Annual Report 2002 Contents 1Key events 2002 2Statement from the President 5Student Union view 6Focus on results 7Undergraduate programmes 14 IT University in Göteborg 15 Doctoral programmes 20 Research 27 Continuing professional development 29 Educational development 30 Dialogue with the community 34 International networks 37 People and know-how 40 New professors – new knowledge 42 Architecture 43 Chemical and Biological Engineering 44 Civil Engineering 45 Computer Science and Engineering 46 Electrical Engineering 47 Environmental Sciences 48 Mathematical Sciences 49 Mechanical Engineering 50 Physics and Engineering Physics 51 Technology Management and Economics 52 Chalmers Lindholmen University College 54 Microtechnology Centre, MC2 55 Onsala Space Observatory 56 Chalmers Library 57 Working environment and safety 58 The Chalmers Campus 60 Chalmers Board of Directors 60 Management and Organisation 62 Financial Report – Chalmers University of Technology AB 64 Financial Report – Chalmers University of Technology Foundation 69 Statistical overview – trends 1992-2002

The cover picture shows laser ablation equipment used to evaporate oxides, mainly high-temperature superconductors, with the aid of very short, intensive laser pulses of ultraviolet light. The evaporated material grows epitaxially on a substrate of, for example, sapphire, which is kept at a temperature of around 800°C. A pattern for electronic circuits is created from the thin films. Key events 2002

Despite a fall in the number of applicants for the BScEng and MScEng programmes throughout the country Chalmers succeeded in filling all its places.

Increase in the number of BScEng graduates.

Successful expansion of the IT University continues.

Record number of PhDs awarded.

Increase in proportion of female PhDs, far exceeding the Chalmers target.

Number of professors continues to increase.

Major research funding for microelectronics and materials science.

International evaluators give MC2 and the Onsala Space Observatory high ratings.

Founding of Wingquist Centre for production development.

Rolls-Royce chooses Chalmers as its first university centre outside the UK. Chalmers in a global perspective Swedish research financing The world is changing rapidly and during 2002 we saw in a state of imbalance many examples. The way in which the global economy Research, higher education and the development of has developed during the year has brought home to us know-how are of vital importance to the advancement of exactly how vulnerable society is at the present time. society. Despite the fact that society’s view of research is The downturn on the stock market has had a drastic different from what it was twenty years ago, a clear effect on Chalmers’ potential for renewal “contract” with society is definitely lacking. A possi- and has highlighted even further the need ble exception in Sweden is the belief in the role of for cost reductions. Extreme weather universities and colleges as the driving force in conditions during the year exemplified the development of regional welfare. All regions clearly the major impact modern socie- want a university and all, or at least almost all, ty is having on the environment. In colleges are seeking to become universities. Sweden, the level of consumption The conditions for Swedish universities, continued to be high, despite the however, have changed over the past decline on the stock market, and twenty years. This change has re- Christmas trade in 2002 once sulted in an imbalance between again reached record levels. what we are expected to It is important, however, to achieve and what we actually never lose sight of the fact achieve, the costs this work that the situation in many entails and the income the parts of the world is com- University has at its disposal pletely different. for this purpose. The number of places on study pro- grammes and the number of colleges/universities have expanded considerably whilst the so-called faculty grants, which are the Universi- ty’s own resources for research, have remained static. These funds have always been the very founda- 2002 – a tion of successful Swedish research and the universities have been able to use them for independent, prioritised research work or for urgent additions turbulent to research projects. This potential for using faculty funds has now been seriously curtailed. year Such a conclusion could be deemed strange in the light of the fact that Chalmers’ turnover over the past More than one-quarter of the world’s twenty years, measured in present-day population are suffering from serious monetary terms, has doubled. malnutrition, one-third of the world’s The majority of this increase (85%) population do not have access to comes from external research funding electricity and almost one in four is from research councils and founda- illiterate. The greatest challenge of all tions and secured in strong competi- therefore is to create a sustainable tion. Faculty funds have only increased society – an ecological, economic and marginally. During the same period the socially sustainable society. Universi- number of students has increased ties must play an important role in from 3,000 to 8,500 and the number of this development. At Chalmers we have PhDs per year has increased from just demonstrated that we are prepared to share over 30 to 130. This is an indication of a the responsibility by working systematically to rein- significant and very impressive im- force our education programmes and our research and provement in productivity, which at by using new knowledge and expertise in areas that are first sight appears both sound and correct. We ought, of relevance to the emergence of a sustainable society. with the aid of modern information technology tools and A clear example of this is the substantial contribution other means, to be able to rationalise and achieve a being made to development within the framework of higher level of productivity within certain limits but AGS, the Alliance for Global Sustainability. This is some- behind this trend there is a reality that gives cause for thing we can all feel justly proud of. great concern.

2 The University today does not have its own means to Many of our researchers have also received awards and provide the necessary infrastructure. When external fund- special excellence grants. Professors Björn Jonson in ing was low, and turnover even lower, the faculty funds physics, Olle Häggström in mathematics and Mats Viberg could be used to meet the needs that arose when, e.g. the in electrical engineering have all received so-called external research grants did not fully cover the costs. excellent researcher awards from the Swedish Research Present-day faculty funds are totally inadequate to Council. Another example is Professor Owe Orwar, whose achieve full cost coverage for research. There is a tangible research has been encouraged with both awards and risk that quality, the distinguishing mark of Swedish re- financial investments. His pioneering work in developing search, will fall and researchers will be compelled to reject new analytical tools for use in basic biophysical research financing that does not cover all costs. This is something I and pharmaceutical development has attracted consid- view with considerable unease. This feeling is unfortunate- erable attention in many quarters. ly not shared by many of our politicians, with their argu- ments about incorrect calculations. In reality, all research- ers are feeling the effects of this undermining of the resource base and the level of stress in the system today is considerable. A sad but very concrete implication of lack of resources is the fact that Chalmers during the year was forced to rationalise and close down certain areas and for the first time this has led to redundancies. If we are to avoid meeting the future defensively, a change must come about. Striking a balance between the univer- sities’ own unrestricted resources and resources of a more directed nature is important for the universities’ future potential to continue to play a central role in the develop- ment of society. It is in the interaction and dynamism between independent and dependent research that development has taken place and will continue to take place in the future. In a totally independent situation it would be easy to rebuild the ivory tower that once existed although on the other hand pure market adaptation would lead to the University ceasing to be a university – we would lose our soul and the potential for making major discoveries. Today, faculty funds account for just 25% of the total research resources at Chalmers.

Research in focus During 2002, many researchers at Chalmers demonstrated what they were capable of and secured funds from a whole series of financing sources: from the Swedish Re- Success for the Chalmers innovation system search Council, research foundations, the EU and industrial Alongside the development of successful research we have contracts. Within the materials and microelectronics fields continued to develop Chalmers’ own innovation system. It is major framework grants and funds for the setting up of particularly important in the development of society that new centres have been awarded to Chalmers researchers. the knowledge created is used in activities that generate The microelectronics field has received SEK 60 million long-term growth. Chalmers is therefore working intensively from the Foundation for Strategic Research over a five- to develop a systems perspective that encourages the year period for research into high-speed electronics and development of expertise, innovative operations and entre- photonics, and a further SEK 30 million for the develop- preneurship. ment of nano-components. Chalmers School of Entrepreneurship, Chalmers Invest and We are also very happy by the fact that the Chalmers Chalmers Innovation at the Stena Center are three key Microtechnology Centre, MC2, has emerged very well from elements that will be of increasing importance to the long- the evaluation made by a team of international experts at term development of Chalmers as an innovative, entrepre- the request of the Swedish Research Council and Vinnova. neurial university. The three largest semiconductor laboratories in Sweden One example of the Chalmers innovation system bearing have been evaluated and MC2 at Chalmers received the fruit emerged during the year with the results of the Nutek highest rating. This reinforces our conviction that Chalm- and Vinnova national ‘Win now competition’. New technolo- ers has the best-equipped process laboratory at any gy and knowledge companies had been invited to compete university in the world and we also have many excellent for development support. A total of 429 applications were researchers in this field. submitted and 20 winners were announced, each of which received a grant of SEK 300,000. Of these 20, eight were linked to Chalmers and seven were at Chalmers Innovation.

3 create new combinations, resulting in a special profes- sional profile or the start of a research programme. Chalmers will continue the successful efforts that have been made to date to increase the number of interna- tional students on our MSc programmes.

The new IT University Despite the fact that the IT industry, and particularly the telecommunications field, has experienced major prob- lems, the programmes that have been started together with Göteborg University within the framework of the IT University in Göteborg continued to attract many stu- dents. Apart from the 1.5 year (60 credit points) pro- grammes, a 3 year (120 credit points) BSc programme in Software Engineering and Management was started. The development of the programmes within the IT University at Lindholmen is opening up new structures in co-opera- tion with the companies that have established them- Positive elements in selves in the area. Proximity, common areas of interest undergraduate programmes and inter-disciplinary interaction are paving the way for Undergraduate programmes are the foundation of all the creation of new, innovative concepts, which will activities at Chalmers and the task of developing differ- continue to attract a large number of students. ent parts of our programmes has been pursued inten- sively during the year. Recruitment to engineering pro- Interaction grammes is still a problem nationally, with falling interest Chalmers Lindholmen has continued to be reinforced among young people. Chalmers was, however, above the during the year and the science park is assuming an national average and this is something we are pleased increasingly distinct form. Chalmers Lindholmen is an about. important and integral part of Chalmers and a great deal The overall undergraduate results for 2002 are good. The of the work done there during the year focused on the number of full-time students has increased by over 500 development of undergraduate programmes and on compared with last year and it is very encouraging to see interaction with the companies that are being estab- that the throughput has improved. This is of course lished at Norra Älvstranden. partly a result of the current economic climate but we At the same time, strategic work has commenced that also see it as a result of the work that has been done in will have its starting point in the development of an recent years to improve the students’ situation, both with internationally competitive education programme and in regard to education and the study-social conditions. the potential offered by the close regional interaction at Funds from the Chalmers Foundation are being used to Lindholmen. It is important that it is possible to influence renew teaching methods and study materials. Chalmers’ future externally. Demands and expectations, values and economic conditions in society will influence The Bologna process our orientation, our objectives and our organisation. During 2002, a great deal of energy was devoted to Despite the concern I have expressed I am proud of the discussing and analysing education at Chalmers in rela- results we have achieved, both in research and educa- tion to the changes that are taking place throughout the tion, and I am grateful for the solid work being done by rest of Europe. The Bologna process, which is aimed at personnel and students, who have together made creating greater potential in Europe for students to move Chalmers what it is today. between different universities, will have an impact on our education structure. This trend will also lead to the students finding it easier to change study orientation or Jan-Eric Sundgren, President

4 Chalmers of the 2002 Student Union view operating year

The past year has been a turbulent year for Chalmers. dent exchange on the undergraduate A difficult economic climate and organisational discus- level within the European Union. This sions within the University have dominated co-operation process will have major implications for between Chalmers and the Student Union. The dialogue undergraduate programmes and at is open and positive and collaboration between the Chalmers intensive work is being done Student Union and Chalmers is good. to produce a local plan for how adapta- tion will be implemented. Equality This issue has also involved the man- As a university, Chalmers has for a long time been criti- agement of the University, which is cised for being somewhat lacking in equality. In quantita- now prepared to make a decision that tive terms this is true. Only one of the nineteen newly- will lead to extensive changes. A great appointed professors, for example, is a woman. If, how- deal of energy has been devoted to ever, one looks at the attitude of the university manage- ensuring that the University is well ment the picture is different. In qualitative terms they adapted to the new system although have come a long way on the management level and the the feeling at the Student Union is that University needs to focus more on spreading this atti- a more flexible view is required. What tude to the departmental level. one tends to forget is that this is a Finances and limits lengthy process and at the present Chalmers is a strictly decentralised organisation with all time it lacks detailed objectives. Imple- the advantages and disadvantages this entails. In these menting changes too quickly could be times of cutbacks certain features become more appar- fatal, particularly as on the European ent than others. There is a risk that the will to maintain level vocational programmes have not the existing power relationship within the University will yet been taken into account. lead to solutions that have a negative impact on educa- Internationalisation and tional quality. recruitment Despite this, the Chalmers management have declared Despite the savings that have been unequivocally that the quality of education will remain made during the year the choice has Student Union high and that it should be complemented with a rich been to prioritise internationalisation of the course Chairman social life. The cuts that have been made have as yet not programmes. It is vital for the students that Chalmers Petter Bergström had any detrimental effect on education in the long term continues to prioritise international profiling even in although further cuts would make this a distinct poss- education and we welcome this wholeheartedly. There ibility. has also been a realisation of the problems resulting There have been discussions regarding the organisation from the focus on international students and prior to the of the course programmes in recent years. One proposal next academic year a decision has been made to slow would quite simply entail moving control of undergradu- down the rate of admission of international students ate programmes from the Chalmers schools to a central until an acceptable service level can be offered to them. body. During autumn 2002 this issue was resolved and Housing resulted in a formalisation of the power relationship One of the problems that remains to be resolved before between those who are responsible purely for education Chalmers can once again begin to increase the rate of and those who have overall responsibility for the school’s admission of international students is access to housing finances. The debate was intensive, with the best inter- in Göteborg. It is important to point out that this prob- ests of education and the students being heralded by lem is common to all students who move here. If the both sides. Even if a clearer division of responsibility has universities in the region want to continue to recruit been achieved we maintain that a buying/selling situa- motivated students they must play an active role in the tion between those who co-ordinate education and social debate and in other ways help the existing student those who provide education would have been a better housing companies. incentive for working with quality and educational de- velopment. By way of summary, it can be said that during the year external factors have forced the University to make a Internationalisation of series of tough decisions. Despite the difficult economic undergraduate programmes climate Chalmers has still opted to prioritise high quality Other aspects of undergraduate programmes are also in its education. ❖ undergoing major changes at Chalmers. In 1999, a long process started in Bologna to increase the level of stu-

5 Financial results Chalmers, including Chalmers Lind- with regard to contributions to fixed assets. Income from Focus on holmen University College reported public research foundations fell by SEK 5 million (–4 %). a loss after financial items of SEK 40 Income from the Chalmers Foundation fell by SEK 41 million (–58). The figures in brackets million (–16 %), following a decision to reduce grants. results refer to 2001. The loss was equiva- EU grants increased by SEK 14 million (39 %) as a result of lent to 2 % of the income. a greater focus on EU projects.

Misc. 5 % EU 2 % The loss includes depreciation costs totalling SEK 50 Chalmers’ ten largest research funding bodies accounted Financial 1 % Public million (67), which are covered in the balance sheet by for 75 % (78) of the income for research and doctoral foundations 7 % a shareholder’s contribution received as a result of a programmes. In the undergraduate programmes, the change in accounting principles. The net operating largest source of funding, the Ministry of Education and profit, the profit after financial items, excluding depre- Chalmers Science, accounted for 86 % (83) of the income. Foundation Ministry of ciation costs covered by the above shareholder’s con- 10 % Education and State financing of education and research accounted for Science tribution, is thus SEK 10 million (9). Net interest income/ Companies 46 % 63 % of the income, an increase of one percentage point etc. 12 % expense was SEK –22 million (1), which is SEK 23 million compared with the previous year. Other state down on the outcome for the preceding year. The fall funding 17 % can be attributed mainly to the fact that the financial part of the pension cost has risen by SEK 20 million (see Expenses Total income in 2002 amounted also under Expenses below) and to a fall in interest Costs amounted to SEK 2,112 million (2,041), which is an to SEK 2,072 million. income as a result of lower average liquidity. increase of SEK 71 million (3 %).

Personnel costs have increased by SEK 21 million (2 %). Depreciation Financial 2 % 8 % Income According to generally accepted accounting principles, Income during the financial year amounted to SEK part of the occupational pension cost which is entered as 2,072 million (1,983), which is an increase of SEK 89 a liability is reported as a financial cost. Between 2001 and 2002 this part increased by SEK 20 million, due Premises million (4 %). Income from the Ministry of Education 17 % and Science increased by SEK 58 million (6 %), due mainly to interest changes, which meant that the person- Personnel nel cost was lower and the financial cost SEK 20 million 52 % mainly to the increase in the number of students and the improved performance level. Other state grants higher. If the personnel costs are adjusted for this effect, Miscellaneous 21 % increased by SEK 13 million (4 %). Contributions from the increase in actual personnel costs is SEK 41 million companies and other organisations increased by (4 %). This increase can be attributed to the 2002 wage SEK 69 million (41 %), with funding by the Wallenberg agreement. The cost of premises increased by SEK 8 Total expenses in 2002 Foundation increasing by SEK 35 million, among other million (2 %), which can be explained by the fact that amounted to SEK 2,112 million. things as a result of changes in accounting principles redeveloped premises were brought into use during the year. Depreciation costs increased by SEK 5 million (3 %), due mainly to capitalisation of investments made in previous years in MC2. Other costs have increased by SEK Chalmers, including Chalmers Lindholmen University College 26 million (6 %), which can be attributed mainly to grants Operating results 2002 2001 2000 1999 made to Chalmers-linked organisations. Undergraduate programmes, graduates 1,415 1,383 1,346 1,294 Doctoral programmes: PhDs 130 115 94 104 Operating results Doctoral programmes: Licentiates 172 140 149 133 Referee-examined scientific articles 1,800 1,650 1,750 1,650 Undergraduate programmes Other articles 900 900 1,000 900 The number of degrees awarded totalled 1,415, which is an increase on the previous year. During the year, 755 Income (SEK m) MScEng and MArch degrees were awarded, which is 44 Ministry of Education and Science 950 892 836 817 fewer than in 2001. Other state grants and assignments 356 343 341 349 Grants/assignments from companies etc. 238 169 160 163 Doctoral programmes Public foundation grants 135 140 130 92 The number of PhDs awarded was 130, an increase of 15 EU grants 50 36 36 35 compared with the previous year. This is the highest Chalmers Foundation 212 253 259 237 number ever. The number of women taking a PhD has Miscellaneous 104 111 115 151 Financial income 27 39 24 8 increased gradually and in 2002 totalled 38 (29 % of the Total income 2,072 1,983 1,901 1,852 total). The number of licentiate degrees awarded was 172, which is an increase of 32 compared with the Expenses previous year. Personnel costs 1,098 1 077 1 097 1 007 Cost of premises 349 341 279 261 Scientific articles Other operating costs 454 428 416 458 The number of referee-examined scientific articles pub- Depreciation 162 157 159 153 lished and conference contributions totalled 1,800. In Financial costs 49 38 33 25 addition, there were 900 other scientific reports etc. ❖ Total expenses 2,112 2,041 1,984 1,904

Loss – 40 – 58 – 83 – 52

6 Aim It was Chalmers’ aim during 2002 to have 8,500 stu- dents, calculated on a full-year basis, which with a pass rate of 85% would generate SEK 573 million. This is very close to the ceiling of SEK 575 million. The Ministry of Education and Science assignment stipulated 8,750 full-year students, a figure that could not be met in the light of the ceiling set for the year. It has also been Chalmers’ aim to recruit, through the enthusiastic presentation of factual information, the most suitable students onto its programmes and to increase diversity within the student groups. Chalmers’ aim is to continually improve undergraduate programmes through educational development and improvement of the study-social environment.

Recruitment and admissions Chalmers’ new recruitment project was run for the first full working year. Improved co-ordination within the project has led to more efficient use of resources, allowing Chalmers to attend more fairs and exhibi- tions, visit more schools and receive more visits from young people. Increasing the number of women on Chalmers pro- grammes, especially in those areas which by tradition have a small proportion of women, is an area of partic- ular importance. Efforts have been made to under- stand the reasons why women tend not to choose engineering programmes. Women students are very much involved in recruitment and take part regularly in fairs and school visits. This year Chalmers has again arranged special information days for female high school students. Technology competitions have been run for secondary school students in Years 6 and 8. Chalmers has again this year run recruitment campaigns together with other universities of technology. There are now ten Swedish universities and colleges that have the right to award MScEng degrees and which also co-ordinate their participation in the major knowledge fairs. Stu- dents from virtually all the programmes are involved in the recruitment campaign. The demand for engineering programmes for autumn 2002 fell throughout the country while at the same time the number of places on the MScEng and BScEng Undergraduate programmes increased. For Chalmers, the number of first-option applicants for the programmes fell by approximately 3 %. However, this did not prevent the Programmes admission points for certain programmes increasing. For the MScEng programme in Industrial Design Engi- neering there were, after the first selection, students on the reserve list with the highest possible grades. There is a clear polarisation of admission points, with the number of points increasing for programmes that are in most demand and falling for programmes that are in less demand. Places on Chalmers’ programmes were filled after a certain reallocation between the various programmes. Both the BScEng and MScEng programmes in Electrical Engineering and Chemical Engineering found it diffi-

7 Demand, undergraduate programmes 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999 and 1998.

First-option applicants, autumn 1 First-year students 4 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1 All applicants for the Int. MScEng 2,625 2,896 3,003 3,153 2,911 1,439 1,491 1,396 1,308 1,253 MSc, Marine officers and Int. MSc 1,867 1,413 943 830 529 390 286 204 139 127 Advanced courses. 2 MArch 643 566 546 395 345 93 89 84 85 77 Including Marine engineering. 2 BScEng 568 658 755 736 838 529 542 605 573 543 3 Including BSc in Marine officers 3 280 276 326 322 365 56 79 61 124 77 Shipping and Logistics. Advanced courses 320 312 285 275 369 135 185 140 199 124 4 Including admissions to 3rd and 4th year Engineering prep. year 401 405 345 390 433 271 213 188 125 117

Admissions and MArch and MScEng programmes graduations, MArch, First-option MScEng and applicants BScEng 3,500 persons programmes at Chalmers. The

graduation graphs 3,000 are displaced by three and five years respectively, compared with the 2,500 admissions, which is equivalent to the approximate average study time. 2,000

1,500 BScEng programmes Admissions, Year 1

1,000 persons 1,000

First-option applicants Graduates 500 500 Admissions, Year 1 Graduates 0 0 Autumn1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Autumn 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2001 2002 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

4.5-year MScEng/MArch programmes Results, Year 1 Term 2 Graduates Men A Architecture Term 1 Women 40 points (average) 200 persons Bt Bioengineering D Computer Science and Engineering E Electrical Engineering F Engineering Physics

30 150 I Industrial Engineering and Management It Information Engineering K Chemical Engineering Kf Chemical Engineering with Engineering Physics M Mechanical Engineering 20 100 Td Industrial Design Engineering V Civil Engineering Z Automation and Mechatronics Engineering 3-year BScEng programmes 10 50 Au Building Technology, Business Development and Entrepreneurship Bi Building and Civil Engineering Di Computer Engineering Ei Electrical Engineering 0 0 Ki Chemical Engineering Admitted 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 ADEFIKKfMVZBiDiEiKiMiSkBt Si Me Mechatronics Engineering Study results for first-year Graduates in 2002. Mi Mechanical Engineering MScEng and MArch students Si Marine Engineering admitted from autumn 1996 to Sk Merchant Marine Officer 2002. Sl Shipping and Logistics

8 cult to recruit and just about filled all the places. This was Number of women in Year 1 Women, Year 1 compensated for within Chalmers as a whole, with over- as a percentage, autumn 2002. 100 % admission on other programmes. The demand for the engineering preparatory year has increased continually 90 and the number of places has risen considerably, result- 80 Proportion of women ing in all those who were qualified being accepted. admitted onto the under- The number of female first-year students this year re- 70 graduate programmes at Chalmers. mained on the 25 % level for the MScEng programmes 60 and fell to 17 % on the BScEng programmes. The trend Women admitted showed that the number of women increased in pro- 50 50 % grammes that already had a large proportion of women 40 40 and fell in electrical engineering and computer engineer- MArch/MScEng ing, which were already experiencing difficulty in recruit- 30 30 programmes ing women. 20 20 Recruitment onto the English language international BScEng programmes 10 masters programmes has been particularly good. There 10 were a total of 1,867 applicants for the 19 programmes. 0 0 Of these, 913 were accepted and 390 subsequently ADEFIItKKfBt MTdV ZAu BiDi Ei Ki MiMe Si Sk Sl Autumn 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 commenced the programmes.

Validation and actual know-how During the year, a special project has been run to formu- years of commencement. A figure which has been fol- late methods for the validation of foreign certificates, lowed for several years is the average number of points specific merits and actual know-how. The project has taken during the first year. This figure includes all stu- been run with the aid of resources made available for dents who are admitted, even those who leave after this purpose by the Ministry for Education and Science. taking just a few points. There are clear indications that The work directed at immigrant academics in many cases the average figure is increasing, the main reason proba- took place in co-operation with the County Employment bly being the fact that students who remain on the Board and the Employment Exchange. Contact was also programmes perform better than previously. made with those responsible for validation in the adult education sector. The staff responsible for assessment at Programme development the National Agency for Higher Education and at the The task of changing the MScEng programme in Industri- National Higher Education Admissions Office have been al Engineering and Management has continued accord- particularly valuable partners. ing to plan. The development of this programme has Around one hundred immigrant academics received been an important component in the work of adapting advice and support to find complementary programmes the Chalmers programme structure to the so-called or in some cases a full course programme. An important Bologna Process. part of this work was to find ways to supplement eligibil- At the School of Chemical and Biological Engineering ity without the actual commencement of studies being the course range has been changed in favour of larger delayed unnecessarily. With special input from the Carl Larsson Scholarship courses and with greater integration between the differ- Department of Language and Communication, and Johanna Bocian has been on ent elements of chemistry and also with the integration with courses taken from the Chalmers engineering the Chalmers MArch of mathematics with chemistry. The link has also been preparatory year, the time was used well by those who programme since 1997 and has reinforced by the fact that an individual teacher follows a have applied. been named as one of this group of students through several parts of the pro- year’s recipients of the Carl Another important part of the project was to dissemi- gramme instead of the more traditional approach, where Larsson Scholarship for her nate knowledge about the work being done at Chalmers each teacher taught his/her speciality and then handed display of unusual and in this area and to draw the attention of faculty members the group over to the next teacher. convincing conceptual clarity and other personnel to these new student groups. Semi- and keenness in her Chalmers has for several years pursued ongoing devel- nars and lectures also took place dealing with credits for architectural approach. Her opment to broaden the programme perspectives. Since foreign education and the new demands a heterogene- work is characterised by great 1984, it has been compulsory for the MScEng degree to ous student group places on the running of a course detail and analytical lucidity as include a number of seminar days or a course in humani- programme. well as her graphic and oral ties and social sciences. In December 2002, a decision presentations. The scholarship was made that the MArch and MScEng programmes is worth SEK 40,000. Throughflow should include at least five points within the above- The Carl Larsson Scholarship Chalmers is continuing its work of following the students’ mentioned areas. These courses will be planned within Fund is aimed at fostering performance for each admission block and for each the framework of the normal course programmes. In artistic activities at the artistic programme. It is still the case that the total study time is addition, a decision was made that students on the departments at Göteborg relatively long, due in part to study breaks and in part to MScEng programmes can be credited with 20 points in University and at the School of Architecture at Chalmers. other parallel activities. For several programmes only half social sciences and/or humanities as part of their 180- of those who are admitted actually graduate within six point programmes.

