Genome-Wide Identification of Argonautes in Solanaceae With
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Breeding Virus Resistant Potatoes (Solanum Tuberosum): a Review of Traditional and Molecular Approaches
Heredity 86 (2001) 17±35 Received 22 December 1999, accepted 20 September 2000 Breeding virus resistant potatoes (Solanum tuberosum): a review of traditional and molecular approaches RUTH M. SOLOMON-BLACKBURN* & HUGH BARKER Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, U.K. Tetraploid cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the World's fourth most important crop and has been subjected to much breeding eort, including the incorporation of resistance to viruses. Several new approaches, ideas and technologies have emerged recently that could aect the future direction of virus resistance breeding. Thus, there are new opportunities to harness molecular techniques in the form of linked molecular markers to speed up and simplify selection of host resistance genes. The practical application of pathogen-derived transgenic resistance has arrived with the ®rst release of GM potatoes engineered for virus resistance in the USA. Recently, a cloned host virus resistance gene from potato has been shown to be eective when inserted into a potato cultivar lacking the gene. These and other developments oer great opportunities for improving virus resistance, and it is timely to consider these advances and consider the future direction of resistance breeding in potato. We review the sources of available resistance, conventional breeding methods, marker-assisted selection, somaclonal variation, pathogen-derived and other transgenic resistance, and transformation with cloned host genes. The relative merits of the dierent methods are discussed, and the likely direction of future developments is considered. Keywords: breeding, host gene, potato virus, resistance, review, transgenic. The viruses whether the infection is primary (current season infec- tion) or secondary (tuber-borne). -
Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument
Schmidt, Drost, Halvorson In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Plant and Vertebrate Vascular U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center 2255 N. Gemini Drive Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Open-File Report 2006-1163 Southwest Biological Science Center Open-File Report 2006-1163 November 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument By Cecilia A. Schmidt, Charles A. Drost, and William L. Halvorson Open-File Report 2006-1163 November, 2006 USGS Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 Note: This document contains information of a preliminary nature and was prepared primarily for internal use in the U.S. Geological Survey. This information is NOT intended for use in open literature prior to publication by the investigators named unless permission is obtained in writing from the investigators named and from the Station Leader. Suggested Citation Schmidt, C. A., C. A. Drost, and W. L. Halvorson 2006. Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument. USGS Open-File Report 2006-1163. -
Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Fort Bowie National Historic Site Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Fort Bowie National Historic Site
Powell, Schmidt, Halvorson In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Fort Bowie National Historic Site Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Fort Bowie National Historic Site Plant and Vertebrate Vascular U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center 2255 N. Gemini Drive Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Open-File Report 2005-1167 Southwest Biological Science Center Open-File Report 2005-1167 February 2007 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Fort Bowie National Historic Site By Brian F. Powell, Cecilia A. Schmidt , and William L. Halvorson Open-File Report 2005-1167 December 2006 USGS Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web:http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested Citation Powell, B. F, C. A. Schmidt, and W. L. Halvorson. 2006. Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Fort Bowie National Historic Site. -
Regulation and Evolution of Alternative Splicing in Plants
Regulation and evolution of alternative splicing in plants DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt dem Rat der Biologisch-Pharmazeutischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena von Zhihao Ling, M.S. geboren am 10.08.1988 in China Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Ökologie Gutachter: Prof. Ian T. Baldwin, Max Planck Institut für Chemische Ökologie, Jena Prof. Günter Theissen, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Prof. Dorothee Staiger, Universität Bielefeld Beginn der Promotion: 26. September 2012 Dissertation eingereicht am: 25. November 2016 Tag der Verteidigung: 28. June 2017 Table of Contents 1. General Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Alternative splicing is widespread in plants .......................................................................... 1 1.2 AS contributes to biological regulation processes in plants .................................................. 2 1.3 Abiotic stresses induced AS changes in plants ..................................................................... 4 1.4 Biotic stresses induced AS changes in plants ....................................................................... 7 1.5 The splicing code and determinants of AS in plants is largely unknown ............................. 8 1.6 The rapid evolution of AS ................................................................................................... 10 1.7 Thesis outline ..................................................................................................................... -
How Does Genome Size Affect the Evolution of Pollen Tube Growth Rate, a Haploid Performance Trait?
