Annual Report

Annual Report 2001 Production Public Relations and Press Office Editorial Board Agneta Wall Public Relations and Press Office Lena Larsson Finance and Planning Lennart Larsson, Centor Translation Patrick O’Malley Photographs Jan-Olof Yxell (unless stated otherwise) Layout Tomas Wahlberg ISSN 0281 - 6229 Circulation 2,500 Printed by Palmeblads Tryckeri AB Göteborg, Sweden, March 2002 Contents

2 Key events 2001 3 Statement from the President 6 Student Union view 7 Focus on results 8 Undergraduate programmes 18 Doctoral programmes 23 Research 29 Continuing professional development 31 Educational development 32 Dialogue with the community 35 International networks 37 Architecture 38 Chemical Engineering 39 Civil Engineering 40 Electrical and Computer Engineering 41 Environmental Sciences 42 Mathematical and Computing Sciences 43 Mechanical Engineering 44 Physics and Engineering Physics 45 Technology Management and Economics 46 Chalmers Lindholmen University College 48 Microtechnology Centre, MC2 49 Onsala Space Observatory 50 Information 51 Working environment and safety 52 People and know-how 54 New professors – new knowledge 56 The Chalmers Campus 57 Management and Organisation 58 Chalmers Board of Directors 59 Financial Report – Chalmers University of Technology AB 61 Financial Report – Chalmers University of Technology Foundation Statistical overview – trends 1991- 2001 Key events 2001

Chalmers elected as a member of AGS, the Alliance for Global Sustainability

Further King Carl XVI Gustaf professorship in the environmental field

All environmental professors now appointed

Information Engineering – new MScEng programme

The IT University – new network organisation for education and research

Increased number of students and improved performance levels

Chalmers elected to Unitech – international student exchange

High PhD graduation rate

New national research school in Materials Science

Success for bioscience research groups

Awards and research support for outstanding young research leaders

Fraunhofer Institute establishes joint centre for Industrial Mathematics at Chalmers

Research agreement with General Motors

MC2 inaugurated with major international symposium

New Student Union building inaugurated

Margot Wallström becomes honorary doctor

2 Chalmers’ aim is to be a university of technology that is at the forefront internationally in learning and research. Those who are educated by us should also be in demand outside the country. To achieve this we must develop forms of learning that attract attention internationally, lead to good qualifications and prepare for life-long learning. Our research must be of particularly good international quality and we must have researchers in several areas who are at the cutting edge. The long Chalmers tradition of efficiency and innovative use of research results is becoming increasingly essential, in particular in the development of an ecologically, economically and socially sustainable society. In summing up 2001 it is impossible to avoid ad- dressing the terrible terrorist attacks that took place in the USA on September 11. These events have affected us all and the world will never be the same again. The conditions for maintaining an open society have been changed drastically. As a university, Chalmers is an obvious advocate of an open world without borders. Our research has always been international and the guideline for research has always been the international research front. The fact that the problems that are being studied are increasingly complex, has meant that interaction between research groups in different countries has become absolutely vital. Undergraduate education has also become more international and each year we admit around 400 foreign students from more than 50 different countries. Our international MSc programmes play an important role in attracting gifted students and they are a The President good way into the doctoral programmes. In Europe, co-ordination of education systems is also taking place, which will lead to students finding it easier to looks back change education location and receive credit for the work they have already done. We are deeply involved The second year of the millennium has come to an end in this. and it is once again time to sum up and reflect. Has our work during the year led us closer to achieving International recognition our goals? I hope that this annual report will provide Chalmers’ international efforts have clearly attracted some insight and in doing so prove that this has been the attention in other respects in 2001. During the year, case. We have high ambitions and in many respects we Chalmers became a member of two highly-respected international networks, UNITECH International and have been extremely successful. We must, however, not the Alliance for Global Sustainability, AGS. rest on our laurels. The challenges and problems will be Within UNITECH International, eight highly- constantly renewed. I can look back on 2001 with satis- respected universities of technology and some twen- faction. All the employees, students and alumni, as well ty international companies co-operate to create a as our many friends in the community, are naturally the structured student exchange system with practical ones who have made Chalmers strong and successful. work at the member companies adapted to the course I would like to thank everyone for their solid, committed programmes. The programme is directed at all contribution to Chalmers’ development in 2001. MScEng students who, during their fourth year, would like to pursue a combination of engineering and management/economics. In September, Chalmers became a member of this network – the first Nordic university of technology to do so.

3 AGS is an alliance of world-class universities and ademic Europe for the first time, the choice was the

The President looks back Chalmers was selected to be the fourth member in School of Mathematical and Computing Sciences at May 2001. The others are Massachusetts University of Chalmers. The new institute will concentrate on ap- Technology (MIT), Boston, Swiss Federal Institute of plied mathematics for industry. Technology (ETH), Zürich and the University of To- kyo. Chalmers was invited to join thanks to its success- Economic downturn ful environmental research. What we can see here is During the year we have unfortunately seen a clear a result of the SEK 100 million the Chalmers Founda- continuation of the downturn on the stock markets tion has invested in environmental research at Chalm- around the world. The majority have fallen and for the ers. AGS co-operates with companies and organisa- first time in many decades the world’s major econo- tions throughout the world to support and develop re- mies have gone into recession at the same time. This search into sustainable development from a global has of course affected Chalmers, particularly in the perspective. AGS was created in 1994 and aims to fact that the funds the Chalmers Foundation can in- solve environmental problems across borders and to vest in the University’s renewal have also decreased. initiate research that cannot be achieved through There has therefore been a reprioritisation of pre- funding on a national level. Strong commitment from viously-planned foundation projects. Alongside this industry is the key to the success of AGS. we have worked during the year to reduce our costs caused by an unquestioned expansion of administrative routines, an IT structure that is far too diverse and accelerating costs for premises. The latter is due, among other things, to structural problems within the property managment sector for universities and colleges. We are also focusing on reinforcing more system- atically our relationship with financing bodies and interested parties to achieve a higher, more stable level of income. The task of reducing costs has for many been painful and a lot of people have worked hard on these issues. Even if we have not yet achieved our objective entirely we are well on the way.

Strong research Research at Chalmers is strong – in certain areas very strong – and definitely world class. Research has also attracted a great deal of attention in the media and our researchers have both been seen and heard. This is extremely important. If we are to be involved in knowledge development in society we must also have Apart from these two university networks, Chalm- the courage to influence public opinion, adopt a firm ers – the first university in Europe to do so – has position and provide information. If we are not in- signed a co-operation agreement with General Mo- volved in social debate with the strength of our knowl- tors aimed at increased research collaboration. The edge then the field will be open for anyone without areas in question are safety, environment and interac- the requisite factual knowledge to form public opin- tion between man and machine. Chalmers already has ion instead. Chalmers aims to be involved in ongoing, good co-operation with Saab Automobile and this knowledge-driven social change. agreement will further facilitate co-operation be- Research has also attracted attention in many other tween researchers at Chalmers and GM. I am also ways. In the investment in research leaders of the firmly convinced that this will lead to Chalmers’ re- future by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Re- search attracting greater attention internationally. search, five of the 20 grants went to Chalmers re- Yet another indication of Chalmers’ international searchers. In this year’s allocation for science and strength is the recently-formed institute, the Fraun- engineering by the Swedish Research Council, hofer-Chalmers Research Center for Industrial Math- Chalmers researchers shared almost SEK 60 million, ematics. When the highly-respected German Fraun- which in relation to our size is very good indeed. Of hofer Association began looking for a partner in ac- these funds, SEK 26 million went to our physicists.

4 Undergraduate education – an area, with an even clearer, future-oriented IT profile. important base Chalmers Lindholmen has worked intensively during The President looks back Undergraduate education is the basis for all activities the year to reinforce Chalmers in several areas. Inter- at Chalmers and in 2001 there has been a continuous action with high schools and the establishment of an focus on the development of undergraduate educa- expanded preparatory year, based at Angered High tion. Despite a downturn in the number of applicants School, are just some examples of the work that has for higher education we came out relatively well in been done to broaden the student recruitment base. 2001. In relation to other science and engineering ed- Work via the School of Continuing and Professional ucation centres in the country Chalmers had a good Studies has been a clear indication of Chalmers’ aims level of applications. Even if the course programmes in continuing and professional education and even if are appealing, it is obvious that both the content and the recession has meant greater difficulties in selling the teaching approach need to be developed so that programmes to industry, Chalmers is today better in the future we can also offer students an attractive equipped to work in the continuing and professional and highly-valued education. This situation has also education sector than it has ever been. led the Chalmers Foundation to embark on a five- year strategic programme, starting in 2001, to devel- Focus on increased equality op and renew undergraduate education. A total of The equality programme has been in focus during the SEK 50 million has been invested. Based on extensive year and we have reviewed in part the way we are analysis of Chalmers’ needs, project funds were an- working to achieve increased equality. The aim has nounced at the beginning of 2001 for four areas of been to deepen our thinking on these issues and to particular urgency. After a thorough assessment, a initiate a process where equality and gender aspects decision was taken to finance projects in the first are seen as a natural part of the ongoing change and phase totalling SEK 13 million. development process. I hope that the work related to In autumn 2001, a new MScEng programme in equality that we have commenced can act as a lever Information Engineering began at Chalmers. The pro- in re-examining the norms, values and ideals that char- gramme is directed at students who wish to work with acterise parts of the Chalmers culture, from student developing software applications of the future, assum- life through to research. I am also convinced that the ing responsibility for their use, safety and reliability, critical debate that took place during 2001 will in time and at the same time adopting a holistic view within contribute to creating long-term, sustainable changes one of the future’s most rapidly-growing areas of ex- that will lead to greater equality. pertise. Despite the turbulence that has prevailed in the IT sector in 2001, the programme attracted many A new landmark students and a relatively large proportion of women. Finally, as a result of dedicated work and commitment on the part of many, particularly students past and IT University present, the new Student Union building could be The new IT University in Göteborg was started in inaugurated in September. The building, with its new 2001. By creating an international centre for educa- lecture hall, has attracted a great deal of attention, in- tion and research in information technology, Chalm- cluding the Kasper Sahlin Award, which is the finest ers and Göteborg University are seeking to put Göte- award in Swedish architecture. This is naturally a great borg and Western Sweden at the forefront in this de- honour for the architects, Gert Wingårdh and Jonas velopment. The first programmes at the IT Universi- Edblad, who are both former Chalmers students. ty commenced in autumn 2001. There are five pro- We have now entered a new phase as the building grammes, each comprising 60 points, directed at stu- has come into use, benefiting many people, particular- dents and people working in industry who have stud- ly students but also employees and a broad cross-sec- ied at university previously and who have accumulat- tion of the general public. For the students the build- ed at least 100 points. These programmes have also ing will naturally offer good potential for both tradi- attracted many students. tional and new activities. Chalmers will be more open to the external world and the new entrance, with the Dynamism at Chalmers Lindholmen potential it offers to run a whole range of different Chalmers Lindholmen has continued to develop dur- events, has created completely new conditions. Let us ing the year and the Science Park has begun to take work together to capitalise on this. shape. I look forward with great excitement and an- ticipation to the next few years when Göteborg has a Jan-Erik Sundgren knowledge centre, emerging from the old shipyard president

5 The Chalmers Student Union view of Chalmers

in 2001 The future arrangement of the education structure has in recent years been a source of many useful discussions at the University. During 2001, the focus has been on the so-called Bologna process. This must, however, be co-ordinated with needs identified previously, such as increased flexibility and individualisation for the students. It is good that Chalmers is seeking to optimise its programmes from a more international point of view but if the University is to have an attractive education structure in the future we would also like to see our views regarding internal flexibility developed. Chalmers is working continuously to create new opportunities to study outside Sweden – a much-appreciated opportunity for internationalisation. The University and exchanges are chosen with great care Chairman of the Student and consideration should be given to both the students’ personal de- Union 2001-2002, velopment and the quality of the courses. Johan Andersson.