9 International MSc New programmes Follow-up of undergraduate programmes is taking place 1,900 persons The activities co-ordinated with Göteborg University in co-operation with Linköping University of Technology within the IT University have been expanded with the and is founded on both questionnaire-based material 1,800 addition of a number of new programmes, of which and application statistics, study results and graduations. 1,700 Chalmers is responsible for four: During the year, Chalmers and Linköping University of 1,600 Technology agreed on a method for using the study –Art and Technology documentation system for follow-up. At the same time, a 1,500 –Entertainment Design and Technology standardised questionnaire was developed to pick up 1,400 – Information Systems in Logistics students’ views on the study situation. 1,300 –Intelligent Systems Design The students’ involvement is mainly in the quality work 1,200 All these programmes are based on the earlier BSc pro- dealing with education. It is therefore with some satisfac- Applications 1,100 grammes within each area, comprising at least 100 tion that we can see active student involvement in the

1,000 points. Recruitment has been very good, particularly course and programme evaluations as well as in devel- bearing in mind the fact that this is the IT field with all its opment work. The students are not only represented on 900 current problems. the boards and committees but also in the University 800 management group and its working committees. On 700 International programmes average, the president and vice-presidents have ongoing informal discussions with the Student Union every two 600 At Chalmers Lindholmen a master’s programme started weeks. 500 in autumn 2002 in collaboration with Northumbria University in Newcastle, England. The programme, which 400 390 is based on a 120-point programme, comprises 60 points. National evaluations 300 286 Five new international MSc programmes were offered in During 2002, Chalmers took part in five national evalua- 200 204 157 autumn 2002: tions of programmes and subjects. Two evaluations have 135 150 100 been completed and reports were presented during the –Electrical Power Engineering 0 year. This applies to the mathematical programmes and – Hardware for Wireless Communications Autumn 9798 99 00 01 02 the marine engineer and master mariner programmes. –Naval Architecture The former evaluates only doctoral programmes even if Applicants and admissions, –Radio Astronomy and Space Science the undergraduate programmes are also commented on. International MSc programmes. –Turbulence Mathematics in the undergraduate programmes is dealt with in detail in the evaluations made of the different All the new programmes are, as is the case for the four- course programmes at Chalmers. Both reports give their teen older programmes, within areas in which Chalmers approval of the programmes at Chalmers but do not go has strong research expertise. The new programmes into any depth in their analysis of the education results. have had a good level of recruitment from the very However, it is proposed that a number of measures be outset. International MSc taken to reinforce the programmes. For the marine engi- programmes at Chalmers neering and master mariner programmes it is empha- Advanced Materials Quality sised that the university aspects need to be reinforced Applied Environmental Chalmers’ quality work during 2002 has been directed at and that the programme should be linked more strongly Measurement Techniques continuing Chalmers’ strategic focus on renewal in un- to relevant research. The conditions within the mathe- Automotive Engineering dergraduate programmes (C-SELT), improved follow-up matics programme are dealt with in more detail than the Bioinformatics systems, improving the efficiency of support processes programme results. Recommendations include the need Complex Adaptive Systems and involvement in national evaluations. for more written and oral presentation and increased Dependable Computer Systems pedagogical renewal. Digital Communication Systems The three other evaluations have not yet been complet- and Technology ed and the reports are expected during 2003. Electric Power Engineering Engineering Mathematics Environmentally Sustainable Process Technology International exchange 2002 spr aut 2001 spr aut 2000 spr aut 1999 spr aut Hardware for Wireless Chalmers students at Communications foreign education establishments Fourth Year Abroad 39 53 50 53 50 57 47 49 Management of Production SOKRATES/ERASMUS 43 55 50 59 55 47 69 53 Management of Logistics and Nordic programmes 7 8 5 7 6 5 9 5 Transportation UNITECH —10 —— ———— Nanoscale Science and Total 89 126 105 119 111 109 125 107 Technology Foreign students at Chalmers Naval Architecture International MSc programmes 307 590 237 418 215 291 191 268 Radio Astronomy and SOKRATES/ERASMUS 104 167 99 100 67 89 76 59 Space Science Nordic programmes 7 7 5 7 17 14 9 14 Sound and Vibration Bilateral exchanges 16 16 13 20 4 5 — — UNITECH —10 —— ———— Structural Engineering Total 434 790 354 545 303 399 276 341 Turbulence

10 Chalmers Formula Student

In 2001 a training programme started under the name Chalmers After a very intensive first project year, activities at Formula Student. The aim is that students, mainly during their Formula Student at Chalmers have stabilised and final year, should have the opportunity under project-based assumed more normal working forms. A solid effort by forms to apply their acquired theoretical knowledge to open, a very closely-knit team turned the impossible into practical problems. The collective theme for all the open prob- true feel-good story. With them on the way home, lems is a ‘whole car concept’, which during the project period is apart from many impressions and valuable experience, led, developed and produced entirely by the students. The the formula team also had a trophy and prize money. project year is concluded with the students shipping their cars to The prize was the ‘FISITA and Formula Student Or- England to take part in an international university race known ganisers’ Prize for Best Endeavour 2002’. The team as ‘Formula Student’. could hardly have hoped for a finer and more suitable prize in the light of the immense fighting spirit they have shown. (FISITA, Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d’Ingénieurs des Techniques de l’Automobile)

The Formula project is now setting its sights firmly on the future. In July 2003 it will be time to compete once again. Then the Chalmers students will not only go there to compete but also to compete more seriously. The project is now linked more closely to the course programme and has been integrated into more courses and education projects. With more time, experience and a better organisation the work can proceed more methodically and more in line with engineering princi- ples and in doing so achieve higher objectives with a high degree of technical and educational innovation.

11 Study social issues Göteborg, as is the case at many other university centres, has a considerable shortage of student accommodation. Co-ordinated This situation is particularly difficult at the beginning of the autumn term and is even more difficult for the inter- national students. To tackle this problem, Chalmers allo- cated considerable personnel and financial resources in recruitment autumn 2002 with the aim of finding accommodation for ERASMUS students and other international students. During 2002, a joint Chalmers student The Chalmers management group continued to conduct recruitment project was developed to a dialogue during the year with student housing founda- co-ordinate, improve efficiency and tions and municipal leaders about the importance of student accommodation. In preparation for the autumn increase clarity in the recruitment term, Chalmers built its own student accommodation in process. The joint activities had support the Vasa area, where a former nursing home has been in the recruitment groups at the schools. converted into housing for international students. At several schools/programmes the During the year, a survey was conducted among Chalm- students are responsible for brochure ers’ students to monitor the occurrence of sexual harass- and web information about the course ment. The results are in the process of being compiled programmes. Educational visits and and analysed. visits to schools are other examples of the recruitment groups’ areas of re- Results sponsibility. Chalmers’ education assignment for 2002 was 8,750 full- Examples of school activities year students. The internal objective was 8,500. At Chalm- at Chalmers during the year: ers, 8,594 full-year students accounted for 7,305 full-year In November, an Open House was performances. Of the reported full-year students, 3.1 % arranged at Chalmers for many ages. are within humanities or social sciences, others within ‘Technology Road Show for Girls’ – an natural sciences or engineering. The performance level of activity run in collaboration with the 85.0 % differs only marginally from last year’s figure of Technical Society – where girls who are 85.5 %. interested in technology have the op- Chalmers has utilised 99.9 % of its normal ceiling amount portunity to visit Chalmers and compa- but only a very small proportion (3 %) of the resources For the third year in succession Chalmers nies in the engineering industry. from the Net University. Ten students took part in Chalm- was one of the twelve colleges/universities in ers courses at the Net University, which started in March In March, Chalmers arranged the the country involved in arranging 2002 as a collaborative venture between Swedish univer- ‘Technology Year Eight’ – a knowledge Chalmers Days to inform, in the first sities and colleges focusing on IT-supported distance competition aimed at over 40,000 Year 8 instance, high school students and adult learning. students throughout the country. students. This collaborative venture During the year, Chalmers had 39 MArch and 716 MScEng with Göteborg University and Göte- graduates. This is a fall of 44 in the number of MScEng borg & Co. had an estimated 2,000 visitors. graduates compared with 2001. It is obvious that a In May, 300 second-year high school girls came for the ‘Girl Day’. number of students are at present postponing taking their final examination as a result of the difficult labour External recruitment activities included: market. At the present time it does not look as if Chalmers Participation in major fairs, including the Saco Fair in Sollentuna and will be able to meet its assignment for the period 2001- an education fair in Oslo. 2004 of 3,570 MArch and MScEng graduates.

In February-April Chalmers took part in the Western Sweden Chamber of On the international MSc programmes, 138 students Commerce Dialogue 2000 tour, which visited several places in western graduated with an MScEng or MSc degree. These are not Sweden. In the first instance the offer went out to Year 8 students at sec- included in the number of MScEng degrees stated above. ondary school and Year 2 students at high school. Around 11,500 students The number of BScEng graduates continued to increase visited the exhibition and had the opportunity to meet study advisors, and this year was 317 compared with 266 the year before. information officers and students. During the year, 78 master mariners and 35 marine engi- neers graduated. In April, Chalmers was represented during the Knowledge Week in down- Chalmers has discharged its special education assign- town Nordstan – a national campaign to make Swedish adult education ment in nuclear chemistry with 11 full-time students and and continuing education more visible. seven full-year performances, in reactor physics within Participation in mini-fairs, technology days, college days etc. at some one full-time student and one full-year performance and twenty locations. in continuing professional education for naval officers Involvement in two technology competitions for school children, with 26 full-year students and 25 full-year performances. which are both administered and funded by the recruitment project. A five-point course in Swedish for foreign students was run during summer 2002 and proved very popular.

12 Performance and results, undergraduate programmes 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999 and 1998.

Full-time equivalent students Annual performance equivalents Degrees 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 MScEng 5,113 4,773 4,410 4,510 4,591 4,253 4,088 3,911 3,910 3,912 716 762 761 835 781 International MSc 426 309 273 188 169 331 229 193 165 168 138 119 132 83 124 MArch 306 288 280 255 247 275 243 246 213 238 39 37 38 43 48 BScEng1 1,475 1,551 1,508 1,432 1,294 1,330 1,389 1,294 1,194 1,044 352 293 276 259 181 Marine officers 162 303 220 217 172 174 255 217 223 186 78 78 54 42 28 Advanced courses 92 106 99 97 177 81 90 83 78 166 — ———— Engineering prep. year 221 216 147 113 96 167 155 107 95 74 — ———— IT University 115 — ——— 70 ———— — ———— Miscellaneous 684 547 634 615 581 624 470 478 496 470 92 94 85 32 124 Total 2 8,594 8,093 7,571 7,427 7,327 7,305 6,919 6,529 6,374 6,258 1,415 1,383 1,346 1,294 1,286

1 Including marine engineers. 2 25 % of the full-time students in 2002 are women and 33 % are aged 24 or older.

Financial results

Chalmers, including Chalmers Lindholmen University Companies etc. 2 % College, reported a loss after financial items of SEK 7 Chalmers Other state funding 1 % Foundation Financial 1 % million (–7). Income increased by SEK 34 million (5%) 4 % compared with the preceding year. Income from the Ministry of Education and Science increased by SEK 49 Misc. 6 % million (9 %) as a result of an increase in the number of students and performance levels. Grants and as- signments from companies and other organisations Ministry of Education have increased by SEK 3 million (25 %). Income from and Science the Chalmers Foundation fell by SEK 15 million (–38 %) 86 % due to the decision to reduce the grant level. The share attributable to state-financed undergradu- ate programmes is 87 % of the income, an increase of Total income for 2002 three percentage points compared with the preceding amounted to SEK 671 million. year. ❖

Undergraduate programmes Chalmers, including Chalmers Lindholmen University College

Income (SEK m) 2002 2001 2000 1999 Ministry of Education and Science 578 529 486 470 Other state grants and assignments 8 7104 Grants/assignm. from companies etc. 15 12 10 12 Chalmers Foundation 24 39 56 45 Miscellaneous 38 39 58 68 Financial income 8 11 12 4 Total income 671 637 632 603

13 IT University in Göteborg

Growth The IT University was founded as a project in 2000 by the presidents of Göteborg University and Chalmers. It has now been established within a new, permanent organi- sation comprising: –A joint IT council for Chalmers and Göteborg University to handle the network and co-operation. –A faculty board at Göteborg University and a unit board for information technology research and education at Chalmers. –A Department of Applied Information Technology, run jointly with Göteborg University.

Operations Aim and vision Operations at Lindholmen have during the past year Dean Philip Brenner The IT University in Göteborg was founded to create and included 11 different MSc and advanced programmes act as a totality for a gathering of strengths and speciali- Revenue (SEK m) 11 ranging from Art and Technology and Human Being- sations and as a meeting point for all IT-related research Number of employees 16 Computer Interaction-Interaction Design to ICT (Informa- and education at Göteborg University and Chalmers tion and Communication Technology) and Learning and University of Technology. The task is to build up new, Business Technology. These programmes are based on interdisciplinary research and education that is strategi- the students having at least a three-year university/ cally important for the region and for the information college education, supplemented by 3-4 terms of ad- and communication society of the future. The vision is vanced courses. There is also a three-year undergraduate that the IT University in Göteborg will in five years be a programme, Software Engineering and Management. prominent centre for research, development and educa- These programmes have a total of 445 full-time places. tion within IT, both nationally and internationally, and Research into Software Engineering and Management that it will be at the forefront in a number of new, inter- and Applications Development focusing on mobile disciplinary areas. This can be realised by: services and telematics is being financed by contribu- –Creating a network and a collaborative organisation tions from Ericsson. Grants from the Swedish Research for research and education within the IT sector at Council and The Knowledge Foundation enable research Göteborg University and Chalmers. The network will to be conducted within ICT and Learning, among other reinforce interaction between different disciplines, things within the OLC (Online Learning Communities) initiate new activities and enhance the visibility and level of awareness of operations internally and Group. The first doctoral students were admitted in externally. autumn 2002. ❖ –Build up new operations adjacent to Lindholmen Science Park. This will include undergraduate and doctoral programmes as well as research and will be characterised by educational and working forms that are in a constant state of development as well as interaction with industry and the public sector. There will also be interdisciplinary research and education directed at applied information technology.

14 Aim Doctoral programmes at Chalmers aim to educate and develop researchers who are in demand and have the ability to conduct scientific research independently, and at an internationally high level, to the benefit of a human and sustainable society.

Doctoral Programmes

Objectives To achieve these objectives, Chalmers has decided that Admissions, doctoral programmes Total A person who graduates from a doctoral programme at during the coming years it will work specifically on Women Chalmers will be able to: improving supervision, stimulating internationalisation 265 and increasing efforts to recruit the most qualified PhD –formulate scientific issues 231 234 students. The continued development of graduate 226 –conduct research by applying scientific research schools, better-planned studies and more efficient fol- methodology and incorporate the results in a broader context low-up will also contribute to achieving the above objec- 187 tives. – critically evaluate his or her own personal research and the research of others –interact effectively in interdisciplinary research groups Recruitment by adopting an open approach to other areas of In autumn 2002, Chalmers had a total of 1,056 doctoral science students (1,028) with an activity level greater than 10%. – mediate knowledge pedagogically Of these, 923 (889) had an activity level of 50% or more. – apply an approach that incorporates all aspects of 64 66 In 2002, 234 (187) applicants were admitted to the doc- 60 61 research ethics 49 toral programmes. The downward admission trend over – lead research activities the past two years has, at least temporarily, been broken.

Chalmers had laid down the following objectives in its New admissions to doctoral programmes have in recent 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 strategic plan: years been hit by cutbacks and greater caution with regard to long-term financial undertakings at the Admission to doctoral –Chalmers will increase the number of PhDs to 130 by programmes at Chalmers, Chalmers schools. 2002, of whom 25% will be women. 1998-2002. – In the long term, the number of PhDs will increase The new admissions for 2002 include 61 women, equiva- further and will reach 200 by 2007, of whom 30% will lent to 26%. The proportion of women on doctoral pro- be women. To achieve this objective, Chalmers intends grammes at Chalmers is highest in doctoral programmes to gradually increase the number of new admissions to in chemistry and chemical engineering, environmental 300 by 2002. science and architecture, which mirrors their interest on –The actual study time leading up to a PhD will be the undergraduate level. One of the things Chalmers is reduced to a maximum of five years. working on to raise the number of women on doctoral programmes is to increase the number of women role Chalmers also has an agreement with the state regarding models among teachers and researchers. Courses in an examination target of 590 ‘degree equivalents’ during gender studies that are being run for those in managerial the period 2001-2004. The term ’degree equivalent’ can and supervisory positions at Chalmers will in time con- be described as follows: PhDs are counted as one equiva- tribute to changing attitudes and values in such away lent, a PhD with a previous licentiate degree as a half an that more women will choose Chalmers. equivalent and a licentiate degree as half an equivalent.

15 Graduates Chalmers’ doctoral programmes attract many students Study funding Licentiates, total/women with a first degree from other universities and colleges. For a long time Chalmers has had the policy that the PhDs, total/women 172 Among those admitted in 2002, 67 had gained their first primary funding for doctoral studies should be in the degree from a Swedish university other than Chalmers form of employment as a doctoral student. According to 149 140 and 25 had a first degree from abroad, equivalent to 29% Chalmers, this is one of the main prerequisites for suc- 133 130 and 11% respectively. cessful studies. The number of people with a doctoral 111 11 5 104 position in 2002 increased slightly to 739, of whom 27% 98 94 To make research at Chalmers more visible to undergrad- uate students and to highlight the potential of a doctoral are women. This is equivalent to 80% of those who have programme, seminars, panel debates and a poster exhibi- an activity level of more than 50%, which is a high figure. tion were run in November at the Chalmers Student It is Chalmers’ ambition that co-operation with industry 40 42 38 31 36 Union. will increase within doctoral programmes, e.g by increas- 26 28 21 19 16 The number of doctoral student positions financed with ing the number of industrial doctoral students. These are 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 faculty funds has fallen in recent years. This is giving persons who are employed at a company or the equiva- lent and who pursue licentiate or PhD studies on at least Doctoral programme cause for concern, as it is important that there are doc- a half-time basis within the framework of their employ- graduation level, 1998-2002. toral students in all areas in which active research is being conducted. The considerable dependence on ment. The research tasks are often linked to industrial external funding has led to a situation where, particularly problems and there is an assistant supervisor at the in the basic subjects, new doctoral students cannot be company. The number of industrial doctoral students has admitted despite the fact that there has been an abun- increased moderately in recent years and stood at 159 in dance of interested students with excellent prerequisites. 2002. Chalmers interprets this as being the result of the current financial climate in industry. International research students who spend some time in Average time to PhD High graduation rate Sweden to study at Chalmers can be awarded a grant. In During 2002, 130 students graduated from Chalmers 2002, there were 50 doctoral students with such grants. with a PhD and 172 with a licentiate degree. Of those 5.8 5.6 who took a PhD, 101 had previously taken a licentiate 5.2 5.3 5.3 degree at Chalmers as an interim stage and as a form of Quality in doctoral programmes reconciliation of research results approximately halfway In the national quality evaluations conducted by the to a PhD. The number of degrees awarded is the highest National Agency for Higher Education, doctoral pro- ever and means that the internal target in the Chalmers grammes in mathematics, chemistry and environmental strategic plan of 130 PhDs in 2002 has been reached. science have been examined. The task of self-evaluation There has been a positive trend in doctoral programme and site visits by the assessment group gives the oppor- graduations in recent years and the number of PhDs in tunity to reflect on operations although at the same time

1998 19992000 2001 2002 2002 is double the figure of ten years ago. they also entail a great deal of work at the schools and departments. Average PhD study time Graduations for 2002 correspond to 164.5 degree equiv- (including teaching and alents which, with last year’s degrees (141.5 equivalents) At the Chalmers schools, quality work has been directed possible time off), 1998-2002. means that we are now 52% of the way to the Chalmers at the development of graduate schools, planning and target of 590 degree equivalents during the period 2001- follow-up of studies and supervision. One such project 2004. With a graduation rate on this level over the next that has been very successful is ‘Supervision in focus’ at two years there is every chance that Chalmers will the School of Chemical and Biological Engineering. achieve its objective. However, because of the fall in A seminar dealing with quality in doctoral programmes, admissions in recent years, Chalmers needs to revise the run in spring 2002, highlighted the importance of the

Doctoral students employed internal long-term target for doctoral degrees, i.e. 200 doctoral students also developing in areas other than Total PhDs in 2007. their specific subject areas, e.g. teaching ability, ethics, Women leadership and co-operation. On graduating, a PhD 739 In recent years, the number of newly-graduated female 720 729 720 PhDs gradually increased and in 2002, 38 female PhDs student should also have international experience and 659 graduated, equivalent to 29% of the total. The objective an established network. in Chalmers’ strategic plan that 25% of those who take a PhD in 2002 should be women has thus been far exceed- The Bologna process ed. In addition, 42 females were awarded a licentiate During the year there were intensive discussions about degree, which is 24% of the total and in line with last how the aims of the Bologna Declaration can be used in year. the development of Chalmers’ course programmes. The discussions focused primarily on structural issues and Study time covered all programmes at Chalmers. One of the conclu- 195 197 203 The nominal total study time for a PhD, including the sions was that the undergraduate programme should be 160 169 doctoral student’s teaching contribution on undergradu- linked more closely to the doctoral programme so that ate programmes, is five years. The average study time students with very firm objectives can commence a taken to secure a PhD was 5.3 years in 2002, which is in doctoral programme during the final stage of their 19981999 2000 2001 2002 line with the figure for the past two years. Reducing the undergraduate programme. This will require a lot more Number of persons employed study time even further will probably be difficult as information about research and doctoral programmes as doctoral students, 1998-2002. parental leave etc. is also included. during the undergraduate period.

16 There is a great deal of talk about the role of the humanities in technical education. Has it been discussed this year? Erik replies: “Yes, it has been discussed within the framework of XKON and the pedagogical work at Chalmers. Within the Doctoral Section we are more of the opinion that we should not create specific bodies but that the humanities should have a natu- ral role to play in all technical educa- tion. It is only then that a totality can be created. If you set up special bodies it would be far too easy to use them as a sort of alibi for the others not to bother about integrating humanities.” A forceful yet defensive The question of supervision of doctoral stu- dents is usually discussed a great deal. Is this year still the case? “The supervisor issue is always very much to the fore. Supervisor teams com- prising a principal supervisor and an assistant supervisor are now being formed. In certain cases there is another supervisor outside the doctoral student’s research group to broaden the supervisory approach and to be better equipped to handle any problems within the group. I believe that we are on the right track and this is something we have highlighted in the Supervisor of the Year award. The award went to a highly efficient team that demon- strated exactly what good supervision should be like,” explains Erik. ‘The biggest question that we worked on during the year is the XKON project’, From what you are saying it sounds as if it was explains Erik Reimhult, deputy chairman of the Doctoral Section. What he means is a positive year. “It has been forceful yet defen- the so-called Bologna process, aimed at harmonising higher education in sive. We doctoral students feel that the discus- Europe. XKON is Chalmers’ name for its own process. sion climate has developed positively during “In simple terms it comes down to achieving better agreement in course programmes the year – we are much more in focus and our and degree levels between different countries. This will, among other things, make it views are being sought to a greater degree. easier to study abroad,” explains Erik. “Among the items under discussion are the The financial pressure on the University, creation of an intermediate degree in the undergraduate programme on the BSc level however, means that we have been forced to after three years, followed by a two-year advanced course leading to an MScEng or defend our positions. This applies, for example, MArch degree. The potential for facilitating a transition from the three-year BScEng to grants for time spent abroad for doctoral programme to the MScEng programme is also under discussion.” students and the mentor programme. The This is not entirely without complications as there are both formal and legal aspects negative financial signals have led to an uphill that need to be re-examined. “In our contact with doctoral students at other universi- struggle, which means that during the past ties we feel that Chalmers is well ahead in these discussions although at the same time year we have not succeeded in creating the that we realise that Chalmers can hardly bring about changes on its own,” says Erik. workplace for doctoral students that we had One particular aspect that has involved the doctoral students is the length of the doc- envisaged. But now we have gathered momen- toral programme. “Some want to shorten it to three years while we are working stead- tum and we will act more forcefully to achieve fastly to retain the four-year programme,” says Erik. our objectives next year,” concludes Erik.

