DOCSLIB.ORG

The Helminthological Society of Washington

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Helminthological Society of Washington -,\ ~ '•'<•," t' :rt ff, • "\ •''.-' V-". • •- " ~ ' •'; '; ",-." "•""" •","~"^T-*^7'~* •.——'.-•{—- — / : '•-"-' •- :''' ''--sw Volume 33 July 1966 Number 2 VVl ff-;^f *v® ;f •:); i- /':••'; ^;-v'V v.: ,-.-'., ! '-':" '^:V .~N • PROCEEDINGS •iC '':"Vof:S->S: •/.y.-vA'-i The Helminthological Society of Washington A semiannual journal of research devoted to Helminthology and all branches of Parasitology |lrciyton H.JRansoro Memorial Trust Fund* CONTENTS AGRAWAL, VINOD. ! On a New Nematode, Procamattanus muetteri n. isp. from the Stomach of a Freshwater Fish, rHetMOfmeu&es JofsUis ..-—^-.-:,;.... -.__- '204 - BARKER, K. JR. CJeUulytic and Pectolytic Enzymes in the Nematode, Aphden- ' avenae - • -'. \ -'••'. ••;••'.•. ( \..•....•• • •...;•/:'.- -.•' .____^________ '• 134,' '' ''' ' ' "' ]BKX3^Tjiro/WlLiiABD W.VSuppression of Nenutjodirus ntfaevastUatis Durbin ^ ;i and Honess, 1951, a Nematode Described from Otjis ortes, as & Synonym : ' 1 'of Nematoairus davtiani Grigorian, 1949 1,1 -;' ;-.. -., ':'/:... ['' ••••:".. •;. •-.-.•' .-• M99 Emtoett William Price, 1896-1965 __ J_ 213 ;\f-//~ •^"' :•'. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington ,'i .. * ' v.i •/'./•• i • •. v ... .\. iv A-. .,"--. V" ,;•'• .•>.,.•', ,/••.• ¥•&£-.•••'•• ••••.'''.• < & ,0^;^-: ;^-:: > • r.%vW'.- v;'" •• -v ' -; •."••'•' ,v" ''-'.'••/'. '''- : - '-' >• •: ' •' ' ' > ' ' THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON V •'•'',' !', '-'.'• i '.>."•• •" '. '•' -'^ V-. " : -% •- •' t '.•,': • N; -- * " f''. - r ' v \ ( • •.'•',''•' ' '' -" THE SOCIETY me^ts once a month from October ihrough May for &e presentation and discussion of papers in any\and all branches of parasitolbgy;or related sciences. All • -interested -persons are invited to attend. : V "" * "*'"? '-:y \ /|: .'.i\\;i?'^ ''. ;'\-''.';"'^^f-'s;1^/'^' ~ ; The annual dues, including the Proceedings', are $6.00.: ! ,.,' ^ (A;x ; ' '- ^-L, , v^^ [^ !^Sv;;; -I,^ c|; ^^^l^^^^^ ^•x^^^y^'^V^.V^'^rv./OFRCERS^QF SHE SOCIETY^FOR J^^}:->^:^^^:C " President: DONALD BrMcMULLEN" T (/^ r/;'.: 'v.;?' • /,_';;• ^l \": ''^"^ , Vfce President: MAY BELLE CHITWOQD ' '.'v'"•;•: .-••;":/\\ «\' i;-\' ^,'^., - ;'' 'V-^', Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer: EDNAM. BUHRER -, , ;,- V Assirton* Coiresponding^Secretary-Treasurer: HALSEY H. VEGORS X r, V Recording Secwftny:' WMJAM'B.vDEVWl^ \ \ i>; ; v v L&rorkm: JUDITH M. HUMPHREY (196^ v) "Y \' ! \^ ^ vi ; A^ioist; DOYS?:A. SHORE (1986- j '"' "';-:,;-;,\' ,.,l:,/v,,. ^}'.^>-f;'".;|^ r'|j.i-: v-" Representative to the Washington Academy of Sciences: AUREL O. FOSTER (1965r-;\ Representative to^the American Society of Parasitologists: CHARLES G.DURBIN (19654 ) Executive Qommittee Members^at-ljarge: LpUIS DIAMt)ND, '„ 1966 j PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON \ \f THE PROCEEDINGS tore piibMied byj the HehTu^tbologjcal Society of Washington. V. ''7; However, .papers need not be Resented' at a meeting ,to| be published in ,tihie Proceedings. f Noh-'membejrs may, pubKsh in the Proceedings ?if they will ecintribute the /full icost of publication. ; ;, ''; ','• Two issues 'fire pubHshed leach year fin January \and July. ,' ,: : ,^ ?'\S may be submitted to oany iown^ber of the Editorial Committee. Manu- : /f scripts must be typewnten, double spaced, and,;in finished form. 'Only the ribbon copy* 1 ,< 'will be accepted for publication; it;is accepted with the xuijqerstanding,;that it will be •>':' ;'v ^pnblished only in the Proeeedings^ >: -',/•. ^/- \. •.< -> '^i . ..')'•;;. ..\^-,<--' ,''•. '••••-••• -,'_'.\ , v REPRINTS may t>^ ofdered from fthe PRIN^IER at the same time the conected proof :' :(\ is returned to'the EDITOR. ' - 'I $ , ;, ; . • J:{ s /- ^j'Jj^ <'"Y'('\"7'", - .