Social issues and equality Financially, Chalmers has had a difficult year. A fall in income, increas- The students’ residential situation became a matter for the media in ing costs (including an increase in rents) and cuts in Foundation grants 2001 as a result of the acute shortage of accommodation. Chalmers has have forced Chalmers to make considerable savings, even within ed- given the Student Union support both in the media and in discussions ucation. This has also meant that payments and grants to the Student with local politicians in Göteborg. Chalmers shares our view that if we Union are being reviewed and that various financing matters require cannot provide student accommodation the students will not choose a long investigation period. We can thus see a more uncertain planning Chalmers and Göteborg as a seat of learning and centre of education. situation for the Student Union and unfortunately this will probably As regards the reception of new students, the Student Union has continue into next year. also received active support. The communication between the Student Union and the University creates a homogeneous and harmonious uni- Organisation and leadership versity environment with a good understanding of the ambitions. Train- The Chalmers organisation for administering education programmes ing in how to help new students when they first arrive has produced has led to tension between the departments/schools involved and positive results, which has in turn resulted in good reception proce- those responsible for the education programmes, which have failed to dures that are being conducted with a healthy attitude. make demands for the changes and development that we would like The equality debate began seriously a couple of years ago. We have in a sufficiently effective and independent manner. today made considerable progress in equality and we are anxious that The Student Union has presented its views regarding the purchase/ it should continue. However, there is a tendency to attack the symp- sales process of courses and also on the manner of appointing and toms rather than finding the actual illness and underlying cause and granting mandates to the managers responsible. Responsibility and then curing it. What is required is more training for those who have the leadership should be clarified and more care should be given to find- opportunity and obligation to influence the equality situation at ing managers with knowledge of people, financial skills and factual Chalmers. It is vital that equality is applied to the organisation and not knowledge within the relevant subject areas. A good researcher or to individuals in order to sustain the results that are being achieved. lecturer is not automatically a good manager. We feel that Chalmers One step in the right direction is the forthcoming survey that will de- should capitalise on the vast body of knowledge in management and termine whether sexual harassment exists among undergraduate stu- leadership issues that exists within the University and make use of this dents, doctoral students and employees. Hopefully, this will facilitate within its own organisation. equality work in the future.

Education issues New Student Union building opened Chalmers pedagogical focus on undergraduate courses, which has We must of course also take the opportunity to mention that our new taken place despite economic limitations, is an excellent and pleasing Student Union building was completed during the year. With its initiative. It is a complicated development programme that will de- 10,000 m2 of floor space it offers unlimited opportunity for Chalmers’ mand patience and a great deal of work if it is to succeed. The students’ students to socialise, develop and become involved in different ways. involvement in sub-projects is central. It is their results in the pro- I would like to thank all the Chalmers alumni and donors for their in- grammes that in the final analysis will decide whether or not the pro- valuable support and commitment, which has been vital to the reali- gramme is successful. sation of this project, which has been in progress for many years.

6 Financial results Chalmers, including Chalmers Lindholmen Universi- ty College, reported a loss after financial items of SEK Focus on results 58 million (–83). The figures in brackets refer to 2000.

The loss was equivalent to 3 per cent of net income. Chalmers, including Chalmers Lindholmen University College The operating loss was SEK 59 million (–74). The op- Operating results 2001 2000 1999 1998 erating loss includes depreciation costs totalling SEK Undergraduate programmes 67 million, which are covered in the balance sheet by Graduates 1,383 1,346 1,294 1,286 a shareholder’s contribution received as a result of a Doctoral programmes PhDs 115 94 104 98 change in the accounting principles. The net operat- Licentiates 140 149 133 111 ing profit, the operating profit excluding depreciation Scientific articles costs covered by the above shareholder’s contribu- Referee-examined 1,650 1,750 1,650 1,700 Other articles 900 1,000 900 765 tion, is thus SEK 8 million. This is slightly better than the Chalmers target and can be explained to a certain Operating income (SEK m) Ministry of Education and Science 892 836 817 811 extent by the fact that measures taken to improve the Other state grants and assignments 343 341 349 323 financial results have had the desired effect. Grants/assign. from companies etc. 169 160 163 157 Net interest income/expense was SEK 1 million Public foundation grants 140 130 92 71 (–9), which is an improvement of SEK 10 million com- EU grants 36 36 35 32 pared with the preceding year. The improvement can Chalmers Foundation 253 259 237 130 be attributed to increased interest income resulting Miscellaneous 111 115 151 154 from a higher average liquidity. Total 1,944 1,877 1,844 1,678

Operating expenses (SEK m) Operating income Personnel costs 1,077 1,097 1,007 914 Operating income during the financial year amount- Cost of premises 341 279 261 255 Other operating costs 428 416 458 379 ed to SEK 1,944 million (1,877), which is an increase Depreciation 157 159 153 123 of SEK 67 million, i.e. +4 per cent. Income from the Total 2,003 1,951 1,879 1,671 Ministry of Education and Science has increased by SEK 56 million, i.e. +7 per cent, mainly due to the increase in the number of students and the improved amount of floor space and the standard. The cost of performance level. Contributions from companies premises will in the future also account for a greater and other organisations and from the public research proportion of the resources than in previous years. Misc. Public 6 % EU 2 % foundations increased by SEK 19 million, i.e. +7 per Measures have commenced with the aim of improv- foundations 7 % cent. Income from the Chalmers Foundation amounting efficiency in the use of premises in order to slow ed to SEK 253 million, i.e. –2 per cent, due to a tem- down the rate at which the cost of premises is increas- porary income in 2000 in respect of a contractual re- ing. Depreciation costs have fallen by SEK 2 million, Companies etc. 8 % Ministry of tirement programme. Education and i.e. 1 per cent. Other costs have increased by SEK 12 Chalmers Science Chalmers’ ten largest funding bodies accounted Foundation 46 % million, i.e. 3 per cent. 13 % for 80 per cent (77) of the income for research and Other doctoral programmes. In the undergraduate pro- state funding Operating results 18 % grammes the largest source of funding, the Ministry Undergraduate programmes of Education and Science, accounted for 85 per cent The number of degrees awarded totalled 1,383, which Operating income in 2001 (78) of operating income. is an increase of 37 compared with the previous year. totalled SEK 1,944 million. Total income amounted to State financing of education and research account- Of these, 799 were MScEng and MArch degrees, SEK 1,983 million. ed for 64 per cent of the operating income, an increase which is the same as 2000. of one percentage unit compared with the previous Doctoral programmes year. Depreciation The number of PhDs awarded was 115, an increase of 8 % Operating expenses 21 compared with the previous year. This is among the highest number ever. The number of women taking a Operating expenses amounted to SEK 2,003 million PhD has increased gradually and in 2001 totalled 28 Premises (1,951), which is an increase of SEK 52 million, i.e. 17 % (24 per cent of the total). The number of licentiate 3 per cent. Personnel costs have fallen by SEK 20 mil- Personnel degrees awarded was 140, a fall of 9 compared with 54 % lion, i.e. 2 per cent, which is due to the fact that the Miscellaneous the previous year. 21 % number of employees has fallen (45 fewer than the previous year-end). The cost of premises increased Scientific articles considerably during the year. The increase amounted The number of referee-examined scientific articles to SEK 62 million, i.e. 22 per cent, and now accounts published and conference contributions totalled Operating expenses in 2001 for 17 per cent of the operating expenses. The increase 1,650. In addition, there were 900 other scientific re- totalled SEK 2,003 million. Total expenses amounted to in the cost of premises is due to the increase in the ports, popular science articles etc. SEK 2,041 million.

7 Undergraduate Programmes

Aim Recruitment and admissions It has been Chalmers’ aim during 2001 to have 8,000 As previously, Chalmers has taken part in a joint pro- full-time students, calculated on a full-year basis, gramme for all universities of technology to increase which with a pass rate of 86% would give SEK 516 young people’s knowledge of and interest in a tech- million. It was, however, very clear early on that the nical education by taking part in trade fairs and sem- Ministry of Education and Science assignment of inars and through joint advertising in the press. Dur- 8,530 full-year students with a ceiling of SEK 571 mil- ing the year, Chalmers brought together its own re- lion would not be achieved. The difference between cruitment resources to run a project for the whole the two objectives led to the Ministry deciding to tem- university to make the best possible use of the re- porarily recall 600 study places over a three-year pe- sources available. riod, commencing in 2002. In March 2001, a new engineering preparatory Chalmers’ aim has also been to employ different year was started in association with Angered High Women admitted means to reduce the drop-out rate, including an im- School. This preparatory year is directed particularly 50 % proved teaching environment and better support for at young people who lack a study tradition in their 40 individual students. There is a great deal to indicate immediate surroundings. A total of 213 students be- MScEng/MArch programmes 30 that the trend towards an increasing number of stu- gan the preparatory year in some form or other at dents taking a break from their studies and even drop- Chalmers during autumn 2001. 20 BSc ping out has been broken. Student ambassadors at schools with a high immi- programmes 10 A five-year strategic project, the Chalmers Strate- grant population are another element in this extend-

0 gic Effort in Learning and Teaching, C-SELT, got off ed recruitment programme, for which Chalmers is Autumn 19971998 1999 2000 2001 to a successful start during the year. assuming greater responsibility. Proportion of women admitted onto the undergraduate programmes at Chalmers.

In conjunction with the construction of the new Student Union building, parts of the original Student Union building were also renovated. The large building popularly known as “the Church” has been restored almost to its original condition.