17 Whilst Chalmers is a Swedish university of technology there is a very distinct international element. On meeting Alexander Chakhunashvili at the Depart- ment of Quality Sciences for the first time we were struck imme- diately by his good knowledge of Swedish. One’s first thought on meeting him is that he must have grown up in Sweden. “No,” replied Alexander, “I learned Swedish at home in Georgia and what got me interested initially were the Astrid Lind- gren books about Pippi, Emil and all her other characters.” He has been in Sweden for a total of four years. International doctoral He first came as an exchange student to Borås in 1996, after which he returned to Georgia, programmes where he worked for a founda- tion for two years. But he then wanted to come back to Swe- den to study and he subse- I helped to identify the error and it could then be To achieve validation or verification of the results and quently applied for the Man- rectified. This could be done by studying variations in the model, I usually also perform simulations on ran- agement of Production Mas- the original data reported from sensors and other test dom data.”

ter’s programme at Chalmers. equipment. A control graph is then created, which Why did he apply to Chalmers? “I knew a little about Alexander began his doctoral shows whether everything is as it should be or whether Chalmers before I came here and then I had some programme in April 2001, something has gone wrong and needs to be put right. friends who told me more so that I knew that there which was made possible My contribution was in the form of mathematical were two good, large universities of technology in through financial support from developments, where I used a control graph with so- Sweden. For me, one of the good things about Chalm- SKF, Ericsson and an EU called discrete data, i.e. only zeros and ones, which ers and Göteborg is the fact that people here are project. His research deals with simply states whether something is right or wrong, not relaxed. It feels free and informal and that suits me. static control and monitoring how right or wrong,” Alexander explained. “Generally, Other important factors are the friends I already had of production processes. “I was studies of this kind could involve 100-150 variables here and that fact that Göteborg is a football town,” asked, for example, to study a but with the aid of statistical methods this number can says Alexander, who previously played for the Dyna- problem Ericsson was experi- be reduced considerably, to perhaps no more than five mo Tbilisi junior team when he was 14-15 years old. encing. A product had been variables, which can then be followed up with the aid “And we should not forget the fact that the primary tested before it was sent to the of a control graph. In many respects the problem reason for my being here is that the research and customer but it emerged that controls the development of the method. Often the financial conditions are good at Chalmers. But above there was a measurement method is tested at the same time feedback is received, all I feel that it is fun to be here and that is important system error in the process. which hopefully leads to further improvements. to me,” concludes Alexander.

18 Graduate schools Another example of a successful company graduate Chalmers Supervisor For just over ten years Chalmers has been working in a school is FENIX, which is run in collaboration with the Award 2002 very focused way on building up graduate schools and Stockholm School of Economics. Within the framework of Anna Dubois and Lars-Erik the majority of doctoral students are now linked to a this arrangement there is an integrated research and Gadde from the School of graduate school. Experience shows that the graduate leadership training programme. Sixteen people have Technology Management and Economics have school creates a better structure for the doctoral pro- taken a PhD to date, of whom seven are at Chalmers. received this year’s Supervi- gramme and that contact between doctoral students at FENIX is supported by The Knowledge Foundation. sor of the Year Award at the graduate school increases through joint courses and Chalmers for their consider- seminars. Internationalisation able commitment and for creating within their In 2000, the government decided to focus on sixteen Chalmers’ aim is that all doctoral students should be research group an atmos- new national graduate schools in different subject areas. given the opportunity to build up an international net- phere characterised by an Chalmers was named as the host school for a graduate work of contacts during the course of their studies. This school in materials science and Karlstad University and inspirational method of can take place, for example, through involvement in working, where personal the University Colleges in Dalarna, Borås and Trollhättan/ scientific conferences, periods spent at foreign research prestige was set aside and Uddevalla have been named as partner universities. At institutions or through visiting researchers at Chalmers. where the approach and the end of 2002, the graduate school had 18 newly- During the year, 114 doctoral students travelled to a supervision have been recruited doctoral students employed on a doctoral university outside Sweden to attend a course or to carry assigned top priority. They student basis. In addition, eight new doctoral projects have built up a cohesive out part of their research. The majority, 68 students, were approved during 2002. Once it is fully expanded at group with well-structured visited an EU country, followed by the USA with 21 visits. the end of 2003 the graduate school is expected to have supervision, which both 35 doctoral students employed. Correspondingly, 72 foreign doctoral students were at supports and offers Chalmers temporarily, of whom 34 came from an EU challenges to the doctoral Chalmers is also involved as a partner university at the country and 13 from countries throughout the rest of students. This allows them to Genomics and Bioinformatics graduate school, which has Europe. ❖ grow as people and as Göteborg University as the host school. Among the 25 independent researchers. doctoral students who have been employed at the grad- They have also demon- uate school, seven are at Chalmers. strated their excellent One example of successful collaboration with industry capacity to establish within the framework of the doctoral programme is the national and international contacts, which have paved company graduate school MARCHAL, which works in the the way for their doctoral materials field with support from The Knowledge Foun- students to build up a dation. During the year the first student graduated with a valuable research network PhD and four doctoral students took a licentiate degree. for the future.

Industrial Design Engineering is a relatively new area of research at Chalmers. Researchers develop methods and tools to describe, analyse, specify and evaluate product design from different perspectives. The researchers also work on the integration of design and user aspects in the early stages of product development. Sweden’s three first PhD students in Industrial Design Engineering: Peter Schachinger, Li Wikström and Anders Warell. Photo Per Olof Wikström.

19 whilst the number of younger teachers is falling (see graph). This could in the long term be a cause for con- cern as there are many teaching staff who will reach retirement age during the next ten years. The so-called tenure track system has unfortunately only been used to a limited extent, due mainly to financial uncertainty in the future. The School of Mathematical Sciences, which introduced the system at an early stage, has nevertheless reported positive experience from the system.

Interaction with industry and other universities and colleges During the year, five new adjunct professors were ap- pointed, i.e. persons who have their primary area of work outside the university sector. At the year-end, Chalmers had 31 (30) adjunct professors, of whom 2 (1) were wom- en. Of the adjunct professors, nine were linked to the School of Civil Engineering and eight to the School of Mechanical Engineering. The number of adjunct professors has only increased by one since the preceding year, although the number of Research women has doubled from one to two. Co-operation with other universities has in two cases been formalised and in doing so two professors from other universities have been appointed as visiting pro- Number of senior teachers/researchers fessors at Chalmers. on the increase Chalmers has also appointed its first adjunct associate Aims During the year Chalmers continued to recruit and pro- professor. There are plans to in the long term to link up Chalmers will carry on mote competent faculty members/researchers on all high-quality research in more scientifically-merited people from industry to which it is the world leader levels on the academic career ladder even if the rate was education and research. in selected areas and will lower than in previous years. The number of full profes- stimulate effective, sors increased by 12. The total number of professors innovative utilisation of Low number of women continues the research results. remained the same as the year before, however, due to Despite a whole series of measures aimed at encourag- Chalmers will develop the fact that the number who were promoted from knowledge and associate professor to professor (9) is the same as the ing the schools to employ more women faculty members technology that lead to a number promoted from professor to full professor. The and researchers, this is proceeding very slowly. The sustainable society. number of faculty members on the associate professor number of women professors has increased from 10 to and university lecturer level has increased slightly. If we 11, although the fact that the number of male professors look back a few years a clear trend can be noted, where has increased from 131 to 147 means that the proportion the number of senior teachers is gradually increasing of women among the professorial body is still only 7%. Chalmers’ objective is for the number of women among the professors appointed during the period 2001-04 to

Teachers and researchers at Chalmers, including Chalmers Lindholmen University College be 15% as it is estimated that more women will become qualified on the professorial level in the next few years. Total number of persons per level, The number of female professors increased during the of which women 0102030405060 208 >60 year from two to three. 55-59 50-54 The President decided at the end of 2001 that SEK 13.5 Professors 166 45-49 million would be allocated during the budget years 40-44 35-39 2002-04 for directed efforts to increase the proportion of <34 female faculty members/researchers. These funds will be 14 >60 used mainly to retain women who were previously em- 228 55-59 9 50-54 ployed for a fixed period. A small amount will be used to 204 Associate 45-49 reduce the burden of work for a limited number of wom- Professors/ 40-44 Lecturers 35-39 en with particularly numerous and demanding assign- <34 ments. >60 55-59 35 50-54 21 108 45-49 91 40-44 Assistant The number of senior faculty members has increased Professors 35-39 <34 over the past five years. Many faculty members are 24 26 due to retire within the next ten years. 1998 2002 01020304050 persons

20 In May 2002, a conference was held at Chalmers within the Women in Physics network. Almost one hundred physicists, both female and male, from Largest research financing bodies different parts of the world presented interesting (SEK m) 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 results from physics research and they discussed how Min. of Education and Science 372 363 350 347 345 more women could be encouraged to continue with Chalmers Foundation 188 214 203 192 95 research in physics. Swedish Research Council 126 126 112 111 103 SSF 94 106 97 69 56 Vinnova 65 70 61 87 95 Difficult to finance research Swedish Energy Agency 56 71 50 31 During the year, difficulties in funding research be- The Wallenberg Foundation 52 17 7 12 34 came increasingly obvious. Dependence on external EU 50 36 36 35 32 funding is considerable and only 26% of research and Volvo 27 24 24 17 doctoral programmes are funded by faculty grants. Formas 24 22 19 21 24 This has led to increased uncertainty and a great deal of time must be taken from producing research results to searching for ways to make savings and seeking new sources of financing. As a result of the Excellent researchers downturn on the stock market a number of special Support for Chalmers’ Three Chalmers professors were named as ’excellent investments pledged by the Chalmers Foundation ethanol research researchers’ for their scientific work in conjunction with have been reduced or postponed. This has in the first The research programme the Swedish Research Council allocation of research instance led to the build-up of the information tech- ‘Ethanol’ is one of the funds. The three professors were Olle Häggström for his Energy Authority’s major nology and bioscience fields proceeding at a slightly theoretical research into phase transitions, Björn Jonson research programmes. With slower rate. for his research into subatomic systems within the ISOL- total funding of SEK 210 DE programme and Mats Viberg for his development in million over the seven-year Evaluation of research performance the field of signal processing. Professor Eleanor Campbell period 1998-2004, the aim is to support research and the A special project has been carried out in co-operation at the Department of Physics, which is run jointly with development of ethanol with the Technical University of Denmark, DTU, to Göteborg University, was also named as an ’excellent production from cellulose- develop methods for following up research. researcher’ for her study of fullerenes in applications containing raw materials and A number of parameters have been defined and within nanoelectronics. to demonstrate the process subsequently discussed by four research panels. on a large scale. The project shows that it is possible to use the same Materials and microelectronics research During 2002, the Energy set of parameters for different research areas al- Several researchers have received grants in materials Authority granted SEK 32.2 though the evaluation must use the preconditions of million to support eleven science and microelectronics from the Swedish Founda- the area in question as a starting point. Co-operation different projects within the tion for Strategic Research, SSF. SEK 60 million was with DTU has made it possible to compare the same framework of the Ethanol awarded for the development of high-speed electronics research areas at Chalmers and DTU, which even at programme. Almost one- and photonics with a special focus on communication the project stage has led to fruitful discussions. quarter has gone to applications. The work covers materials, components and Chalmers: systems. Chalmers was awarded SEK 30 million to study • SEK 5.4 million over three Scientific production theoretical and experimental aspects of components for years to run the project Scientific production in the form of referee-examined the future on the nanoscale. A particularly interesting ‘Hexose fermentation in articles and conference contributions published in project is the development of quantum computers growing and non-growing proceedings totalled 1,800 during the year, which is based on superconducting components. cell systems’. 150 more than the preceding year. In addition, just Project manager: over 900 scientific reports, popular science docu- Lena Gustafsson. Chalmers’ strategic investments ments etc. were written. The increase has been in the • SEK 2.4 million over three Environmental science and number of referee-examined articles. Furthermore, years to run the project sustainable development patents were granted for 35 new inventions during ‘Continuous fermentation In 1999, the Chalmers Foundation allocated SEK 100 of dilute-acid hydrolysates the year. million to the Chalmers Environmental Initiative. All into ethanol’. seven professors have now been appointed. Two differ- Project manager: Ethics within research ent groups followed up this investment during the year Mohammad Taherzadeh. A year or so ago Chalmers set up an operational with regard to content and strategy. One group, made up ethics committee charged with the task of working of members of the international research community, on both policies and positions in ethical issues as stated that they were very satisfied when they saw that support for work in concrete cases. The basic princi- major advances had been made during the short period ples for Chalmers’ position in matters related to ethics the professors had been in place and that there has been are openness, clarity and honesty. During spring 2002, a focus on interaction with different bodies. In the light the committee arranged a highly successful seminar, of the fact that financing through foundation funds has involving both doctoral students and research super- only been secured for a five-year period, the seven envi- visors, on the theme: Who should be given the hon- ronmental professors and the whole of Chalmers were our when it comes to research results ? urged to increase integration in joint research projects

21 Rolf All the professors within the Wolff Chalmers Environmental Ann-Marie Initiative. Jim Frederick Tillman

Christian Björn Donal Azar Murtagh Malbert Filip Johnsson

even further. The foundation funds have to date been a Jointly-run information days on the bio-programme, Energy technology research good basis for attracting external financing and it is where the researchers taking part inform each other and rewarded important that this is developed in such a way that the where inspiration is provided by invited guest speakers, Two Chalmers researchers have been awarded the environmental initiative can continue to grow and be have led to greater integration and increased interaction Gunnar Engström Award for successful. The group also highlights the important role between the various components in the programme. 2002, worth SEK 50,000 each. Chalmers has assumed in the international organisation The total support provided for the bio-programme Anna Bergek took a PhD in AGS (Alliance for Global Sustainability). during the year was SEK 21 million of the planned total technology management at The second group to present views on Chalmers Environ- framework of SEK 195 million. Other research resources Chalmers this year and mental Initiative comprised representatives from indus- for the Chalmers bioscience programme come mainly received the award for her try and public administration. They recommended, from SSF and the Wallenberg-financed Swegene pro- research into driving forces among other things, intensive co-operation with indus- gramme, which is a collaborative venture between Göte- and obstacles to Swedish industrial growth within the try to jointly develop technology and management borg University, Chalmers and Lund University. Within field of renewable energy systems that could be implemented by industry. They the framework of this programme several centres have technology. Associate also pointed out the importance of identifying strategic been established for directed research. These include the Professor Torbjörn Thiringer partners and future research areas. Membrane Protein Centre, the Centre for Bioimaging, the at the Department of Electric Centre for Cellular Imaging and Bioinformatics. Power Engineering received Biotechnology Several research programmes have achieved highly the award for his research Chalmers’ investment in biotechnology is growing stead- successful results and have attracted attention externally. into wind power and its ily in areas where development is multi-disciplinary, i.e. integration with the Examples include the development of optical systems for electricity grid. research projects that are run in direct collaboration visualising biological processes on the micro- and nano- between physicists and molecular biologists or between scale. Other examples are basic studies of a biomimetic The Gunnar Engström ABB Foundation was founded in physicists, chemists and mathematicians. These research nature, i.e. where imitation of nature’s methods leads to a 1983 and has the task of environments also lead to the creation of inter- greater understanding of bioprocesses, which in turn supporting and encouraging disciplinary doctoral schools where, via Chalmers’ bio- could form the basis for future information systems. Self- energy-related university science programmes, there are links to a multidiscipli- organising systems can create structures with predict- research by making one or nary environment. In total, there are some 60 doctoral able features as well as biological systems for the han- several awards each year. students at Chalmers working on bioscientific research dling of enormous volumes of data and with high com- projects and of these nine are financed directly within putation speeds, so-called biological computers. the programme. Research within nano-technology is being conducted by Young researchers have received travel scholarships and the Chalmers Microtechnology Centre, MC2, and has a new form for the induction of prospective doctoral been pointed out as being one of the most promising students has been introduced. This means that the stu- focal areas. Concrete results from the manipulation of dents, regardless of their first degree, have the opportu- atoms and systems on this scale have already been nity to test research environments within different bio- achieved. scientific disciplines.

22 First adjunct associate professor

During the year Anna-Lena Öberg-Högsta became the between the University and industry that is based on An adjunct first adjunct associate professor to be appointed at mutual benefit. The position follows the same pattern as associate professor Chalmers. Anna-Lena was an undergraduate student an adjunct professor, i.e. a company is involved in pay- is a scientifically qualified person outside Chalmers at the Chalmers School of Civil Engineering between ing for a highly-qualified employee for a fixed period to on the associate professor 1988 and 1992. The year after she began her doctoral allow that person to conduct research in an area related level who is invited to studies and took a PhD in spring 1997 at the Depart- to the company’s operations,” explained Anna-Lena. work on a part-time basis ment of Geotechnical Engineering with a thesis deal- “What I can see on a more personal level is that it in- in education and research ing with unsaturated soils and slope stability. What did volves dual loyalties and thus a great deal of extra work at Chalmers. she do then? “I worked as a research fellow, among although having said that it is an excellent opportunity other things initiating more environmentally-related for me to develop on a personal level and I am also in a research linked to geotechnical engineering. The focus better position to keep abreast of the latest research. was very much on alternative materials in land and I receive interesting new research proposals and I can facility construction,” she explained. Anna-Lena then quickly incorporate new findings into my practical took the step into industry where for a while she work.” worked with geotechnical engineering and environ- “A good example of the advantages of co-operation of mentally-related assignments at the company NCC this nature between a university and a company is a Teknik. In autumn 1999, she took leave of absence to two-week study visit I and one of my doctoral students research at Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, made to Canada. The link to Golder Associates meant USA. Following her return to Sweden she delivered that we could visit three of their offices and we could her associate professor lecture in May 2000. also study the work being done at three universities. In 2001 she then began at Golder Associates AB, a Canada is several years ahead of us in environmentally- Swedish subsidiary of a large Canadian/American related research and we found it extremely inspiring,” consulting company, where she works, among other said Anna-Lena. things, on construction engineering and environmen- “Another aspect of the position of adjunct associate tally-related issues. “The company is represented on professor is that to some extent I can act as a female all continents and of the 3,000 employees, around one- role model for all the engineering students who are third have a research background,” says Anna-Lena. currently studying at Chalmers, particularly in civil What has it meant becoming an adjunct associate engineering. I feel it is important to have such role professor? “Most of all it is a form of collaboration models at close quarters,” concludes Anna-Lena. 23 Information technology –Control engineering, which runs very important To be in a better position to co-ordinate Chalmers’ invest- applications for Swedish industry in chemical and ment in education and research in IT, the new School of biological processes and in the automotive industry. Computer Science and Engineering was opened in The group works with both physical and experimental modelling and develops mathematical algorithms for January 2002. The School is made up of two depart- analysis and design. ments: Computing Science, which is a department run – Image analysis, with applications in medicine, is jointly with Göteborg University, and Computer Engi- another important part of the interdisciplinary nature neering, which has its origins in the hardware-oriented of the department. activities at the School of Electrical Engineering. –Signal processing, where a whole series of applications This reorganisation has facilitated the integration of both in wireless communication are being studied, education and research into hardware and software with including radar systems, motor analysis, biomedicine the potential for more interdisciplinary research projects. and detection of landmines. The two departments are also responsible for the majori- ty of the teaching at the information technology re- Hydromechanics search and education unit (the IT University), which is At the Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean also run jointly with Göteborg University. Among other Engineering, a University Technology Centre (UTC) has things, the three-year Software Engineering and been set up in collaboration with Rolls Royce. This is the Management course programme started in 2002. first centre to be located at a university outside the UK. Co-operation between research and education at the Research will focus in particular on the understanding School of Computing Science and Computer Engineer- Colin Fudge, holder of the and optimisation of the interaction between propulsion, King Carl XVI Gustaf ing, coupled with industrial development and growth at rudder and hull. Professorship in Lindholmen, will hopefully be of major significance to Environmental Science the development of large global companies and the for 2002-2003. establishment of new companies. The industries that are Vehicle safety most likely to be involved in this co-operation are the Chalmers has for long time had a particular profile in the automotive industry and telecommunications, logistics vehicle safety field and has had very constructive co- and bioengineering companies. In addition, there is also operation with suppliers within the automotive industry. development within media and design using digital To clarify the breadth of this area, the Göteborg Vehicle tools and systems. Safety Centre was set up in 2002. Professor receives The attention this area has attracted can be exemplified award from SVR To reinforce software expertise, the scientific platform has been reinforced with several new appointments by the fact that Per Lövsund, Professor of Traffic Safety, Gunnar Gustafson, Professor of Geology, has received the within software engineering, human being-computer this year received the Frisinger Award for his research in Swedish Society of Civil and interaction, visualisation and graphics and bio- road safety engineering. Among other things, there have Structural Engineers’ prize for informatics. been attempts at the department to find principles to his teaching and research. This reinforcement is financed to a large extent through prevent injuries, e.g. through protection systems that The reasons cited by the jury the Chalmers Foundation IT initiative, including certain function for different road-users in different types of are: parts related to bioengineering. The Foundation for collisions. – His excellent work in Strategic Research is also an important source of financ- teaching and research. ing. The Wingquist Laboratory – As the dean for the school, Production engineering at a faculty of engineering is an Gunnar Gustafson has area with many different applications. In order to acquire developed operations Examples of other successful areas expertise in this area and enhance visibility and contact positively throughout the Signals and systems with industry, the Wingquist Laboratory was founded whole of the civil The Department of Signals and Systems is a good exam- during the year, the aim being that it should become an engineering field. ple of how operations that reinforce internal links can be international centre for product development and pro- – He has successfully run and integrated in order to create stronger, scientifically co- duction engineering. The profile of the laboratory should developed teaching in ordinated operations and at the same time support be research within product development and process management at the Centre functions and administrative costs are reduced. The engineering through modelling, simulation and verifica- for Management of the Built department’s research has received considerable acclaim Environment at Chalmers. tion using virtual technology. for its supervision and the capacity to adapt scientific – Gunnar Gustafson has problems to the needs of industry. The department has The laboratory applications include system modelling, proven teaching skills and around 70 staff, divided into seven research groups. robust design, industrial and engineering design and through his own work and These research areas include: flexible production and automation. During the build-up co-operation with others he phase particular attention was devoted to the engineer- has had a positive impact on –Automation, specialising in flexible production ing industry, where both the automotive industry and teaching at Chalmers. systems with applications within robot cells, the electronics industry have a great need and where Each year, SVR awards a prize production lines and chemical batch processes. integration of the processes is a vital element in achiev- to a graduate engineer who –Communication systems, with extensive work within through substantial wireless communication and ultra-broadband ing quality, good design and competitiveness. engineering skill or in some technology. other way has made a significant contribution to the field of construction.

24 The laboratory has a turnover of approximately SEK 20 When new grants are awarded, consideration is seldom million, over 20 doctoral students and almost as many given to the high costs associated with a clean room facility, senior researchers. The laboratory is also a node in an which means that all project support is considerably under- international collaborative venture with the University of dimensioned. In order to alleviate this problem to some Michigan, in both undergraduate programmes and in extent the evaluation group proposed two measures: research. specialisation among the three laboratories and the formation of a national network.

National competence centres During the year all the Chalmers national competence Materials centres entered the third phase of the ten-year project The Foundation for Strategic Research carried out a mid- period. The results from the research groups are mani- point evaluation of the research projects that form part of fested in the form of seminars, workshops, scientific the SSF investment in materials. The results show three publications and PhD theses. An important consequence strong materials consortia, led by researchers with groups of the results achieved is that the competence centres at Chalmers and Göteborg University. The areas dealt with have reinforced their potential, both in industrial co- include complex oxide materials for super-conduction and operation and in the international research community, future advanced applications within electronics, carbon with regard to applications within the EU sixth frame- nanotubes with a direct patented application and a high work programme. Another important part of the work at innovation factor and a consortium for theoretical model- the Chalmers competence centres is preparation for a ling and simulation of physical, chemical, materials science Chalmers professor receives transfer to a more independent organisational form with systems in a condensed phase. The reports were very posi- development grant a much higher degree of self-funding. tive and provide good support for materials research in Professor Mikael Kubista of Göteborg. the School of Chemical and Biological Engineering has Evaluations been awarded the SKAPA Microtechnology Centre, MC2 Onsala Space Observatory Foundation’s development During autumn 2002, the Swedish Research Council, in The Onsala Space Observatory has, together with a number grant, worth SEK 300,000, for co-operation with Vinnova, carried out an evaluation of of national centres throughout the country, undergone an his DNA-based analysis three Swedish clean room laboratories used mainly evaluation made on the initiative of the Swedish Science method for the rapid detec- within microelectronics: the Ångström Laboratory in Council. The internationally-composed expert group stated tion and quantification of Uppsala, the Semiconductor Laboratory at the Royal that Onsala has developed world-leading technology within nucleic acids. The analysis Institute of Technology in Stockholm and MC2 at Chalm- radio, millimetre and sub-millimetre astronomy, used in method facilitates diagnostics within health care, which ers. The evaluators noted that micro- and nanotechnolo- both land- and space-based telescopes. The development means safer and more effec- gies in different applications will present new potential work that has been done at the SEST observatory in Chile tive treatment of patients. The for major scientific discoveries and innovations in indus- and a planned activity within the ALMA programme are felt method also has interesting trial development. The assessments made in the report to represent important scientific potential for Swedish applications in the food in- therefore have broader, more far-reaching applications astronomers. The report praises the scientific level of many dustry. The method will lead than the field of microelectronics. of Onsala’s projects, where a number are related to chemical to cost reductions as a result The evaluation group comprised four international processes and other phenomena. of more rapid analyses. experts in microelectronics who assessed the laborato- ries according to different criteria, including current status and future potential of the clean room and the National Competence Centres at Chalmers financed by Vinnova or the Energy Authority status of the process equipment in the laboratory. MC2 Chalmers Centre for High Speed Technology (CHACH) was given the highest rating in all areas. This was also the Combustion Engine Research Centre (CERC) case with regard to the clean room personnel and the Competence Centre for Catalysis (KCK) management and organisation. Characterisation and Competence Centre in Environmental Assessment of measurement techniques were rated slightly lower Product and Materials Systems (CPM) although the highest rating was secured for manufactur- Competence Centre for High Temperature Corrosion (HTC) ing of microstructures in multi-materials, nanostructure Competence Centre in Railway Mechanics (CHARMEC) fabrication and the level of preparedness for multidisci- Consortium Gas Turbine Centre (GTC) – shared with plinary activities. MC2’s areas of strength were felt to be the Royal Institute of Technology and Lund University of Technology high-speed electronics, optoelectronics, lithography and Research programmes in which Chalmers is the host organisation financed by MISTRA single electron equipment. The recommendation to MC2 Sound landscape for better health is, based on this scientific expertise, to focus on becom- Sustainable Building ing a world-leading centre within micro- and nanotech- Sustainable Urban Water Management nology. MC2 is unique in Sweden and ought to have a MISTRA programmes in which Chalmers is participating focus on high-speed electronics and nanoscale litho- Batteries and fuel cells graphy. Centre financed by the Foundation for Technology Transfer in Göteborg Swedish Center of Excellence and Innovation in Functional Foods (SCEIFF)

Graduate schools at Chalmers financed by companies and the KK Foundation FENIX – management MARCHAL – materials science

25 The feeling was that the observatory is well organised and is being run efficiently. Onsala received particular mention for its teaching and demonstrations to the general public. The panel also noted the strong link between the University and the Observatory, which was considered to be of mutual benefit to development. The expert group also feels that the Swedish Science Council ought to appoint a national scientific council in astronomy to set up and carry on nationally strategic development work in astronomy. In this part of the strategy Onsala ought to play a central supporting role for Swedish and Nordic astronomy. The expert panel felt that it was of some urgency that the observatory had a larger budget which, among other things, would be facilitated by the proposed national strategic plan for astronomy. The panel therefore supported any such development very strongly.

