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Virtual Fish for Real Science

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Virtual Fish for Real Science Virtual Fish for Real Science Investigating the role of public information content for mate-choice copying in the sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) using live fish and computer-animated fish stimuli DISSER ! I"# $ur Erlangung des %rades eines Doktors der #atur'issenschaften Vorgelegt von Dipl(-)iol( Stefanie %iers*e'ski eingereicht bei der #atur'issenschaftlich- echnischen Fa&ult+t der ,niversit+t Siegen Siegen -.-. printed on non-ageing 'ood free and acid-free paper/ no use of metal or plastic )etreuerin und erste %utachterin0 1rof( Dr( 2laudia 3itte ,niversit+t Siegen $'eite %utachterin0 1D Dr( 2at4a 5eubel 6hristian-!lbrechts-,niversit+t *u 2iel ag der m7ndlichen 1r7fung0 8.(.9(-.-. Ich er&l+re hiermit an Eides statt/ dass ich die vorliegende !rbeit ohne un*ul+ssige 5ilfe Dritter und ohne )enut*ung anderer/ nicht angegebener 5ilfsmittel angefertigt habe( Die aus anderen :uellen direkt oder indire&t 7bernommenen Daten und 2on*epte sind unter !ngabe der :uelle ge&enn*eichnet( Die !rbeit 'urde bisher 'eder im In- noch im !usland in gleicher oder +hnlicher Form einer anderen 1r7fungsbeh;rde vorgelegt( Es 'urden &eine Dienste eines 1romotionsvermittlungsinstituts oder einer +hnlichen "rganisation in !nspruch genommen( Siegen/ den Stefanie %iersze'ski Diese Dissertation 'urde im Rahmen des interdis*iplin+ren Forschungspro4e&ts <Analyse durch Synthese mit virtuellen Fischen als neue Versuchsmethode in Untersuchungen zur Partnerwahl=/ als 2ooperation *'ischen dem Institut f7r )iologie und dem Institut f7r Echt*eit >ernsysteme der ,niversit+t Siegen/ durchgef7hrt( Das Forschungspro4ekt 'urde durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DF%? 3I 8@A8B8--8 und 2, CDEB88-8) gef;rdert( his thesis 'as conducted 'ithin the scope of the interdisciplinary research pro4ect <Analysis by synthesis with virtual fish as a new experimental method in studies on mate choice= in collaboration bet'een the Institute of )iology and the Institute of Real- ime >earning Systems at ,niversity of Siegen( he pro4ect 'as funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DF%? 3I 8@A8B8--8 and 2, CDEB88-8)( his thesis 'as prepared at the Institute of )iology/ Department of 6hemistry - )iology/ School of Science and echnology/ ,niversity of Siegen/ !dolf-Reich'ein-Str( -/ @9.9C Siegen/ %ermany And when we court each other and choose each other by starlight, we do so to the soundtrack of crickets and frogs doing the same. Mate choice surrounds us. Gil G !osenthal "ate choice# the evolution of sexual decision ma$ing from microbes to humans Princeton University Press% &'() TABLE OF CONTENT Author contributions .......................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 General Introduction .................................................................... 3 8(8 SeFual selection theory (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( A 8(- 1ublic information and social learning (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( C 8(A Gate-choice copying (G66) ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8. 8(H "utline ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8A Chapter 2 tud! species ............................................................................. 1" -(8 he sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8@ -(- he sailfin molly as a model organism for the study of mate-choice copying -- -(A Fish housing and eFperimental rooms (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( -A Chapter 3 Technical and conceptual considerations #or usin$ ani%ated sti%uli in studies o# ani%al beha&ior .............................................. 2' A(8 !bstract(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( -E A(- Introduction (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( A. A(A 6reation of an animated stimulus ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( A- A(H Displaying the animated stimulus ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( H- A(@ Validating the animated stimulus (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( HD A(C 6onclusions and future directions (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( @. A(9 !ckno'ledgements (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( @- Chapter ( The )irtual Fish *ro+ect ............................................................. "3 H(8 Stage 80 echnical and conceptual considerations ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( @A H(- Stage -0 Design of virtual sailfin mollies - Fish*reator (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( @@ H(A Stage A0 !nimation of virtual sailfin mollies - FishSteering ((((((((((((((((((((((((((( C8 H(H Stage H0 1resentation of virtual sailfin mollies in eFperiments - FishPlayer ((( CA H(@ Stage @0 Validation of FishSim ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( CH H(C Stage C0 !pplication of FishSim in research on G66 ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( CC H(9 FishSim goes public ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( CC i Chapter " The &irtual lo&er, &ariable and easil! $uided 3- #ish ani%ations as an inno&ati&e tool in %ate.choice e/peri%ents 0ith sail#in %ollies 1 II. )alidation ........................................................... 2' @(8 !bstract ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( CE @(- Introduction (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 9. @(A Gaterials and Gethods.(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 9- @(H Results (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 9D @(@ Discussion ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( D8 @(C !ckno'ledgements (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( D- Chapter 2 -oes bod! size o# the %odel #e%ale a##ect %ate.choice cop!in$ in sail#in %oll! #e%ales4 A co%parati&e stud! usin$ li&e and &irtual #ish ................................................................................... 53 C(8 !bstract ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( DA C(- Introduction (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( DH C(A Gaterials and Gethods.(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( D@ C(H Results (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( E@ C(@ Discussion ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8.. C(C !ckno'ledgements (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8.- Chapter 6 In the “spot”li$ht, -o $ra&id spots predict %odel #e%ale 9ualit! in %ate.choice cop!in$ o# #e%ale sail#in %ollies4 .......... 1:3 9(8 !bstract ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8.A 9(- Introduction (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8.H 9(A Gaterials and Gethods.(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8.@ 9(H Results (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 88H 9(@ Discussion ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 88C 9(C !ckno'ledgements (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 88D Chapter 5 -i##erences in courtship o# an interactin$ pair a##ect %ate. choice cop!in$ in obser&in$ sail#in %oll! #e%ales ...................... 11' D(8 !bstract ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 88E D(- Introduction (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8-. D(A Gaterials and Gethods.(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8-8 D(H Results (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8-E D(@ Discussion ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8AA D(C !ckno'ledgements (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8AC ii Chapter ' ;ate.choice cop!in$ in sail#in %oll! #e%ales, public in#or%ation use #ro% lon$.distance interactions ......................... 136 E(8 !bstract(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8A9 E(- Introduction (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8AD E(A Gaterials and Gethods ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 8H. 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