8 The pressure on higher education places generally fell Admissions and graduations throughout the country in autumn 2001 due to the fall First-option applicants 3,500 persons in the number of applicants and also to the fact that the number of student places has gradually increased over the years. This applies very much to the engineer- 3,000 ing and science programmes. However, in percentage terms the number of applicants for Chalmers’ programmes fell less than for programmes throughout 2,500 the country as a whole. A total of 1,377 students were admitted to the MArch and MScEng programmes, 2,000 350 of whom were women. On the BScEng programmes, 498 students were admitted, of whom 92 were women. This marked a fall in the number of 1,500 Admissions, Year 1 Applicants and admissions women compared with previous years although the hope is that this downturn is temporary. The number 1,000 1,000 persons of women on computer and electrical engineering First-option applicants programmes unfortunately continues to be very low. Graduates A consistent focus in the recruitment process is show- 500 500 Admissions, Year 1 ing women the potential of a technical education and women as role models is an important part of this. 0 0 Special activities for female students at high school Autumn 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Autumn 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 are arranged each year. Admissions and graduations, MArch and MScEng Admissions to BScEng On the MScEng and MArch programmes all the programmes at Chalmers. The graduation graph is dis- programmes at Chalmers places were taken up and there were reserves for all placed five years compared with the admissions, which Lindholmen University College. is equivalent to the approximate average study time. programmes. The admission points requirements fell slightly for a number of programmes while they rose for those programmes where competition is greatest (Engineering Design, Industrial Economics and Ar- chitecture). On the BScEng and nautical programmes at Chalmers Lindholmen not all the places were filled according to plan. At the start of the term there were only reserves remaining for a couple of programmes. However, through reallocation of places and the rapid admission of all remaining reserves a total of 563 students were admitted for a planned 570 places. Fourteen international MSc programmes attracted 1,413 students from 85 countries. Of these, 538 were admitted and 286 students from some fifty countries were in attendance at the beginning of term. In addition, a couple of hundred European exchange students studied at Chalmers during the year as part of the Sokrates programme.

New programmes In autumn 2001, a new MScEng programme was started in Information Engineering with 67 students, of whom 27 were women. The students work from the very start in projects that extend across different subject areas. This offers good training for the planned outcome, which will be interdisciplinary in nature, something that has up to now not been common in our MScEng programmes. The programme has also

9 Results,Year 1 Term 2 Graduates Men Women, Year 1 Term 1 Women 40 average points 200 persons 100 %

80 30 150 70

20 100 50

30 10 50 20

0 0 0 Admitted95 96 97 98 99 00 01 A D E F I K Kb Kf M V Z Bi Di Ei Ki MiSi Sk ADEF I ItKKb KfMTdV ZAu BiDi Ei Ki Mi Me Si Sk Sl Study results for first year Graduates in 2001. Number of women in Year 1 as a percentage, MScEng and MArch students autumn 2001. admitted in autumn 1995 to 2001.

4.5-year MScEng/MArch been organised slightly differently as it is not firmly – Mobile Informatics programmes linked to any particular school as are the other – Business Technology A Architecture D Computer Science and MScEng programmes. – Human-Computer Interaction. Interaction Design Engineering At Chalmers Lindholmen, the nautical pro- – Information and Communication Technology E Electrical Engineering grammes have been reorganised and a new pro- (ICT) and Learning F Engineering Physics – Information and Communication Technology I Industrial Engineering and gramme in shipping and logistics began in autumn Management 2001. This will lead to a BSc degree without seagoing (ICT) in Health Care. It Information Engineering experience being part of the examination require- Four new International MSc programmes started dur- K Chemical Engineering ments. The Master Mariner programme remains with ing the autumn bringing the total to 14. These pro- Kb Bioengineering Kf Chemical Engineering and the previous structure for those who already have grammes are taken by foreign students, although they Engineering Physics approved seagoing experience. The new programme can also be included as a concluding part of the nor- M Mechanical Engineering commenced with 48 first-year students, of whom five mal MScEng programmes. The International MSc Td Industrial Design Engineering V Civil Engineering were women. programmes are closely linked to Chalmers’ research Z Automation and In September, the IT University started in Göte- profile areas. A decision was taken for a further five Mechatronics Engineering borg, as a joint umbrella organisation at Göteborg new programmes for autumn 2002. 3-year BScEng programmes University and Chalmers for education and research Au Business Development in applied information technology. Five new 60-point Throughflow Bi Building and Civil Engineering continuation programmes, with 30 places on each, Chalmers’ board and management have in recent Di Computer Engineering commenced in autumn 2001. Chalmers is responsible years devoted a great deal of attention to the students’ Ei Electrical Engineering for two of these and is involved in a third. education results. Dropping out, taking a break from Me Mechatronics Engineering Mi Mechanical Engineering Si Marine Engineering Sk Merchant Marine Officer Sl Shipping and Logistics

Demand, undergraduate programmes 2001, 2000, 1999 and 1998.

First-option applicants, autumn 1 First-year students 4 2001 2000 1999 1998 2001 2000 1999 1998 MScEng 2,896 3,003 3,153 2,911 1,491 1,396 1,308 1,253 Int. MSc 1,413 943 830 529 286 204 139 127 1 All applicants for the Int. MSc, MArch 566 546 395 345 89 84 85 77 Marine officers and Advanced courses. BScEng 2 658 755 736 838 542 605 573 543 2 Including Marine engineering. Marine Officers 3 276 326 322 365 79 61 124 77 3 Including BSc in Advanced courses 312 285 275 369 185 140 199 124 Shipping and logistics. Eng. preparatory year 405 345 390 433 213 188 125 117 4 Including admissions to 3rd and 4th year.

10 studies and long study periods have been a cause for In a number of places on the Chalmers campus concern. There is a great deal to indicate that the sit- there are now new premises for the students’ inde- Undergraduate programmes uation has improved. The students who began on the pendent studies and social life. The most recent addi- MArch and MScEng programmes in 2000 have on tion is Linsen, with a restaurant and study facilities at average more points per individual than those who the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. were admitted during the latter half of the 1990s. For some years there have been similar premises at Both the number of full-time students as well as the Schools of Technology Management and Econom- individuals have increased in relation to the preced- ics, Mechanical Engineering and Chemical Engineer- ing year and this cannot be explained solely by the ing. The School of Architecture has for financial rea- number of study places. It is particularly heartening sons been forced to cut down on its premises, which to see that the number of full-time students on the has also had an impact on space for studying. MScEng programmes has increased by 8% compared During the year, the housing issue has been a with 2000. Hopefully this is the result of the attention major problem, particularly for international students that has been devoted to the undergraduate pro- and Swedish students who do not have Göteborg as grammes in recent years. At the same time, the down- their hometown. The lack of student accommodation turn on the labour market is increasing the students’ and the fact that there are no available apartments on The national mathematics willingness to remain and complete their education. the open housing market has made it very difficult for competition for high school students during the “Kovalevsky During 2001, 762 MScEng students and 37 MArch students moving into the city to find somewhere to Days” was run using video students graduated, which is low as a result of the live. This attracted a great deal of attention in the technology via the Internet. previous years’ increase in study breaks and drop-out media during the late summer, which led to a rapid The media lab ran tests with a levels. Even if it is now felt that this trend has been increase in the number of student rooms. The munic- DTM fibre link (high-speed transfer) together with Ericsson broken, the figures are worrying in the light of the ipal council, the student housing organisations and Optical Networks and Tele2. target of 3,570 MScEng student graduations set by Chalmers’ management have had joint discussions on (Photo: Medialab) Chalmers for the period 2001-2004. the student housing situation. The number of graduations was lower for the majority of programmes, with Chemical Engineering a clear exception. The explanation is that many of the students who study Chemical Engineering have a background as university college engineers or they took their degree in Karlstad. Both these groups have made a positive contribution to the MScEng graduation rate in Chemical Engineering. The number of BScEng graduates has increased by 6% to 293. The number of nautical graduates has increased from 54 to 78. During the period 1996-2000, 696 international students were admitted onto the International MSc programmes. Of these, 439 have completed their programme and graduated, 245 are still active and 12 have discontinued their studies. Many of these students remain in Sweden after graduating, some as doctoral students at Chalmers and many at the major companies.

Study environment The new Student Union building provided totally new conditions for student interaction across boundaries, which is an important aspect of the students’ personal development. There is now scope for more in-depth discussions, student fun, lectures and individual studies as well as more places to eat and drink. The student priest and a Chalmers counsellor now have premises in the Student Union building, which should facilitate contact with the students.

11 International Master’s Internationalisation During the year, Chalmers became part of UNITECH 1400 persons Chalmers has gradually become more international. International, an association of eight of the foremost 1300 The foreign students within the Sokrates exchange universities in Europe. Three companies are linked to 1200 programme, the International MSc programmes and each university. UNITECH’s exchange programme Applications 1100 other more spontaneous forms of exchange now offers students who have come to the end of their 1000 make up more than 10% of the students. Of the inter- studies to take courses at the universities and to spend

900 national students, approximately half come from Eu- a trainee period at the affiliated companies. Through

800 rope. The majority of them are Erasmus students. a well-planned exchange programme the individual

700 Within Sokrates there are at present contracts with 95 can build up contacts in a number of countries during universities in 20 countries and within all our disci- the exchange period. 600 plines. The International MSc programmes have stu- 500 dents from all parts of the world. Quality and follow-up 400 In addition to the exchange potential within the Chalmers’ strategic efforts directed at developing the 300 286 Sokrates programme there has for a long time been undergraduate programmes are aimed at increasing 200 204 157 a number of bilateral agreements enabling 50-60 quality, in particular with regard to the changes the 147 135 150 100 MArch and MScEng students each year to spend their education system is currently undergoing. To deter- 0 fourth year abroad. The emphasis has in recent years mine how good the programmes are at Chalmers and Autumn 96 9798 99 00 01 shifted towards North America, Australia and the Far to decide how they are to be developed in the years Applicants and admissions, East. Less than one in ten, mainly MArch students, to come, a number of assessment criteria have been International MSc programmes. study for a year at another Nordic university. identified. These are being defined and refined in co-

International Master of International exchange progr. 1999 spr 1999 aut 2000 spr 2000 aut 2001 spr 2001 aut Science programmes Chalmers students at Advanced Materials foreign education establishments Applied Environmental Fourth Year Abroad 47 49 50 57 50 53 Measurement Techniques SOKRATES/ERASMUS 69 53 55 47 50 59 Automotive Engineering Nordic programmes 9 5 6 5 5 7 Bioinformatics Total 125 107 111 109 105 119 Complex Adaptive Systems Foreign students at Chalmers Dependable Computer Systems International MSc programmes 191 268 215 291 237 418 Digital Communication Systems SOKRATES/ERASMUS 76 59 67 89 99 100 and Technology Nordic programmes 9 14 17 14 5 7 Engineering Mathematics Bilateral exchanges — — 4 5 13 20 Environmentally Sustainable Total 276 341 303 399 354 545 Process Technology Management of Production Management of Logistics and Transportation Nanoscale Physics and Engineering Sound and Vibration Structural Engineering

12 Since January 2001 Peter Olsson has been vice-president with responsibility for undergraduate programmes at Chalmers. A former Chalmers student (School of Engineering Physics), he took his PhD in 1985 in mathematical physics and then joined the School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, where today he is Professor of Mechanics.