Research programmes financed by SSF in which Chalmers is the host Bio-informatics Financial results Electronic Production (E-PROPER) The loss after financial items, including Chalmers Lindhol- High-frequency Electronics men, for 2002 totalled SEK 33 million (–51). The financial Integral Vehicle Structures (IVS) results include depreciation costs which, in the balance The Materials Science School with the sub-programmes Bio-compatible Materials, sheet, are covered by the shareholders’ contribution re- Polymer Construction Materials and Electrical Outdoor Insulation ceived as a result of the change in accounting principles. In Multi-phase Flow National Network in Applied Mathematics (NTM) the overall Chalmers financial result, these costs amount to Nucleic Acid Research SEK 50 million (67), of which the majority are attributable to Production Engineering Education and Research (PROPER) research and doctoral programmes. The income increased Quantum Components and Nanostructures by SEK 55 million (4%) compared with the preceding year. The increase is accounted for by an income of SEK 66 million SSF programmes in which Chalmers is a participant The Biomedical Research School in Göteborg (GGBS) from companies and other organisations, where the Wallen- The Centre for Combustion Science and Technology (CeCoST) berg Foundation increased its contribution by SEK 35 mil- Chemical Process Design and Control (CPDC) lion, among other things as a result of a change in account- Collaborative Programmes in Microelectronics ing principles in respect of contributions to fixed assets. Competitive Construction Contributions from the EU increased by SEK 14 million due Energy Systems to a greater degree of involvement in EU projects. State Engineering Design Research and Education (ENDREA) funds increased by SEK 21 million, mainly from the Ministry Forest Products Industry Research College (FPIRC) of Education and Science. Contributions from the public Future Technologies for Food Production (LiFT) research councils fell by SEK 5 million. Funding from the Integrated Electronics Systems Chalmers Foundation fell by SEK 26 million as a result of a Marine Research and Engineering (MASTEC) decision to cut grants. Chalmers’ ten largest research financ- Personal Computing and Communication (PCC) ing bodies account for 75% (78) of the income for research Photonics and doctoral programmes. Table on page 21 shows the Real Time Systems (ARTRES) contributions made by these financing bodies. Scientific Calculations Selective Preparation and Pharmaceuticals of Fine Chemicals The state-financed research and doctoral programmes’ share Visual Information Technology (VISIT) totalled 51% of the income, a fall of one percentage point Wood Mechanics compared with the preceding year. ❖ Wood Technology

EU 4 % Doctoral programmes and research Misc. Financial 1 % Chalmers, including Chalmers Lindholmen University College 5 %

Income (SEK m) 2002 2001 2000 1999 Ministry of Public Ministry of Education and Science 372 363 350 347 Education and foundations Science Other state grants and assignments 348 336 331 345 10 % 26 % Chalmers Grants/assignments from companies etc. 223 157 150 151 Foundation Public foundation grants 135 140 130 92 13 % Other EU grants 50 36 36 35 state funding Companies 25 % Chalmers Foundation 188 214 203 192 etc. 16 % Miscellaneous 66 72 57 83 Financial income 19 28 12 4 Total income 1,401 1,346 1,269 1,249 Total income for 2002 amounted to SEK 1,401 million.

26 Continuing professional development

The School of Continuing Professional Learning is the and Umeå University. Prodesign provides customer- Chalmers unit for continuing professional education and adapted training programmes in design engineering, Non-fee programmes autumn 2002 commissioned courses. The School of Continuing Profes- product planning and design, production engineering sional Learning works constantly to develop models and lean production. MBA – Master’s Course in International Business, designed to support companies in assuring their know- At the beginning of 2002, the School of Continuing Pro- 40 points, full-time how and expertise and at the same time further refining fessional Learning entered into an agreement with the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing, ‘flexible learning’, which involves interaction between a industry organisation SCEMM (Scandinavian Center for number of different teaching approaches. During 2002, 20 points, part-time Maintenance Management). This co-operation covers the Project Management, the organisation has been reinforced to meet the future course programme ‘Maintenance for Better Economy, 45 20 points, part-time need for the large-scale supply of continuing profession- points’, which in terms of scale is the largest project that Crashworthiness and al education for industry. has been run to date at Chalmers within continuing Biomechanics, 20 points, part-time The role of system supplier for the Volvo Car Corporation professional development. Space Environments and is continuing and courses in mechatronics in particular ‘Logistics and Transport Economy, 5 points’ was another Satellites, 5 points, part-time have attracted a great deal of interest. There is also co- major programme run during 2002 and which is continu- operation with Göteborg Energy, Saab Automobile, ing to be successful. The principal is Volvo Logistics. The Courses, study rate less than full-time (number) Strömstad High School and the Swedish Maritime Ad- programme has been designed by the Department of Students 255 ministration. Transportation and Logistics at Chalmers and the Depart- Full-time students 69 The current recession has meant a continuation in the ment of Business Administration at the Göteborg Univer- Full-time performances 55 low rate of commissions from Swedish industry. The sity School of Economics and Commercial Law. An ad- turnover of the School of Continuing Professional Learn- vanced course will be run during 2003. Fee-financed ing for 2002 was SEK 12.6 million. The ultimate aim is a programmes (SEK m) Internationalisation turnover of SEK 50 million within five years. Technology Management Based on the expertise at the School of Continuing Pro- (CHAMPS) 11.0 News fessional Learning in the field of flexible learning and e- Technology (School of Continuing The KK Foundation has taken the initiative in providing learning, and on the co-operation with the Department of Professional Learning, Sida, small and medium-sized manufacturing companies Machine and Vehicle Systems, the distance learning pro- CIT and the Maritime throughout Sweden with tailor-made courses in innova- gramme ‘Global Automotive Safety Engineering’ has been Safety Centre) 20.4 tive product and process development. The five-year sold to General Motors. Twenty of their employees from Total 31.4 programme Prodesign (Industrial Product Design) has a six countries have taken part. Non-fee programmes budget of SEK 50 million. Chalmers has been assigned The School of Continuing Professional Learning, the Continuing professional development progr. 4,6 overall responsibility for the project, which is being run Department of Industrial Marketing and the School’s Independent courses 14.7 in co-operation with Göteborg University, the School of Finnish equivalent, DIPOLI at Helsinki University of Tech- Engineering in Jönköping, the IVF Industrial Research Continuing professional nology, have begun co-operating on a European Industri- development and Development Corporation, the Royal Institute of al Management programme. Twenty-five people have for teachers 0,15 Technology in Stockholm, Luleå University of Technology already been selected to attend the course. Total 19.45

27 Co-operation between the University of Cambridge, the Chalmers Industriteknik, CIT, ran continuing profession- training company MPL International in Cambridge and al development courses during the year in energy, the the School of Continuing Professional Learning has environment and bioanalysis. commenced. The aim is to run interdisciplinary seminars in Cambridge with a certain degree of continuity for CHAMPS personnel at Swedish companies. This has also given During 2002, CHAMPS ran a number of open training faculty staff from Chalmers and the University of Cam- programmes within six of the seven programme areas: bridge the opportunity to exchange know-how and Technology Management, R&D Management, Produc- experience. tion Management, Supply Chain Management, Innova- In September, the School of Continuing Professional tion Management and Change Management. Learning was involved in the EAIR Forum, an internation- Two consortium programmes were run: Creating New al conference in Prague. The School addressed the ques- Business and Panorama Project Management, with four tion of how to create the best possible conditions for and six consortium members respectively. Company- successful collaboration between the University and specific development and implementation assignments industry. for seven customers were also run during the year.

Other commissioned courses Non-fee programmes/continuing The School of Civil Engineering ran two course pro- professional development for teachers grammes during 2002 at the request of Sida, the Swedish In autumn 2002, five continuing professional develop- International Development Co-operation Agency. These ment programmes commenced with a total of 155 courses brought together 54 participants from 29 coun- participants. The high school teacher course ‘Technolo- tries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The first course was gy, Man and Society’ which is a five-point course ex- run over a period of four weeks in May-June and dealt tending over one academic year, commenced with 44 with small-scale utilisation of groundwater from crystal- participants. line bedrock. The second course, which was run for the tenth time and covered a period of six weeks in Septem- The number of people taking independent courses ber-October, focused on more large-scale utilisation of from the undergraduate programme was around 400. groundwater as a water source in urban areas. At the start in the autumn, 350 applications were re- ceived for these courses and around 250 were enrolled During the year, the Maritime Safety Centre/School of on at least one course. With the aid of the new SALSA Maritime Studies at Chalmers Lindholmen ran a continu- admission system it was easier to see how many people ing professional development programme and authori- have applied for independent courses from the under- sation-extension programme for marine officers in ac- graduate programme. ❖ cordance with the Chalmers assignment from the Minis- try of Education and Science. This covers theoretical technical/nautical courses and safety-oriented courses. The Maritime Safety Centre is responsible for the Aurora training platform where, among others, Stena Line trains its summer personnel in security procedures.

28 A new unit with responsibility for educational develop- ment at Chalmers was founded in April 2002. The old Centre for Educational Development was merged with the Chalmers Medialab. The need to combine expertise Educational in education and didactics with expertise in digital repre- sentation has in recent years become increasingly obvi- ous. The new unit, the Centre for Digital Media and High- development er Education, has the task of satisfying this need. The unit functions as a scientific department with both educa- Undergraduate Programme Conference Chalmers rewards tional responsibility and research. It works to develop The Chalmers Undergraduate Programme Conference good teachers new, creative solutions where the focus is on the poten- took place on August 13-15, 2002 and was aimed at Chalmers’ educational tial of IT in education and competence development. The everyone at Chalmers with an interest in matters related awards are presented to Centre conducts research within higher education, digit- to undergraduate education. This internal Chalmers underline the importance of good teaching. This year’s al representation, VR (virtual reality) and visualisation. conference focused on development within undergradu- recipients are: The centre has extensive co-operation with Göteborg ate education and offered a forum for discussions among Martin Brundin for his University, both with regard to new doctoral pro- colleagues about projects within C-SELT, the RePu considerable personal grammes at the Faculty of Arts and the new MSc pro- project (Reference Group for Educational Development) commitment and his capacity grammes at the IT University. and all other development within undergraduate educa- to create an understanding of tion. The conference was based on presentations of the core of mathematics. He is Courses projects and all the presentations were documented in a doctoral student at the During the year the Centre has been responsible for writing. Another important theme centred on issues Department of Mathematics. courses in education offered to teachers at Chalmers. A related to work in the future, including discussions of Jonny Lindström, who has basic revision of the education courses for teachers has results achieved within the framework of C-SELT and succeeded in raising the level been made and the new courses have been organised in planning for phase two of the project. of interest in mathematics and the form of modules to generate maximum flexibility. engineering among students on the engineering prepar- Teaching staff and doctoral students are offered 10-point Quality of undergraduate programmes atory year programme. He courses and short courses. There were 179 participants The work being done within C-SELT has clarified the has also created a stimulating during the year, of whom 87 were research students. need for high-quality undergraduate education. The aim study climate, which has Some 18% of Chalmers’ teaching staff have taken part in is to assess the effect of different development projects. improved the students’ the courses and 13% of newly-employed teachers. The During 2002, a method for following up undergraduate performance and under- Centre also plays an active role in undergraduate educa- programmes in collaboration with Linköping University standing of the subject. Jonny tion at Chalmers and at the IT University, e.g. in courses in of Technology has acquired a more definite form with, is a university lecturer at Chalmers Lindholmen. Technical Communication at Chalmers and within the among other things, identification of common quality MSc programme ‘IKT and Learning’ at the IT University in indicators. A one-day conference on this work took place Per Medbo is a doctoral Göteborg. The Centre also has its own MSc programme at in Jönköping in December. student at the Department of the IT University – EDT, Entertainment Design and Tech- Transportation and Logistics nology. and in the Model Building Pedagogical portfolio and Simulation course he has The task of describing the meaning of the term ‘peda- succeeded in generating a C-SELT gogical expertise’ has continued and the President has considerable level of interest in the subject by employing Chalmers has for a long time encouraged and supported during the year confirmed a ‘Pedagogical Merit Portfolio’. highly popular teaching pedagogical development. This work has been devel- The aim in the first instance is to highlight teaching methods and modern oped into a strategic Chalmers joint initiative to develop merits in a general way so that they can be assigned technology. undergraduate programmes and is known as C-SELT their rightful importance in conjunction with promotion Steve Svensson has received a (Chalmers Strategic Effort in Learning and Teaching). This and recruitment. ❖ teaching award for the second project started in 2001 and will continue for the next 6-7 time, which is evidence of his years. It has a budget framework of approximately SEK 50 considerable commitment to million, made available by the Chalmers Foundation. The teaching and the well-planned project is run under the direction of the Vice President arrangement of courses as a for undergraduate programmes. The first phase of the Courses during 2002, number of participants source stimulation for the project was concluded in December 2002 and dealt University Pedagogy for Chalmers Teachers 18 students. Steve is an mainly with four particularly urgent areas, including the Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 44 engineering lecturer at importance of examinations and innovative forms of Supervision of Doctoral Students 16 Chalmers Lindholmen. teaching. Experience from the first phase has led to a Performance, Speech and Voice Åke Wiklund is an adjunct slight shift in the project’s orientation for the phase that in the Teaching Situation 14 professor and was rewarded is due to begin in 2003. Doctoral courses for his humanistic, artistic Education for Doctoral Students 62 and anti-authoritarian Becoming a University Teacher 25 teaching style and his capacity to imbue enthusiasm and Number of participants 179 motivate his students.

29 Dialogue with society

Chalmers in the media ment has selected two Chalmers researchers, Professor Interaction with society The interest among the general public in research ap- Christian Azar and Associate Professor John Holmberg, to, Aim pears to increase as each year passes. This can be seen in in the capacity of experts, attend the world environment Chalmers will develop the amount of time allocated to science programmes on summit in Johannesburg, South Africa. knowledge and technology radio and television and in the launch of the tabloid in such a way that it benefits A number of debates held at Chalmers have aroused a a human, sustainable magazine Dagens Forskning. good deal of attention, including the problems of sub- society. This task also With a total of 120 press releases and around 2,500 standard building arranged together with the Swedish includes influencing the attitudes of the general articles in the Swedish press, Chalmers succeeded in Royal Academy of Engineering as well as a debate in public in the same direction. maintaining the same degree of media presence as conjunction with the launch of the Chalmers’ investment Chalmers will continually before. To ensure greater international impact, the Public in bioscience. stimulate and create new Relations and Press Office ran an initial study of the fora for increased The annual William Chalmers lecture, which is held on interaction with society and media landscape in other parts of the world and also the anniversary of the foundation of the University on contribute to research launched news in English linked to Chalmers’ news on November 5, attracted a good deal of attention. Professor results being used the web. Three items of news that have attracted atten- effectively and innovatively. Owe Orwar spoke about his exciting and successful re- tion internationally are: search at the interface between bioscience and nano- –Rolls Royce has chosen Chalmers as its first university technology. He called his lecture ‘Real life nano- centre outside the UK, attracted by Chalmers’ excellent engineering’. research within marine engineering. Chalmers is one of the founders of the national science –The highly-respected German Fraunhofer Institute has centre Universeum, which is located beside the Liseberg named Chalmers as its first European partner outside Park and the soon to be completed Museum of World Germany. Chalmers’ outstanding research within Culture in Göteborg. In 2002, Associate Professor Sten mathematics laid the foundation for the new Ljungström from Chalmers was appointed as head of Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre for Industrial Mathematics. renewal to stimulate children’s and young people’s inter- est in technology and science. –According to an international expert committee appointed by the Swedish Research Council, the Whilst interest in research is growing, questions related to Onsala Space Observatory is at the forefront among education are attracting less interest in the media. One national facilities, alongside the MAX Laboratory in exception was the periodical Moderna Tider, Lund. which in an evaluation of higher education ranked the The press service Expertsvar was made permanent dur- Chalmers architecture programme as the foremost in the ing the year. This is run under the auspices of the Swed- country. ish Research Council and is produced with the aid of, among others, Chalmers. During the year the service was Chalmers for the people of Göteborg linked to a number of its equivalents throughout the The work being done by Chalmers’ researchers and stu- world: Alpha Galileo in the UK, InformationsDienst- dents each year puts Chalmers in focus during the Göte- Wissenschaft in Germany and Profnet in the USA. borg International Science Festival. In 2002, the festival Chalmers Magasin has generated a greater international attracted 80,000 visitors and the Swedish Research Coun- response. The magazine, which now has a circulation of cil passed a decision to become the fifth principal for the over 32,000, has proved to be highly popular among festival. alumni throughout the world. The same applies to Ny The last day in April each year offers yet another opportu- kunskap, which in a popular way presents the newly- nity for Chalmers to be seen and heard on the streets of inaugurated professors and their research (available also Göteborg, when the Chalmers Procession attracts thou- in English, New Knowledge). Several representatives have sands of spectators to the centre of the city. To contribute reported on the benefits of this publication in their to a pleasant atmosphere after the Procession, Chalmers, contact with industry abroad. in conjunction with the municipal authority, arranged Chalmers’ environmental researchers have been involved performances by musicians and singers from Chalmers at in international debate during the year, mainly through a variety of locations around the city centre. The evening co-operation within the framework of the Alliance for was concluded with an impressive firework display, ar- Global Sustainability (AGS) with other prominent univer- ranged by the Student Union association Pyrot, the Swed- sities in the environmental field. The Swedish govern- ish Champions in pyrotechnical cascades for many years.

30 Chalmers Innovation System Chalmersinvest Since the 1970s, Chalmers has been a pioneer in high- During 2002, AB Chalmersinvest invested around SEK 3.7 lighting innovation processes and growth companies million in the four growth companies, Vehco, Accinity, based on new knowledge. Since 1998, the expression Alfasensor and Secureon. In addition, investments of Chalmers Innovation System has been used to cover a around SEK 2 million have been made in four other number of enterprises – Chalmers Innovation, Chalmers- companies as well as an investment undertaking in the invest, Chalmers School of Entrepreneurship etc. School of Entrepreneurship Fund. During 2002, co-ordinated work has taken place to fur- Chalmers School of Entrepreneurship ther integrate the innovation system into the Chalmers At the Chalmers School of Entrepreneurship, eight research and education processes and the role of the projects were run during 2002, of which four will be system has expanded, both in the region and at Chalm- transformed into companies. During the year, the ers. A programme to improve know-how around ‘incuba- projects accumulated SEK 1.7 million in ‘soft’ loans. Three tor’ processes was started in the Västra Götaland region of these projects won SEK 300,000 each in the ‘Vinn nu’ with Chalmers Innovation as the operating base. competition, arranged for the first time by Vinnova and Within the Chalmers Innovation System, pilot projects Nutek. In this national competition, over 400 newly- are in progress dealing with strategic IP (Intellectual started companies took part. Of the 20 companies that Property). The term strategic IP refers to the intellectual received a prize, eight were linked to Chalmers and seven right to an invention or research results, which in time were at Chalmers Innovation. The 63 students who have are expected to be of major future industrial significance, attended the Chalmers School of Entrepreneurship since The basis for strategic IP is a world-leading research 1997 have had, as of September 2002, primary responsi- position in a specific field where protection against bility for starting 18 companies with a total of 114 em- copying is sought for the research processes. Strategic IP ployees and a turnover for the first nine months of the can also give access to international research collabora- year of SEK 34 million. tion. One of the companies to which the innovation system Strategic IP thus applies in the first instance to research has contributed is Vehco – a telematics company that areas where unique results and research methods are offers medium-sized haulage companies methods that Chalmers physicist to Swedish Research Council being developed and which are in themselves patenta- allow more efficient and more environmentally friendly Lars Börjesson is Professor ble. Such patent activities need to be dealt with in a way transport. Vehco came from the Chalmers School of of Physics at Chalmers and that is new for the universities. Although expensive to Entrepreneurship in 2001 and during 2002 attracted in July he took up the maintain, it is necessary in order to be involved in scien- venture capital in two blocks, among others from Chalm- newly-established half-time tific collaboration with leading international researchers. ersinvest, and is now in the Chalmers Innovation incuba- position of assistant Those who work within the Chalmers Innovation System tor at Lindholmen. principal secretary of the are all seeking to identify product ideas that could have a Swedish Research Council Chalmers Technology Licensing commercial future, the aim being to create a unified subject board Natural At Chalmers Technology Licensing (CTL), 21 projects programme of support activities for such ideas and to Science and Engineering. were evaluated during 2002. There was a particular focus ultimately utilise and commercialise them. Viewed in financial terms on seven of these, of which two are within the subsidiary and in terms of the number Chalmers Innovation ECSIBEO. CTL is already involved in seven other projects. of applicants, this is the The Chalmers Innovation Foundation, located at the During the year, ECSIBEO has contributed directly to largest subject area within Stena Center, has taken eight companies into an incuba- bringing in at least SEK 2 million in external funds to the Swedish Research Council, with a budget of tor* and of these three companies have ‘graduated’. Chalmers research and orders for material and option just over SEK 1 billion per Chalmers Innovation has been selected as a pilot case in charges have produced SEK 0.3 million in customer year. In addition to direct the Vinnova national incubator programme. Since the income. CTL’s operations were moved to Chalmers Indus- research support triteknik at the end of the year. start in 1999, some 34 companies have been part of (approximately 2,050 Chalmers Innovation. These companies today have projects and 325 research around 200 employees and in 2002 they had a turnover appointments) several of around SEK 60 million. Around SEK 550 million in * An incubator is a concept that brings together national and international undertakings and private share capital and around SEK 40 million in public support activities when starting up new compa- memberships of research financing has been invested in these companies. nies. This involves helping with know-how, organisations are handled. The winner of the Venture Cup business plan competi- capital and office space. The emphasis is on tion – Alfasensor – had its origins in research at Chalmers expertise in business development, law and and began as a company in the Chalmers Innovation financing, key aspects being patents, licensing ‘pre-incubator’. Four of the eleven finalists in the Venture and contract issues. Cup are linked to Chalmers.

31 Chalmers Careers Service By working with recruitment and career planning for Chalmers students and companies, the Chalmers Careers Service acts as a link between the University and work- ing life. Activities had a new start during the second half of the year and were further reinforced with the appoint- ment of staff with recruitment expertise. The recruitment service has now been set up and tested, which means that the Careers Service can undertake recruitment assignments from companies and other organisations that are seeking to recruit Chalmers students. A number of assignments have already been implemented. The database is the core of the recruitment service and was developed during the autumn to act as an effective search tool. At the end of the year, 2,425 Chalmers stu- dents had entered their profiles into the database and the website had had a total of 57,530 visitors. Individual guidance and different group activities have been run to satisfy the need among Chalmers students for career planning, interview training and so on. Courses have been produced and are run internally or through other organisations – the ‘Job search’ courses for exam- Alumni and market contacts Grant for academic ple. Careers Service has also taken part in the Chalmers leadership Alumni activities, fund-raising and strategic marketing labour market days (CHARM) and similar arrangements at Chalmers professor Hans and communication led to the setting up during the year the different schools. Because of the current situation on Bjur has received the Janne of the Alumni & Market Contact unit. With the support of the labour market, the focus in all activities has been on Carlsson Award, worth the new unit, Chalmers’ management during 2002 has Chalmers students who are approaching the end of their SEK 50,000, in recognition of expanded and deepened its contact with Chalmers’ time at Chalmers or who have just graduated. During the his capacity to inspire students strategic partners. An advisory committee made up of to develop new concepts second half of the year, Careers Service in different ways leading representatives from industry has been set up to within architecture and urban met and assisted 340 Chalmers students from this target increase the potential for donations and research contri- development and for his group. contribution to increasing the butions within research areas that are central to both the insight of political decision- development of Chalmers and industry. A Chalmers makers and industry partner, Stena AB, during the year became the first Swed- Co-operation within industry regarding the significance of ish company member of the Alliance for Global Sustaina- Collaboration between politicians, industry and the architecture and the built bility – an international environmental research forum academic world has led to the development of a new environment as well as the with leading representatives from the academic world knowledge and development centre, known as the importance of interaction and industry. Lindholmen Science Park, at the old Lindholmen ship- between architecture and yard. This collaboration is unique and is based on a During the year new services and offers were developed engineering in the municipal property company developing the infrastruc- for alumni. Chalmers MasterCard, which offers a whole development of the built ture in co-operation with companies that have estab- environment. range of benefits, was launched just before the summer. lished operations in the area. The companies that are The card is the first of its kind in the Nordic region and moving in aim to initiate co-operation with other bodies offers alumni the opportunity to support Chalmers, as in the immediate area or in joint project environments Handelsbanken will allocate 0.5 % of the purchase sum with different companies and from university and col- to special projects within undergraduate education. lege research groups . The industrial sectors in question Contact with the younger alumni has been intensified are related to the automotive industry and telematics, through a series of activities run in collaboration with the mobile Internet, logistics and, later on, design. The devel- Chalmers Engineers’ Association. opment of a programme proposal took place throughout During the year, US Friends of Chalmers was set up in most of 2002. The programme is known as Intelligent association with alumni in the USA. The foundation, the Vehicle Transport Systems, IVTS. A large number of com- purpose of which is to increase knowledge of Chalmers panies are involved, with the Volvo Car Corporation, in the USA and to seek financial support for the develop- AB Volvo and Ericsson as the largest, along with several IT ment of the University, received its first one million consulting companies, including Caran, Semcon and kronor donation during the year. Teleca. The project is named Open Arena Lindholmen Chalmers Global Fund, which was launched in 2001, has and the arrangement will be in accordance with the awarded a number of grants during 2002 to promote the Vinnova regional growth agreement concept. Within five internationalisation of Chalmers. SEK 405,000 went to years 10,000 people are expected to be working in the MSc students from the third world, degree and project area. With residential buildings, service facilities, compa- work in Australia, the USA and Europe and to the “Formu- nies, training and research establishments, the area will la Student” car project at the School of Mechanical Engi- be the equivalent of a medium-sized Swedish town. neering.