•''-'-•''.. - • ';,> .• i f ,/ 'BACK VOIjUMES of tihe ••Proceedings are available. Inquiries concerning '.back volumes \ ; and current subscriptions should be^^ directed to: \: .,--../''• ? ,!/;, < ' ^; c -.-r jMiss Edna M. Bulirer, Gorcespcmdm^ ;N / VS Laboratory, Agricultufal ~ Researchi Center, •••p.S,DA.^;'^tsyil]l'e,;-Marylandi 'tI.'S•:A.• H:••?^''^^^^f-fi'J^'-- -/'v^Ni- '^'fv/';/:.v:'';v-'\ S s 1';::'.;''^':;' >^r-'A-';;^v"^v'' ^4$^^^vte^?;^ :^|^^'^':'S'-^r? V.vv'^r,'.'' v i (FRANCIS G,'TROMBA, Editor,'a^TO^f'v , ' • ' . ' Beltsville Parasitplogical; Laboratory ' "V-T? ,,; ^ '••'.'-'^',':,'•• Agricultural Research!(Genter r ' V. /i-'i :.'\'V\^:'r;^:;'.;-.!>:" .BeltsviUe,'Ma^yJan^,;/U.S.A!:'/;''V' ;/ ,;1;-';; ;:,,.;. .. ^GILBERTiF. OTTO, 1969 . ;\'(r"':, ;'y'C;,''< >'A. JAMES HALEY,11967 V> 'Abbott Laboratories '; \V /,:i^X ', •School of Medicine North Chicago,, Il^ois i v_ -. >; ^ ^ ' \y of Maryiarid^ . Agricultural Experiment Station V ,;;! '- ,J;,;i \Beltsville Parasitological Laboratory ".' University of Califbrnia I I •.:••.: -0':0 \. '' '••; ' ;;,- ' , U.S.D.A. .' • -v't; JK - R. CHRISTIE, 1968 ---;' 'i'1;- -' .vExperiment Station \ / '- Institute of Allergy aridi Infectious Diseases University -of FJorida; :; J r;',;.. ;'.-.!. ;;•, ' ' ' ^ ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' 1 /','. : Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington VOLUME 33 JULY 1966 NUMBER 2 A Compendium of the Genus Criconemoides (Criconematidae: Nemata)1 A. C. TAR JAN- SUMMARY primary differentiating characters. Range of A key and pertinent morphological data body length, vulva percentage, tail and tail derived from the original publications are pre- terminus shape, ratio of the stylet divided by sented on 89 nominal species of Criconemoides. the body length, and the ratio of vulva- Criconemoides anura, C. demani, C. heideri, terminus length divided by the width of the C. hispalensis, C. hygrophilum, C. peruense, body at the vulva were regarded as secondary C. riisticum, and C. simile are transferred to characters. The Demanian ratios a, b, and c species inquirendae. were not considered as usable diagnostic char- acters. When possible, other important data INTRODUCTION such as presence of sublateral lobes or unusual labial annules were used in constructing the Criconemoides contains more described spe- key. cies than any other genus of plant-parasitic nematodes. Yet, despite its taxonomic popular- DISCUSSION OF RECENT PROPOSED CHANGES ity it is one of the most difficxilt genera in which to work. Numerous authors have pro- The classification of de Grisse and posed species which are supposedly distinctive Loof(1965) mainly by certain morphological characteris- These workers have recently divided Cri- tics lacking for closely related species. In conemoides into six genera, based primarily on certain cases, morphological variability has not presence or absence of sublateral lobes, female been considered. Neither has the possibility labium shape, stylet length, body length, and of the existence of artifacts due to fixation and annule shape. They resurrected Macropos- preservation when only one or a few specimens thonia de Man, 1880 and placed 39 species are at hand on which to base the species. in the genus on the basis of their finding Differences in interpretation of characters, males of M. annulata de Man, 1880 in Belgium, separation on dubious or indistinct morpho- Germany, and Bergen op Zoom, The Nether- logical structures, unfamiliarity with the nom- lands, associated with females of C. kirianovae inal species, and inaccurate measurements have Andrassy, 1962. The criteria which they felt very probably contributed to the mass of spe- were important in deciding that their males cies currently in the genus. It is felt that bio- were M. annulata were