How did he get the job as vice-president? “Education has always been something I have been very interested in. I have been involved in course development, been a member of the Reference Group for Educational Development and been ombudsman for the students at Chalmers,” he says.

Peter explains that the first six months as vice-president mostly meant sorting different ideas and getting key projects under way, such as C-SELT (Chalmers Strategic Effort on Learning and Teaching). “The basis of C-SELT had already been laid during my predecessor’s time through broad-based analytical work. The Chalmers Foundation has now decided to invest a total of SEK 50 million over a 5-6 year period in developing undergraduate programmes to raise the educational level,” he says. “Surveys show clearly that the students are more satisfied with teachers who have pedagogical training. My personal opinion is that as a teacher you must have some pedagogical idea in what you do – the nature of the idea is in fact not that important. What is important is actually having an idea in the first place.”

During the second half of 2001 Peter devoted a great deal of effort to quality. “It is not altogether obvious how one should measure quality in undergraduate education. Together with Linköping Universi- ty of Technology and ETH in Zürich we will make a comparative study which I believe will provide us with an insight into what is valuable in our general quality enhancement work.” A year as Vice-President “A classic question is wether technical education is too technical. An enquiry has been in progress for some time and will soon be completed. It will provide the answer to how we can incorporate humanities and social sciences into undergraduate engineering programmes in a better way,” explains Peter.

Another important area is Careers Service, which works with recruitment and career planning. This is a new area, which is currently in the start-up phase and needs to grow. “We need to establish fixed contacts with certain companies and increase interaction with study advisers and students to help to get activities under way,” he says.

What are the most important issues in the near future? “One of the key tasks is to bring together more clearly the programmes at the “old” Chalmers and at Chalmers Lindholmen. What I mean by this is how talented BSc students can continue in the education system without too many complications. Another project we are following with considerable interest is the IKON-project at the School of Technology Management and Economics. This is based on new ideas about how undergraduate education can be arranged and is in line with the so-called Bologna process. The idea is to first take a three-year foundation programme. The student then takes one term with an individual choice (such as a language) and then follows this with a three-term concluding section. Here the School of Technology Management and Economics has been an excellent forerunner and I have initiated a project among the vice-deans called XKON to see how a similar model could be applied to all or almost all the programmes. This would offer structured flexibility for the students, making it possible to link up parts from different programmes based on the individual student’s interests.

13 (Photo: Lennart Larsson)

They state that there were around 20 students at the start of the course in the spring, although many dropped out Broader during the introduction. At the start in the autumn a further 14 students were admitted and today there are 27 in total, eight of whom are women.

How did they find out about the programme? recruitment “I attended the Adult Education College and wanted to work with computers and programming,” says Stefan. In March 2001, Chalmers focused on recruiting new groups “I found out about it at an information meeting at the onto university engineering programmes with the inaugura- Job Centre.” “I saw it first on a poster at the Adult Edu- tion by the Minister for Education of a new engineering cation College,” adds Nafiseh. preparatory year at Angered High school on the outskirts of Göteborg. Angered is an area with a large immigrant She enjoyed the spring term introduction, which included population and the hope is that we will be able to reach Swedish and English. “I really needed it,” she says. these groups to a greater degree than we have in the past. “This term we are studying chemistry, physics, mechanics, How have things gone? We went out to Angered High electricity, electronics and maths and every other week School and asked Nafiseh Ghaneh Bassiry and Stefan we travel out to Chalmers Lindholmen to work in the Lovrio, ˇ two engineering preparatory year students. Both are chemistry laboratory. In the spring we will study exclu- enthusiastic. Stefan, who was born in Sweden but has roots sively at Chalmers Lindholmen,” explain Nafiseh and in Croatia, feels that it can be tough at times but fun. Stefan. Nafiseh feels that maths is the most enjoyable subject and They are both happy with their teachers, who come from she is thoroughly enjoying herself. She and her husband Angered High School and from Chalmers Lindholmen. came from Iran in 1994 and it took five long years before The pace of the course is fine and they are both satisfied they were granted a residence permit. During that time she with the programme. We asked them whether there was could do no more than study Swedish. In the future she anything that could be improved. They looked at each intends to study mechatronics. other and said at the same time: “No, we think it’s fine.”

14 operation with Linköping University of Technology, which also offers the opportunity to make immediate comparisons. Contact has also been taken with ETH in Zürich to compare both follow-up methods and results. The International MSc programmes’ quality work is followed up regularly through a reference group linked to the programmes, with considerable student involvement through feedback to the president and through special course and programme evaluations. During the year, a separate evaluation was made of the Applied Environmental Measurement Tech- niques programme. This made use of personal contacts within the Alliance for Global Sustainability (AGS). The evaluators came to the conclusion that it was very well run within the framework of the programme objectives but also felt that the objectives could possibly be developed even further. Student influence and student involvement in all areas is a key ingredient in quality work. The Chalm- ers management is working in particular to encourage students to become more involved in the investigation and preparatory work. One example of this is that the students are the convenors and leaders of the reference group formed around the different project areas within the strategic C-SELT programme. The chairman of the Student Union and a doctoral student are also members of the Chalmers management team and the Student Union is represented on the board and Pedagogical grants 2001 the Faculty Council. The President and Vice-President Lars Bengtsson, lecturer in engineering at the School of Electrical have regular informal discussions with the Student and Computer Engineering at Chalmers Lindholmen, has been Union board. However, what is of greatest impor- awarded a grant for his commitment to teaching through simple, clear examples, good problem-solving structures and a good tance is the students’ involvement in the reference capacity to identify and explain from the very core of the problem. groups and working groups on all levels in the organ- Marie Bernelo is a study adviser on the Electrical Engineering isation although at the same time we have respect for programme and since January 2000 she has worked as a project leader, co-ordinating a number of projects dealing with the whole and regret the difficulties the students sometimes study situation of the engineering student. She has also taken the have in allocating time for this important work. initiative for further pedagogical activities to increase the self- confidence of engineering students at Chalmers at an early stage. Organisational issues Per-Erik Josephson, university lecturer at the Department of Building Economics and Management, has received a grant for his During the year, Chalmers has discussed on a number important work within the study orientation “Management in the of occasions the content of the ‘Bologna process’ and building sector”, where the students work in teams with Per-Erik as a highly respected ‘coach’. He has also generated valuable contacts the changes Chalmers can make to adjust course pro- with companies through the projects he has led. grammes to European educational systems. More Göran Larsson, a lecturer at the School of Maritime Studies at explicit programme orientations and greater potential Chalmers Lindholmen, has received a grant for his well-prepared, pedagogically well-constructed lessons, where he has displayed for the individual student to move between different considerable commitment to his students and significant programmes are important elements in the changes attentiveness to ensuring that the students keep up with the course. that are taking place. Engineering lecturer Hans Sandholt and associate professor Mattias Wahde at the Department of Machine and Vehicle Design, share a grant for their work on the mechatronics programme. Hans has developed a highly popular project course, which through the development, manufacturing and testing of an autonomous robot offers training in both theoretical and practical skills. Mattias has demonstrated exceptional commitment to his course “Adaptive algorithms and intelligent machines” and he has succeeded in stimulating his students to an unusually high work rate.

15 Performance and results, undergraduate programmes 2001, 2000, 1999 and 1998. Full-time equivalent students Annual performance equivalents Degrees 2001 2000 1999 1998 2001 2000 1999 1998 2001 2000 1999 1998 MScEng 4,773 4,410 4,510 4,591 4,088 3,911 3,910 3,912 762 761 835 781 Int. MSc 309 273 188 169 229 193 165 168 119 132 83 124 MArch 288 280 255 247 243 246 213 238 37 38 43 48 BScEng1 1,551 1,508 1,432 1,294 1,389 1,294 1,194 1,044 293 276 259 181 Marine officers 303 220 217 172 255 217 223 186 78 54 42 28 Advanced courses 106 99 97 177 90 83 78 166 — ––— Engineering prep. year 216 147 113 96 155 107 95 74 — ––— Miscellaneous 547 634 615 581 470 478 496 470 94 85 32 124 Total 2 8,093 7,571 7,427 7,327 6,919 6,529 6,374 6,258 1,383 1,346 1,294 1,286

1 Including marine engineers. 2 25 % of the full-time students in 2001 are women and 33 % are aged 24 or older.

Results Financial results Chalmers’ assignments for 2001 covered 8,530 stu- Chalmers , including Chalmers Lindholmen Univer- dents (expressed as full-time equivalents). The objec- sity College, reported a loss after financial items of tive set internally was 8,000. Chalmers reported a total SEK 7 million (–21) for 2001. The operating loss was of 8,093 students (expressed as full-time equivalents), SEK 7 million (–18). The operating income remained which corresponded to a performance level of 6,919. generally unchanged compared with the preceding The performance rate was 85%, which is marginally year. Income from the Ministry of Education and lower than the preceding year. Of the performance Science increased by SEK 43 million (9%) due to the level, 3.1% is within humanities or social sciences, the increase in the number of students and performance remainder within science or engineering. levels. Other income has fallen by SEK 37 million Of the normal education assignment as specified (28%). This can be attributed, among other things, to by the Ministry of Education and Science, 92% (92%) temporary income from the Chalmers Foundation in of the financial scope was utilised. 2000 for a contractual retirement programme. During the year, 762 students graduated with an Operating costs have fallen by SEK 5 million MScEng, 37 with an MArch, 293 with a BScEng as (–1%). The share attributable to state-financed un- well as 78 marine officers. The number of MScEng dergraduate programmes is 86% of the operating in- degrees and MArch degrees awarded is exactly the come, an increase of six percentage units compared same as the year before. The number of BScEng de- with the preceding year. grees awarded has increased by 17. A five-point course in Swedish for foreign students was run during summer 2001. Twenty-one students attended the course, which proved very popular. Chalmers Companies etc. 2 % Foundation Other state funding 6 % 1 %

Misc. 6 % Undergraduate programmes Chalmers, including Chalmers Lindholmen University College

Ministry of Education Operating income (SEK m) 2001 2000 1999 1998 and Science 85 % Ministry of Education and Science 529 486 470 466 Other state grants and assignments 7 10 4 4 Grants/assignm. from companies etc. 12 10 12 7 Chalmers Foundation 39 56 45 35 Operating income for 2001 Miscellaneous 39 58 68 66 amounted to SEK 626 million. Total 626 620 599 578 The total income was SEK 637 million.