32 Similar efforts, albeit in more delimited areas, have also Major focus on herring taken place in co-operation with industry in Western as a functional food Götaland in a variety of sectors: A new regional research project was started during the – Plastic in a sustainable society is an example of where year under the leadership of the petrochemical industry in Stenungsund and a Ann-Sofie Sandberg, large number of smaller companies have set up a Professor of Food Science and network together with Chalmers researchers. scientific leader at the Centre – Innovative Food in Western Sweden is a project for Functional Foods. focusing on Functional Foods as a means of making The work involves producing better use of raw materials, in this case in the herring the know-how required for the industry, and for the development of oats as food for development of functional human and animal consumption. Those involved are foods based on herring and the fishing industry, agricultural suppliers and food other marine raw materials. and bioscience research units at Chalmers and The project is a clear example Göteborg University. of the interaction between the – Microwave Road is a programme proposal around a research world, industry and group of companies with highly advanced micro- society and is also a good wave technology, the majority of which have worked example of interdisciplinary closely with Chalmers for a long time. co-operation. – Within Biomedical development in Western Sweden Apart from Food Science at regional collaboration is planned with a large group Chalmers and the Sahlgrenska of medical technology companies. The project is Academy at Göteborg based on the high level of know-how in this area at University, Swedish West Göteborg University and Chalmers. Coast Fisheries are involved as well as twelve companies Income from industry within the fish processing industry in Bohuslän. The During 2002, the Chalmers Group, including CHAMPS project has a budget of SEK 12 and CIT, received income and grants totalling SEK 167 Chalmers organisations million, of which the Western million from industry for doctoral programmes, com- for industrial co-operation Götaland region has missioned research, scientific consultations and the – The Corporate Relations Centre markets contributed SEK 3 million, the professional development of engineers and naval Chalmers as a partner for industrial renewal – National Board of Fisheries officers. This is an increase of SEK 40 million compared research interaction and continuing professional (via the EU Structure Funds) development programmes. with 2001, of which SEK 21 million refers to Chalmers. has contributed SEK 6 million – The Chalmers Industrial Technology and Formas approximately SEK 104 million of the SEK 167 million comes from Foundation (CIT) markets, sells and runs SEK 3 million. commercial assignments. The remaining SEK 63 million commercially-applied research and development is in the form of grants. The largest individual custom- and tailored continuing and professional development programmes. er/contributor group is Volvo, with a total of SEK 26 million. ❖ – The CHAMPS (Chalmers Advanced Management Programs) Foundation arranges continuing and Creativity and professional development programmes in interdisciplinary work Technology Management for managers in Johan Linton is a doctoral industry. student at the School of – The School of Continuing Professional Architecture at Chalmers. He Learning at Chalmers Lindholmen offers has an MScEng in Engineering competence development programmes for Physics, he is an architect and engineers and marine officers working in industry. he also has a Lic.Eng. degree. He has been awarded a grant – The Chalmers Science Park Foundation creates conditions for close co-operation between by the Stiftelsen Skapande research departments at major companies and Människa (Creative Human Chalmers’ researchers at the Chalmers Science Being Foundation) worth Park. SEK 50,000 for “working with – The Lindholmen Science Park creates a strong degree of integrity at conditions for close collaboration between the interface between different companies and company departments working scientific disciplines in order to with advanced technical development by initiating and marketing a science park at the examine thinking and Lindholmen area. creativity on both the theo- retical and practical level”. – The Medicine and Technology Foundation generates increased potential for the commercial Each year, the Foundation and social benefits of medical technical research makes two awards to results from Chalmers and Göteborg University. encourage young artists and – The IMIT Foundation (Institute for Management researchers to work in a of Innovation and Technology) runs and creative, interdisciplinary way promotes research within technical and industrial at the interface between art and renewal and administration and is involved in the provision of training for, among others, Chalmers. science. The Foundation is supported by the Swedish Central Bank Jubilee Fund.

33 time an exchange with the University of Tokyo has com- menced through the AGS. An agreement was also signed during the year with Kyoto University.

New international education programmes International Together with Northumbria University in Newcastle, England, Chalmers Lindholmen has established a joint course programme that will lead to an MSc from Chalm- ers and an MSc from Northumbria. The exchange has co-operation been preceded by close contact on the teacher and management level, including a British quality assessment International prize to Chalmers is continuing to develop its international of the current course programmes at Lindholmen. Chalmers researcher profile. During 2002, this took place mainly through Christian Fager, a researcher continued concentration on powerful networks, includ- Internationalisation at the Department of Micro- ing UNITECH International and AGS, the development of electronics at Chalmers, has For many years Chalmers has had far more incoming selected bilateral contacts and support for interaction been awarded the prize for international students than Chalmers students studying with companies in other countries. the Best Student Paper in abroad. During 2002, Chalmers had over 1,000 interna- the face of strong tional students enrolled while around 200 Chalmers competition from 24 other Powerful networks students took the opportunity to study abroad. The nominations, selected from Chalmers’ first year within UNITECH International has majority of the students from abroad studying at Chalm- over 200 contributions, at been successful. It has attracted attention among stu- ers were on the international MSc programmes. the IMS 2002 International dents and the exchange programme has functioned very Microwave Symposium in During 2002, Chalmers had almost 100 agreements well. Chalmers has also had lecturers involved in the Seattle, USA. The conference within the Socrates Programme. Within the framework of is the largest in the field of introductory week in 2002 at RWTH (Rheinisch-West- this agreement just under 100 Chalmers students went radio and microwave fälische Technische Hochschule) in Aachen. abroad and more than 250 European students came to technology and attracted Co-operation within AGS, of which Chalmers became a Chalmers. Within the Socrates teacher exchange pro- over 10,000 delegates. member in 2001, has been intensified and Chalmers is gramme, two teachers from the School of Chemical and actively involved in the AGS education activities, in the Biological Engineering took part in an exchange with management and administration of the Alliance and in three different universities. the following research projects: Over the years there has been an increasing emphasis –Dynamics of Green Innovation within the Chalmers bilateral exchange programme on –Delivering research results to the educational process Asia, North America and Australia. Some 50 Chalmers students have taken part in these exchanges. – Sustainable urban development –China Sky Chalmers has taken part for the first time in the UNITECH –Rural distribution networks exchange, with 10 incoming and 10 outgoing students. –Air pollution control in Kathmandu Valley As usual, the Nordic region exchange within Nordtek and – Emission and distribution of platinum group elements Nordplus has attracted mostly students of architecture. The majority of students coming to Chalmers are from – Sustainable buildings in developing countries Finland and in this case within the MScEng programmes. –Yellow dust

Chalmers took part in the annual AGS meeting in Costa International research collaboration Rica and has also played an active role in YES (Youth International research collaboration is an integral part of Encounter on Sustainability) which is the AGS summer Chalmers’ research and in many areas highly intensive. school in Switzerland for students from throughout the Activities that have attracted international attention world. include the focus on the new Chile-based telescope APEX, which the Onsala Space Observatory is involved in Asian co-operation together with the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astrono- Chalmers has continued to develop its contact with the my and the European Southern Observatory. A similar National Chiao Tung University in Hsinchu, Taiwan. An example is the development of technology for atmos- agreement to open an office at NCTU was signed in pheric remote analysis of volcanic activity, which is run conjunction with a meeting of the Taiwan-Sweden Joint within the EUproject DORSIVA (Development of Optical Business Council in Taipei in September. A group of Remote Sensing Instruments for Volcanological Applica- students have been on site during the year to make the tions) and a Sida project, NADIMCA (Natural Disaster necessary preparations for continued student and re- Mitigation in Central America). search exchange. A total of 38 teaching staff and visiting researchers from Co-operation with the Tokyo Institute of Technology has different parts of the world spent more than three been expanded and is now included in the global stu- months at Chalmers, which is roughly the same as the dent exchange programme World Wide. At the same preceding year.

34 UNITECH student exchange

In 2001, Chalmers was the first Nordic university to be elected to the UNITECH International Association, an association of international companies and prominent universities of technology in Europe. We asked civil engineering student Henrik Sunnefeldt, who is now an exchange student within UNITECH and taking the fourth year of his course programme abroad, exactly what this entails. “It is incredibly interesting and a real challenge. Not only having the opportunity to be part of this network of universities, companies and students but also to represent Chalmers within the Association. After I submitted my application I was interviewed by personnel both from Chalmers and from SKF, which is involved in sponsoring the programme,” says Henrik, who is now on the MSc programme Management of Technology at the University in Delft in the Nether- lands. Henrik explained: “A fundamental feature of UNITECH is cultural ex- change: meeting new people from many different countries in order to co-operate and exchange experi- higher than at home but I feel that I am managing ence. There are eleven UNITECH students, from Spain, well,” says Henrik, who continues: “I can see that what the UK, France, Switzerland, Italy and Sweden, and we I have learned at Chalmers is holding up well in com- live in our own house. We have the opportunity to parison as well as the way of thinking I adopted there. learn from each other and profit from our different I feel I fit in into the group well.” backgrounds and values. Two of these are girls and Is it expensive to study abroad ? “Even in this respect I am convinced that this mix is important. In a group I feel that I have been lucky. We all receive a grant made up of males and females the atmosphere is from UNITECH of € 300 a month (just under SEK better.” 3,000) but I also receive extra money for studying Is there anything particular that you have noticed? abroad from CSN in Sweden. My friends from Italy “The students from Ecole Polytechnique in Paris are and Spain normally live at home and it is up to their incredibly good at mathematics – unbelievably good. parents to ensure that they manage financially.”

The Spaniards do not eat dinner before ten in the How would you summarise your experience to date? evening and I have followed my foreign friends’ habit Henrik replies without hesitating: “The fact that of not taking off my shoes when I am indoors. Chalmers is investing in UNITECH is entirely right. One thing that strikes you in Holland is that everyone Europe is becoming more and more integrated and cycles. Everything appears to be planned around bi- studying abroad and learning about cultural differenc- cycles,” says Henrik. es and values is necessary. In my class there are just Is the programme very different from Chalmers? ten students and interaction with the teachers is good. “I study subjects such as economics, marketing of We have become a tight team. There is a lot of study- high-tech products, HR, business logistics and how to ing involved and there’s not much leisure time. I natu- lead a company that is undergoing change – all direct- rally miss my girlfriend, family, friends and my moth- ed at technology and innovation. The teachers also er’s chocolate cake but generally the advantages far include people from industry and professional board outweigh the disadvantages. I can warmly recommend members from the Netherlands. The study pace is UNITECH and all the experiences that go with it.”

35 Professors honoured by the IEEE Professors Bo Egardt and Mats Viberg have been made fellows of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE. They both work at the Department of Signals and Systems. The IEEE is a highly- respected technical international institute with more than 377,000 members in 150 countries. Each year, the board appoints a number of people who have performed excellent work within one of the IEEE areas as fellows. Bo Egardt receives the award for his contribution to the Only 18 Chalmers teaching staff spent time at a foreign has good exposure in the European industrial environ- stability of so-called adaptive regulators found in control university for a period longer than three months. Our ment. Chalmers has its largest participation in the mate- engineering. After being experience is that three months is a long time to be away rials/industrial programme Sustainable Growth with 42 Chalmers pro-vice-president and that a large number of researchers feel that an projects. Involvement in other theme programmes in- between 1999 and 2002, exchange of a few weeks or a month or so is still very cludes 21 in Information Society Technologies, 16 in Bo Egardt recently returned rewarding. In addition, there are the personal contacts Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development and to working purely with made at the large number of international scientific seven in Quality of Life. research. conferences, as opponents during PhD defences and Income during 2002 for all EU projects totalled SEK 50 “It is naturally an extra when acting as experts in appointments or evaluations. million, which is 39 % more than 2001. The transition incentive to receive this phase between the Fourth Frame Programme and the award now that I am back in Fifth Frame Programme has now been completed and in my position as professor and European programme on which I can focus 100%. During 2002, Chalmers took part in a total of 138 EU terms of projects we are now in the active period of the It can be seen as recognition projects, which is slightly more than the year before. The Fifth Frame Programme with a comparatively large of both my theoretical majority of these, 131, are research projects and most of volume per project. During the year, 35 new projects in scientific work and what I did them (111) refer to the four-year Fifth Frame Programme which Chalmers is a partner started within the Fifth within industry before I came (1999-2002). Six projects were financed within the Fourth Frame Programme. to Chalmers. I am extremely Frame Programme. Chalmers is also involved in other The whole outcome of the Chalmers involvement in the proud and it is particularly programmes, such as the ECSC (European Coal and Steel recently-completed Fifth Frame Programme (the final pleasing that Mats Viberg has also been made a fellow.” Communities). Chalmers was the co-ordinator in nine of Fifth Frame projects to be approved, however, will start at the projects that took place during 2002. Of these, eight the beginning of 2003). The total contract value is € 24 Mats Viberg was appointed million (approximately SEK 216 million) for Chalmers’ for his work within statistical are within the Fifth Frame Programme. signal processing and array The 131 research projects represent a 6 % increase on participation in 125 projects, of which 11 are co-ordinat- signal processing. His the preceding year. The largest group, 98 projects, are ed by Chalmers. The corresponding volume in the Fourth € primary research area is “industrially-oriented” projects within the theme pro- Frame Programme was 15.6 million (approximately SEK basic research, linked to both grammes. Such projects are normally run over a period of 140 million) for 128 projects, of which 10 were co-ordi- radar and telecommunic- three years and usually have around seven partners from nated by Chalmers. ations. around four countries. In 70 % of the 98 projects there Chalmers is taking part in fewer projects in the Fifth are now 396 partner companies. Of these companies, Frame Programme compared with the Fourth Frame 92 % are outside Sweden, which means that Chalmers Programme. In return, the volume of work per project is considerably greater and the income has increased significantly compared with the preceding year. Chalm- ers’ volume in the EU research programmes means that Number of EU-projects at Chalmers 2002 (2001) we have a good Swedish position. Income from the EU Commission Many universities have seen a downturn in the propor- Industrially-oriented research tion of Fifth Frame Programmes approved. Chalmers has 9 programmes, e.g. Brite/EuRam, Growth, IST, EESD 98 (94) managed relatively well and up to now has the same Research mobility TMR, IHP, INTAS 33 (30) proportion (35 %) in the Fifth Frame Programme as Technoloy transfer INNOVATION, TEMPUS 3 (3) during the corresponding period in the Fourth Frame Student exchange, development of education, Programme. The average for the whole of Europe is SOKRATES, LEONARDO 4 (6) approximately 25 % of projects approved. Total 138 (133) The new, four-year Sixth Frame Programme (2003-2006) commenced in December 2002. ❖

36 People Personnel, quality and know-how and development

On December 31, 2002 there were 2,573 employees, or Redundancy 2,478 calculated as full-time positions. Of these, Chalmers In February, redundancy notices were filed with the Lindholmen had 198 employees, or 194 calculated as full- County Labour Board owing to lack of work in 23 posi- time positions. In addition, there is the subsidiary company tions. Following negotiations with the trade unions, Chalmers University of Technology Properties AB with 18 eight people have been made redundant as a result of employees and the Chalmers Foundation with four em- lack of work, three people will take contractual early ployees. Compared with 2001, the number of positions has retirement, six people have been transferred to new increased by 33 (mainly professors, associate professors positions and three positions will be withdrawn follow- and doctoral students). ing the retirement of the holders (2003-2005). The division between teaching/research personnel and Two secretaries were allowed to stay as a result of technical/administrative personnel has changed slightly as parental leave granted to other employees and three the administrative personnel has been reduced by 15 full- persons with a subsidised salary were dealt with sepa- time positions. Teaching/research personnel account for rately. An agreement was reached with a further two 65% of the total number of employees. persons regarding termination of employment and two persons regarding contractual early retirement. The proportion of women is 32 % of the total, which is largely the same as the preceding year. There has been a certain increase in the number of women among doctoral Equality students and university lecturers. Monitoring of equality in remuneration under the Swedish Equality Act took place during 2002 following the salary reviews for 2001. The results indicate that the Personnel planning salary differences between women and men at Chalm- Following a central negotiation solution in the 2001 wage ers with the same positions and within the same agreement, funds were allocated for 2001 and 2002 to so- groups is not great, although women and men are called security-generating measures. For Chalmers this quite strictly separated within different employment represented around SEK 11 million. The employer and the structures. Men are researchers and teachers and the chairmen of the local trade unions at Chalmers have higher the position the more men there are and thus formed a group comprising all parties, which during 2003 the higher the salary. Women are often administrators intends to use these funds for the development of the and the men who are in these groups are managers to skills and expertise of existing personnel so that an ex- a greater extent than the women. Before the 2001 change of know-how can take place and employment can salary review the women’s salary was, in a median be secured. During 2002, the group, using the School of comparison, 87.9 % of the men’s. After the salary review Mechanical Engineering as a pilot case, worked on imple- this figure increased to 89.4%. menting harmonised personnel planning at Chalmers. Personnel planning is based mainly on structured discus- As a continuation of an earlier equality analysis at sions with employees which, in conjunction with strategies Chalmers, ‘Thinking and strategies’, 2002 was devoted for the future, will constitute the basis for recruitment, mainly to monitoring of sexual harassment and courses development of know-how and phasing out plans. dealing with this. The courses were directed at strategi- cally-selected groups, such as the University Board, the University management group, the school manage- Recruitment ment teams and co-operative groups. The Student As a result of the financial position at Chalmers, a stop has Union management team and the student associations been imposed on new recruitment of administrative and have been kept informed about the courses. A ques- technical personnel since August 2002. Employment on a tionnaire dealing with sexual harassment was sent out fixed term basis has taken place to cover people who are to students during the late spring with a reminder on parental leave and who are absent due to illness, al- during the first week of the autumn term. During the though no positions have been filled on a permanent autumn the schools had planned measures based on basis. the results of the questionnaire. The results will be This restrictive approach has also been applied to new reported next year. The University board has initiated recruitment of doctoral students, assistant professors and the task of working with quantifiable equality objec- permanently-employed research staff and teachers. It is tives at Chalmers. A working group, with the President generally the dean of each school who reaches a decision as the chairman, commenced their duties during the regarding employment within these personnel categories. late autumn.

37 The thought of the unthinkable

The fact that Kaija Matikainen comes from our neighbouring coun- jumped at. A laboratory position became available at the Microtechnol- try to the east is obvious from her name. When she was young she ogy Centre, MC2, and as Kaija, with her expertise, had priority she was trained at a college for laboratory assistants in Finland and during offered the job. The new position was head of chemicals. “This was a lift the summer she worked in Sweden, where the salaries were high for me and I can now make use of the whole breadth of my experience. compared with her home country. She had envisaged working for a I took a course in clean room technology, which has resulted in a great year in Sweden before setting off to see the world. Now, twenty-five deal of new input in my whole way of thinking. I feel that I have been years on, she is still at Chalmers, although it could have come to an received very well at MC2, and I have become part of the new team. end last year. Despite the fact that Kaija has been a laboratory assist- It is also enjoyable to work in such modern, pleasant premises at MC2,” ant at the School of Chemical and Biological Engineering for 24 explains Kaija. “The new job is more varied than the old one and it years she was struck by the unthinkable. Her position as a laboratory involves a lot of contact with different people, which is also enjoyable. assistant was phased out due to lack of work. “I had naturally noticed I also see considerable potential for development, to come into a re- a fall in the volume of work. For several years when colleagues re- search area and to assume greater responsibility. This has renewed my tired their positions were not filled but I never envisaged that we hope in the future.”

would be forced to move because of lack of work,” she says. Kaija is also involved in health care at Chalmers and for more than ten “The turbulence at the School of Chemical and Biological Engineer- years she has led different physiotherapy and weight training groups. ing led to a great deal of concern among personnel and a lot of dis- “We train for an hour at lunch and I usually take a group about three cussions. After I received my redundancy notice and following a times a week. This is a very important activity,” she says emphatically discussion with the dean, I had lots of questions spinning around in and complains about the fact that Chalmers’ finances are under pres- my head. What will happen now? Is anyone doing anything? sure, resulting in a decision to reduce the grant for health care for 2003. How long will it take? At first I was not told anything. That was the “In discussions about the possible job at the School of Civil Engineer- worst; being alone with your worries and no one getting in touch. ing they actually spoke about devoting 20% of my time to health care. This then turned into disappointment, followed by anger. I realised If there is any downside to my new job then it is the fact that the health that I would be forced to take things into my own hands.” care activity is not part of the position at all. But I feel that training is For a while it looked as if Kaija could take up a new position at the so important and such fun that I don’t mind devoting my time to it School of Civil Engineering according to the priority rules. But then anyway.” Could you ever envisage going back to your old job? one day, quite by chance, an opportunity presented itself which she “Not a chance, even if I do miss my old colleagues,” replied Kaija.

38 Leadership development Using the leadership development assignment on the depart- To increase the level of quality in the leadership process, mental level, activities were arranged during the year with a development programmes with a focus on groups focus on different leadership issues, such as a programme around the President, the dean and the heads of depart- dealing with conflict management, communication and influ- ment have either commenced or were completed during ence and supervision. the year. The aim of the programmes is to make it possi- To support young researchers when taking the step from ble for the participants to become acquainted with and being a doctoral student to a research leader another project develop strategic processes in an academic environment management programme has been run for academics (PAK 4) and to train in team-building and personal leadership. as well as network meetings for former participants. The School of Civil Engineering has run a leadership development programme with the strategy process as a Quality teaching project. An equivalent programme has com- The Chalmers quality programme was evaluated during menced at the School of Electrical Engineering. Several 2002 within the framework of the National Higher Education schools have linked leadership development to the Agency assessments and was described by the assessment current work within the management group. With the group as follows: “The quality programme at Chalmers has formation of larger departments the departmental developed positively and appears to have been carefully management teams have also been incorporated into considered and systematically implemented. Particularly this development process. praiseworthy is the work on developing new follow-up As part of training the next generation of leaders, the methods. The results of this work could be of benefit to management at a number of schools have identified many centres of learning.” The assessment group advises young research leaders who have been assigned the task Chalmers to continue developing co-operation with Göte- of supervising management groups in important strate- borg University, to continue developing systematic research gic issues for the schools. Examples include looking into follow-up, to focus on its own evaluations, to develop follow- the future to identify and evaluate threats and opportu- up methods for contact with the community and to develop nities (the School of Mechanical Engineering), increasing the qualitative aspects of equality. quality in the strategic dialogue (the School of Electrical In the ‘More efficient support processes’ project, an analysis Engineering) and increasing quality in the management was made of the payment routines, provision of know-how, process when setting up new departments (the School study administration and reporting systems. The aim of the of Civil Engineering). The groups’ younger researchers project is to monitor the work process and identify short- have then worked on the assignments as learning comings, duplication of work and unnecessary areas so that projects within the framework of their leadership devel- the support resources that have been allocated can be opment programme. utilised operationally in the best possible way. ❖

60-69 The number of employees 55-59 Personnel changes Personnel, age distribution 45-54 (full-time equivalents) Total (Number of women) Number 35-44 18-34 divided according to 1998 19992000 2001 2002 100 50 Women050 Men 100 personnel category, 1998 156 (11) to 2002, and the age Professors with a chair 108 (5) distribution for men and women in each personnel Professors 58 (4) 49 (3) category during 2002. 120 (15) Associate professors 96 (8)

Senior lecturers 108 (13) 107 (20)

107 (26) Assistant professors 91 (24)

54 (4) Engineering lecturers 47 (3)

Lecturers 29 (6) 37 (9)

Others teaching/ 291 (39) researching 263 (59)

Technical and maint- 441 (127) enance personnel 427 (115)

Administrative 424 (349) personnel 398 (329)

734 (202) Doctoral students 656 (159) 162 491

Total 2323 2482 2490 2445 2478 812 1666 (Number of women) (717) (770) (796) (794) (812)

✽ A rearrangement in 2000 of the category ‘Other teaching and research personnel’ has meant that the Technical personnel and Administrative personnel groups have increased by 21 and 36 full-time positions respectively.

39 New professors,

Stefan Bengtsson, Solid State Electronics Appointed on July 1, 2002. new knowledge Math Bollen, Electric Power Systems Appointed on December 1, 2002.

Michael Edén, Design for Sustainable Urban Development Appointed on January 1, 2002.

Lars-Erik Eriksson, Compressible Flow Appointed on September 1, 2002.

Spartak Gevorgian, Microwave Electronics Appointed on July 1, 2002.

Sverker Hård, Optical Physics Appointed on December 1, 2002.

Olle Häggström, Mathematical Statistics Appointed on June 1, 2002.

Reiner Hähnle, Computer Science Appointed on July 1, 2002.