narrow head, ventrally metrical data must be relied upon as a sensible bent pointed tail, and various measurements. approach to species separation and that taxon- However, a comparison of their drawings with omy of such a large genus must be on an ob- that of de Man's shows their specimens to have jective rather than subjective basis. a broader anterior region, while the measure- In the present study, number and ornamen- ments of their three populations show differ- tation of body annules, length of stylet, and ences from those of de Man's in body length, number of annules between the vulva and the number of annules to excretory pore, and num- tail terminus, on the tail, and between the ber of tail annules. Then, too, the only popula- labial disc and excretory pore were considered tion they collected in The Netherlands was about 75 km from the type locality of Leiden, 1 University of Florida Citrus Experiment Station, Lake Alfred, Florida. Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations and about 30 km from Breda where de Man Journal Series No. 2286. The assistance of R. L. Ward, who aided in the compilation of data, is appreciated. (1921) reported the species as occurring a 109 Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE [VOL. 33, No. 2 second time. There have been about 11 spe- uously or strongly crenate, yet these species cies of Criconemoides reported from the area are placed in a genus that is only supposed to occupied by The Netherlands and Belgium; have slight, fine ornamentation on the posterior this raises the question whether the males and edge of annules; and that C. irregulare de females found in the population belonged to Grisse, 1964 has body annules with irregular the same species. margins (No. 32, in their key) but placed the De Grisse and Loof have suggested a modi- species in a group having smooth posterior fication of the accepted concept of Criconema margin of annules (No. 12, in their key). in. that they propose species having "females Their
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Through Central Borneo
    LIBRARY v.. BOOKS BY CARL LUMHOLTZ THKODOH CENTRAL BORNEO NEW TRAILS IN MEXICO AMONG CANNIBALS Ea(k Profuitly llluilraUd CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS THROUGH CENTRAL BORNEO 1. 1>V lutKSi « AKI. J-lMHol,!/. IN IMK HI 1 N<. AN U H THROUGH CENTRAL BORNEO AN ACCOUNT OF TWO YEARS' TRAVEL IN THE LAND OF THE HEAD-HUNTERS BETWEEN THE YEARS 1913 AND 1917 BY ^ i\^ ^'^'' CARL LUMHOLTZ IfEMBER OF THE SOaETY OF SCIENCES OF CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY GOLD MEDALLIST OF THE NORWEGIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCTETY ASSOCIE ETRANGER DE LA SOCIETE DE L'ANTHROPOLOGIE DE PARIS, ETC. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS BY THE AUTHOR AND WITH MAP VOLUME I NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1920 COPYKICBT, IMO. BY CHARLF.'; '^CRIBN'ER'S SONS Publubed Sepcembcr, IMU We may safely affirm that the better specimens of savages are much superior to the lower examples of civilized peoples. Alfred Russel ffallace. PREFACE Ever since my camping life with the aborigines of Queensland, many years ago, it has been my desire to explore New Guinea, the promised land of all who are fond of nature and ambitious to discover fresh secrets. In furtherance of this purpose their Majesties, the King and Queen of Norway, the Norwegian Geographical So- ciety, the Royal Geographical Society of London, and Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, generously assisted me with grants, thus facilitating my efforts to raise the necessary funds. Subscriptions were received in Norway, also from American and English friends, and after purchasing the principal part of my outfit in London, I departed for New York in the au- tumn of 1913, en route for the Dutch Indies.
