is quite commendable. My gratitude also goes to Rev. Jerry Audu and Rev. A’aron Ndirmbita of the same College for their friendly disposition, spiritual and financial assistance. The libraries of the National War College, Abuja, National Institute of Peace and vi Conflict Resolution, Abuja, National Library, Jos, and Saint Augustine’s Major Seminary, Jos, were immensely useful. I acknowledge the financial assistance of the following people. My brothers, Mr. Zion Elias Mijah and Pandemo Lawi Giwa, my sisters, Mrs. Rita Maiyaki, H.I.E. Mijah and my friends Mr. Nelson T. Hundumofore, Mr. O. A. Okarazo, Mr. Sini Tumba, Mr. Spano Warigon, Mr. Peter Clement, Honorable John Ngamsa and Prince Medan Fwa. I also thank Mr. Habila Miner of Plateau Radio and Television Corporation (P.R.T.V.C.), Jos. He has unceasingly encouraged me academically, morally and financially in the course of my research. Mr. Moses Kundwal of Physics Department Federal College of Education, Yola, has been resourceful. He assiduously took over my fatherly responsibilities, even when things were tough in my absence. May God Almighty bless him. I appreciate the continuous encouragement of my resident Pastor, Dr. Irmiya Tadugorrono of the Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria, Lower Luggere, Jimeta-Yola District. The contribution of Dr. Leonard Kursim Fwa of the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, Kuru, Jos, is worth mentioning. He assisted me with much literature and gave financial assistance. I am highly indebted to my Ph.D colleagues and postgraduate students of the Department of Religious Studies, University of Jos. Worthy of mention is my classmate and dear friend, Late Vincent Danlami Parlong who died in the course vii of our Ph.D programme. He had successfully been upgraded from M. Phil., to full Ph.D status when the claws of death took him away. I enjoyed his friendly disposition and transparent honesty. I missed his critical and academic discussions of our research areas. Other colleagues are Mrs. Magdalyn A. Mbawerem, Mr. Simon Mwadkwon, Mr. James Kiamu and Mr. Shittu Uhud. They have on several occasions been of assistance to me through various ways. Countless are the anonymous contributors who at several times shared their opinions with me through oral discussions and comments over my topic. Most especially are my respondents and those who assisted in distributing the questionnaire I used in this thesis. To all these people and those not mentioned, I remain indebted. SAMSON E. MIJAH viii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my parents, Reverend Elias Mijah and Mrs. Na’omi Elias Mijah who have been the architects of my education. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TITLE … … … … … … … … … … i DECLARATION … … … … … … … … ii CERTIFICATION … … … … … … … … iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT … … … … … … … iv DEDICATION … … … … … … … … vii TABLE OF CONTENTS … … … … … … … ix LIST OF TABLES … … … … … … … xiv ABBREVIATIONS … … … … … … … … xvi ABSTRACT … … … … … … … … … xix CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY … … … … … 1 1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM … … … … … 2 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY … … … … … 15 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY … … … … … 16 1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY … … … … … 17 1.6 METHODOLOGY … … … … … 18 1.7 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY … … … 21 1.8 CLARIFICATION OF TERMS … … … … … 23 1.8.1 Ethics … … … … … … … … 23 1.8.2 Morality … … … … … … … … 24 1.8.3 Violence … … … … … … … … 25 1.8.4 Justice … … … … … … … … 26 x CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 PREAMBLE … … … … … … … … 28 2.2 SOURCES OF VIOLENCE IN HUMAN BEING … … … 29 2.2.1 Innate Sources of Violence … … … … … 29 2.2.2 External Sources of Violence … … … … … 31 2.3 VARIOUS ATTITUDES TOWARDS VIOLENCE … … … 35 2.3.1 The Inevitability of Violence … … … … … 35 2.3.2 Total Pacifism … … … … … … … 37 2.3.3 Partial pacifism … … … … … … … 40 2.3.4 The Just-war Theory … … … … … … 40 2.4 RELIGIOUS GROUNDS FOR JUSTIFICATION OF VIOLENCE … 42 2.4.1 Doctrine of War and Violence in Theravada Buddhism … … 43 2.4.2 Hinduism and the Doctrine of War and Violence … … … 44 2.4.3 War and Violence in Judaism … … … … … 46 2.4.4 Islam and the Teaching of War and Violence … … … 48 2.4.5 Christian Doctrine on War and Violence … … … … 52 2.5 NON RELIGIOUS GROUNDS FOR JUSTIFICATION OF VIOLENCE 54 2.6 MORALITY AND VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA … … … … 58 2.7 RELEVANCE OF FINDINGS FROM RELATED LITERATURE TO THE STUDY … … … … … 62 CHAPTER THREE: THE PLURALITY OF NIGERIA AND DIFFERENT KINDS OF VIOLENCE 3.1 PREAMBLE … … … … … … … … 66 3.2 DIFFERENT KINDS OF VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA… … … 67 3.2.1 Political Violence in Nigeria from 1960-1979 … … … 67 xi 3.2.2 Religious Violence In Nigeria From 1980-2002 … … … 75 3.2.3 Ethnic Violence in Nigeria … … … … … … 83 3.2.4 Socio-Economic Violence … … … … … … 93 3.2.5 Other Forms of Violence in Nigeria … … … … 94 CHAPTER FOUR: DIFFERENT VALUE SYSTEMS AND VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA 4.1 PREAMBLE … … … … … … … … 97 4.2 DIFFERENT VALUE SYSTEMS INHERITED BY NIGERIANS … 98 4.2.1 Traditional Values and Violence … … … … … … 99 4.2.2 Religious Values and Violence … … … … … 108 4.2.3 Colonial Values and Violence … … … … … 117 4.2.4 Western/Modern Values … … … … … … 126 CHAPTER FIVE: DIFFERENT VALUE SYSTEMS AS SOURCES OF VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA 5.1 PREAMBLE … … … … … … … … 129 5.2 TRADITIONAL CULTURAL VALUES AND THEIR PROPENSITY TO STIMULATE VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA … … 129 5.2.1 Findings from the Questionnaires … … … … … 136 5.2.2 Discussion and Analysis of Findings … … … … 146 5.3 RELIGIOUS VALUES AS SOURCES OF VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA … 153 5.3.1 Findings on Ethics of Violence as it Relates to Religious Violence
Recommended publications
  • Bible Translation and Language Elaboration: the Igbo Experience
    Bible Translation and Language Elaboration: The Igbo Experience A thesis submitted to the Bayreuth International Graduate School of African Studies (BIGSAS), Universität Bayreuth, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Dr. Phil.) in English Linguistics By Uchenna Oyali Supervisor: PD Dr. Eric A. Anchimbe Mentor: Prof. Dr. Susanne Mühleisen Mentor: Prof. Dr. Eva Spies September 2018 i Dedication To Mma Ụsọ m Okwufie nwa eze… who made the journey easier and gave me the best gift ever and Dikeọgụ Egbe a na-agba anyanwụ who fought against every odd to stay with me and always gives me those smiles that make life more beautiful i Acknowledgements Otu onye adịghị azụ nwa. So say my Igbo people. One person does not raise a child. The same goes for this study. I owe its success to many beautiful hearts I met before and during the period of my studies. I was able to embark on and complete this project because of them. Whatever shortcomings in the study, though, remain mine. I appreciate my uncle and lecturer, Chief Pius Enebeli Opene, who put in my head the idea of joining the academia. Though he did not live to see me complete this program, I want him to know that his son completed the program successfully, and that his encouraging words still guide and motivate me as I strive for greater heights. Words fail me to adequately express my gratitude to my supervisor, PD Dr. Eric A. Anchimbe. His encouragements and confidence in me made me believe in myself again, for I was at the verge of giving up.
