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SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA/GEORGIA In Hallowed Memory of All the Peaceful People Got Killed on the Both Sides in the Armed Confl ict INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY TO BRING A VERDICT ON THE TRAGEDY OF ABKHAZIA/GEORGIA Tbilisi – 2015 1 uak 32 (479.224) 34(479.224) I -69 Author of the project and Chief Editor - Jemal Gamakharia Editorial Board: Ketevan Chigogidze, Giorgi Dgebuadze, Tamar Japaridze, Anzor Latsuzbaia, Givi Lominadze, Tamar Sarjveladze, Mer- ab Turava. Consultant - Mindia Ugrekhelidze Reviewer - Anzor Tsotsonava Book Artist – Nugzar MgalobliShvili Editor-Publisher - Khvicha Kardava The materials refl ecting the ethnic cleansing and genocide against the peaceful Georgian population having place in the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia/Georgia during and after the war of 1992 -1993 are published together with the relevant appraisals. In the book will be presented a list of names of innocent people (among them children, women and elderly people) being mercilessly and brutally killed by the Abkhazian occupants and separatists. Brief review of the political history of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and processes having place there before and after the war are also included into the book. Legislative analyses of the crime being committed in Abkhazia against humanity using the medieval cen- tury methods is made on the basis of the Norms of the International Leg- islation and National Legislation. The psychological analyses describing the real reasons of genocide and mechanisms of cruelty and arbitrariness is also included in the present book. © Jemal Gamakharia, 2015. Technucal editor and image processing Levan Titmeria, Davit Chedia ISBN 978-9941-461-12-5 2 Contents Tragedy of Abkhazia/ Georgia - Holocaust N2 is still running on. Jemal Gamakharia ......................................................................... 5 1. Historical Review and Russian Policy of the Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing. Jemal Gamakharia .......................................... 13 2. Legal Analysis of the Crime of Genocide Committed Against Georgian Civilian Population During the Armed Confl ict of 1992- 1993 in Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia/Georgia. Tamar Japarid- ze ................................................................................................. 45 2.1.Introduction ....................................................................... 47 - Structure of the Report .......................................................... 47 - Scope and Limitations ........................................................... 47 2.2. Commencement of the Investigation ................................ 48 - Events Preceded the Outbreak of the Armed Confl ict ........... 49 - The outbreak and Evolution of the Armed Confl ict ................ 53 - Belligerent Parties ................................................................. 58 2.3. Factual Findings ............................................................... 62 - Gagra District (2 October 1992 - 16 September 1993) ........... 63 - Gudauta District (14 August - 2 October 1992) ..................... 67 - Sokhumi District (16 September 1993 – 27 September 1993) .. 71 - Gulripshi District n(16 September 1993 – 27 September 1993) .. 72 - Ochamchire District (16 September 1993 – 1 December 1993) .. 75 - Gali District (16 September 1993 - 1 December 1993) and (20 May 1998) .................................................................................... 77 2.4. Consequences of the Armed Confl ict ............................... 79 - Forced Displacement ............................................................ 80 2.5. Genocide in Abkhazia in 1992-1993? ............................... 81 - Constitutive Elements of the Crime of Genocide ................... 81 - Special Intent (dolusspecialis) ............................................... 82 - Group .................................................................................... 83 - Whether Georgian Population was perceived as a Group? .. 83 - Killing Members of the Group ................................................ 84 - Causing Serious Bodily or Mental Harm to the Members of the Group ........................................................................................... 85 - Deliberately Infl icting on the Group Conditions of Life Calcu- lated to Bring About its Physical Destruction in Whole or in Part .. 89 - Was Perpetrators’ Intent to Destroy ‘in Whole or in Part’ a Par- ticular Group? ............................................................................... 93 3 - ‘In Part’ .................................................................................. 93 2.6. Retroactive Application of the Article 65 bis of the Criminal Code of Georgia (Crime of Genocide) vis-à-vis Principle of Legality ........ 