    [Show full text]
  • Emindanao Library an Annotated Bibliography (Preliminary Edition)
    eMindanao Library An Annotated Bibliography (Preliminary Edition) Published online by Center for Philippine Studies University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu, Hawaii July 25, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface iii I. Articles/Books 1 II. Bibliographies 236 III. Videos/Images 240 IV. Websites 242 V. Others (Interviews/biographies/dictionaries) 248 PREFACE This project is part of eMindanao Library, an electronic, digitized collection of materials being established by the Center for Philippine Studies, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. At present, this annotated bibliography is a work in progress envisioned to be published online in full, with its own internal search mechanism. The list is drawn from web-based resources, mostly articles and a few books that are available or published on the internet. Some of them are born-digital with no known analog equivalent. Later, the bibliography will include printed materials such as books and journal articles, and other textual materials, images and audio-visual items. eMindanao will play host as a depository of such materials in digital form in a dedicated website. Please note that some resources listed here may have links that are “broken” at the time users search for them online. They may have been discontinued for some reason, hence are not accessible any longer. Materials are broadly categorized into the following: Articles/Books Bibliographies Videos/Images Websites, and Others (Interviews/ Biographies/ Dictionaries) Updated: July 25, 2014 Notes: This annotated bibliography has been originally published at http://www.hawaii.edu/cps/emindanao.html, and re-posted at http://www.emindanao.com. All Rights Reserved. For comments and feedbacks, write to: Center for Philippine Studies University of Hawai’i at Mānoa 1890 East-West Road, Moore 416 Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Email: [email protected] Phone: (808) 956-6086 Fax: (808) 956-2682 Suggested format for citation of this resource: Center for Philippine Studies, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa.
    [Show full text]
  • Australasian Nematology Newsletter
    ISSN 1327-2101 AUSTRALASIAN NEMATOLOGY NEWSLETTER Published by: Australasian Association of Nematologists VOLUME 15 NO. 1 JANUARY 2004 1 From the Editor Thank you to all those who made contributions to this newsletter. July Issue The deadline for the July issue will be June 15th. I will notify you a month in advance so please have your material ready once again. Contacts Dr Mike Hodda President, Australasian Association of Nematologists CSIRO Division of Entomology Tel: (02) 6246 4371 GPO Box 1700 Fax: (02) 6246 4000 CANBERRA ACT 2601 Email: [email protected] Dr Ian Riley Secretary, Australasian Association of Nematologists Department of Applied & Molecular Ecology University of Adelaide Tel: (08) 8303-7259 PMB 1 Fax: (08) 8379-4095 GLEN OSMOND SA 5064 Email: [email protected] Mr John Lewis Treasurer, Australasian Association of Nematologists SARDI, Plant Pathology Unit Tel: (08) 8303 9394 GPO Box 397 Fax: (08) 8303 9393 ADELAIDE SA 5100 Email: [email protected] Ms Jennifer Cobon Editor, Australasian Association of Nematologists Department of Primary Industries Tel: (07) 3896 9892 80 Meiers Road Fax: (07) 3896 9533 INDOOROOPILLY QLD 4068 Email: [email protected] 1 Association News WORKSHOP NOTICE Review of nematode resistance screening/breeding in Australasia A Workshop of the Australasian Association of Nematologists Friday, 6 February 2004 Plant Research Centre, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia The program will commence with a keynote presentation by Dr Roger Cook – a global overview on development of nematode resistant crops – followed by a series of short presentations by individuals actively involved in screening/breeding for nematode resistance in Australasia.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory Manual Course No. Pl. Path
    NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Theory Manual INTRODUCTORY PLANT NEMATOLOGY Course No. Pl. Path 2.2 (V Dean’s) nd 2 Semester B.Sc. (Hons.) Agri. PROF.R.R.PATEL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Dr.D.M.PATHAK, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Dr.R.R.WAGHUNDE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY BHARUCH 392012 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION What are the nematodes? Nematodes are belongs to animal kingdom, they are triploblastic, unsegmented, bilateral symmetrical, pseudocoelomateandhaving well developed reproductive, nervous, excretoryand digestive system where as the circulatory and respiratory systems are absent but govern by the pseudocoelomic fluid. Plant Nematology: Nematology is a science deals with the study of morphology, taxonomy, classification, biology, symptomatology and management of {plant pathogenic} nematode (PPN). The word nematode is made up of two Greek words, Nema means thread like and eidos means form. The words Nematodes is derived from Greek words ‘Nema+oides’ meaning „Thread + form‟(thread like organism ) therefore, they also called threadworms. They are also known as roundworms because nematode body tubular is shape. The movement (serpentine) of nematodes like eel (marine fish), so also called them eelworm in U.K. and Nema in U.S.A. Roundworms by Zoologist Nematodes are a diverse group of organisms, which are found in many different environments. Approximately 50% of known nematode species are marine, 25% are free-living species found in soil or freshwater, 15% are parasites of animals, and 10% of known nematode species are parasites of plants (see figure at left). The study of nematodes has traditionally been viewed as three separate disciplines: (1) Helminthology dealing with the study of nematodes and other worms parasitic in vertebrates (mainly those of importance to human and veterinary medicine).