    [Show full text]
  • Purple Hibiscus
    1 A GLOSSARY OF IGBO WORDS, NAMES AND PHRASES Taken from the text: Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Appendix A: Catholic Terms Appendix B: Pidgin English Compiled & Translated for the NW School by: Eze Anamelechi March 2009 A Abuja: Capital of Nigeria—Federal capital territory modeled after Washington, D.C. (p. 132) “Abumonye n'uwa, onyekambu n'uwa”: “Am I who in the world, who am I in this life?”‖ (p. 276) Adamu: Arabic/Islamic name for Adam, and thus very popular among Muslim Hausas of northern Nigeria. (p. 103) Ade Coker: Ade (ah-DEH) Yoruba male name meaning "crown" or "royal one." Lagosians are known to adopt foreign names (i.e. Coker) Agbogho: short for Agboghobia meaning young lady, maiden (p. 64) Agwonatumbe: "The snake that strikes the tortoise" (i.e. despite the shell/shield)—the name of a masquerade at Aro festival (p. 86) Aja: "sand" or the ritual of "appeasing an oracle" (p. 143) Akamu: Pap made from corn; like English custard made from corn starch; a common and standard accompaniment to Nigerian breakfasts (p. 41) Akara: Bean cake/Pea fritters made from fried ground black-eyed pea paste. A staple Nigerian veggie burger (p. 148) Aku na efe: Aku is flying (p. 218) Aku: Aku are winged termites most common during the rainy season when they swarm; also means "wealth." Akwam ozu: Funeral/grief ritual or send-off ceremonies for the dead. (p. 203) Amaka (f): Short form of female name Chiamaka meaning "God is beautiful" (p. 78) Amaka ka?: "Amaka say?" or guess? (p.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Who Are the Igbo?
    2 Who are the Igbo? - Searching for Origins `The right hand is from Igala, left is Igbo,' said Ibrahim Alleh, whose father is from Igala, while his mother is an Igbo. Ibrahim was introduced to me as a Muslim Igbo. For some time, I had been looking for Igbo who were Islamic, because Christianity is commonly regarded as an Igbo characteristic, and I had become very interested when I heard that a number of Muslim Igbo existed. I decided to try and find out how Igbo Muslims combined an Islamic religious identity with Igbo identity, and also how the Muslim Igbo were perceived by the other, Christian Igbo. However, it turned out that Ibrahim does not consider himself Igbo, although he speaks the language fluently and has some knowledge, through his mother's family, of Igbo festivals and culture. The person who had introduced us was very surprised to learn that Ibrahim did not see himself as an Igbo. Indeed, the expression about the right and left hand, used by Ibrahim, would indicate loyalties to both groups, and the possibility to belong to both. However, Ibrahim told me he could never be a real Igbo, because `Muslims go not to Alusi shrines.' The above case illustrates that ethnic identity is not determined by birth or ancestry. The individual's ethnic identification leaves room for negotiation and cannot simply be assumed by outsiders. Nevertheless, nowadays it is fairly simple to define at least theoretically who is Igbo: An Igbo is somebody who considers himself Igbo, and who has a link to the area in Southeast Nigeria known as Igboland, either because he himself was born there, or because his family and ancestors came from there.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions of Nzuko-Arochukwu to the Socio-Economic Growth of Arochukwu, 1981-2017 Emej
    TOWN UNION AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: CONTRIBUTIONS OF NZUKO-AROCHUKWU TO THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROWTH OF AROCHUKWU, 1981-2017 EMEJULU, Ifeyinwa Department of History and International Studies Faculty of Arts, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka And OKAFOR, Henry Ikenna Department of History and International Studies Faculty of Arts, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Abstract Attempts on community development have been viewed from top-bottom approach, this is responsible for the little gains recorded with national programmes towards community development; hence the need for community participation. This study