Manuscript bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/462663; this version postedClick April here18, 2019. to The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv aaccess/download;Manuscript;PTGR.genome.evolution.15April20 license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Effects of genome size on pollen performance 2 3 4 5 How does genome size affect the evolution of pollen tube growth rate, a haploid 6 performance trait? 7 8 9 10 11 John B. Reese1,2 and Joseph H. Williams2 12 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 13 37996, U.S.A. 14 15 16 17 1Author for correspondence: 18 John B. Reese 19 Tel: 865 974 9371 20 Email: [email protected] 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/462663; this version posted April 18, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 22 ABSTRACT 23 Premise of the Study – Male gametophytes of most seed plants deliver sperm to eggs via a 24 pollen tube. Pollen tube growth rates (PTGRs) of angiosperms are exceptionally rapid, a pattern 25 attributed to more effective haploid selection under stronger pollen competition. Paradoxically, 26 whole genome duplication (WGD) has been common in angiosperms but rare in gymnosperms. -
Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Gibberellic Acid Concentrations
Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Below the surface of the soil, a potato plant produces both roots Gibberellic Acid Concentrations on Dormancy and stem organs called stolons. Flow- ering in potato plants generally coin- Break in Tubers of Solanum chacoense cides with the swelling of stolon tips in which a majority of the tuber is formed 1 1 by randomly oriented cell division and Christian T. Christensen , Lincoln Zotarelli , expansion (Jackson, 1999). Deposited Kathleen G. Haynes2, and Charles Ethan Kelly1 in these cells are storage carbohydrates and proteins, including starch and patatin, respectively (Shewry, 2003), ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. potato, sprout number, tuber size making tubers strong storage sink or- gans (Fernie and Willmitzer, 2001). SUMMARY. Solanum chacoense is a wild relative of potato (Solanum tuberosum) that is of interest because of its many desirable traits, but it exhibits variations in tuber Coinciding with tuber formation is the dormancy across accessions. The objective of this study was to determine an appro- onset of dormancy. Dormancy can be priate gibberellic acid (GA3) concentration and soak time treatment to encourage described as the halting of all meriste- sprout development across four accessions of S. chacoense (A,B,C,andD)fromthe matic activity in the stolon apex and 174 accessions of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Potato Genebank. Twelve nodes (Sonnewald, 2001; Xu et al., treatments were created by using four concentrations of GA3 (0, 50, 100, and 150 1998), and it serves physiological ad- m Á L1 g mL ) across three soak periods (5, 45, and 90 minutes). Small (average weight, aptation by allowing survival during 1.4 g), medium (2.6 g), and large (5.6 g) tubers were distributed among all treat- periods of unfavorable conditions ments. -
Diversity in the Wild Potato Species Solanum Chacoense Bitt
Euphytica 37:149-156 (1988) @ Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht -Printed in the Netherlands Diversity in the wild potato species Solanum chacoenseBitt. SusanA. Juned,M. T. Jacksonand JanetP. Catty Department of Plant Biology, University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham B15 2TT 25 November 1986; accepted in revised form 13 March 1987 Key words: Solanum chacoense,potato, wild species, diversity, multivariate analysis, isozymes, allozyme variation, in situ conservation Summary The morphologicat and isozyme variation was studied in 22 accessionsof Solanum chacoensefrom Paraguay and Argentina. Clear geographic groups were identified through the use of multivariate analyses. S. chacoensefrom mountain sites in Argentina could be readily distinguished from plains forms from Paraguay, on the basisof severalcorrelated morphological characters. Three isozyme systems,namely phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and peroxidase (PRX) were studied using starch gel electrophoresis. The banding patterns indicated that for each isozyme there were several loci, which were polymorphic. A genetic interpretation of one of the PGI loci was made, and indices of genetic diversity and genetic identity calculated. Principal components analysis, cluster analysisand genetic diversity indicated a close relationship between the geographicalgroups. Theseresults are discussedin the context of in situ genetic conservation. Introduction through gene introgression from speciesof higher altitudes, such as S. microdontum (Hawkes & Solanum chacoenseBitt. is considered by Hawkes Hjerting, 1969). & Hjerting (1969) to be the commonest, most ag- This apparant introgression of alien germplasm gressiveand most adaptable of the South American has enabled S. chacoenseto extend its range of wild potato species. It is found in Argentina, Para- biotypes and become adapted to a wider range of guay, Uruguay and south-eastern Brazil, with ecological conditions. -