    [Show full text]
  • Hrltaln's Secret War the Indonesian Confrontation 1962-66 CONTENTS
    Hrltaln's Secret War The Indonesian Confrontation 1962-66 CONTENTS THE POLITICAL BACKGROUND 3 • The Brunei remit. December 1962 CONFRONTATION 6 • The phases of0pcr.ltions - the baulclicld - the troops • General Walker's operational principles WILL FOWLER hn wortled • 'I leans and mil1d~' - 22 SAS -the Border ScOUlS In Jourmllllam and publishing • Summary of Commonwealth forces .Ince H112, reportIng for Europe.n, American, Aalan 'nd ArabIc magazlnea from INDONESIAN CROSS-BORDER ATTACKS, Europe, the USA, the Middle E..t, Chi", .nd SE Alia. 1963-64 11 Amongst hIs more than 30 • Longj<w..ai. Scplt"mber/OclObcr 1963 - Kalabakan, publllhed books II the belt­ December 1963/Febmary 1964 - Long Miau and the MllIng MAA 133 Sattle for R~ang river,Janlialy 1964 -lhe BanH"kok talks the Fa/Illanth: Lsoo Force•. A TA Hldl., for 30 years, he • Track 6, "larch 19fi<!- British reinforccmcllts wa. cornml..loned from the ranks In 4th Bn Royal Green MAINLAND RAIDS, 1964-65 15 JlCk.~, .nd volunteered for Operatiofl 'Granby' In • Indonesian seaborne and airborne landings in Malaya the Qulf, 1HO-91. In 1993 • Australian and New Zealand commiunent, 1965-66 1M ,nteh,latad from the French Anny _ ,taff office,. THE CONFRONTATION IN THE AIR 18 cou..... at the Ecole Milltalre, Parla. WIll .. married and livea In RomMy, Hampshlra. TACTICS 19 • Jllngle forts: I GJ at Stass,July 1964 - 2 Pam al Pia man Mapu. April 1965 KEVIN LYLES Is an expert on the history of the Vietnam • Patrolling connie!., 'nd , talented • SAS tactics lIlustnltor of 20th century military subjects. He ha, 'CLARET' OPERATIONS 24 ll1~tratlld Mveral book' for OIpray, and has elso written • Taking lhe war to the enemy - rilles of engagement tlu.s on the US Army In • SAS Claret operalions Vietnam, a aubject In which • Australian SAS 1M h.s along-standing • New Zealand SAS klte...t.