focuses on the contributions of Nzuko-Arochukwu to the socio-economic growth of Arochukwu. This umbrella body of the Aro has played a pivotal role in the infrastructural, economic, social and political transformation of Arochukwu, a society with rich historical and cultural narratives. Just like other towns in Igbo land, the impact of the Nigerian - Biafra war on Arochukwu was severe leading to massive infrastructural decay. The study appraises the concept of community development using the workings of Nzuko-Arochukwu to explore the prospects of town unions and their challenges in developing their communities. The study used the qualitative method based on critical analysis of events from facts available to the researchers emphasizing the combination of primary and secondary sources which include the use of books and journals. The study adopted the community action theory modeled by Paulo Freire which emphasizes on mobilization for community
    [Show full text]
  • The Abolition of the Slave Trade in Southeastern Nigeria, 1885–1950
    THE ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA, 1885–1950 Toyin Falola, Senior Editor The Frances Higginbotham Nalle Centennial Professor in History University of Texas at Austin (ISSN: 1092–5228) A complete list of titles in the Rochester Studies in African History and the Diaspora, in order of publication, may be found at the end of this book. THE ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA, 1885–1950 A. E. Afigbo UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER PRESS Copyright © 2006 A. E. Afigbo All rights reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation, no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded, or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. First published 2006 University of Rochester Press 668 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA www.urpress.com and Boydell & Brewer Limited PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK www.boydellandbrewer.com ISBN: 1–58046–242–1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Afigbo, A. E. (Adiele Eberechukwu) The abolition of the slave trade in southeastern Nigeria, 1885-1950 / A.E. Afigbo. p. cm. – (Rochester studies in African history and the diaspora, ISSN 1092-5228 ; v. 25) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58046-242-1 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Slavery–Nigeria–History. 2. Slave trade–Nigeria–History. 3. Great Britain–Colonies–Africa–Administration I. Title. HT1394.N6A45 2006 306.3Ј6209669–dc22 2006023536 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. This publication is printed on acid-free paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Money Laundering Convictions
    Annex to Nigeria 2nd Follow up Report Money Laundering Convictions - 1. The EFCC has since its establishment secured a total of twenty-five (25) money laundering convictions based on the Money Laundering Prohibition Act 2004. The convictions and other ongoing prosecutions include: Money Laundering Prosecutions (Including Convictions) for the EFCC No. Case Prosecution Conviction Lagos Zone 1 FRN v. James Onanefe Ibori Yes 2 FRN v. Jolly Tevoru Nyame Yes 3 FRN v. Joshua Chibi Dariye Yes 4 FRN v. Orji Uzor Kalu Yes 5 FRN v. Saminu Turaki Yes 6 FRN v. Lucky Nosakhare Igbenidion Yes 7 FRN v. Michael Botmang Yes 9 FRN v. Chimaroke Nnamani Yes 10 FRN v. Boni Haruna Yes 11 FRN v. Ayodele Fayose Yes 12 FRN v. Rasheed Ladoja Yes 13 FRN v. Sunny Okocha Yes 14 FRN v. Onyekachukwu Nwaigwe Yes Yes 15 FRN v. Abubakar Mayaki Yes 16 FRN v. Valentine Ayika Yes 17 FRN v. Kehinde Adeniyi Yes 18 FRN v. Charles Obi Okeke Yes 19 FRN v. Rita Ada Okoroafor Yes 20 FRN v. Femi Fani-Kayode Yes 21 FRN v. Simon Bako Lalong Yes 22 FRN v. Rahman Fashina Yes 23 FRN v. Adubi Daniel Yes 24 FRN v. Musa Ufedoh Yes 25 FRN v. Solomon Owusu Yes 26 FRN v. Wale Bamidele Yes 27 FRN v. Silas Stephen Uwem Yes 28 FRN v. Abidemi Openiyi Yes 29 FRN v. Emery Williams Yes 30 FRN v. Morankinyo Adekunle Yes 31 FRN v. Joshua Oluwasegun Yes 32 FRN v. Kehinde Soluade Yes 33 FRN v. Ejiwunmi Oluwatobi Basile Yes 34 FRN v.