Transgressive Phenotypes and Generalist Pollination in the Floral Evolution of Nicotiana Polyploids
Title Transgressive phenotypes and generalist pollination in the floral evolution of Nicotiana polyploids Authors McCarthy, EW; Chase, MW; Knapp, S; Litt, A; Leitch, AR; Le Comber, SC Description This is the author's proof Date Submitted 2017-02-23 ARTICLES PUBLISHED: XX XX 2016 | ARTICLE NUMBER: 16119 | DOI: 10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.119 Transgressive phenotypes and generalist pollination in the floral evolution of Q1 Nicotiana polyploids Elizabeth W. McCarthy1,2,3†,MarkW.Chase2, Sandra Knapp3,AmyLitt4, Andrew R. Leitch1 and Steven C. Le Comber1* Polyploidy is an important driving force in angiosperm evolution, and much research has focused on genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic responses to allopolyploidy. Nicotiana is an excellent system in which to study allopolyploidy because half of the species are allotetraploids of different ages, allowing us to examine the trajectory of floral evolution over time. Here, we study the effects of allopolyploidy on floral morphology in Nicotiana, using corolla tube measurements and geometric morphometrics to quantify petal shape. We show that polyploid morphological divergence from the intermediate phenotype expected (based on progenitor morphology) increases with time for floral limb shape and tube length, and that most polyploids are distinct or transgressive in at least one trait. In addition, we show that polyploids tend to evolve shorter and wider corolla tubes, suggesting that allopolyploidy could provide an escape from specialist pollination via reversion to more generalist pollination strategies. 1 olyploidy, or whole genome duplication (WGD), is an impor- transgressively larger14. In addition, autopolyploidy alone can 33 2 Ptant driving force in the evolution of angiosperms. Ancient yield floral changes even without the diversity generated by hybrid- 34 3 polyploid events are shared by all seed plants, all angiosperms ization. -
First Progress Report
Proyecto Base de Datos de Especies Invasoras del Paraguay Informe Final Data Content Grants under the Invasive Species Thematic Network Preparado por: Cristina Morales, Oscar Rodas, Juana de Egea, Silvia Centrón, Verónica Morales y Alberto Yanosky Asociación Guyra Paraguay 5/Junio/2007 1 RESUMEN El documento presenta los logros del proyecto “Construyendo Capacidades para el Desarrollo de la Red Paraguaya de Especies Invasoras” el cual tuvo como objetivo establecer, actualizar y mantener una base de datos I3N de especies exóticas invasoras en Paraguay. El proyecto se inició en mayo de 2006 y fue lanzado durante el Seminario de entrenamiento sobre herramientas para la organización y el intercambio de información sobre invasiones biológicas, realizado con el apoyo de Sergio Zalva, y Silvia Ziller. Participaron del taller 27 representantes de Instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales conservacionistas, académicos, investigadores, estudiantes de pre-grado. Como resultado del evento se creó una red instituciones que aportan información a la base de datos: el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, la Fundación Moisés Bertoni, Guyra Paraguay, como administrador y proveedor de datos y el Centro de Datos para la Conservación, como entidad supervisora y de validación de datos. La base de datos de especies exóticas invasoras, desarrollada durante el presente proyecto, se basó en el análisis y actualización de los listados previos realizados por el Centro de Datos para la Conservación en el año 2002, el cual cuenta con 422 especies y por la Dirección de Vida Silvestre en el año 2006 que cuenta con un listado de 172 especies. Como resultado de la evaluación de estas dos listas, se obtuvo una lista revisada de 135 especies exóticas invasoras y 1185 registros. -
Wild Tobacco Genomes Reveal the Evolution of Nicotine Biosynthesis