    [Show full text]
  • Actual Problems of Protection and Sustainable Use of the Animal World Diversity
    ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF MOLDOVA DEPARTMENT OF NATURE AND LIFE SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY Actual problems of protection and sustainable use of ThE animal world diversity International Conference of Zoologists dedicated to the 50th anniversary from the foundation of Institute of Zoology of ASM Chisinau – 2011 ACTUAL PRObLEMS OF PROTECTION AND SUSTAINAbLE USE OF ThE ANIMAL wORLD DIVERSITY Content CZU 59/599:502.74 (082) D 53 Dumitru Murariu. READING ABOUT SPECIES CONCEPT IN BIOLOGY.......................................................................10 Dan Munteanu. AChievements Of Romania in ThE field Of nature The materials of International Conference of Zoologists „Actual problems of protection and protection and implementation Of European Union’S rules concerning ThE biodiversity conservation (1990-2010)...............................................................................11 sustainable use of animal world diversity” organized by the Institute of Zoology of the Aca- demy of Sciences of Moldova in celebration of the 50th anniversary of its foundation are a gene- Laszlo Varadi. ThE protection and sustainable use Of Aquatic resources.....................................13 ralization of the latest scientific researches in the country and abroad concerning the diversity of aquatic and terrestrial animal communities, molecular-genetic methods in systematics, phylo- Terrestrial Vertebrates.................................................................................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • Brunei Malay Traditional Medicine: Persistence in the Face of Western
    BRUNEI MALAY TRADITIONAL MEDICINE: PERSISTENCE IN THE FACE OF WESTERN MEDICINE AND ISLAMIC ORTHODOXY Virginie Roseberg Master of Anthropology from the University of Paris 1, Pantheon-Sorbonne, France. This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia School of Social Sciences Anthropology and Sociology 2017 THESIS DECLARATION I, Virginie Roseberg, certify that: This thesis has been substantially accomplished during enrolment in the degree. This thesis does not contain material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in my name, in any university or other tertiary institution. No part of this work will, in the future, be used in a submission in my name, for any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution without the prior approval of The University of Western Australia and where applicable, any partner institution responsible for the joint-award of this degree. This thesis does not contain any material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. The work(s) are not in any way a violation or infringement of any copyright, trademark, patent, or other rights whatsoever of any person. The research involving human data reported in this thesis was assessed and approved by The University of Western Australia Human Research Ethics Committee. Approval no. RA/4/1/5585. The work described in this thesis was funded by an Australian Postgraduate Award and UWA Safety Net Top-up Scholarship. This thesis does not contain work that I have published, nor work under review for publication.
    [Show full text]
  • British Museum. by JANES YATE JOHNSON, C.M.Z.S. NO. LIII
    1899.1 ON THI ILNTIPAl'HARIAN CORALS OF MADBIBA. 813 11. Notes on the Antipatharian Corals of Madeira, with Descriptions of a new Species and a new Variety, and Remarks on a Specimen from the West Indies in the British Museum. By JANESYATE JOHNSON, C.M.Z.S. [Received May 22, 1899.1 The marine objects popularly called Black Corals are zoophytes which constitute the group of Antipatharia in systematic z001og~. Some of them are much branched and resenible bushes that occa- sionally reach the height of four or five feet. Others extend their branches almost in one plane in a fan-like manner ; others, again, are simple unbranched stems, slender and wire-like, that are some- times found with a length of seven or eight feet. All are attached, when living, to submarine rocks or stones by a thiu spreading base. All have Ihard horny axis of a black or brown colour, and that axis is seen, on examining a section, to consist of concentric layers. Further examination will show that it has tt fibrous structure. Stem and branches are frequently armed with' minute spines arranged in longitudinal or spiral series, but sometimes the stem and inain branches nre amooth and polished. The hard axis is Necreted by the soft polypiferous ccenenchyma which clothes it. The polyps in the Madeirnn forms have six (in one species twenty- four) simple tentacles. Spicula are not anywhere present, and thus the Antipatharia are easily distinguished from the Alcyouaria. Eight species of Black Coral belonging to six genera have beeu found at Madeira, more than one-thirteenth of the total number of known species.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Morphology of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA
    Zootaxa 3452: 1–46 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:14DEF8CA-ABBA-456D-89FD-68064ABB636A Taxonomy and morphology of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA YONGSAN ZENG1, 5, WEIMIN YE2*, LANE TREDWAY1, SAMUEL MARTIN3 & MATT MARTIN4 1 Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Nematode Assay Section, Agronomic Division, North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Plant Pathology and Physiology, School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 2200 Pocket Road, Florence, SC 29506, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, 3800 Castle Hayne Road, Castle Hayne, NC 28429-6519, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Department of Plant Protection, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People’s Republic of China *Corresponding author Abstract Twenty-nine species of plant-parasitic nematodes were recovered from 282 soil samples collected from turfgrasses in 19 counties in North Carolina (NC) and 20 counties in South Carolina (SC) during 2011 and from previous collections. These nematodes belong to 22 genera in 15 families, including Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Dolichodorus heterocephalus, Filenchus cylindricus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Scutellonema brachyurum, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Mesocriconema xenoplax, M. curvatum, M. sphaerocephala, Ogma floridense, Paratrichodorus minor, P. allius, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Pratylenchus penetrans, Meloidogyne graminis, M. naasi, Heterodera sp., Cactodera sp., Hemicycliophora conida, Loofia thienemanni, Hemicaloosia graminis, Hemicriconemoides wessoni, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Swords and Daggers
    Swords and Daggers Swords are weapons formed by a blade (the part intended for striking) and a hilt (from which the sword is held) [Fig. 1]. While there have been swords made of wood and stone, the more predominant and effective examples have been made of some sort of metal. Bronze was used in ancient times, followed by iron and then steel. Daggers are a more primitive, much smaller weapon which share many features with the sword. As a general rule, knives have a single edge. Blade The sword’s blade can be divided between the forte (third of the blade closer to the hilt) and the foible (third of the blade closer to the tip). This refers to how much strength the wielder can put into each area of the blade when used as a lever. The part of the blade that becomes narrow and goes into the grip is called the tang [Fig. 2]. The point of balance [Fig. 3] is the sword’s center of gravity, often found on the blade very close to the hilt, and influences the handling of the weapon. The center of percussion [Fig. 3] is the area of the blade that produces the least amount of vibration when striking a target, and thus is the ideal place with which to strike. The cross-section of the blade [Fig. 4] is the shape it has when cut at the guard. The fullers, incorrectly called blood grooves in modern times, were used to reduce the weight of the blade and give it structural strength.