Maureen McKelvey, Technology Management Appointed on February 1, 2002.

Olle Rutgersson, Naval Architecture Appointed on January 1, 2002. Stefan Bengtsson Lembit Sihver, Nuclear Chemistry Appointed on March 1, 2002.

More information about the new professors and their research can be found at www.chalmers.se/HyperText/NyaProf-E.html

Sverker Hård

Reiner Hähnle Olle Häggström

40 Spartak Gevorgian

Michael Edén

Math Bollen

Lars-Erik Eriksson

Olle Rutgersson

Maureen McKelvey Lembit Sihver

41 MArch programme at the top The periodical Moderna Tider has for the fourth year in succession ranked higher education programmes in Sweden. The survey is based on interviews with gradu- ates who have been asked what they think about the quality of the teachers and literature, the range of courses and special orientations, the potential for studying abroad, the status of the programme and the location and access to study places, computer rooms, library, student accommodation etc. Moderna Tider’s ranking of the country’s architecture programmes put Chalmers at the top. The following are two examples of projects that have been run during the year during the latter part of the programme.

Bohuslän in transformation Architecture Sotenäs Meeting Point is a project that has focused on current problems surrounding housing and living conditions in northern Bohuslän. The project has focused on planning and design principles for sustain- able development in small coastal communities, where changing conditions in traditional industries have led to problems. Finding solutions to these problems and making use of the potential to create an attractive residential environment have been the main challenge facing architectural students during the year. The project included public presentations and exhibitions as well as workshops, seminars and study visits, with participation by municipal authorities, industry and cultural workers. The summer course ‘Designing in stone’ gave the students the opportuni- ty to work with one of Bohuslän’s main resources in a very concrete way. The courses were run in co-opera- tion with the EU project ‘Stone Academy’, which is a Architecture student Anna Erneholm working hard. meeting point for different players that wish to rein- Photo Succie Gunnarsson. Dean Hans Lindgren force the conditions for positive development in Themes and research northern Bohuslän and to develop the potential for groups: using natural stone in construction and design. Building Design Built Environment and Sustainable A safe, humane care environment Development Another subject at the School of Architecture is build- City and Mobility ings for care purposes. During the year the project Innovative Design ‘Design for Change’ was run with the aim of designing Modern Architecture a psychiatric clinic. The task involved creating a secure, Space and Process human environment based on the change towards a Theory and History of Architecture more open form of treatment that has taken place Urban Design and within the psychiatric care sector and which means Planning that existing buildings must be adapted to the new Visualisation and conditions. The students who took part in the project Modelling had the opportunity to meet patients, nursing staff Degrees awarded: and county council politicians. Literature studies MArch 39 complemented with residing for a time in an empty Research degrees awarded: psychiatric department gave good insight into the Licentiates 4 task of formulating and presenting proposals for new PhDs 5 buildings at the University Hospital area near Uppsala Referee-examined Slott. The work also involved taking into account scientific articles 28 Concept sketch ‘Breaking circles’, a proposal existing, older buildings and the historic environment. Revenue (SEK m) 88 for a new Psychiatric Building presented by Three of the students are continuing to work on the Number of employees 106 Viveka Nordh, Anna Maria Persson, Susanne project as part of their degree with the aim of realis- Ringius and Elke Schroeter. ing the proposals. ❖

42 In the course ‘Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals ex tempore’, run for students on the dispenser programme, traditional craftsmanship is combined with individually- adapted pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Pharmaceutical technology Dean Jörgen Albertsson Pharmaceutical technology is a new Departments and Chemical & research and teaching area at Chalmers, divisions of the School: brought about by the new pharmacy Chemistry and Bioscience (dispensing pharmacist and pharmacist) Analytical Chemistry programmes at Göteborg University. Food Science Biological Molecular Biotechnology The group is based at the Department of Materials and Surface Chemistry and Organic Chemistry comprises a professor, assistant profes- Physical Chemistry sor and four doctoral students. The main Chemical Engineering and Engineering Environmental Sciences task of the group is to conduct research Chemical Engineering Design and teach in a field known as galenical Chemical Reaction Engin. New concepts in education pharmacy, i.e. the design and manufacturing of dosage Chemical Environm. Science The new course plans for the first-year students include a forms. The research is focused on the use of lipids as drug Forest Products and completely new chemistry and biochemistry course vehicles. Lipids show interesting structures in aqueous Chemical Engineering (14 points) with strong links to the mathematics courses. solution, e.g. liquid crystals and microemulsions, which Heat and Power Technology The content highlights the common themes used in all can be used to control and/or increase the uptake of Materials and Surface Chemistry chemistry sub-fields instead of emphasising the less and active substances in the body. Another research area is Applied Surface Chemistry less clear-cut borders between inorganic, organic, physi- ‘composite systems’ consisting of lipids and polymers, Ceramic Technology cal, analytical chemistry and biochemistry. the aim being to control drug release into the gastro- Inorganic Chemistry Continuous examination includes mathematical ele- intestinal tract. Nuclear Chemistry ments as well as essays, laboratory reports, oral examina- Polymer Technology tions, web reports and automatically-corrected tests Determination of protein structures using computers and will pave the way to the final exam- using polarised light MScEng degrees awarded: ination. It also features lighter items, such as the ‘atom A method has been developed enabling determination Chemical Engineering 109 hunt’. In the ‘Everyday molecules’ project the students are of protein structures not amenable to standard methods Chemical Engineering with Engineering Physics 27 free to select their own problems. such as x-ray crystallography. A requirement is that the Bio Engineering 19 Another new approach is to allow the same teacher to sample can be macroscopically oriented, e.g. in an elec- follow a group of students throughout an entire course tric field or streaming solution. A DNA complex with Research degrees awarded: Licentiates 38 instead of only teaching their own ‘specialisations’. This is protein RecA, an enzyme responsible for gene repair and PhDs 24 demanding, but also rewarding, and requires a complete- genetic recombination, has been studied. By replacing Referee-examined ly new form of co-operation among teachers compared light-absorbing amino acids in the protein, and then scientific articles 212 with traditional courses. studying corresponding mutants bound to DNA, direc- Patents granted 13 tional information can be obtained, making it possible to Patents maintained 24 build a 3D model of the protein complex. This method also applies to protein structure in oriented Revenue (SEK m) 241 membranes. ❖ Number of employees 267

43 Measurements of vibrations and noise from rolling tyres performed by the tyre noise research group. The measurements are made at Goodyear in Luxembourg within the framework of the European project RATIN. Accelerometers are mounted on the tyre to measure the vibrations in the rotating tyre, while microphones outside the tyre measure sound radiation.

New model for calculating tyre/road noise Noise is one of the most serious environmental problems in the industrialised world and is a problem that is still on the increase. Traffic noise is the noise problem that af- fects the largest number of people. The main source of noise at normal driving speeds is the noise from the contact between the tyre and the road and tyre/road interaction noise must decrease in order to reduce the total road traffic noise. This has been known for decades but as it is a very complex problem there are no simple solutions. Understanding noise generation from the tyre/road contact is one of the most challenging tasks within acoustics, which requires the capacity to model the contact between the tyre tread surface and the road Civil surface sufficiently accurately. At the department of Applied Acoustics at Chalmers a research group working on tyre/road noise has been developed over the past few years. Four doctoral students have been working under Engineering the guidance of Professor Wolfgang Kropp and this year the first doctoral student specialising in tyre noise in Sweden received his PhD. Krister Larsson’s doctoral thesis Not only moisture generates odours in ‘sick buildings’ presents the most advanced contact model so far, which Dean takes into account both the dynamic properties of the Gunnar Gustafson At the Department of Building Materials, research is tyre and the material properties of the tyre tread surface. being conducted into emissions of chemical substances This is an important part of the complete rolling model Departments of the School: in buildings, including a study of floor coverings on beeing developed by the research group, which has Applied Acoustics concrete. One particular problem area is emissions of achieved a world-leading position in the modelling of chemical substances in so-called ‘sick buildings’, which Building Economics tyre/road noise. The model makes it possible to calculate and Management can continue even after the floor covering has been contact forces depending on the tyre and road proper- Building Materials replaced. This is due to the fact that these substances are ties and will be used to investigate the potential for Building Physics not only emitted upwards but also penetrate downwards reducing tyre/road noise. ❖ Building Services into the underlying concrete, in some cases almost one Engineering decimetre down. This means that the substances contin- Environmental ue to be emitted despite the fact that the concrete is dry. Systems Analysis The problem could also persist if incorrect measures are Geology taken. It could be sufficient to apply a modern, water- Geotechnical Engineering based adhesive in conjunction with a new floor covering Structural Engineering to trigger a problem process. Compared with the so- The degradation model for alkaline degradation of Structural Mechanics called primary processes, where materials in a newly- carpet adhesive on moist concrete, which can generate emissions into the indoor environment. Water Environment constructed building emit substances that decrease Transport Several of the transport processes can be quite quickly, these secondary processes accelerate and decelerated with the aid of different barriers. emit much higher levels. MScEng degrees awarded: Civil Engineering 83

Research degrees awarded: Licentiates 18 PhDs 17

Referee-examined scientific articles 190

Revenue (SEK m) 177 Number of employees 206

44 Dean Jan Smith Computer Science Departments of the School: Computer Engineering and Engineering Computing Science MScEng degrees awarded: Computer Science and Engineering 59 Inauguration –Probabilistic analysis of systems is carried out to secure The Departments of Computing Science and Computer performance guarantees. Work is currently being done Research degrees awarded (of which GU): Engineering have been merged to form the School of on a research monograph that systematises tools and Licentiates 17 (2) Computer Science and Engineering. Activities are run in techniques and has been accepted for publication in PhDs 5 (0) collaboration with Göteborg University (GU), where the the prestigious Springer-Verlag series ‘Algorithms and School of Computer Science and Engineering is part of a Combinatorics’. Referee-examined scientific articles 76 new department at the Faculty of Natural Science. – Optimisation is a traditionally strong area in which Patents granted 4 An umbrella organisation was recently founded for research is taking place in association with the Patents maintained 6 IT activities at Chalmers and Göteborg University – the Göteborg-based company Carmen Systems, a world Revenue (SEK m) 153 (15) IT University – where the two departments at present leader in aircraft scheduling technology. Recent efforts Number of employees 170 (9) account for the majority of the activities. Information are aimed at incorporating constraint programming technology has placed computer science and computer techniques with more traditional methods. engineering at the centre of development within virtual- ly every area of science, engineering and society. The Departments of Computer Science and Computer Engineering at Chalmers and Göteborg University are among the strongest in Sweden. As research and teach- ing are interlinked there is a great deal to be gained from setting up a new School and a joint school will increase the potential for exerting a strong, positive influence in the IT area in Western Sweden. Around 170 people work at the School of Computer Science and Engineering, of whom over 50 are teachers and researchers with a PhD and some 70 are doctoral students. The remainder are technical and administrative staff. There are also a number of industrial doctoral students.

Algorithms for information technology It is widely recognised today that algorithmics consti- tutes a key thrust area in enabling and deploying infor- mation technology in strategic areas in the future. The research of the algorithms group is aimed at carry- Real-time computer graphics The soft shadows from the ing out both basic scientific and applied engineering @ are generated using the research to contribute towards achieving this goal. To generate images of three-dimensional objects with photorealistic quality at a speed of at least 20 frames per new algorithm. –Bioinformatics is a new and growing area at Chalmers second using a computer has been a long-standing goal and GU. Results have been obtained in reconstruction in computer graphics research. The computer graphics problems in DNA mapping and genetic linkage group has, among other things, developed a new algo- analysis. Other ongoing research projects involve rithm for soft shadow rendering. Soft shadows occur algorithms for inferring secondary RNA structure, for because most real light sources have an area or volume, phylogenetic analysis (the study of the history and and therefore the shadow edge consists of a smooth genetic relationship of species) in the presence of transition from ‘no shadow’ to ‘full shadow’. The new lateral gene transfer (genes can ‘jump’ between technique is the first in the world to achieve high per- different organisms and species) and for modelling formance and at the same time the quality rendered is regulatory pathways in cell systems. high. The research group is also collaborating with –Distributed and On-line Algorithms are critical in Ericsson Mobile Platforms, where the aim is to generate mobile and real-time systems. Fundamental results images in real time with reasonably high quality and at have been obtained for network protocols related to as low a cost as possible. High image quality is needed as the Smart Dust and Blue Tooth projects. The results are the displays are small and the users often hold them already being incorporated into the EU-funded EYES close to their eyes. This area has so far been relatively project for energy-efficient sensor networks: unexplored in computer graphics and demands a great deal of the solutions. ❖

45 Radiation from mobile phones Professor Kildal and his Antenna group have developed a new method for meas- uring radiation from mobile phones and the performance of phone antennas. The new method provides a basis for improving the antenna design in mobile phones. The measurements can be made with the phone located close to a phan- tom head simulating an actual user. The results show that for some phone models almost 90% of the power is absorbed into the head. Even though this radiation into the head is not known to be hazard- ous, it should be as low as possible in Electrical order to increase battery life and per- formance. This measurement method is based on simulating a so-called multi- Engineering path environment in a small chamber with metal walls, known as a reverbera- tion chamber.

Improved silicon circuitry Gas emissions from volcanoes Dean Holger Broman Developments within electronics have been incredibly Around 500 million people live under a latent threat Departments and varied and have led to smaller and more densely from active and dormant volcanoes. The ability to be divisions of the School: packed components and with a constant increase in able to predict a volcanic eruption is therefore of great Electric Power performance. Today’s electronics are based on silicon. interest. The methods currently being used to monitor Engineering We now know that the laws of physics set a limit on volcanoes are mainly seismology, geodesy, temperature Electric Power Systems how much the dimensions can be reduced although measurements and the measurement of chemical Electrical Machines there still remains a great deal to be done in silicon- changes in water in the proximity of the volcano. Gas High Voltage Engineering based research. measurements also provide valuable information about Power Electronics the status of the volcano but are used only to a small Electromagnetics At Chalmers, a research group under the leadership of extent, mainly due to the risks involved when sampling Antenna Group Professor Stefan Bengtsson is working on adapting the (manual methods). Bioelectromagnetic Group features of silicon and getting it to interact with other Computational Group materials. The group is involved in designing and test- For the past two years Associate Professor Bo Galle and Information Theory ing silicon structures that permit functional nanoscale his optical remote sensing group at the Department of Non-linear Electrodynamics elements, such as nanocrystals and single molecules, to Radio and Space Science have worked on the develop- Transport Theory be combined directly with existing silicon technology ment of methods for the remote, real-time measurement Microelectronics to create circuitry with improved performance. This of the emission of, and composition of, the gases emitted Microwave Electronics could involve, for example, using the conduction capac- from volcanoes. The methods have to date been tested Photonics ity in special molecules to create more compact com- successfully on 13 volcanoes in Italy, Africa, the West Solid State Electronics puter memories. The research is being conducted Indies and Central America. In autumn 2002, an EU Radio and Space Science within the framework of the SANAME project, which is project, co-ordinated by Chalmers, was started under the Signals and Systems part of the IST programme, within the EU Fifth Frame name DORSIVA (Development of Optical Remote Sensing Circuit Design Programme. Support is also provided by the Swedish Instruments for Volcanological Applications), the aim Communication Systems Control Engineering Research Council. being to collaborate on a European basis to develop the Imaging and Image Analysis methods even further. The group is also involved in the Medical Electronics recently-started Sida project NADIMCA (Natural Disaster Signal Processing Mitigation in Central America) aimed at introducing the methods into the monitoring of volcanoes in Costa Rica, MScEng degrees awarded: Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala. ❖ Electrical Engineering 112

Research degrees awarded: Licentiates 40 PhDs 14 Referee-examined scientific articles 354

Patents granted 13 Example of integrated microtechnology: A cross- Patents maintained 13 section of a MOS structure with an insulating Revenue (SEK m) 284 nanogap with the potential to contact molecules or Number of employees 306 other nano-objects. Produced by Chalmers. Image: University of Cambridge, England.

46 Environmental Sciences ‘Lundby on the move’ was organised by Professor Roland Scholz. Instead of bringing a case into the classroom and applying a method to achieve the correct answer, an attempt was made to ‘address reality in reality’ with everything this entails in terms of complexity. The focal point is discussing with those in the area and finding out what they feel is relevant to the development of an urban area. The result is not just one solution but rather a whole series of action plans for different future scenarios.

Chalmers researchers at UN summit At the UN summit in Johannesburg in 2002, political Dean Oliver Lindqvist A case study of leaders, academics, interest organisations and industrial The School of Environmental mobility and sustainable urban development representatives from around the world met to discuss Sciences is a so-called If one were to ask the people who live in the Lundby area and decide how sustainable development could be intangible school, made up of of Göteborg what they wanted they would reply more achieved. Prior to the meeting, John Holmberg, Christian a network of researchers and PhD students at all the shops on the local squares, fewer cars and automated Azar and Sten Karlsson of the Department of Physical Chalmers schools. The School public transport. Present-day reality is different: the Resource Theory, at the request of the Environmental of Environmental Sciences Backaplan retailing centre dominates commerce in the Advisory Council, were commissioned to write a report collaborates with Göteborg University through the joint area and the Lundbyleden dual carriageway carries on the link between economic growth and environmen- organisation GMV, Göteborg thousands of vehicles each day. What do you do to devel- tal impact. Their research deals with the fact that eco- Centre for Environment and op an area in the way the inhabitants want? Through the nomic growth in the majority of cases entails an increase Sustainability. Centre for Environment and Sustainability a case study in the use of materials and energy, which leads to a Affiliated to the School of course was run during spring 2002 to find out. The cen- greater load on the environment. To slow down this Environmental Sciences: tral element of this study was a discussion with the development, methods need to be produced which at Chalmers: people involved in the area and, based on their wishes decouple economic growth from environmental impact. Teachers and researchers 108 and views of reality, the preparation of model calcula- Research conducted at the Department of Physical Doctoral students 46 tions that show the different possibilities, such as how Resource Theory on the link between material, economic the various transport solutions affect crowding, air quali- and energy systems has therefore assumed increasing Through the Göteborg Centre for Environment and ty and noise levels and the environmental impact of the importance as a basis for political decisions and strate- Sustainability (GMV) at different types of purchasing alternatives. The result has gies. The report aroused considerable interest and led to Göteborg University: not been one single solution but several possible plans Chalmers researchers being invited to present the work Teachers and researchers 111 of action for different future scenarios. The study was led at a session arranged by the International Council of Doctoral students 51 by Roland Scholz, who held the Royal Professorship in Scientific Unions, ICSU. A follow-up is now expected Environmental Science during 2001-2002, and was car- within the Environmental Advisory Council and the ried out by students and teachers from a number of Swedish government regarding the significance of the departments at Chalmers and Göteborg University. Johannesburg meeting to research and policy. ❖

47 Dean Bo Berndtsson

Departments of the School (CHALMERS/GU): Mathematics Mathematical Statistics Computational Mathematics

MScEng degrees awarded: ( The courses at the School are part of programmes at other schools’ )

Research degrees awarded (of which GU): Licentiates 8 (1) PhDs 9 (0) Referee-examined scientific articles 79 Mathematical Revenue (SEK m) 138 (36) Number of employees 190 (37) Sciences

Wallenberg Prize for Interacting particle systems Partial differential equations and chaos and symmetry One of the School’s research groups is working on apply- mathematical physics At the annual meeting of the ing modern probabilistic techniques in a major statistical A research group consisting of Professor Grigori Rozen- Swedish Society of mechanics project, aimed at bridging the gap between blioum and Michael Melgaard is working on problems Mathematicians in May, the microscopic and macroscopic laws of nature. For concerning spectral properties of operators arising in Chalmers researchers Pär various simple models for interaction between particles quantum mechanics. The focus of interest is operators Kurlberg and Genkai Zhang on the local level, the group has shown how phase tran- with magnetic fields. Such operators often have spectral received the Society’s sitions and other complex phenomena emerge on the properties considerably different from the ones of the Wallenberg Prize. Pär was global level. Several of the most interesting results relate usual Schrödinger operators, which have an electric field rewarded for his work on to the occurrence of new phenomena when percolation only. The group has obtained important results on number theory and quantum operators with a constant magnetic field and is now chaos and Genkai Zhang for models and interacting particle systems live in hyper- his work on the analysis of bolic space rather than in the traditional Euclidean space. studying the so-called Aharonov-Bohm magnetic field, symmetric spaces. Several new phenomena appear in more exotic spaces. which is particularly interesting as it lacks analogies in The group has also obtained a number of results show- classical mechanics. ing which ergodic (long-term) properties apply to the different interacting particle systems.

The Schrödinger equation

The group is also working on other problems in partial differential equations and harmonic analysis in co- operation with research colleagues in the former Soviet Union.

–Together with G. Tachchiian in St. Petersburg, Riesz- Bochner summability of spectral expansions has been established, related to the magnetic Percolation theory deals The group has crossed the border between the Mathe- Schrödinger operator. with connectivity properties matics and the Mathematical Statistics departments: its of disordered materials. senior researchers are Olle Häggström, Johan Jonasson – In co-operation with a group of mathematicians from Here are some realisations and Jeff Steif. The group also has a great deal of collabo- Moscow (B. Sternin et al) partial differential equations of a percolation model at ration with mathematicians and physicists throughout on singular manifolds are being analysed, with the three different parameter Europe and the USA. use and development of methods from non- values: the first two below commutative geometry, to generalise the Atiyah- the critical value, and the Singer index formula. third above the critical value, which determines –With M. Agranovich in Moscow, the group is working whether an infinite on the spectral properties of boundary value connected component problems for the Dirac operator. appears. ❖

48 Intelligent safety systems The newly-founded Department of Machine and Vehicle Systems has four research areas dealing with safety sys- tems for vehicles and mechanical systems. The research focus is on advanced “intelligent” systems adapted to the capacity and tolerances of the human being under nor- mal and critical conditions and is taking place in co- operation between engineers, medical personnel and behavioural scientists within national and international consortia. During the year, the build-up of an accident analysis centre commenced in collaboration with the automotive industry and public authorities. The Centre will produce a basis for new, “intelligent” systems, which can prevent accidents and personal injury. The Depart- ment’s resources include a driving simulator, experimen- tal vehicles, crash test equipment and computer equip- ment for numerical models and analyses.

Reduced carbon dioxide emissions In 2001, the new subject area Sustainable Energy Systems was set up at the Department of Energy Technology as part of the Chalmers Environmental Initiative. Within the framework of this new subject, research has been con- ducted into the separation and storage of carbon dioxide Mechanical (carbon sequestation) in conjunction with large-scale energy production. Based on commercial process data from an existing latest-generation coal-fired power sta- tion, a process study, which was recently presented at an Engineering international conference in Kyoto, shows that with known and tested technology it is possible to separate carbon dioxide at a cost (including transport and storage of the separated carbon dioxide) that is considerably lower than the present Swedish carbon dioxide tax. The mapping of Europe’s existing power plant structure was done in order to establish scenarios regarding future development alternatives with and without elements of carbon seques- Vehicle simulator on an operating platform. tation. This is taking place partly in collaboration with MIT Dean Lennart Josefson and Tokyo University within the framework of Chalmers’ Departments and involvement in the Alliance for Global Sustainability, AGS. divisions of the School: Electronics Production Applied Mechanics New computer simulation method Energy Technology The design of vehicles is currently being developed Machine and Vehicle using wind tunnel tests and computer simulations. Systems Sinisa Krajnovic at the Department of Thermo and Fluid Materials Science and Dynamics has, in collaboration with the Volvo Car Corpo- Engineering ration, developed a new method for computer calcula- Naval Architecture and tion (so-called Large-Eddy simulation) of airflows around Ocean Engineering Product and Production vehicles, where calculations are made of the large eddies Development and models of the small eddies. The new method pro- Thermo and Fluid Dynamics vides a completely new picture of the airflow than that shown by present-day simplified computer models and MScEng degrees awarded: presents designers with new tools to improve the per- Mechanical Engineering 138 formance of the vehicle and at the same time generate Automation and an aesthetically attractive design. Now one can at last Mechatronics Engineering 38 see the eddies that cause side forces on a vehicle even Research degrees awarded: when there are no side winds. It is also possible to under- Licentiates 29 stand how the surrounding air gives rise to noise, follow PhDs 24 Large-eddy simulation of the flow around a bus. The average time-valued flow is shown on the right- how water and dirt move on the surface of the vehicle Referee-examined hand side of the bus. On the left-hand side of the bus it and learn how to design the vehicle to reduce air resist- scientific articles 241 is possible to see the instantaneous eddies that affects ance. This newly-acquired knowledge could also contrib- Revenue (SEK m) 327 the bus’s fuel consumption, stability and comfort. ute to creating better models for computer simulation in Number of employees 322 industry. ❖

49 Physics and Dean Mats Jonson Departments and divisions of the School (CHALMERS/GU): Engineering Physics Applied Physics Chemical Physics Astronomy and astrophysics Condensed Matter Physics In February 2001 the Odin satellite was launched into Condensed Matter Theory space. The Odin project is a collaborative venture be- Materials and Surface Theory tween researchers and space agencies in Sweden, Fin- Surface Physics land, France and Canada. Scientists at the Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics Astronomy and Astrophysics at the newly-founded Experimental Physics Centre for Astrophysics and Space Science at Chalmers Atomic Physics are involved in the in-depth analysis of new and exciting Condensed Matter observations from Odin of H2O and O2 in comets and of Electronic Structure interstellar molecular clouds. This is being led by the Environmental Physics Odin Astronomy Mission Scientist, Professor Åke Hjal- Materials Physics marson. Some interesting spectra of the 557 GHz transi- Microscopy and tion of ortho-H2O are shown in the figure below. In other Microanalysis simultaneous observations, sensitive searches for O2 at Molecular Physics 119 GHz have been performed. While no O2 detection Solid State Physics can be reported as yet, the resulting very low abundance –7 Subatomic Physics limits vs H2 (< 10 ) are very intriguing compared with Microelectronics and current model expectations in the range 10–5 -10–4. Nanoscience Applied Semiconductor Physics Applied Solid State Physics Applied Quantum Physics Liquid Crystal Physics Physical Electronics and Photonics SIMS Laboratory New research area Physical Resource Theory A new research area at the School of Physics and Engi- Reactor Physics neering Physics is bioimaging, one of the four key areas Theoretical Physics and Mechanics within the Chalmers Bioscience Programme. This area of Elementary Particle Physics research is relatively new. It has expanded considerably Mathematical Physics over the past ten years and has made a substantial con- Solid State Theory tribution to the rapid development within functional genome research, which involves the identification of genes in genetic material and the determination of their MScEng degrees awarded: function. Financial support totalling SEK 6 million from Engineering Physics 65 Swegene is being used to create a core facility known as Research degrees awarded the Centre for Biophysical Imaging. The aim of the (of which GU): project is to develop new microscopic methods that will Licentiates 26 (11) be used for novel research within life sciences. The centre PhDs 32 (5) will, for instance, provide facilities for confocal and multi- photon microscopy. The systems will be equipped with Referee-examined optical tweezers and laser scalpels, which can be used to scientific articles 504 manipulate the organisms under investigation. A system Patents granted 5 Odin observations of H O. Bottom: high velocity for the detection of single molecules will also be con- Patents maintained 4 2 outflow in the Orion molecular cloud (here the H2O structed. The Centre will offer external researchers the Revenue (SEK m) 316 (68) abundance is 5x10–4, and all oxygen is locked up in opportunity for research collaboration and access to Number of H2O). Next lowest: a narrow H2O line in the quiescent advanced equipment. employees 377 (78) Orion molecular cloud (abundance 10–8). Centre: H O 2 Swegene is a research project in south-west Sweden line in Comet C/2001 A2 (LINEAR). Next highest: involving collaboration between Chalmers, Göteborg spectrum of H2O emission from warm, dense gas and absorption features from foreground, lower excitation, University, Lund University and Lund University of Tech- regions observed toward the Galactic Centre, Sgr A*. nology. Swegene supports the research that emerges Top: a broad H2O line caused by the IC443 supernova after the major genome project, in which human genetic shock (shock-enhanced chemistry). material is analysed down to the smallest component. ❖

50 Dean Mats Johansson Technology Departments of the School: Industrial Dynamics Industrial Management and Economics Management and Industrial Marketing Innovation Engineering and Management Operations Management Economics and Work Organisation Project Management New undergraduate programme Research into research Service Management Technology and Society and stronger links with industry In another project, a research group has analysed the Total Quality Management The single most important task during the year has been current understanding that Sweden is one of the fore- Transportation & Logistics the continued development of the new MScEng pro- most countries when it comes to academic research but gramme in Industrial Engineering and Management, the that the exploitation of this knowledge base is less than MScEng degrees awarded: so-called IKON programme, where the first students have satisfactory. There are major methodological problems in Industrial Engineering and Management 62 now begun their second year. The focus of the work is on measuring the strength of academic research as well as the development of new, concluding MSc programmes. its exploitation. These problems mean that this under- Research degrees awarded: The aim is to create highly competent MScEng graduates standing does not have a firm foundation and this uncer- Licentiates 6 who can work in an international setting, both in indus- tainty must be taken into account in the debate regard- PhDs 5 Referee-examined try and in research. ing research policy. ❖ scientific articles 99 The doctoral programme has also developed strongly, Revenue (SEK m) 117 partly through a new base block focused on method, and Number of employees 115 partly through increased co-operation with other univer- sities, including the School of Economics and Commer- cial Law in Göteborg. External activities in general have acquired greater focus and the School will take a more active role in regional development and innovative environments. Collaboration with industry has been strengthened and highly competent practitioners are linked to the School through the foundation of a so- called Associate Faculty.