    [Show full text]
  • The Land Has Changed: History, Society and Gender in Colonial Eastern Nigeria
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2010 The land has changed: history, society and gender in colonial Eastern Nigeria Korieh, Chima J. University of Calgary Press Chima J. Korieh. "The land has changed: history, society and gender in colonial Eastern Nigeria". Series: Africa, missing voices series 6, University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/48254 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 Unported Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca University of Calgary Press www.uofcpress.com THE LAND HAS CHANGED History, Society and Gender in Colonial Eastern Nigeria Chima J. Korieh ISBN 978-1-55238-545-6 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Legislature-Executive Relations in the Presidential System: a Study of Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria, 1999-2011
    Legislature-Executive Relations in the Presidential System: A Study of Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria, 1999-2011 By ONI, Samuel Olorunmaiye CUGP070188 A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science and International Relations, School of Social Sciences, College of Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Ph.D Degree in Political Science May, 2013 i CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this study titled “Legislature-Executive Relations in the Presidential System: A Study of Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria, 1999-2011” was carried out by Oni Samuel O. under our supervision and that the thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree in this or any other university. Professor Remi Anifowose Department of Political Science Signature and Date University of Lagos (Supervisor) Professor Kayode Soremekun Department of Political Science Signature and Date & International Relations College of Development Studies Co-Supervisor ii DECLARATION It is hereby declared that this thesis titled “Legislature-Executive Relations in the Presidential System: A Study of Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria, 1999-2011” was undertaken me, Oni Samuel O. The thesis is based on my original study in the Department of Political Science and International Relations, School of Social Sciences, College of Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota. The views of other researchers have been acknowledged. It is further restated that this work has not been submitted for the award of degree in this or any other institution. Oni Samuel O. Researcher Signature and Date The above declaration is attested to by: Professor Remi Anifowose Supervisor Signature and Date Professor Kayode Soremekun Co-Supervisor Signature and Date Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • ANTI-CORRUPTION Ppolicies in NIGERIA
    DISCUSSION PAPER Anti-Corruption was the declared number one policy aim of the Olusegun Obasanjo administration. The success of this policy was, however, for various reasons not too impressive. Obasanjo's successor, President Umaru Yar'Adua came to power promising to reform and continue the anti-corruption policy. But while the anti-graft agencies continued to arrest and arraign more individuals, including highly placed officials, for corruption, the general public expressed the view that the fight against corruption became increasingly inefficient under Yar'Adua. This paper shows that the positive measures taken by the Yar'Adua government were overshadowed by other observed lapses. The first one has been that the government was patronizing some ex-public officials accused of corruption by the EFCC, especially former governors, who played key roles in his election. Secondly, Yar'Adua also presided over the purge and persecution of popular anti- corruption crusaders, especially Nuhu Rubadu, the former chairman of the EFCC. Thirdly, President Yar'Adu was not forceful enough, notably in his speeches, with his anti-corruption program. For the incoming administration, the paper recommends to make anti-corruption a strong priority and to reduce political intereference in the work of anti-corruption agencies. Foreword “Nigerians agree that corruption in public Abuja and Lagos. Our main working life, which was pronounced under areas are: Supporting democracy and its military rule, has reached alarmingly institutions, strengthening the Nigerian pandemic proportions, and should now labour movement and worker‟s rights, be a matter of very serious and pressing and supporting the debate on Nigeria in public policy concern.” Unfortunately, the international relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications of Politically Exposed Persons Participation in 2015 Elections in Nigeria
    ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 5 No 27 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy December 2014 Implications of Politically Exposed Persons participation in 2015 Elections in Nigeria Dr. R.O. Oji Department of Political Science, Enugu State University, Enugu Eme, Okechukwu I Onyishi, Anthony O Department of Public Administration and Local Government, University of Nigeria, Nsukka [email protected] Doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p207 Abstract In May 2007, a number of governors completed their eight-year term of office. Having lost the immunity conferred on them by Section 308 of the Constitution, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) invited them for investigation on the basis of several petitions alleging diversion of public funds running to billions of naira. Some reported for interrogation while others sought interlocutory and perpetual injunctions restraining the EFCC from arresting, investigating or prosecuting them in any manner whatsoever and howsoever. Among those who were charged to court only two have been convicted and given light sentences. The majority of the defendants have continued to manipulate the criminal justice system to frustrate their trial. To the eternal shame of the country one of the ex-governors who got a clean bill of health by a Nigerian court was later convicted and jailed by a British court. Out of the two, who jumped bail in the United Kingdom, one is now a Senator of the Republic. Not unexpectedly, the Nigerian people have justifiably blamed lawyers and judges for frustrating the anti-graft agencies from successfully prosecuting politically exposed persons and other members of the ruling class accused of corrupt practices and money laundering.