Wild tobacco genomes reveal the evolution of nicotine biosynthesis Shuqing Xua,1,2, Thomas Brockmöllera,1, Aura Navarro-Quezadab, Heiner Kuhlc, Klaus Gasea, Zhihao Linga, Wenwu Zhoua, Christoph Kreitzera,d, Mario Stankee, Haibao Tangf, Eric Lyonsg, Priyanka Pandeyh, Shree P. Pandeyi, Bernd Timmermannc, Emmanuel Gaquerelb,2, and Ian T. Baldwina,2 aDepartment of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; bCentre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; cSequencing Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; dInstitute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; eInstitute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; fCenter for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, Fujian, China; gSchool of Plant Sciences, BIO5 Institute, CyVerse, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; hNational Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251 West Bengal, India; and iDepartment of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 700064 West Bengal, India Edited by Joseph R. Ecker, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, and approved April 27, 2017 (received for review January 4, 2017) Nicotine, the signature alkaloid of Nicotiana -
Chemistry& Metabolism Chemical Information National Library Of
Chemistry& Metabolism Chemical Information National Library of Medicine Chemical Resources of the Environmental Health & Toxicology Information Program chemistry.org: American Chemical Society - ACS HomePage Identified Compounds — Metabolomics Fiehn Lab AOCS > Publications > Online Catalog > Modern Methods for Lipid Analysis by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Related Techniques (Lipase Database) Lipid Library Lipid Library Grom Analytik + HPLC GmbH: Homepage Fluorescence-based phospholipase assays—Table 17,3 | Life Technologies Phosphatidylcholine | PerkinElmer MetaCyc Encyclopedia of Metabolic Pathways MapMan Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology MS analysis MetFrag Scripps Center For Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry - XCMS MetaboAnalyst Lipid Analysis with GC-MS, LC-MS, FT-MS — Metabolomics Fiehn Lab MetLIn LOX and P450 inhibitors Lipoxygenase inhibitor BIOMOL International, LP - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Lipoxygenase structure Lypoxygenases Lipoxygenase structure Plant databases (see also below) PlantsDB SuperSAGE & SAGE Serial Analysis of Gene Expression: Information from Answers.com Oncology: The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center EMBL Heidelberg - The European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL - SAGE for beginners Human Genetics at Johns Hopkins - Kinzler, K Serial Analysis of Gene Expression The Science Creative Quarterly » PAINLESS GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING: SAGE (SERIAL ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION) IDEG6 software home page (Analysis of gene expression) GenXPro :: GENome-wide eXpression PROfiling -
Systematics, Diversity, Genetics, and Evolution of Wild and Cultivated Potatoes
Bot. Rev. (2014) 80:283–383 DOI 10.1007/s12229-014-9146-y Systematics, Diversity, Genetics, and Evolution of Wild and Cultivated Potatoes David M. Spooner1,6 & Marc Ghislain2 & Reinhard Simon3 & Shelley H. Jansky1 & Tatjana Gavrilenko4,5 1 USDA Agricultural Research Service, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1590, USA; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Genomics & Biotechnology Global Program, Centro International de la Papa (CIP), SSA Regional Office, CIP ILRI Campus, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 25171, Nairobi 00603, Kenya; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Integrated IT and Computational Research Unit, International Potato Center, Avenida La Molina 1895, La Molina, Lima, Peru; e-mail: [email protected] 4 Department of Biotechnology, N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya Street, 42- 44, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] 5 St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia 6 Author for Correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] Published online: 19 December 2014 # The New York Botanical Garden (outside the USA) 2014 Abstract The common potato, Solanum tuberosum L., is the third most important food crop and is grown and consumed worldwide. Indigenous cultivated (landrace) potatoes and wild potato species, all classified as Solanum section Petota, are widely used for potato improvement. Members of section Petota are broadly distributed in the Americas from the southwestern United States to the Southern Cone of South America. The latest comprehensive taxonomic treatment of section Petota was pub- lished by John (Jack) Hawkes in 1990; it recognized seven cultivated species and 228 wild species, divided into 21 taxonomic series.