Commissioned course for Volvo Logistics During this year, the School, together with the Göteborg University School of Economics and Commercial Law and the Chalmers School of Continuing and Professional Learning, developed the commissioned course ‘Basic Logistics and Transport Economics’ for Volvo Logistics. The aim of the course is to provide a general increase in academic know-how and more specifically an improved understanding of logistics processes. The first course came to an end in October 2002.

Energy research in focus A major project on the determinants of and obstacles to a transformation of the energy sector, led by Professor Staffan Jacobsson, has attracted considerable attention. It is felt that this research has turned existing ideas upside down and one of the participants in the project, Dr. Anna Bergek, was granted the Christer Ericson Envi- ronmental and Energy Prize in 2001, and the Gunnar Engström ABB Energy Prize in 2002.

Students on the new IKON programme pictured outside the School’s main entrance. From the left: Hans Anebreid, Andrea Wetterberg and Isak Gabrielsson.

51 International co-operation Chalmers Lindholmen’s international unit has been rein- forced during the year to be able to offer an attractive international range of programmes. The ambition is to co- operate more closely with a number of sister universities’ abroad to promote exchange activities and partnership. One example is the new 60-point programme in Interna- tional Project Management, which was started in autumn 2002 in collaboration with Northumbria University in Newcastle, England. The students study at both universi- ties, choose where they want to do their degree work and are awarded an MSc degree by both universities.

School of Engineering The number of applicants for BScEng programmes throughout the country has fallen by 10%. First-option applicants for Chalmers Lindholmen’s Building and Civil Engineering Programme, however, increased by almost 60%. There was also a slight increase in the Computer Engineering Programme whilst the numbers for other Chalmers programmes fell. In autumn 2002, a total of 515 applicants were enrolled (536) on the BScEng and BSc programmes. The number of women fell to 17% (25%). Lindholmen The performance level on the BScEng and BSc pro- grammes remains at the same high level, 0.90 (0.89), and the number of graduates continued to increase, with 317 graduating in 2002 (266). Chalmers Lindholmen University College is a subsidiary of Chalmers with responsibility for the BScEng, BSc and The development of teaching and examination forms has President Bernt Rönnäng marine programmes as well as preparatory university continued. The special efforts made to induce students to actively get down to their studies at an early stage during Departments at studies within the framework of the engineering pre- Chalmers Lindholmen: paratory year. The School of Continuing and Profession- the first term has proved to be an effective means of reducing the drop-out rate and increase study perform- Applied Building and al Learning offers companies the opportunity to devel- Civil Engineering op know-how through continuing professional devel- ance. New course programmes in design and product Chemical Engineering opment programmes for people working in industry. development and chemical engineering with co-op are Electrical and Research at Chalmers Lindholmen is based on prob- planned for autumn 2003. Computer Engineering lems closely related to industry and on current needs in Research is based on problems close to industry. In the Language and Communication industry. The School of Maritime Studies is being devel- field of virtual reality, for example, better VR programmes Mathematics oped into a national centre for training and research are being developed for, among others, the construction Mechanical Engineering within shipping and, among other things, is investing in industry and research into what affects VR experiences is School of Continuing and research into shipbuilding technology with a focus on continuing. Within the research field of SCeNDT (Simula- Professional Learning safety at sea. A new professor within this field was tion Center for Non-Destructive Testing) operations are School of Maritime Studies appointed at the beginning of the year. being expanded. Chalmers Waterjet Lab and the multi- disciplinary engineering project ‘Smart Buildings’ are Degrees awarded: In autumn 2002 all students who were eligible were other examples of successful efforts. Total number 497 offered a place on the majority of programmes and 920 BScEng 317 (951) new students commenced their studies. In total, Master Mariner 78 Chalmers Lindholmen has 2,080 (2,237) students and Marine Engineer 35 198 (182) employees. Income for the year was SEK 202 Other programmes 67 million (190).

Referee-examined scientific articles 10 Engineering preparatory year A total of 360 first-option applications were received for Revenue (SEK m) 202 the engineering preparatory year at Chalmers Lindhol- Number of employees 198 men. To satisfy the demand, the number of places was increased and just over 240 people commenced during 2002. The engineering preparatory year is an important recruitment source for university engineering and natural science programmes and a means of broaden- ing the recruitment base to include students from non- academic environments. The engineering preparatory year at Chalmers is not only run at Lindholmen but also in neighbouring communities.

52 School of Maritime Studies ies is also developing onboard-based systems for in- The admission rules for the Master Mariner Programme creased safety when manoeuvring with a following wind, Programmes have been changed and the number of first-option improved route planning and control of leakage stability. School of Engineering BScEng, BSc 3 yrs applicants has increased, as have Deck Officer Class VII During the year, marine programmes on Tjörn were MSc International applications. All eligible applicants for the Marine Engi- moved to Lindholmen and the Maritime Safety Centre Project Management 1.5 yrs neering Programme and the Shipping & Logistics Pro- for authorisation and safety programmes was founded. Engineering Preparatory Year gramme were accepted. A total of 175 students for 180 The Chalmers Group’s three units within marine engi- School of Maritime Studies places were admitted. The number of women within neering (SSPA, Marine Engineering and the School of BSc in Nautical Science 3 yrs shipping-oriented programmes is 10%. Maritime Studies) have commenced close collaboration, BSc in Marine Engineering 3 yrs The performance level on the Master Mariner and Marine including discussions regarding a joint investment in an Engineering Programmes was 0.91 (0.88). The number of BSc in Shipping expanded simulator facility. and Logistics 3 yrs graduates in 2002 was 78 (78) master mariners and 35 Diploma of Commercial (27) marine engineers. In addition, 34 deck officers grad- Management and uated during 2002. Continuing professional develop- School of Continuing & Professional Learning Organisation in Nautical ment programmes for marine officers are run on an The School of Continuing and Professional Learning is Science 3 yrs ongoing basis. responsible for the Chalmers Group’s continuing profes- Deck Officer Class VII 0.5 yrs sional learning programmes for engineers, technicians Research within shipping has a clear safety profile and is School of Continuing and and marine officers and deals with the development of Professional Learning funded largely through the Vinnova shipping safety know-how at individual companies, based on current Continued education for programme. Evacuation of damaged passenger ships in professional engineers, and future needs. Read more about the School of Contin- difficult weather conditions is a problem area in which technicians and marine uing and Professional Learning under Continuing and officers. three doctoral students are currently involved. In three Professional Learning. ❖ different research projects the School of Maritime Stud- Positive development When visiting Lindholmen one is struck section is devoted to study social issues, immediately by the level of construction where we are working on developing work in the area, which, with Ericsson’s and collaboration between the schools and Semcon’s new buildings, is in the process of creating a stronger feeling of unity. Part developing into the IT cluster that had been of this involves a new meeting area. We planned. How does this affect the students? intend to build a new pub in an old build- We asked Peter Gustafsson and Maria ing that will be renovated during the Friberg, who are the chairpersons for the spring and inaugurated at the beginning BScEng section and the maritime section of of the autumn term 2003. The School is the Student Union. “It is obviously positive. responsible for everything necessary to It demonstrates that Lindholmen is well on secure the requisite permits,” states the way and for us this means better service, Peter. Maria adds: “We are pleased at the with new cafes and restaurants, a bank good contact with the School manage- within walking distance and in January 2003 ment. Direct lines of communication are a new bus service. In time, the increased important, both in discussions about contact potential with industry will be of education and in our study social work.” interest,” replies Peter. Chalmers Lindholmen also has its own Which issues have dominated during the labour market day, known as ‘kikk’. past year? “We now have new section “This was held in January 2003 with premises with our own entrance on the some 50 companies and is important in ground floor, which gives us a clear identi- bringing students into contact with indus- ty,” they state. “For us at the School of try,” explains Peter. The School of Mari- Maritime Studies life is otherwise dominat- time Studies has a special association, the ed by practical placement issues. The master Shipping Club, which handles contact mariner degree currently requires 16 with industry. “We have labour market months’ practical training, which we want to days on a smaller scale and from our reduce to 12 months. We want to compen- follow-ups we know that both the com- sate for the reduction by less maintenance panies that are involved and the students work on board and more simulator training. are satisfied,” says Maria. In general, The trade union and the Swedish Maritime Maria and Peter feel that developments Administration are doubtful however,” at Chalmers Lindholmen are interesting explains Maria. “Most of the work at the and that the future is looking bright.

53 Microtechnology Centre

Research in the nanometer Realisation of synergy effects The Process Laboratory contains equipment and tech- range requires ways of The vast majority of research groups housed in the MC2 nology for processing silicon, III-V materials with an measuring very small building, totalling approximately 200 persons, belong to emphasis on photonics and high-speed electronics, dimensions. If one were to either the School of Electrical Engineering or the School of silicon carbide and gallium nitride for high-power tran- stretch out one millimetre to a Physics and Engineering Physics. In addition, there is a sistors, superconductors and liquid crystal components. length of 100 metres, then one group of roughly ten people on the premises who are con- A particular strength of the research at MC2 is in nano- nanometre would be the ducting research in bioelectronics and who belong to the technology, where two electron beam lithography thickness of a sheet of copying paper. Here you can School of Chemical and Biological Engineering. Construc- machines are available. see MC2’s ‘atomic force tion of new laboratory premises began during the year, During the past year the process laboratory at MC2 was microscope’, which can be designed specifically to meet the special research demands evaluated by an international appraisal group appointed used to measure structures of this second group. by the Swedish Research Council. Their findings included with dimensions of less than Having been operational for almost two years, a clear in- the following statement: “MC2 at Chalmers has the 10 nanometres. crease in co-operation has been noted between research scientific expertise and the technical facilities to become groups that were previously separated in different buildings a world-leading research centre for micro- and nanotech- around the Chalmers campus. The synergy effect anticipat- nologies.” ed during the planning stage has begun to be realised. The Centre’s scientific production can be quantified in the more Finances than 200 publications in scientific journals and 180 contri- The government’s decision to back out of the promised butions to conferences made during the past year. In addi- rental allocation of SEK 38 million per year has signifi- tion, around 15 students complete their doctoral studies cantly affected MC2’s finances, forcing a change in the each year. The Centre’s researchers are referenced more direction of the Process Laboratory. A strategic plan than 1,000 times a year in other scientific publications. towards financial break-even in four years’ time has been devised to make up for this loss of money, which had Unique Process Laboratory been instrumental in the conception of the Centre. The MC2 Process Laboratory, which is one of the best uni- The plan includes, among other things, a significant versity facilities of its type in the world, can be used by both increase in the amount of industry projects, requiring a MC2 internal and external parties who have successfully com- larger investment in the marketing of the facilities and pleted the Clean Room Course. Before a user is allowed services. The relationship this year between funds ob- Director access to a particular machine, he or she must successfully tained internally from research groups compared with Olof Engström obtain a ‘driver’s licence’ from one of the specialists em- those obtained externally through industry projects was Revenue (SEK m) 77 ployed by the Process Laboratory. Approximately 1,500 60/40. As part of the plan to break even, this relationship Number of employees 24 driver’s licences have been granted so far to the 350 users will need to be changed to 30/70 over the next four who have passed the Clean Room Course. years. ❖

54 Ozone measurements by Odin The Odin satellite has been used for regular measurements of molecules in the Earth’s strato- sphere and mesosphere (altitudes of 10-100 km) since November 2001. These data include vertical distributions of ozone, nitric acid and chlorine monoxide, the latter two being important in the understanding of ozone destruction. Odin has also demonstrated its unique ability to measure the vertical profile of water vapour up to over 90 km in altitude thanks to the extremely sensitive sub-millimetre radiometer built at Chalmers.

The global division of nitric acid distribution in the stratosphere observed from Odin over a one-day period. The differences between the northern and the southern hemispheres can be attributed to the seasons: winter in the north and summer in the south. (ppb = parts per billion). Onsala

Onsala Space Observatory is the Swedish National Facility Space Observatory for Radio Astronomy and operates two telescopes at Good evaluation APEX – a new telescope in Chile Onsala and a third, SEST, in collaboration with the The Onsala Space Observatory was praised by an The Onsala Space Observatory is participating in APEX, European Southern international panel of experts in the Swedish the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment, an international Observatory on the Chilean Research Council’s 2002 review of the four Swedish collaborative venture to construct and operate a modi- site of La Silla, at an altitude fied ALMA prototype antenna on the site of Llano National Facilities. In the review, the Onsala Space of 2,300 m above sea level. Observatory is described as “an excellent organisa- Chajnantor, at an altitude of 5,000 metres in the Chilean The Observatory is the core tion, well run by a dedicated team of enthusiastic Andes. This 12-metre radio telescope will be used for institute of the Centre for astronomers and support staff” with “an excellent observations, at sub-millimetre wavelengths, of a large Astrophysics and Space worldwide reputation in radio, millimetre and variety of astronomical objects, from planetary atmos- Science, which also includes submillimetre astronomy” with “an exciting menu pheres and star-forming regions in our own Milky Way to the Department of Radio and of future projects”. The geodesy and aeronomy gas and dust in distant galaxies. Space Science (School of research, and the public outreach activities, were Electrical Engineering) and also appreciated by the review panel, which rec- the Department of Astronomy ommends the observatory as one of two facilities and Astrophysics (School of that should receive additional funding. Physics and Engineering Physics).

International students A new International MSc Programme on ‘Advanced Techniques in Radio Astronomy and Space Science’ started in the autumn term 2002. The programme, which is run by the Centre for Astrophysics and Space Science, contains both technical and scien- tific components and has attracted highly-quali- fied students from many countries. The APEX telescope. (Copyright: VERTEX Antennentechnik)

ALMA (the Atacama Large Millimetre Array) is a so-called inter- Director Roy Booth ferometer, comprising 64 millimetre and submillimetre tele- Referee-examined scientific articles 27 scopes currently being developed by a large international ❖ Revenue (SEK m) 33 consortium, including the Onsala Space Observatory. Number of employees 31

55 An important

source of knowledge Chalmers Library

The Chalmers Library is the University’s most impor- The collection of electronic materials is growing continu- Library Director tant common information resource and is responsible ously and at present it comprises 5,703 electronic periodi- Lars Nellde for providing and developing high-quality library and cals, e-books and powerful reference databases. The vol- information services to students, researchers and ume of printed periodical purchases is falling, which Library visitors 485,685 (Main library 353 0001) teachers within engineering and natural sciences – represents a saving of millions for Chalmers as a whole. (Lindholmen library 98 131) mainly for Chalmers, the Göteborg University Faculty The number of downloaded, full-text articles has increased (Library of architecture 34 554) of Science and the IT University at Lindholmen. by 20% since last year and is estimated to continue. Opening hours per week 69 (when extended, per week 77) The library also serves customers within the public During the year, the Chalmers Publication Library (CPL) Local loans 46,971 sector and industry as well as members of the general Project was run with the aim of registering not only pre- Distance loans 5,576 public. The library offers a large range of books and prints but also PhD and licentiate theses, reports and Copies 9,214 periodicals within the subject areas covered at Chalm- articles. It should also be possible for the CPL to include ers, both in digital and printed form. It also has a book- full-text publications. Distance loans in 4,827 binding and repro service as well as courses and Books purchased 1,915 The library premises have also been improved and a (Main library 1 377) search assignments for internal and external specially-equipped study room for students with reading (Lindholmen library 538) customers. difficulties (such as impaired sight and dyslexia) has been Periodicals printed 1,892 set up at the main library. A special service has also been (Main library 1 530) (Lindholmen library 362) Hybrid Library provided to the students through loan mediation of course Electronic, full-text periodicals Chalmers Library is a hybrid library, where the tradi- literature for people with reading disabilities from the through the Chalmers tional physical library exists alongside the virtual Swedish Library of Talking Books and Braille (TPB). network 5,703 library. The physical library is used mostly by students Electronic databases through whilst researchers satisfy most of their information the Chalmers network 195 Pedagogical development (of which Lindholmen 4) requirements via the virtual library. The Library’s work The information landscape is becoming increasingly diffuse Downloaded full-text is characterised by the active development of both and difficult to comprehend and at the same time the need periodicals > 300,000 parts. Database searches > 420,000 is increasing to rapidly and effectively satisfy the needs of To improve the virtual resources’ accessibility and students, researchers and teachers for information services. functionality, the development of a new library web- Participants, information This also makes demands on the development of pedagogi- retrieval courses 3,030 site commenced during the year, the aim being that it cal activities, particularly with regard to Net-based educa- (Main library 1 980) would come into use in spring 2003. At the same time, tion. The library has reinforced its role within the informa- (Lindholmen library 900) there is the expansion of the electronic information (Library of architecture 150) tion know-how area through a net-based course within the resources. Since autumn 2002, the main library has framework of the Net University. Within the Chalmers strate- Costs (SEK m) 61 been able to offer even better access to the computer (of which premises 10) gic undergraduate programme initiative, C-SELT, a project network for visitors with their own computers via Number of employees 65 has been run to examine how library resources can be wireless communication (RadioLAN) and through a integrated optimally into undergraduate programmes. 1 The main library’s visitor counter number of sockets at the study places. Course plans have also been produced for the majority of was not working for certain periods during the autumn. the schools at Chalmers. ❖

56 Working environment,

The training of managers and working environment representatives in how to work systematically with the working environment and information within the internal school’s co-ordination groups has taken place to improve the working environment on the departmental level. Evacuation exercises have been run at a number of environmental schools, which has led to the alarm systems being im- proved. Reformulation of the Chalmers permit for han- dling flammable goods has continued during the year in line with the wishes of the Building Committee. work and The indoor climate surveys have resulted in rebuilding work. An information video about how to work in ventilated safety workplaces has been produced in collaboration with Göteborg University. Co-operation with Göteborg Uni- versity on the working environment for joint depart- A series of seminars to which representatives from indus- ments has been discussed. try are invited to the different schools to discuss the significance of environmental issues commenced during A reworking of the Chalmers disabled persons policy has the year with a lecture at the School of Chemical and commenced as a basis for a plan of action. Bioengineering. More seminars are planned for 2003. Working forms for rehabilitation have been compiled and a plan for dealing with cases of discriminatory treat- ment has been adopted. The task of preventing exhaus- Safety co-ordination tion depression has been expanded as more schools and During the autumn the Chalmers central management departments are using the psychosocial questionnaire and the staff functions took part in a crisis exercise to with support from the Human Resources Department train the organisation in crisis management under the and the Occupational Health Department. leadership of Crismart (a national centre for crisis man- agement studies at the Swedish National Defence Col- Procurement of company health services has been com- lege). The scenario that was used was adapted to events pleted, with Chalmers renewing the agreement with that could occur at Chalmers. Reflections and recommen- KvaLita Bohushälsan. dations from those who led the exercise, along with their own experience from the exercise, will form the basis for Chalmers’ internal environmental work a review of the organisation during 2003. The project for putting the Chalmers environment and Collation of incidents and events reported show an sustainability policy on a more concrete footing was increase in property crimes (burglary and thefts) on integrated into normal activities from 2003 onwards with Chalmers’ premises. These events demonstrate the risks a permanently-employed environmental co-ordinator. involved in having a campus centrally located in Göte- During 2002, Chalmers continued to work on satisfying borg and with the open environment that characterises its environmental objectives. The seven environmental universities. professors within the Chalmers environmental initiative The Chalmers computer incident group’s collation of have commenced their work. A plan of action to increase incidents shows a distinct increase in attempted entry the proportion of environmentally-adapted purchases and unauthorised entry into computer systems during has been produced. During 2002 the Chalmers environ- the latter half of 2002. The main aim of these violations is mental co-ordinator trained environmental representa- to use Chalmers’ computer capacity to spread informa- tives at the schools and they are now functioning as key tion to users outside Chalmers. ❖ personnel in the schools’ environmental programmes. Together with the environmental co-ordinator, they have mapped the current status of the waste sorting at source system at Chalmers. Plans are in place to improve waste handling by introducing waste-sorting facilities.

57 The Lilla salen (the small hall) in the Student Union Building is popular and flexible and is not only used for meetings and conferences.

A world-class campus environment is the objective in the development of both Chalmers’ campuses – the Gibraltar area in central Göteborg and the Lindholmen area at Norra Älvstranden. There are a number of key words that are intrinsic in this development: attractive, contempo- rary, welcoming, value for money, flexible, clear and with a good study and working environment. Campus development is complex. Chalmers’ economy is under pressure and this involves measures designed to save money within the buildings. At the same time it is necessary to invest in the campus environment to pre- pare for the future. It is a matter of accelerating and decelerating. The investments must be correct and well founded, the implications known and the perspective long term. Chalmers’ campus

Reduced cost of premises During the year, work has continued to reduce the cost of Chalmers’ premises. This can be achieved by reducing the amount of floor space, making more efficient use of floor space and by reducing rental costs. The aim is that the rental cost for 2007 should not exceed 15% of the University’s total income. This is a very ambitious objec- tive, which means that Chalmers will be among the most efficient universities in the country with regard to use of floor space.

Chalmers’ total cost for its premises for 2002 was SEK 340 million (341), which is equivalent to 16.7 % (17) of the total income. To achieve the 15% target, savings are required. The majority of these can take place through internal Chalmers decisions, e.g. through a greater de- gree of concentration and co-ordination of operations. As part of the task of improving the efficiency of floor space planning, a strategy has been formulated. Opera- tions at the Gibraltar area are concentrated on the ‘old Chalmers area’. Premises surplus to requirements are gathered on the periphery and rented out or the leases are terminated. There is also a discussion in progress about which operations should be conducted in the future at Lindholmen and Gibraltar. Chalmers currently rents around 70 % of its premises from Akademiska Hus, which is a state-owned company with a virtual monopoly on premises for higher educa- tion in Sweden.

58 University-owned premises Chalmers’ own properties at the year-end totalled 81,000 m2 of floor space. The properties are owned and managed by the wholly-owned subsidiary Chalmers University of Technology Properties AB, which also has overall responsibility for the University’s planning and provision of premises. The book value of Chalmers University of Technology Properties AB’s property holdings at the year-end was SEK 1,014 million (984). Net income for Chalmers Univer- sity of Technology Properties AB for 2002 was SEK 413 million (393), of which intra-group income was SEK 333 million (326).

