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Energy Balance” of the Power Sector of Georgia: Part 2 Advisory Assistance to the Ministry of Energy of Georgia P.E.D. IQC – Contract No. DOT-I-00-04-00020-00 Task Order #800 “ENERGY BALANCE” OF THE POWER SECTOR OF GEORGIA: PART 2. BALANCES FROM 1960 TO 2006 August 31, 2006 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Paul Ballonoff, CORE International, Inc. Advisory Assistance to the Ministry of Energy of Georgia P.E.D. IQC – Contract No. DOT-I-00-04-00020-00 Task Order #800 “ENERGY BALANCE” OF THE POWER SECTOR OF GEORGIA : PART 1. BALANCES FROM 1960 TO 2006 Disclaimer The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. ANALYSIS OF “ENERGY BALANCE” OF THE POWER SECTOR OF GEORGIA PART 2: BALANCES FROM 1960 TO 2006 1 CONTENT 1. GENERAL DATA ABOUT GEORGIA-------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX--------------------- 3 2.1 Years 1960 – 1990 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.1.1 Power Sector ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2.1.2 Natural Gas sector ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2.1.3 Coal Industry ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2.1.4 Oil Industry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.1.5 Oil Refinery Industry--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.2 Years 1990 – 2000 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.2.1 Power Sector ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2.2.2 Gas Supply--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.2.3 Coal Industry ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2.2.4 Oil Industry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.3 Energy Potential and Actual Usage Data --------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.3.1 Hydro Energy Resources ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.3.2 Coal Reserves ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.3.3 Oil------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.3.4 Alternative Energy Sources ------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 3. ENERGY BALANCE FOR THE PERIOD OF PLANNED ECONOMY (YEARS 1960 – 1990)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 3.1 Cumulative Balance --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 3.2 Fuel Balance (except clear oil products)---------------------------------------------------------- 3 3.3 Balance of Clear Oil Products---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 3.4 Electricity Balance----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 3.5 Thermal Energy Balance---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 4. EVELUATION OF CURRENT CONDITION (YEARS 2001-2005) OF FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 4.1 Power Sector------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 4.2 Gas Sector--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 4.3 Oil Industry ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 4.4 Coal Production -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 4.5 Renewable Energy Production --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 5. ENERGY BALANCES DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE ----------------------- 3 5.1 Preconditions for Drawing-up Balances ---------------------------------------------------------- 3 5.2 The Goal of the Energy Balance ------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 5.3 Degree of Accuracy of Energy Balance ---------------------------------------------------------- 3 1 This publication was produced by CORE International, Inc. under the USAID Advisory Assistance to the Ministry of Energy of Georgia project, by contractor CORE International. Part 2 “Balances from 1960 to 2006” was prepared by the Independent Consultants Demur Chomakhidze and Shalva Zarandia, contracted by CORE International, Inc. DISCLAIMER: All opinions are those of the authors or the project alone, and do not necessarily reflect any viewpoint or opinion of USAID nor the US Government. “ENERGY BALANCE” OF GEORGIA POWER SECTOR PART 1: BALANCES FROM 1960 TO 2006 Page 3 of 166 5.4 Transitional Period (1991-2000) Balances ------------------------------------------------------- 3 5.5 Energy Balances for the Years 2001-2005 ------------------------------------------------------- 3 6. CONCLUSIONS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 7. ANNEXES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 7.1 Maps --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 7.1.1 High Voltage Network of Georgia (220-500 KV) ----------------------------------------- 3 7.1.2 Main Gas Pipelines of Geogria --------------------------------------------------------------- 3 7.2 Tables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 7.2.1 Soviet Period (Years 1960-1990)------------------------------------------------------------- 3 7.2.2 Years of Independancy (1991-2005)--------------------------------------------------------- 3 7.3 Charts -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 7.3.1 Soviet Period (Years 1960-1990)------------------------------------------------------------- 3 7.3.2 Years of Independency (1991-2005)--------------------------------------------------------- 3 “ENERGY BALANCE” OF GEORGIA POWER SECTOR PART 1: BALANCES FROM 1960 TO 2006 Page 4 of 166 1. GENERAL DATA ABOUT GEORGIA Georgia is a country in the South Caucasus on the border of Europe and Asia. Since 1991 Georgia is an independent democratic country. State Governance is done by the President, Parliament of Georgia, and Courts of Georgia. The President is the head of state and executive government and the Parliament is the highest representative body of the country, which executes legislative policy and governance. The national currency is the Georgian Lari (GEL) applied since 1995. The exchange rate of GEL to US Dollars for the recent period is 1.8. The total area of Georgia is to 69.7 thousand m 2 and a permanent population on January 1, 2005 is 4,5 million persons. The capital of Georgia is Tbilisi with 1,1 million population. Average density of population per m 2 is 65 persons. Total length of the state border is 1969 km, out of which length the land border is 1660 km. The neighboring countries are – from the north, in the Russian Federation: Krasnodar and Stavropol Regions, Kabardin-Balkania, North Osethia, Chechnia and Dagestan; from the east – Azerbaijan; from the south – Armenia and Turkey. From the west is bordered by the Black Sea and the total length of marine border is 308 km. The longest rivers are the Alazani – 390 km, Mtkvari – 351 km, Rioni – 333 km, Enguri – 206 km. The largest lakes are Paravani with surface area of 37,5 km 2, Kartsakhi – 26,3 km2 and Paliastomi – 18,2 km 2. The highest peaks are Shkhara – 5068 m above sea level, Janghitau – 5058 m and Mkinvartsveri – 5047 m. 2/3 of the total territory of Georgia is covered with mountains and the Caucasus Mountain Range occupies 1/3 of the territory of Georgia. There are 6 climate zones. The duration of warm season in the first zone (zone adjacent to the sea) is 120 days, and average temperature is equal to -2 degrees of Celsius. As for the Alpine 6 th climate zone, duration of heating period is 200 days and average temperature is equal to -18 degrees of Celsius. The administrative zones Georgia consist of two autonomous republics: Achara and Abkhazeti and 9 regions: - Samegrelo-Svaneti with 475,8 thousand of population; - Guria – 139 thousand; - Imereti – 707,3 thousand; - Racha – Lechkhumi – 48,9 thousand; - Shida Kartli – 333,9 thousand; - Mtskheta-Tianeti – 121,1 thousand; - Kakheti – 386,5 thousand; - Kvemo Kartli – 531,4 thousand; - Samtskhe-Javakheti – 207, 9 thousand. Georgia has significant potential of internal energy resources, though energy supply of national economy largely depends on the import of primary energy resources. Hydro energy sector is one of the important resources, technical potential of which is approximately estimated at 80 million kWh. In spite of this, only 12 % of total volume of hydro resources is yet used. Total installed capacity of hydro power plants is equal to 2800 MW and total installed capacity of thermal power plants amounts to 1800 MW. The fuel and energy complex is composed of natural gas transportation and distribution sectors, power generation
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