100 2.7.Conclusion ...................................................................... 108 3. Psychological Analyses of the Genocide having place in Ab- khazia/Georgia. Ketevan Chigogidze ......................................... 112 3.1 Psychological Basis and Factors of Genocide ................. 113 3.2 Subjects Participating in a Genocide ................................ 115 3.3 Psychological Factors Triggering the Violent Crime of the Mil- itary Person ................................................................................ 117 3.4 War and Sadism .............................................................. 119 3.5 Sexual Violence During the War – as a Strategy ............. 123 3.6 Motives of War in Bosnia and Perpetrator Behavior ........ 125 3.7 Negative Psychological Outcome of War and Armed Confl ict .. 127 3.8 For Prevention of Genocide and Criminal Behavior ........ 128 4. A list of Names of the Victims of Genocide and Ethnic Cleans- ing .............................................................................................. 129 4.1. District of Gagra ............................................................. 129 4.2. District of Gudauta .......................................................... 153 4.3. Town Sokhumi ................................................................ 161 4.4. District of Sokhumi .......................................................... 220 4.5. District of Gulripshi .......................................................... 243 4.6. District of Ochamchire .................................................... 284 4.7. Town Tkhvarcheli ............................................................ 322 4.8. District of Gali ................................................................. 334 5. Appendix 392 5.1 An open letter to the President of the Russian Federation from the Intelligentsia of Moscow 394 5.2 Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 3 June 2015 .. 395 4 Tragedy of Abkhazia/Georgia – Holocaust N2 is still running on The ethnic cleansing and genocide having place in 1992-1993 in the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia can be compared only with the mass massacre of the Hebrew people (and not only them) by the Fascist Germany during the World War the II, thus we can also call it Ho- locaust N2. Though this comparison is conditional. The thing is, that in the light of the unbelievable tragedy having place in Abkhazia the Nazi murderers and mean eaters look like “humanists” and “merciful creatures”. It is true, that Holocaust N1 leaves behind the scales of the catastrophe of the organized slaughter house in Abkhazia, but in terms of cruelty and non human behavior Holocaust N2 has no analogues in the modern world. It goes without saying, that the both forms of the holocaust has a lot of resemblance, but we have to mark, that the victims of the Georgian Holocaust in Abkhazia were deprived of the “priviledges” and “benefi ts” of those being in the Nazi captivity and doomed to death used and had. E.g. instead of being beheaded, cut to pieces, burnt alive, buried alive, had their bellies ripped, all of them, including the pregnant women would willingly choose to become the captives of the occupants and go to the concentration camps and especially to the ghettos and allow them to carry out the cruelest tests on them, but unfortunately they were deprived of that “happiness” as well. One more essential difference between the Georgain and Hebrew Holocausts is, that together with the end of the second World War the Hebrew holocaust was ended for ever and it was condemned by the whole civilized world and in the fi rst place the German Nation itself. Admitting and then condemning its own crime is the characteristic fea- ture of a nation culturally and politically great, strong and dignifi ed. The German nation is really great, strong and diginifi ed. The Georgian Holocaust is going on in Abkhazia even after the end of the war (in 1993) and there is no bottom to it, as the author of the above mentioned halacaust is not yet going to admit its own crime. The authors of the Hebrew Holocaust - its ideologists and execu- tors were approprtiately punished. The main creator of the Georgian holocaust - The Military and Political authorities of Russian Federation has never been demanded response, fi rst because of the respect towards “democrat” Boris Eltsin and then because of the fear towards Vladimir Putin. It is not the fi rst case, as we’ll see below in the fi rst chapter when Russian performed ethnic cleansing and genocide on the territory of 5 Abkhazia. In the 60-70 - ies of the 19th century Russia killed or drove into Turkey the unbroken Circassians and related to them Abkhazians. At the end of the 20-ies century the same Russia performs the mass
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