    [Show full text]
  • Philippine Weaponry Knowledge
    Publisher Steven K. Dowd Contributing Writers Mark Lawrence FMAdigest Archives Contents From the Publishers Desk Early History of Metallurgy Sword Making Methods Categories of Weapons and Equipment Filipino Weapons Filipino Weaponry Dealers Filipino Martial Arts Digest is published and distributed by: FMAdigest 1297 Eider Circle Fallon, Nevada 89406 Visit us on the World Wide Web: www.fmadigest.com The FMAdigest is published quarterly. Each issue features practitioners of martial arts and other internal arts of the Philippines. Other features include historical, theoretical and technical articles; reflections, Filipino martial arts, healing arts and other related subjects. The ideas and opinions expressed in this digest are those of the authors or instructors being interviewed and are not necessarily the views of the publisher or editor. We solicit comments and/or suggestions. Articles are also welcome. The authors and publisher of this digest are not responsible for any injury, which may result from following the instructions contained in the digest. Before embarking on any of the physical activates described in the digest, the reader should consult his or her physician for advice regarding their individual suitability for performing such activity. From the Publishers Desk Kumusta Marc Lawrence has put together a very good list and has added some comments about weapons that are known and used in the Philippines. Now I am sure there might be one or two that were not mentioned or that a further explanation could have been given, however you can only give what you get, find, borrow etc. Also while visiting the Philippines I usually run into someone that shows me a weapon that is or was used in the Philippines that I have never seen.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Keys to Plant, Soil and Aquatic Nematodes
    i TAXONOMIC KEYS TO PLANT, SOIL AND AQUATIC NEMATODES BRUCE E. HOPPER and ELDON J. CAIRNS ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AUBURN, ALA. 1959 Sponsored By The SOUTHERN REGIONAL NEMATODE PROJECT (S-19) ^ TAXONOMIC KEYS TO PLANT, SOIL AND AQUATIC NEMATODES BRUCE E. HOPPER and ELDON J. CAIRNS ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AUBURN, ALA. 1959 Sponsored By The SOUTHERN REGIONAL NEMATODE PROJECT (S-19) N / . A. PREFACE A few consolidated sources of descriptions and illustrations of plant and soil forms, in particular, are available and should be used along with the taxonomic keys. At best, keys are only attempted short cuts to" the recognition of certain specimens. In all cases check the deci- sions by referral to descriptions and illustrations of the nematodes. There are some excellent volumes available to workers who do not have access to the necessarily large reprint files of the taxonomist. The book by Filipjev & Stekhoven, 19i+l can still be purchased. The book by T. Goodey, 195l is out of print, but can be found in some libraries; so useful a book should be reprinted soon. Fortunately, two other works that every nematologist should have are again available. These are the monographs by Thorne and Swanger, 1936 (reprinted 1957) and Thorne, 1939 (reprinted 19^7 )« V/e have drawn heavily from all of these sources and want to point out that keys are by no means a substitute for the infor- mation contained in these soiorces. The book. Introduction to Nematology by Chitwood & Chitwood, is probably bhe recognized standard work on morphology and will be of great help in anderstanding the morphological terms used in the keys.
    [Show full text]