16 Anna Erneholm, who is studying at the School of Architecture, is an unusual student indeed. She speaks Japanese. She had already taken a 45-point course when she began to look at ways of spending her fourth year abroad – naturally in Japan. The agreement with the Japanese university was not signed when she set off. It was only formalised when she was at Hokkaido Tokai University in Asahikawa, a small university Building a specialising in architecture and design with just 700 students. snowman in Japan

Anna and Riwako building their winning snow sculpture in the darkness of the night.

What is the difference between studying in Japan and Sweden? also have thick insulation and triple-glazing – very “Their programmes are four-year programmes and I took the necessary in northern Japan. Strangely they build houses second and third year courses from the architecture and design throughout the country based on the norms applied in programmes. The standard feels lower than here at Chalmers but southern Japan despite the fact that the climate there is for me the exchange meant that I learnt to speak fluent Japanese considerably milder than in the north,” Anna explains. and that I could devote my time to developing other ways of During her stay, Anna and her friend Riwako Kobayashi thinking,” explains Anna. Her year in Japan also included an took part in a snow-sculpting competition. “The competi- interesting six-week study visit to Kyoto and Tokyo. tion has been arranged for several years in the town of She explains that the Japanese are curious about foreigners. Her Nayoro. Each team is required to create a sculpture from a contact with the Japanese was good as she could speak the lan- 180 cm square block of snow, based on designs decided by guage. A couple of Finnish exchange students found it more diffi- the team in advance,” explains Anna. A jury then assesses cult. “I was surprised that there were so many Swedish connec- how well they have made use of the snow, the underlying tions. Swedish courses were run at the university and a lot of idea and its originality and how well it concurs with the people had been in Sweden on study visits. The town even had a original plans. “The competition is tough and involves ‘Vasalopp’ which our king took part in once, attracting considera- working day and night from Friday afternoon until Sunday ble attention. North of Sapporo, in Tobetsu, there is a Sweden morning,” says Anna. The ball-shaped sculpture created by Centre where they have a glass-blowing workshop where Swedish Anna and Riwako emerged the winner, which attracted experts come to work for a couple of years with Japanese students. attention in the school magazine and in the local press. There is also Sweden Hills, a housing area built by a Japanese It also means that they now have a place in an international company comprising Swedish style wooden houses painted in competition, which will take place in 2002, giving Anna typical red and white. And as if that wasn’t enough, the houses a good reason to revisit Japan.

17 187 people were admitted to the doctoral pro- Doctoral grammes in 2001. This is considerably lower than the year before, when 226 were admitted. This fall is due mainly to savings and increased caution in the face of Programmes long-term financial undertakings at the Chalmers schools. This trend is a cause for concern in the light of the University’s need in the future to recruit teach- Objectives ers/researchers and the potential for satisfying the Aim A person who graduates from a doctoral programme demand in industry for PhDs. As a result of the fall in Doctoral programmes at at Chalmers will be able to: new admissions, Chalmers will in the next strategic Chalmers aim to educate and develop researchers – formulate scientific issues plan, due to come into effect in 2003, need to revise who are in demand and – conduct research by applying scientific research its long-term target for PhD graduations from the have the ability to methodology and incorporating the results in a conduct scientific doctoral programmes, i.e. 200 PhDs will graduate in broader context research independently at 2007. an internationally high – critically evaluate his or her own personal level to the benefit of a The new admissions include 49 women, equivalent research and the research of others human and sustainable to 26%. This is slightly lower than the year before society. – interact effectively in interdisciplinary research when the number of women was 29%. One of the groups by adopting an open approach to other areas of science things Chalmers is working on to increase the number of women on doctoral programmes is increasing the – mediate knowledge pedagogically number of women role models among teachers and – apply an approach that incorporates all aspects Admissions, doctoral programmes of research ethics researchers. Total Chalmers’ doctoral programmes attract many stu- Women – lead research activities 265 dents with a first degree from other universities and To satisfy the increasing demand for PhDs in society, 231 colleges. Among those admitted in 2001, 62 gained 226 Chalmers had laid down the following objectives in its 218 their first degree from a Swedish university other than strategic plan for the period 2000-2002: Chalmers and 34 had a first degree from abroad, 187 – Chalmers will increase the number of PhDs to equivalent to 33% and 18% respectively. 130 by 2002, of whom 25% will be women. – In the long term, the number of PhDs will increase further and will reach 200 by 2007, of whom 30% will be women. To achieve this objective, Chalmers intends to gradually increase the number of new admissions to 300 Hans-Olof Andrén – research 66 64 60 by 2002. supervisor of the year 49 49 – The actual study time leading up to a PhD will By announcing a research supervisor of the year Chalmers aims to highlight the value of good be reduced to a maximum of five years. supervision, both for the personal development of 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 the doctoral student and for his or her research Chalmers also has an agreement with the state regard- results. Admission to doctoral ing an examination target of 590 ‘degree equivalents’ programmes at Chalmers, Hans-Olof Andrén, Professor of Physics, 1997-2001. during the period 2001-2004. The term degree equiv- demonstrates considerable commitment to his alent includes PhDs as one equivalent, a PhD with a doctoral students, both with regard to their working situation and their research as well as previous licentiate degree as a half and a licentiate their life outside Chalmers. This commitment is degree as a half equivalent. demonstrated in particular through his unassuming approach and his willingness to To achieve these objectives, Chalmers has decided Graduates improve and adapt supervision according to the Licentiates, total/women during the coming years to work specifically on im- individual needs of each student. His aim is to always give supervision high priority. This has PhDs, total/women proving supervision, stimulating internationalisation resulted in well-structured, initiated supervision, 149 140 and increasing efforts to recruit the most suitable PhD constructive development discussions and high- 133 129 students. The continued development of graduate quality research results. At the same time the 115 111 11 5 doctoral students feel that they have time for a 104 98 schools, better-planned studies and more efficient 94 functioning private life. Overall, this has con- follow-up will also contribute to achieving the above tributed considerably to the good atmosphere within the group. objectives. Hans-Olof Andrén is also excellent at making 40 31 36 national and international research contacts and 29 26 28 23 21 Fall in admissions he is committed to key Chalmers issues. Among 16 19 In autumn 2001 Chalmers had a total of 1,028 doctoral other things he is the equality ombudsman for the 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 School of Physics and Engineering Physics. students with an activity level greater than 10%. Of Doctoral programme graduation level, 1997-2001. these, 889 had an activity level of 50% or more.

18 Industrial doctoral student, a foot in each

“The advantage of being an industrial doctoral student is that you are seen as being part of the camp company despite the fact that you are actually studying. You can attend conferences and visit customers and yet still keep contact with the university and teaching alive.”

Anna Hermansson studied chemistry at Göteborg University and “I have been lucky in having a well-planned project and in doing did her degree project at the petrochemical company Borealis in so I have avoided setbacks,” says Anna. “Otherwise there is a risk Stenungsund. of sitting there and discussing together with your supervisor and

“My supervisor at Borealis said that he believed I would be suited to ending up down far too many dead-ends.” research,” says Anna. “It was not my intention to continue with She believes that what it comes down to is keeping a cool head academic life after graduating.” and manoeuvring correctly into position between these two

In autumn 1999 she took up her position as a doctoral student at the worlds. You also have to keep pushing your supervisor and stay in Chalmers research school MARCHAL. Half of her salary is met by the close contact so as not to lose pace. “The greatest responsibility KK Foundation, half by the company. She splits her time mainly be- for acquiring good help actually rests with yourself and you need tween lab work at Borealis and writing and teaching at the Department to realise this,” says Anna. So far Anna has succeeded in keeping of Polymer Technology. By supervising five students in three degree to her time schedule. However, just before Christmas it emerged projects she has good help in her project dealing with flame-proofing that her investigation had produced slightly different results than polyethylene material, which is used as cable insulation in low-tension expected. cables. Anna is examining the chemical reactions that take place in a “At first I was disturbed by it but later I felt very strongly that it fire, the ultimate aim being to improve the flame-proofing qualities. was a good thing. For the first time during these years I have One of the advantages of this material is that it does not emit any toxic stepped outside the framework of the project and done something substances in the event of a fire, as is the case with halogen-based that can drive the project forward. That’s fun. There is no doubt material. whatsoever that companies gain by employing people with PhDs.

Anna is happy with her choice despite the fact that the academic world “You learn how to run a project. And by also teaching and keep- and the company world sometimes can have very different views about ing track of degree projects you receive further training in how to research. She has two supervisors, one at each place. On the company keep things together. I really notice the difference compared with side the focus of interest is naturally the development potential whilst when I began. Not only in my way of thinking but also in the way at the university it is more important to follow interesting leads. I express myself.”

19 Anders Skyttebol is a doctoral student at Chalmers. His research deals with fatigue in railway lines. But that is not why we met him. We wanted to talk to him in his capacity as chairman of the Doctoral Section.

The Doctoral Section’s  Internationalisation is another issue in which doctoral view of students are involved. “Exchange with abroad takes “Do you have anything new to tell us?” One thing that is new place on all levels at Chalmers. That is why we are is that Chalmers has decided to establish a new School of pushing the question that all information related to Computer Science and Engineering. For us this means that we research should be available in English,” says Anders. are now working to set up a graduate council at the new He states that doctoral students are members of an school and up to now things appear to be going well,” he says. enquiry group dealing with internationalisation in This is otherwise one of the Doctoral Section’s problems: the doctoral programmes and that they are also involved level of activity and representation in the various university in the new XKON-project, where the focus is on the bodies vary from school to school. “However, this is something future education structure at Chalmers. we are working on continuously,” explains Anders. “Recruitment issues have been brought to the fore in

The doctoral students’ ever-present question is about supervi- the past year through lower admissions onto the doc- sor training. “We have good collaboration with the Universi- toral programmes. We are involved in this as well as ty’s education department and 2000 was the first year for two the financial issues, such as retaining grants from the new supervisor training programmes, one for new supervisors Chalmers Foundation,” he adds. and one for those who are more experienced. There will be an What is the situation with regard to equality among evaluation in 2002,” says Anders. “The pedagogical standard is the doctoral students? “Around a quarter of the doc- important and I feel that we can do more to develop it. For us toral students at Chalmers are women. The University as doctoral students there is a two-point course in pedagogy in has worked for a long time in trying to increase this the programme. This is not compulsory but the majority of level. The Doctoral Section is involved in this work. people take it.” He also states that the system that was decid- We have a representative on the equality committee, ed the other year – involving a principal supervisor and a who is also a co-opted member of the Chalmers board, secondary supervisor for each doctoral student – is being and this allows us to highlight this issue. The board of gradually introduced. “This is a definite improvement and I the Doctoral Section actually comprises 50% women feel that the majority of doctoral students today have both a and so I feel that we have achieved a good balance on principal and a secondary supervisor,” states Anders. our own board,” concludes Anders.