    [Show full text]
  • Crise Et Développement La Région Du Lac Tchad À L’Épreuve De Boko Haram Crise Et Développement
    Crise et développement La région du lac Tchad à l’épreuve de Boko Haram Crise et développement À partir de 2009, l’insécurité liée à l’insurrection du groupe Boko Haram et à sa répression s’est diffusée depuis le cœur du Borno nigérian vers tout le nord-est du pays puis vers les zones frontalières des pays voisins, Cameroun, Niger et Tchad. La crise a affecté progressivement La région du lac Tchad toute la région du lac Tchad, un des grands espaces transfrontaliers de l’Afrique sahélienne, à la charnière de l’Afrique des savanes et du désert, de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et de l’Afrique à l’épreuve de Boko Haram centrale et orientale. Cette étude est la première à aborder la crise Boko Haram à partir d’une perspective transcendant les frontières politiques et linguistiques entre le Nigeria anglophone et les trois pays francophones riverains du lac Tchad. Réalisée par une équipe pluridisciplinaire d’une quinzaine de chercheurs français, britannique, camerounais, nigériens, nigérians et tchadiens, elle considère la région du lac Tchad comme un système. Ses composantes et leurs interactions environnementales, économiques et politiques sont appréhendées depuis une perspective diachronique avant, pendant et après le pic de violence. L’analyse débouche sur une réflexion prospective à 20 ans. À partir du constat que la crise a ébranlé le système de relations qui faisait la résilience de la région du lac Tchad, cette étude de référence vise à éclairer les choix cruciaux qui définiront sa trajectoire de développement à venir. Sylvain Aoudou Doua Emmanuel
    [Show full text]
  • Andrew Okolo OBIAJULU
    PERCEPTION OF SOURCES, EFFECTS AND RESOLUTION METHODS OF CONFLICTS IN TOWN UNIONS OF ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA. BY Andrew Okolo OBIAJULU AUGUST 2014 i PERCEPTION OF SOURCES, EFFECTS AND RESOLUTION METHODS OF CONFLICTS IN TOWN UNIONS OF ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA. BY Andrew Okolo OBIAJULU B.Sc. (UNN); M. Sc (JOS) Matric. No: 87117 A Thesis in the Department of Sociology [Conflict Studies] Submitted to the Faculty of the Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN AUGUST 2014 ii ABSTRACT Town Unions (TUs) exist for identifying and resolving communal problems among others in Anambra State. Ironically, many of them are conflict infested. Although many studies have been conducted on conflict, none specifically focused on the nature of social conflict facing TUs in Anambra State. This study therefore investigated the sources, effects and resolution methods of TU conflicts in Anambra State. Marxian theory of social conflict and Ted Gurr‟s theory of Relative Deprivation were used as theoretical framework. The study adopted a cross- sectional survey design. Nri was selected through simple random sampling method from a list of 5 communities with two TUs in the state where one should exist. Likewise, Isiagu was selected from a list of 12 communities with care-taker committees. Amansea was selected purposively from list of 160 communities with functional TUs as the study locations. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 516 respondents. The sample frame was the list of TU members as held by ward leaders in the towns.
    [Show full text]