New investments and completed projects During the year, 11,000 m2 of new and redeveloped The School of Computer premises were brought into use. This is equivalent to an Science and Engineering now investment of SEK 97 million. Chalmers’ total use of has newly-refurbished premises premises at the year-end totalled 240,000 m2 (250,000). with a large number of group With cost savings in focus, only investments in premises workrooms in the ED block. for priority areas were commenced. Refurbishment of Vasa Hus 1 continued – a task that has a clear environ- mental profile, both in the construction process and in future operations. The faculty floor at Chalmersvillan in the Vasa area was completed and opened in April. Planning and development of the expanding Lindhol- men area has continued. Chalmers is an important player and partner in this process together with Göteborg University. For a number of years the external environment has been the subject of criticism in a recurring survey among Chalmers employees and students. Within the framework of an ongoing programme, the external environment was brought into focus during the year and, among other things, work was carried out on the entrances to the Vasa area. Criticism of the external environment has also been mapped and proposals for improvements have been prioritised.

Student accommodation Chalmers University of Technology Properties AB has over the past year been involved in the student accom- modation issue, which comes to the fore every Septem- ber in conjunction with the start of a new term. In the autumn, the situation was particularly worrying for Chalmers’ international students. Chalmers Properties AB therefore quickly transformed an old nursing home at the Vasa area into accommodation for around 65 stu- dents. Further current and planned projects will lead to more student accommodation on the actual campus. Chalmers sees this development as being very important. ❖

A student room in the redeveloped nursing home. Erasmus students Virginia Gomez and Charlota Chaler come from Spain.

59 Chalmers University of Chalmers Board Technology AB

Oscar Person, Deputy, Solveig Lindström, Johan Andersson, Bahram Atabeyli, Mårten Carlsson, Deputy Jan-Eric Sundgren, Mauritz Sahlin, Agneta Granberg, Student, Chalmers Municipal Commissioner, Former Student Union Employee Chairman, Professor President, Professor, Chairman, Director Municipal Göteborg Chairman, Chalmers Representative, Chalmers Commissioner, ST/ATF, Chalmers Göteborg

Management & Organisation

The board of the Chalmers University of Technology Schools and departments Foundation is the supreme decision-making body and Education and research are run on a scientific basis at appoints the University board, decides on discharge from the University’s approximately 60 departments. Each liability and manages the foundation capital. department is normally led by a head of department. The University board is responsible for the overall plan- The departments are organised into nine schools, corre- ning, co-ordination and follow-up of the University’s sponding to the principal areas of engineering, as well as activities. Under the University board, the President is the School of Environmental Sciences, which does not responsible for operations generally. The University have its own departments. The School of Mathematical Management Group, which is charged with the task of Sciences, the School of Physics and Engineering Physics formulating common strategies, is made up of the Presi- and the School of Computer Science and Engineering co- dent, Pro-Vice-President, Vice Presidents, President of operate in organisational terms with the Faculty of Natu- Chalmers Lindholmen, the deans and certain individuals ral Sciences at Göteborg University. There is also close from central administration. There are also teacher/ collaboration with Göteborg University in chemical student representatives from the undergraduate and engineering. The School of Environmental Sciences co- doctoral programmes. operates organisationally with all the University’s scien- The Faculty Committee is an independent representative tific areas within the framework of the Centre for Envi- body for the Faculty of Engineering and from an aca- ronment and Sustainability, which is run jointly with demic point of view deals with important fundamental Göteborg University. operational issues on its own initiative.

60 Missing: Bengt Halse, President, Saab AB and Michele Pestalozzi, Doctoral Student, Chalmers.

Ulf Berg, President, Bert-Inge Hogsved, Conny Sjöström, Peter Jagers, Petter Bergström, Student Lars Brink, Professor, Peter Alehammar, Ericsson AB President, Hogia AB Employee Professor, Chalmers Union Chairman, Student, Chalmers Employee Representative, SEKO, Chalmers Representative, SACO, Chalmers Chalmers

Each school has a school board, which is responsible on the Chalmers Lindholmen strategic level for the planning of the MScEng and MArch The three-year BScEng programme, the BSc programme, the engineering programmes and the research and doctoral programmes. preparatory year, the School of Maritime Studies and the School of The dean is responsible for the operative management of the Continuing and Professional Learning are organised within Chalmers school. The school management team comprises the dean and Lindholmen University College, which is a subsidiary. the deputy deans. IT University in Göteborg Chalmers Library has a collection of literature and periodicals The IT University is a joint investment with Göteborg University in edu- covering all the University’s subject areas. The library has its cation and research within information technology. The IT University own board and is led by the Library Director. runs its own activities but is also a network organisation for education The Microtechnology Centre (MC2) represents a gathering of and research within information technology at the two universities. forces within the field of micro-and nanotechnology. Centres The Onsala Space Observatory is a national research facility, The Centre for Digital Media and Higher Education brings together administered by Chalmers. expertise in digital representation and education. At Chalmers there are Matters relating to the University’s buildings and properties are six national competence centres financed by Vinnova and the Energy handled by Chalmers University of Technology Properties AB. Authority. There are also a number of centres that collaborate across traditional school boundaries. ❖

University Board

President Faculty Committee

Vice-Presidents President’s Office

Dean Director Library Director Adm. Director Director Director Microtechnology Ten schools: Central National Onsala Space Centre Library Competence A D&IT E F I KB M MV Mi V Administration Observatory MC2 Centres, CKK etc.

61 Ownership The Chalmers University of Technology Foundation (the Foundation) Financial holds all the shares in the company. According to the Foundation provisions, the Foundation is not permitted to dispose of these shares. During the previous financial year the company received a shareholder’s contribution from the Foundation amounting to Report SEK 213 million. The shareholder’s contribution was received to cover future depreciation costs. These depreciation costs have their root in the accounting principles applied previously concerning contributions to fixed assets, which means that funds received to acquire fixed assets are reported as income once the asset is brought into use. The shareholders’ contribution is dissolved in line with Chalmers tekniska högskola AB forthcoming depreciation of the asset in question, which means that Chalmers University SEK 67 million (2001) and SEK 50 million (2002) have been settled, of Technology AB with SEK 96 million remaining.

Chalmers Lindholmen Chalmers IT-universitetet högskola AB Chalmers- Advanced AB Chalmers- fastigheter AB Management invest i Göteborg AB Chalmers Lindholmen AB (dormant) University College AB Programs

Chalmers Emils Forskarpatent Chalmers Elsago AB Lindholmen Technology Kårhus AB i Västsverige AB (dormant) fastigheter AB Licensing AB

Income statement Chalmers University of Group Parent company Technology AB Total income (SEK 1,000) 2002 2001 2002 2001 Reg. no: 556479-5598 Income 2,126,321 2,015,414 1,878,304 1,782,165 Other operating income 7,896 5,745 —— Total income 2,134,217 2,021,159 1,878,304 1,782,165

Operating expenses Personnel expenses – 1,116,583 – 1,090,672 – 1,005,399 – 992,305 Cost of premises – 332,630 – 319,263 – 313,080 – 303,022 Other external expenses – 461,709 – 435,472 – 434,731 – 408,085 Depreciation of fixed assets – 183,702 – 176,720 – 149,782 – 145,694 Other operating expenses – 949 – 12,539 —— Total expenses – 2,095,573 – 2,034,666 – 1,902,992 – 1,849,106

Operating profit/loss 38,644 – 13,507 – 24,688 – 66,941

Profit/loss from financial investments Loss on participations in associated companies 0– 1,597 —— Interest income and similar items 28,561 42,529 26,097 39,242 Interest expense and similar items – 105,566 – 90,425 – 46,788 – 36,680 Profit/loss after financial income and expense – 38 361 – 63,000 – 45,379 – 64,379

Tax on profit for the year – 1,437 – 383 00 Deferred tax – 495 – 2,408 —— Minority share of loss for the year – 750 — ——

PROFIT/LOSS FOR THE YEAR – 41,043 – 65,791 – 45,379 – 64,379

62 Balance sheet

ASSETS Group Parent company Chalmers University of (SEK 1,000) 31.12.2002 31.12.2001 31.12.2002 31.12.2001 Technology AB Fixed assets Reg. no: 556479-5598 Intangible assets Rental rights and similar rights 0 1,824 — Goodwill 1,573 319 — Total intangible assets 1,573 2,143 —

Tangible assets Investment property 997,056 951,115 — Investment in building adaption 53,396 58,624 53,396 58,624 Equipment and fittings 616,238 651,295 541,407 565,694 Work in progress 23,972 33,091 —— Total tangible assets 1,690,662 1,694,125 594,803 624,318 Financial assets Shares in associated companies 3,513 843 —— Shares in Group companies ——40,300 38,100 Other securities held as fixed assets 28,301 26,143 15 15 Tenant-owner’s rights 1,280 1,280 1,280 1,280 Total financial assets 33,094 28,266 41,595 39,395 Total fixed assets 1,725,329 1,724,534 636,398 663,713

Current assets Inventories 1,230 1,109 1,230 1,109 Current receivables Accounts receivable 75,870 79,429 64,304 68,195 Receivables from Group companies 592,352 392,119 674,710 489,963 Receivables from associated companies 0 2,390 —— Prepaid tax 21,771 13,788 22,575 14,085 Other receivables 58,743 68,672 55,731 53,627 Prepaid expenses and accrued income 358,144 369,449 277,633 297,771 Total current receivables 1,106,880 925,847 1,094,953 923,641

Short-term investments 156,902 340,862 156,902 340,862 Cash and bank 181,133 162,676 96,264 70,037 Total current assets 1,446,145 1,430,494 1,349,349 1,335,649 TOTAL ASSETS 3,171,474 3,155,028 1,985,747 1,999,362

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES Equity Restricted equity Share capital (150,000 shares at par SEK 1,000 each) 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 Restricted reserves 5,773 6,294 —— Statutory reserve —— 500 500 Total restricted equity 155,773 156,294 150,500 150,500 Non-restricted equity Non-restricted reserves 166,763 232,033 —— Profit brought forward ——151,905 484 Shareholders’ contribution received —— 0 213,000 Group contribution received —— 0 2,800 Loss for the year – 41,043 – 65,791 – 45,379 – 64,379 Total non-restricted equity 125,720 166,242 106,526 151,905 Total equity 281,493 322,536 257,026 302,405 Minority interest 846 0 —— Provisions Provisions for pensions 737,499 684,815 698,160 651,539 Liabilities Long-term liabilities Overdraft facility 113,795 41,100 —— Loans 514,445 566,335 —— Liabilities to Group companies 391,858 393,596 —— Deferred tax 2,511 2,016 —— Total long-term liabilities 1,022,609 1,003,047 —— Current liabilities Accounts payable 81,107 104,040 50,000 69,379 Liabilities to Group companies 19,217 18,599 22,086 30,386 Other liabilities 118,158 183,685 105,209 165,144 Accrued expenses and prepaid income 910,545 838,306 853,266 780,509 Total current liabilities 1,129,027 1,144,630 1,030,561 1,045,418 TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 3,171,474 3,155,028 1,985,747 1,999,362

Pledged assets 378,109 375,568 None None Contingent liabilities 14,022 12,098 73,774 67,867

63 Chalmers University of Technology Foundation

Lennart Jeansson Gunnar GustafsonGunilla Almgren Ingrid Elam Sven-Åke Sören Mannheimer Märta Johansson Leif Blomqvist Marianne Nivert Magnus Rönnmark (deputy chairman) Strandlind (chairman) Jan-Eric Sundgren

Foundation Board The task of the Chalmers University of Technology Foun- The primary reasons for these contributions have been: dation is to function as the owner of the University. This During the financial year the – the pension undertakings the University ownership role includes appointing the University Board board comprised Sören took over from the state Mannheimer (chairman), and the matter of discharge from liability for the Board. –certain costs for accrued fixed assets. Gunilla Almgren, Leif Duties also include promoting and stimulating the on- Blomqvist, Ingrid Elam, going development of Chalmers. – structural deficits in the financing, which it is assumed Gunnar Gustafson, Lennart state universities cover through public funding. The Foundation is ultimately responsible for ensuring Jeansson (deputy chairman), Märta Johansson, Marianne that the University fulfils its obligations to the state and Following a contribution for 2001 of SEK 213 million, Nivert, Magnus Rönnmark, other key parties. The work of the Foundation is funded no contribution was requested for 2002. Sven-Åke Strandlind and through the assets of the Foundation. Jan-Eric Sundgren. Renewal The majority of the board Ownership Subject to available funds, the Foundation can contrib- members are appointed by Ownership means that the Foundation assumes respon- ute to the renewal of operations at Chalmers through the government. One sibility for the financial strength of Chalmers University special investments. These investments should always member is appointed by the of Technology AB. be limited in terms of time and should be intended for teaching staff and one by the students. The President is The Foundation has therefore, since the beginning in quality and renewal. They should not replace regular automatically a member. 1994, made shareholder’s contributions or the equivalent funding. Since it was founded, the Foundation has in- totalling SEK 575 million in order to consolidate the vested SEK 1,151 million, of which SEK 181 million was balance sheet of this limited company. during 2002.

64 The downturn on the finance market in recent years has bioinformatics, bioimaging, molecular biotechnology and reduced the yield on the Foundation’s capital considera- biophysical chemistry. Biophysical chemistry includes bioe- bly. This means that the extent and the rate at which the lectronics, cell cultivation on surfaces and pharmaceutical Foundation has financed renewal must be reduced technology. Research within nanotechnological bioscience is substantially. The aim is that the necessary cutbacks a profile area that is supported by the facilities at the micro- should be implemented well in advance and making use technology laboratory MC2. of the investments that have already been made in Investment in 2002 (2001): SEK 21 million (16) current investments. The lack of state financing for the microtechnology facility also entails an increasing fi- Information technology nancing problem in an already difficult resource situa- Investment is aimed at reinforcing the scientific base and tion. creating new, attractive course programmes focusing on software. These programmes are made up of MScEng and Interaction BScEng programmes as well as investments in the IT Univer- The Foundation, together with the University initiates sity. The focus on this area also includes reinforcement of the interaction with the community, the aim being to make infrastructure for IT use and communication. the University’s results and resources available to society, Investment 2002 (2001): SEK 31 million (47) with a particular focus on Göteborg and Western Swe- den. Microtechnology Investment is aimed, pending a strategically sustainable Growth in equity 1994-2002 (SEK million) financing solution, to bridge the shortfall in financing that Foundation capital, July 1, 1994 1,580 arose when the state withdrew an annual basic grant of Indexed according to the CPI 1,750 SEK 38 million previously promised to the Microtechnology Foundation capital, December 31, 2002 1,637 Centre MC2. The aim is to secure first-class operations in micro- and nanotechnology.

Foundation payments, investments and shareholder Investment 2002 (2001): SEK 47 million (38) contributions, 1994-2002 (SEK million). 1. Owner undertakings 575 Directed investments 2. Renewal investments 1,151 The Foundation’s directed investments are made through 3. Joint tasks 196 projects and are aimed at developing existing operations or Total 1,922 implementing new strategies. The investments are made following a proposal from the University management. The largest investment refers to the project dealing with quality and renewal in the undergraduate programmes. The project volume will be reduced gradually. FOUNDATION INVESTMENTS Investment 2002 (2001): SEK 67 million (135) Strategic investment areas The aim of strategic investments is to establish new Interaction operating areas with the aid of time-limited investments Interaction investments are aimed at ensuring that the over a period of five to seven years. results and resources of the University benefit society.

Environmental Science The Foundation is the principal for the Chalmers Innovation The investment is aimed at giving Chalmers a frontline Centre Foundation, an incubator founded as a result of a position internationally, based on research into sustaina- major donation made earlier (Stena Center). ble development in society and a broad view of environ- Together with the City of Göteborg, the Foundation has mental problems. This joint effort is an environmental established the company Lindholmen Teknikpark AB. The system analysis employed as a basis for finding solutions company is a hub for interaction between the municipality, to complex problems. Seven professors have been ap- industry and the University with regard to the development pointed within the environmental programme, which is of the Norra Älvstranden area. During the year, the company run in close collaboration with Göteborg University. received a planned shareholders’ contribution of SEK 1 The international position is being confirmed and devel- million. oped through active participation in the Alliance for As one of the founders of Universeum (Korsvägen Founda- Global Sustainability (AGS). tion), the Foundation has invested SEK 1.5 million during the Investment in 2002 (2001): SEK 15 million (11) year in the development of the technology content at Uni- verseum. Bioscience The aim of this investment is, through interaction with The investment in co-operation with regional universities Göteborg University, to build up and develop bio- and colleges totalling SEK 60 million was fulfilled and settled scientific research and education, where conditions exist in full during the year. to carry on work on the international frontline. The in- Investment 2002 (2001): SEK 2.5 million (6) vestment is being developed and covers four areas: ❖

65 Income statement Group Foundation The Chalmers University of Total income (SEK 1,000) 2002 2001 2002 2001 Technology Foundation Share dividend 16,877 22,639 Reg. no: 855100-5799 Interest income 57,122 74,809 Other operating income 2,525 7,479 Income 2,324,225 2,171,841 Other operating income/realised capital gains 7,896 5,745 68,843 159,227 Total income 2,332,121 2,177,586 145,367 264,154

Operating expenses Personnel expenses – 1,169,395 – 1,139,789 – 2,914 –3,158 Cost of premises – 332,826 – 319,551 – 196 – 288 Management expenses – 1,679 –1,904 Other external expenses – 502,064 – 471,665 – 15,298 – 10,493 Depreciation of fixed assets – 187,655 – 180,727 – 67 – 60 Other operating expenses – 243,178 – 131,429 Realised capital losses – 242,909 – 275,197 Total expenses – 2,435,118 – 2,243,161 – 263,063 – 291,100

Reported net profit/loss – 117,696 – 26,946

Change in unrealised surplus values – 447,304 – 229,717 – 447,304 – 229,717 Provision to preserve the real value of the Foundation capital – 20,000 – 13,000 – 20,000 – 13,000

True change in equity – 585,000 – 269,663 Operating profit/loss – 570,301 – 308,292

Profit/loss from financial investments Profit/loss on participations in associated companies – 272 – 1,612 Interest income and similar items 28,662 42,898 Interest expense and similar items – 83,313 – 70,909

Profit/loss after financial income and expense – 625,224 – 337,915

Allocations Dissolution of restricted profit adjustment reserve 17,144 229,717 17,144 229,717 Dissolution of/allocation to donation fund 3,713 – 5,185 3,713 – 5,185 Dissolution of non-restricted profit adjustment reserve 636,464 140,675 636,464 140,675 Allocation to dividend reserve – 72,321 – 95,544 – 72,321 – 95,544 Profit/loss before tax – 40,224 – 68,252

Tax on profit for the year – 1,437 – 383 Deferred tax – 497 – 914 Minority share of loss for the year – 750 0

PROFIT/LOSS FOR THE YEAR – 42,908 – 69,549

66 Balance sheet Group Foundation ASSETS (SEK 1,000) 31.12.2002 31.12.2001 31.12.2002 31.12.2001 The Chalmers University of Fixed assets Technology Foundation Intangible assets Reg. no: 855100-5799 Tenancy rights and similar rights 0 1,824 Goodwill 1,573 319 Total intangible assets 1,573 2,143 Tangible assets Investment property 1,006,493 961,200 Investment in building adaption 53,396 58,624 Equipment and fittings 633,653 668,498 264 216 Work in progress 23,972 33,091 Total tangible assets 1,717,514 1,721,413 264 216 Financial assets Shares in Group companies 172,100 172,100 Shares in associated companies 3,694 1,296 Bonds and other interest-bearing investments 172,505 231,163 142,204 203,020 Shares and convertibles 962,930 1,442,226 962,930 1,442,226 Tenant-owner’s rights 1,280 1,280 Receivables from Group companies 395,132 397,301 Other long-term receivables 14,358 14,806 14,355 14,355 Total financial assets 1,154,767 1,690,771 1,686,721 2,229,002 Total fixed assets 2,873,854 3,414,327 1,686,985 2,229,218 Current assets Inventories 1,383 1,213 Work on contract 1,689 1,618 Total inventories and work on contract 3,072 2,831 Current receivables Receivables from Group companies 18,853 19,419 Accounts receivable 87,815 94,526 Prepaid tax 22,841 14,673 Other receivables 59,754 72,618 Prepaid expenses and accrued income 364,992 395,353 6,835 24,782 Total current receivables 535,402 577,170 25,688 44,201 Short-term investments 629,286 792,743 472,384 451,881 Cash and bank 231,630 250,230 46,345 84,751 Total current assets 1,399,390 1,622,974 544,417 580,833 TOTAL ASSETS 4,273,244 5,037,301 2,231,402 2,810,051

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES Equity Restricted equity Index-adjusted Foundation capital 1,000,000 980,000 1,000,000 980,000 Profit adjustment reserve 0 17,144 0 17,144 Restricted reserves 5,805 4,722 Total restricted equity 1,005,805 1,001,866 1,000,000 997,144 Non-restricted equity Donation fund 87,939 97,985 87,939 97,985 Profit adjustment reserve 1,189,321 1,826,785 1,189,321 1,826,785 Dividend reserve – 640,135 – 510,124 – 640,135 – 510,124 Profit brought forward 179,878 250,128 Loss for the year – 42,908 – 69,549 Total non-restricted equity 774,095 1,595,225 637,125 1,414,646 Total equity 1,779,900 2,597,091 1,637,125 2,411,790 Minority interest 846 0 Provisions for pensions 735,664 683,513 386 192 Provisions for deferred taxes 2,221 — Provisions for ongoing research projects 2,240 2,920 Total provisions 740,125 686,433 386 192 Liabilities Long-term liabilities Loans 628,240 607,435 Deferred tax 2,513 2,016 Total long-term liabilities 630,753 609,451 Current liabilities Accounts payable 85,888 111,181 361 7 Liability to subsidiary companies 593,084 392,411 Approved, unpaid grants 9 5,284 9 5,284 Other liabilities 120,176 185,076 Accrued expenses and prepaid income 915,547 842,785 437 367 Total current liabilities 1,121,620 1,144,326 593,891 398,069 TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 4,273,244 5,037,301 2,231,402 2,810,051

Pledged assets 384,109 379,568 None None Contingent liabilities 664,129 590,977 650,107 578,879

67 Production Public Relations and Press Office Editorial Board Agneta Wall, Public Relations and Press Office Lena Larsson, Finance and Planning Lennart Larsson, Centor Translation Patrick O’Malley Photo Jan-Olof Yxell (unless otherwise stated) Layout Tomas Wahlberg ISSN 0281-6229 Circulation 2,500 Printed by Eskils Tryckeri AB, Borås, Sweden, May 2003

68 Statistical overview Trends 1992-2002 Including Chalmers Lindholmen University College

92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 1 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Education MSc programmes in engineering and architecture 1,020 1,055 1,045 1,045 1,075 1,105 1,155 1,185 1,225 1,220 Number of students admitted, Year one 4,551 4,806 4,929 4,836 5,129 5,007 4,953 4,963 5,370 5,845 Students (full-time equivalent) 3,963 3,991 4,125 4,241 4,428 4,318 4,288 4,350 4,560 4,859 Performance (full-time equivalent) 728 627 2 933 774 859 829 878 799 799 755 MScEng/MArch degrees awarded 12 20 48 67 124 83 132 119 138 International MSc degrees

Applied Engineering and Maritime Studies Programmes 725 715 715 825 705 705 720 840 885 895 Number of students admitted, Year one 1,308 1,449 1,410 1,492 1,620 1,659 1,775 1,875 2,070 1,858 Students (full-time equivalent) 1,022 1,177 1,203 1,358 1,433 1,425 1,565 1,618 1,799 1,671 Performance (full-time equivalent) 359 279 301 347 280 329 408 415 463 522 Degrees

Other undergraduate courses 254 473 407 582 571 661 699 733 653 891 Students (full-time equivalent) 178 341 318 459 443 515 521 561 560 775 Performance (full-time equivalent)

PhD programmes 942 988 947 993 1,044 1,054 1,019 1,024 1,028 1,056 Total number of PhD students 3 171 146 165 192 218 231 265 226 187 234 newly admitted 171 192 188 212 244 209 237 243 255 302 Degrees awarded, total 72 84 81 79 115 98 104 94 115 130 PhDs 99 108 107 133 129 111 133 149 140 172 Licentiates

Personnel (full-time equivalent) 1,166 1,237 1,284 1,293 1,452 1,484 1,617 1,587 1,577 1,627 Teaching and research 4 801 833 772 791 796 839 865 903 868 851 Technical and administrative 4 1,967 2,070 2,056 2,084 2,248 2,323 2,482 2,490 2,445 2,478 Total

Finances Income (SEK m) 5 389 495 561 524 570 551 603 632 637 671 Undergraduate programmes 878 828 876 895 1,079 1,156 1,249 1,269 1,346 1,401 PhD programmes and research 484 480 529 544 745 811 902 919 983 1,029 of which externally financed 1,267 1,323 1,437 1,419 1,649 1,707 1,852 1,901 1,983 2,072 Total income 523 533 563 554 636 666 713 724 736 753 Total at 1980 cost level

– 18 31 – 9 1 – 3 – 52 – 83 – 58 –40 Profit/loss after finacial income and expense (SEK m)

55 57 55 57 59 53 53 55 53 52 Personnel costs (%) 12 18 17 18 14 15 14 14 16 17 Premises (%) 6 33 20 22 19 20 23 24 21 21 21 Other costs (%) 5 66678888 Depreciation (%) 1 21222 Financial costs (%)

1 The 1995/96 budget year covered a period of 18 months due to a financial year changeover. The first 12 months are reported here. 2 The reduction in 1993/94 can be attributed entirely to technical problems associated with the issuing of degree certificates. The number of students complying with the formal requirements remained unchanged. 3 From 1999, PhD students with an activity level of at least 10 % are reported. 4 A rearrangement of personnel categories meant that the technical/administrative personnel group increased by 57 full-time positions during 2000. 5 From 1993/94 income is reported (including financial income). Prior to this, costs were reported. 6 From 1993/94 maintenance is reported in addition to rents. Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Internet www.chalmers.se