20 High graduation rate Study funding Average time to PhD During 2001, 115 students graduated from Chalmers For a long time Chalmers has had the policy that the with a PhD and 140 with a licentiate degree. Of those primary funding for doctoral studies should be in the 5,8 5,8 5,6 who took a PhD, 87 had previously taken a licentiate form of employment as a doctoral student. According 5,2 5,3 degree. The graduation rate is the highest ever. to Chalmers, this is one of the main prerequisites for Graduations for 2001 correspond to 141.5 degree success. The number of people with a doctoral posi- equivalents. This is equivalent to 24% of the Chalm- tion in 2001 was 720, of whom 27% are women, which ers objective of 590 degree equivalents during the is in line with the year before. This is equivalent to period 2001-2004. With a graduation rate on this lev- 81% of those who have an activity level of more than el there is every chance that Chalmers will achieve its 50%, which is a high figure. However, the number of objective. Forecasts also indicate a slight increase in newly-employed people with a doctoral student po- 1997 1998 19992000 2001 graduations in the next two years, although gradua- sition fell during the year from 141 in 2000 to 125 in Average PhD study time (including teaching and possible tion from doctoral programmes in the future is diffi- 2001. time off) 1997-2001. cult to assess because of the small population and the International research students who spend some effect of the general business climate. In times when time in Sweden as part of their education at one of the there is a shortage of qualified engineers and scientists Chalmers departments can be awarded a grant. In many doctoral students at Chalmers receive attractive 2001, there were 44 research students with such offers to work outside the University. grants. Doctoral students employed

Previously it was common for female doctoral stu- The number of industrial doctoral students accord- Total dents to conclude their studies after a licentiate de- ing to the Chalmers definition has increased from Women 720 729 720 gree. In recent years, however the number of newly- approximately 100 a few years ago to 142 in 2001. 648 659 graduated doctoral students has gradually increased Industrial doctoral students are employed at a com- and in 2001, 28 female PhDs graduated, accounting pany or the equivalent and pursue doctoral studies on for 24% of the total. The objective in the Chalmers at least a half-time basis within the framework of their strategic plan is that 25% of those who take a PhD in employment. 2002 should be women and this has almost been achieved. In addition, 36 women were also awarded Quality in research a licentiate, which is 26% of the total – also in line with The doctoral students are an important resource in last year. quality enhancement in the research programmes. 195 197 169 During the year, the Doctoral Student Section at 150 160 Study time Chalmers Student Union ran a survey on the condi- In 1994, Chalmers reduced involvement in undergrad- tions in the doctoral programmes and the doctoral 1997 19981999 2000 2001 uate programmes for those employed as doctoral stu- students who took part in Chalmers’ mentor pro- Number of persons employed dents to a maximum of 20% of the working time. This gramme have made a systematic report on their views as doctoral students 1997- has gradually reduced the average study time from of the doctoral programmes. The results were present- 2001. what was previously just over six years to 5.3 years in 2001. It should be possible to achieve further reduc- tions in the study time, as parental leave etc. is included. Experience at Chalmers shows that a shorter study time has a positive effect on recruitment and induces more doctoral students to complete their studies through to being awarded a PhD. This applies in particular to women and those who are planning to continue a career in industry.

Photonics research at Chalmers includes several advanced projects, including laser diodes for new applications, diffractive optics for exact control of light and fibre-optic links for very high transfer capacity.

21 ed to the Chalmers management and several of the The aim of the graduate school is to in time become proposals for improvement that were presented have a national platform for graduate programmes in ma- now been used to develop the doctoral programmes. terials science. Up to now, Linköping University has In the National Board of Universities and Colleg- also been linked to the network. es evaluations of undergraduate and doctoral pro- During 2001, the Chalmers President confirmed grammes, the subject for 2001 was computer science. the adoption of a programme formulation for a grad- The assessment group’s evaluation of the doctoral uate school and decided on a board. The board is programmes in computer science at the department, made up of representatives from the colleges that are run jointly by Chalmers and Göteborg University, was part of the network as well as external representatives positive. from the academic world and industry. Later in the A discussion on how doctoral programmes could year researchers in the network were invited to apply be incorporated into the education structure based on for support for PhD projects. Of the proposals pre- the Bologna process has been initiated. The first step sented, the board decided to approve five research has been taken at the School of Physics and Physics projects, covering a total of 15 new doctoral students Engineering and the School of Mechanical Engineer- with a doctoral position. These will be employed in ing through the integration of advanced courses with- spring 2002. All the projects involve collaboration in the undergraduate programme and subject-related between the different colleges in the network and doctoral programme courses. At these schools the between different schools at Chalmers. Once the doctoral student is given the opportunity to, within the graduate school has been fully expanded it will have framework of the doctoral programme, also gain cred- between 25 and 30 doctoral students. its for subject-relevant courses studied at undergrad- Chalmers is also involved as a partner university uate level. For students aiming at a doctoral pro- in the genomics and bio-informatics graduate school gramme at an early stage this could reduce the study with Göteborg University as the host university. time for a PhD. Internationalisation New national graduate school in The aim of Chalmers is to ensure that all doctoral materials science students build up good international contacts during Chalmers has for a long time worked very purpose- their time as a student. Chalmers therefore allocates fully to build up graduate schools and the majority of specific funds that doctoral students can apply for to doctoral students are today linked to a graduate cover the added costs of conference visits and longer school or one of the national graduate schools. periods spent at foreign research institutes. Doctoral In 2000, the Government decided to invest in 16 students who have studied for a time abroad feel that new national graduate schools within different subject it has been good for their development, both on the areas. Chalmers was appointed as the host school for personal and professional level. a graduate school in materials science with Karlstad Advanced modelling using, In 2001, 107 doctoral students travelled to some University and the university colleges in Dalarna, among other things, three- foreign university to take part in a course or to per- dimensional scanning, computer Borås and Trollhättan/Uddevalla as partner colleges. modelling and three-dimensional form part of their research task. Of these, 65 visited The network is based on the graduate school in ma- “print-outs” are becoming an EU country, followed by the USA with 23 visits. increasingly common within terials science started at Chalmers in 1996 with the Correspondingly, 43 foreign doctoral students spent design and product development. support of SSF and the Chalmers Foundation. The Model Aided Design a period of time at Chalmers, of whom 27 came from The aim of the national graduate school is to rein- Laboratory, MADlab, is a EU countries and nine from the rest of Europe. workshop for designers and force the research environment and quality of educa- architects, who in a very ‘hands- tion for graduate students involved in materials sci- on’ way can deal with the link Chalmers Medialab ence research, which currently takes place within sev- between physical and digital Digital Imaging runs a graduate programme in co- models. The aim is to eral different scientific disciplines. The graduate demonstrate the potential with the operation with the Faculty of Art at Göteborg Univer- school also has the task of equipment available at Chalmers, sity and three doctoral students are currently work- such as haptics, 3D-cube, 3D- – supporting graduate students who are employed ing at the Medialab. plotter etc. Optical 3D-scanning at university colleges which have not yet been was carried out using equipment granted the right to award PhD degrees from Cascade Computings. – improving the recruitment base for graduate (Photos: Medialab) programmes – contributing to increased collaboration between the country’s universities.

22 Research Aims Chalmers will carry on high-quality research in which it is the world leader in selected areas Increase in number of professors and stimulate effective, innovative utilisation of During 2001, 24 new professors were appointed, of during 2001. In addition, there were 900 scientific the research results. whom only one was a woman. The number of profes- reports, popular science documents etc. The total Chalmers will develop knowledge and sors increased by 11 during the year, 10 men and one number of reported scientific articles is down slight- technology that lead to woman, making a total of 141 at the end of 2001. Only ly on the preceding year at a number of schools. The a sustainable society. ten of these are women. School of Chemical Engineering, however, has report- Over the past five years the number of professors ed more published articles than the preceding year. has increased considerably. Even if a number of pro- Professors Professors with a chair, total/women Assessment criteria for research fessors have been promoted, there has been a marked Professors, total/women increase in the number of researchers/teachers on the During the year, a proposal for assessment criteria for 190 professor level. research has been produced as part of a project run Total Only two new adjunct professors were added dur- between Chalmers and the Danish University of

ing the year. In December, there was a total of 30 ad- Technology (DTU). Future discussions will be based 150 141 130 junct professors, of whom one was a woman. Ten of on the relevance of different criteria in different re- 121 108 104 these are linked to the School of Civil Engineering search environments at Chalmers and DTU. Discus- and seven to the School of Mechanical Engineering. sions with Chalmers have also been linked to the ambition to find a new way of allocating faculty funds 58 58 56 46 49 Slow increase in the number of internally. A working group has produced a proposal

female researchers/teachers for a new allocation model for these funds. The aim of 8 9 9 10 5 5 4 3 2 2 During the past five years Chalmers has in different the new model is in the first instance to reward results 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 ways attempted to induce more women to continue that are of central significance to the Chalmers oper- The number of professors with and without a chair. their academic career. The number of female associ- ational objectives, in particular high-quality research ate professors is now 25% of the total, i.e. approxi- and doctoral programmes. At the same time, the aim mately the same proportion as among those who take is to draw attention to the performance of individual their PhD. On the professor level, the number of researchers and their contribution to the overall re- women unfortunately is falling, as few women up to sult. now have been able to acquire the merits for these positions. Promising young researchers in focus Chalmers’ researchers fared well in the face of com- Educational skills offer petition in the new programme to support young re- increased career opportunities searchers who are expected to become leaders at the A further addition to the plan has made it possible for University or in industry. The programme was initiat- Energy award for teachers with up-to-date subject knowledge and re- ed by SSF. Five of the twenty researchers who received Chalmers researcher search expertise, but also with an emphasis on peda- grants of SEK 10 million each for research over a six- Chalmers researcher Kankar Bhattacharya has been awarded gogical expertise, to be promoted to the post of pro- year period came from Chalmers. the Gunnar Engström grant for fessor. – Anna Kidiyarova-Shevchenko – gigahertz 2001 by the Gunnar Engström During the year Professor John Bowden took up electronics ABB Foundation. Kankar Bhattacharya received the – Richard Neutze – structure intermediaries of the William Chalmers Professorship, which is anoth- award for his research into er indication of the importance Chalmers attaches to membrane proteins, soluble proteins and dynamics, stability and the photochemical systems control of electrical power frontline pedagogical activity. John Bowden is a pro- – Owe Orwar – biomimetic and biological cells systems in a deregulated fessor at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technolo- market. and cell networks for complex biosensor and gy and he is a scientific leader for long-term collabo- Kankar Bhattacharya was born biodata systems ration aimed at improving quality in teaching and in India in 1964 and took his – David Sands – program language-based PhD at the Indian Institute of learning. methods for data security Technology in New Delhi in 1993 with a thesis on stability – Jan Swensson – soft materials dynamics. and dynamics in electrical Scientific production Jan Swensson has also received a six-year grant power systems. Since 1998 he Scientific production in the form of referee-examined from the Royal Academy of Science. has been working at Chalmers articles and conference contributions published in and from 2001 as associate professor at the Department of proceedings totalled approximately 1,650 articles Electrical Engineering.

23 A general conclusion from the results of this year’s applications to the Science Council, FORMAS and other bodies is that Chalmers at present has unusually good access to promising young researchers in key areas, many of whom also have the potential to become leaders.

Prerequisites for successful research Generally speaking, certain basic or not very application-related university research areas are experienc- ing problems finding finance as a result of the lack of external funds. Certain efforts have been made using funds from the Chalmers Foundation. It has, however, only been possible to use these funds for temporary measures. A more long-term solution to the problem is to create larger, more multi-disciplinary units where interaction between basic and applied research disciplines can be of benefit to both sides. This development has certain obvious elements, e.g. that technical research areas enter the micro- and nanoscien- Five new honorary tific area, which requires new impulses. In mathemat- doctorates ics, a similar process can be seen where co-operation across school boundaries leads to research projects with students from both the mathematical and engineering disciplines. New forms of collaboration and Gunnel Adlercreutz has been appointed honorary doctor for her important work in architecture and construction in Finland and internationally. As a broader financing programmes are a necessary devel- member of a number of Finnish government committees for cultural, opment in new university and college research. It is architectural and construction-oriented issues she has worked to achieve also necessary to maintain the know-how and exper- quality within architecture and art. As an architect she has run her own successful firm of architects and she now works as head of the Construction tise required to teach on the scientific level. Information Institute in Finland. In 1993-99 she was vice president of the Union Internationale des Architectes (UIA). Examples of strong Stanley Deser was made honorary doctor for his in-depth knowledge of research environments physics and his considerable commitment to Sweden and Swedish physics and for having created a natural contact interface for Sweden and Chalmers The Stochastic Centre in the Boston area. He has been involved for a long time in Swedish research The Stochastic Centre works with probability theory as a source of inspiration and as a worker. In his research he has made many successful contributions in general relativity theory and particle physics. He and statistical methods to analyse mathematical prob- is Professor of Physics at Brandeis University in Massachusetts, USA. lems presented in the different scientific disciplines, Harry Frank was awarded an honorary doctorate for his highly successful in industry and in society. After starting with the aid and innovative research development, which has given rise to a number of of funds from the Chalmers Foundation the Centre polymer insulation materials in high-tension technology. Several of the products, intended for wind power plants, are considered in the global received a grant of SEK 5 million in 2001 from the electric power industry to be pioneering discoveries. He is president and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, which stated head of research at ABB Corporate Research and a member of the Royal that they were prepared to continue supporting the Academy of Science and the Royal Academy of Engineering Science. work that was being done. During the year, research Bert Hansson received an honorary doctorate for what can be described as was directed at stochastic models of particle systems, commitment beyond the norm to development at the Onsala Space Observatory. He has for a very long time been the driving force in the biological modelling, telecommunications, material development and design of the observatory’s sophisticated telescope fatigue and risk and extreme pressures on economic equipment and he has in an outstanding way contributed to the creation of international contacts. and technical systems.

Margot Wallström was awarded an honorary doctorate for the fact that she The Fraunhofer Institute represents Swedish environmental policy work in a manner that can be Chalmers’ strong position within applied mathemat- described as knowledgeable, committed and factual. She is also a good ics led to negotiations during the year with the Ger- female role model on the management level in Europe. Since 1999 she has been the EU Commissioner for the Environment. She entered Parliament in man Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, resulting in a joint cen- 1979 and was the Minister for Culture from 1994 to 1996 and the Minister tre for industrial mathematics at Chalmers. for Social Welfare from 1996 to 1998.

24 Chemical Surface Physics Professor Bengt Kasemo’s research group at the Department of Chemical Surface Physics has received funding through the Swedish Research Council’s grants for excellent research environments. The group works mainly with the study of features and processes in “soft” nanostructures, i.e. miniaturised structures with a length range of 1-100 nm, manufactured using “soft” materials to study, for example, charge transport, light-induced electron excitations and so-called biological recognition in systems that imitate biological systems. In terms of basic research, this is an ex- plorative project, which investigates what are in part new phenomena that appear in soft nanostructures compared with hard structures. It is not possible to predict practical applications but these could appear in one or a number of the following areas: medical im- plants, new functional materials, biosensors and bio- chips, cell and tissue cultivation, bioelectronics or artificial photosynthesis. High Tension Technology From Moscow Research within high-tension technology has aroused considerable attention in Sweden and abroad and has led to extensive co-operation with both research to Chalmers groups at foreign universities as well as industrial When Anna Kidiyarova-Shevchenko came to Sweden she had already been in Ger- companies, power companies and different interna- many and the USA for three years even though she really comes from Moscow. It was tional organisations (CIGRE, IEEE). Some of the re- at university there that it all started some 15 years ago – her research into gigahertz search is directed at development, methods and meas- electronics. This is a research area in keeping with the times and which has induced urement techniques for the diagnosis of insulation SSF to grant SEK 10 million over a six-year period to Anna and her research group, systems in high voltage equipment, particularly in in- who work at the new MC2 building at Chalmers. The SSF funding is also recognition of Anna’s qualities as a research leader. sulators and transformers. Research is also aimed at increasing the understanding of basic phenomena in What is the research all about? “It is about increasing the speed of supercomputers, the study of polymer and ceramic insulators in differ- perhaps 50 times quicker than today’s computers,” says Anna “ They will also use less energy, perhaps one-hundredth of what they do today. An interesting application is to ent environments and with due observance of coating improve today’s base stations, which are already finding it difficult to handle the of biofilms. This part is supported through the SSF large volumes of information generated on the Internet and through mobile telepho- materials research programme. ny.” How is this possible? “It comes down to super-conduction, i.e. that there is no resistance and that this can be achieved at very low temperatures – just a couple of Chalmers’ environmental work degrees above absolute zero,” says Anna. How is this achieved? “The principle is All professorships set up within the framework of the exactly the same as a refrigerator although more effective,” she says as though it was Chalmers Environmental Initiative have now been patently obvious. filled, i.e. Sustainable Industrial Metabolism, Green Anna lives in Särö with her two daughters whilst her husband is studying in Norway. Chemistry, Global Environmental Measurements, Was it easy to acclimatise to Sweden? “Yes, I have to say that all the Swedes have Environmental Systems Technology, Environmental been extremely friendly and receptive. When we moved here neighbours came with Management, Design for Sustainable Urban Devel- flowers and they helped us in all kinds of ways, both with material things and finding opment and Management for Sustainability. In doing our way to the shops, schools etc.” so, Chalmers has acquired a strong position within How does she perceive the day-to-day environment at Chalmers? “Naturally I miss education and research focusing on technology for a my homeland and all my relatives and friends. The fact that I, like many young sustainable society. The environmental science oper- Russian researchers, left Russia is due to the fact that research conditions are better ations are organised within GMV (The Centre for En- in the west. My research field started at Moscow University where it is still strongly vironment and Sustainability) which is run jointly theoretical. However, the financial resources are limited. That is why I am now at with Göteborg University (GU). GMV has, among Chalmers and I think it is fantastic here, even compared with Germany and the other things, five graduate schools. Around 40 PhD USA,” answers Anna, although she adds: “It is a little expensive here. I think that far too much of the research funding goes on fixed costs, such as administration, premises and other joint facilities.”

25 Royal professorship This year’s William Chalmers lecture entitled “Odin’s for Chalmers watchful eye – a satellite serving the environment” The board of the King Carl XVI Gustaf 50-year Fund has, under was given by Donal Murtagh, who is one of the pro- the chairmanship of His Majesty fessors within the Chalmers Environment Initiative. the King, named Professor Roland Scholz from Zürich as the fifth holder of the King Carl Materials Science XVI Gustaf’s Professorship in Material research has for a long time been one of Environmental Science, which means that during 2001 Chalmers’ profile areas. An inventory of current re- Professor Scholz will work with search and future specialisations was made and eval- researchers and teaching staff at the Göteborg Centre for uated at the beginning of 2002. The aim is to gather the Environment and Sustainability, management for the whole of the materials area to which is run jointly by Chalmers utilise more efficiently the capacity in investments in and Göteborg University. more expensive instruments and other investments. Professor Scholz has been Professor of Environmental To achieve this end, the Materials Analysis Laborato- Science at ETH in Zürich since ry at Chalmers, MACH, was established. The Labora- 1993 and since 1998 he has been adjunct Professor of tory should be inter-disciplinary and interact with na- Psychology at the university in tional and international research groups and industry. the same town. Doctoral programmes are well co-ordinated through SSF’s Materials Graduate School and students are registered in the environmental science through the KK Foundation together with the compa- field at Chalmers. During the year, five took their li- ny graduate school Marchal and the state’s invest- centiate degree and three took a PhD in Environmen- ment in a national graduate school in materials sci- tal Sciences. ence with Chalmers as the host university. Altogeth- Following a proposal by Chalmers and GU, Profes- er these graduate schools have around 70 PhD stu- sor Roland Scholz from ETH in Switzerland was ap- dents. This number will increase next year when the pointed as King Carl XVI Gustaf Professor of Envi- new national graduate school starts with PhDs from ronmental Science for 2001-02. During the year, Pro- Karlstad University and Borås, Dalarna, and Troll- fessor Scholz has worked actively in Göteborg with, hättan/Uddevalla University Colleges. among other things, the “Lundby on the Way” project. New guest professor in Chalmers will also be the main host for the next hold- Information technology Environmental Science at Chalmers er of this professorship, which will be held by Profes- Considerable efforts have been made in the IT field, The Graduate Engineers’ sor Colin Fudge from the University of the West of among other things with funds from the Chalmers Association (CF) board has England, Bristol. Foundation, to build up the scientific base, undergrad- decided to appoint Professor Takashi Mino from Japan as the The first holder of the Graduate Engineer Associ- uate programmes and the infrastructure. A reinforced first holder of the CF ation guest professorship within the environmental scientific platform for the new MScEng programme Environmental Professorship working at Chalmers. field, Professor Yakashi Mino from Tokyo Universi- in Information Engineering has been of particular im- Professor Mino will take up his ty, is now based at Chalmers. portance in providing a programme on scientific appointment in autumn 2002 Chalmers’ strong position in the environmental grounds. The focus will also be on acting as a knowl- and will remain for two years. field is also demonstrated through membership of the edge base for the three-year BScEng programmes Alliance for Global Sustainability (AGS), where and for the IT University being run jointly with GU. Chalmers has rapidly established itself in a variety of The subject areas that will be focused on in the first research projects. Chalmers was also the host for the instance for reinforcement are software technology, first AGS “Technical Meeting” in October 2001, where human-computer interaction, visualisation and graph- researchers from the four universities involved and ics. Recruitment is also taking place for a number of representatives from industry discussed possible so- other areas. lutions to global environment problems. In conjunction with the EU summit in Göteborg in Biosciences June, Chalmers and GU ran a conference on the During the year, Chalmers developed a modern bio- theme “Learning for a Sustainable Society”. In No- engineering programme based on the scientific vember, King Carl XVI Gustaf was the guest at a con- areas within the Chalmers biofocus. The programme Professor Stanislaw ference at Chalmers on the theme “Sustainable devel- offers the students the opportunity to choose a bioen- Gubanski opment in Sweden and globally; which problems are gineering path (with an emphasis on bio-process en- was appointed as a Fellow of IEEE, the Institute of Electrical we solving together?” gineering and molecular biology) or specialising in en- and Electronics Engineering. gineering biology (with an emphasis on biological

26 physics and biomedical engineering). Students from the chemical engineering, physics and electrical engineering programmes should also be able to choose National Competence Centres at Chalmers these profiles. This leads to a degree with a new com- financed by Vinnova or the Energy Authority bination of, for example, physics and biology or chem- Chalmers Centre for High Speed Technology (CHACH) Combustion Engine Research Centre (CERC) istry and food with molecular biology. The bioinfor- Competence Centre for Catalysis (KCK) matics and biomaterials research fields are strongly Competence Centre in Environmental Assessment of represented in these combined subject areas. Product and Materials Systems (CPM) Competence Centre for High Temperature Corrosion (HTC) The scientific profile areas in the bio-field have Competence Centre in Railway Mechanics (CHARMEC) been specified and the Chalmers Foundation has fi- Consortium Gas Turbine Centre (GTC) – shared with nanced doctoral students and young promising re- the Royal Institute of Technology and Lund University of Technology searchers who are vital to the development of this Research programmes in which Chalmers is field. A professor of pharmaceutical technology was the host organisation financed by MISTRA also appointed during the year. Pharmaceutical tech- Sound landscape for better health nology is closely related technical surface chemistry Sustainable Building Sustainable Urban Water Management and food technology and there is also teaching in this subject as part of the pharmaceutical programme at GU. MISTRA programmes in which Chalmers is participating The development of research into biophysical Batteries and fuel cells chemistry has been very successful. Unique results Centre financed by the Foundation for have been produced in these research groups with Technology Transfer in Göteborg regard to cell growth on surfaces and nano-biological Swedish Center of Excellence and Innovation in Functional Foods (SCEIFF) structures. Bioimaging will have an important role to Graduate schools at Chalmers financed by play throughout the whole biofocus with applications companies and the KK Foundation within microscopy, spectroscopy and visualisation. In FENIX – management conjunction with the recruitment that has taken place MARCHAL – materials science in an adjacent field at the Faculty of Medicine at GU, Research programmes financed by SSF Göteborg will have unique strength in bioimaging. in which Chalmers is the host Molecular bioengineering has created groups of Bio-informatics young researchers working on molecular structure Electronic Production (E-PROPER) High-frequency Electronics and function, the production of biomolecules and the Integral Vehicle Structures (IVS) analysis of biological components. Bioinformatics is The Materials Science School with sub-programmes Bio-compatible running a successful graduate school with application Materials, Polymer Construction Materials and Electrical Outdoor Insulation Multi-phase Flow projects in structure prediction and biomolecules, cell National Network in Applied Mathematics (NTM) signalling and several other areas. Nucleic Acid Research At the beginning of the year, Chalmers started a Production Engineering Education and Research (PROPER) broad-based graduate school in the bio-field. Once it Quantum Components and Nanostructures has been fully expanded it is planned to have at least SSF programmes in which Chalmers is a participant 40 doctoral students, of whom almost half will be The Biomedical Research School in Göteborg (GGBS) funded by the Chalmers Foundation. The Centre for Combustion Science and Technology (CeCoST) Through the Wallenberg Swegene investment, sev- Chemical Process Design and Control (CPDC) Collaborative Programmes in Microelectronics eral facilities, instruments and post-doc positions will Competitive Construction be added and in doing so contribute to the develop- Energy Systems ment of those sections of the bio-field on which Engineering Design Research and Education (ENDREA) Chalmers is focusing. Initially, the focus will be on struc- Forest Products Industry Research College (FPIRC) Future Technologies for Food Production (LiFT) tural biology, membrane proteins and bioimaging. Integrated Electronics Systems Marine Research and Engineering (MASTEC) Examples of development areas Personal Computing and Communication (PCC) Co-operation with industry within nuclear technolo- Photonics Real Time Systems (ARTRES) gy commenced during the year with the aim of ensur- Scientific Calculations ing long-term know-how. Co-operation involves rein- Selective Preparation and Pharmaceuticals of Fine Chemicals forcement of research, education and in-service train- Visual Information Technology (VISIT) ing within reactor physics and nuclear chemistry. Re- Wood Mechanics Wood Technology inforcement is necessary as expertise within this area is of strategic importance to the country. As relative-

27 ly few students take part, this results in high per been positive and subject experts emphasise in partic- capita costs. ular the scientific results. Operations, which are now The field of design and production engineering at well established, highlight both structural potential the School of Mechanical Engineering has inaugurat- and challenges. Very high demands are made on lead- ed the new Winquist Laboratory, based on the Prod- ership in these multi-disciplinary areas – leadership uct Development Centre. This centre is a further de- which in some cases falls outside the academic career velopment of SSF’s investment in design engineering system. (Endrea) and production engineering (Proper). Prod- uct development with an industrial orientation is sup- Financial results ported by the Technical Design programme and the The loss after financial items, including Chalmers professional education programme Industrial Prod- Lindholmen, for 2001 totalled SEK 51 million (–62). uct Production, in which the KK Foundation is con- The operating loss was SEK 52 million (–56), which is tributing with a SEK 50 million investment, Chalmers an improvement of SEK 4 million on the preceding is the co-ordinator of a consortium of seven players. year. The financial results include depreciation costs, which, in the balance sheet, are covered by the share- Professor Bengt Kasemo International exchange holders’ contribution, received as a result of the was awarded this year’s 36 teaching staff/visiting researchers from different change in accounting principles. In the total Chalm- Akzo-Nobel Science Award parts of the world have, according to reports received ers financial results these costs amount to SEK 67 for research into basic phenomena within surface from the schools, spent more than three months at million, of which the majority pertain to research and physics and chemistry. This Chalmers, which is slightly higher than in 2000. How- doctoral programmes. The operating income has in- award was shared with Professor Ingemar Lundström ever, only 16 Chalmers teaching staff spent time at a creased by SEK 61 million (5%) compared with the at Linköping University. foreign university for a period longer than three preceding year. An increase of SEK 17 million is at- months. Our experience is that three months is a long tributable to income from companies and other or- time to be away and that a large number of research- ganisations as well as from research foundations. State Misc. 5 % EU 3 % ers feel that an exchange of a few weeks or a month funding has increased by SEK 18 million, mainly from or so is extremely rewarding. In addition, there are the research councils and the Ministry of Education and

Public Ministry of personal contacts made at the large number of inter- Science. Chalmers’ ten largest research financing foundations Education and 11 % Science national scientific conferences, as opponents during bodies account for 80% (77%) of the income for re- Companies 28 % PhD defences as well as acting as experts in appoint- search and doctoral programmes. The table below etc. 12 % ments or evaluations. shows the contributions made by these financing Chalmers Other state bodies. Foundation funding 16 % 25 % National competence centres The state-financed research and doctoral pro- During the year, Chalmers’ six national competence grammes’ share totalled 53% of operating income and

Operating income for 2001 centres, following an evaluation and examination, has fallen by one percentage unit compared with the amounted to SEK 1,318 million. concluded new agreements for a further three-year preceding year. Operating costs have increased by The total income was SEK 1,346 million. period, the so-called Phase 3. The evaluations have SEK 57 million (4%).

Largest research financing bodies Doctoral programmes and research (SEK m) 2001 2000 1999 1998 Chalmers, including Chalmers Lindholmen University College Min. of Education and Science 363 350 347 345 Operating income (SEK m) 2001 2000 1999 1998 Chalmers Foundation 214 203 192 95 Ministry of Education and Science 363 350 347 345 Swedish Research Council 126 112 111 103 Other state grants and assignments 336 331 345 319 SSF 106 97 69 56 Grants/assignm. fr. companies etc. 157 150 151 150 Swedish Energy Agency 71 50 31 Public foundation grants 140 130 92 71 Vinnova (NUTEK) 70 61 87 95 EU grants 36 36 35 32 EU 36 36 35 32 Chalmers Foundation 214 203 192 95 Volvo 24 24 17 Miscellaneous 72 57 83 88 Formas (BFR, SJFR) 22 19 21 24 Total operating income 1,318 1,257 1,245 1,100 The Wallenberg Foundation 17 71234

28 Continuing professional

During 2001, the School of Continuing and Profes- sional Learning became an operative unit within development Chalmers Lindholmen and assumed responsibility for commissioned education programmes at Chalmers. Skandinavisk Företagsutbildning AB ran four fee- The build-up of capacity for this assignment is assured funded courses within fatigue, durability and stable Continuing professional development programmes through funds from the Chalmers Foundation. constructions and vibrating constructions. The courses started in autumn 2001

The School is intended as a natural link to, and attracted a total of 45 participants. Communication – Human partner for, industry in this dynamic competence de- Being in a Technical Environment, velopment process. During the year the focus was Internationalisation 20 points, part-time

mainly on the automotive industry, engineering indus- The internationalisation process has been intensified Facilities Management, try, shipping and energy. during the year. Discussions have taken place with, 40 points, part-time As a result of the current economic climate, several among others, the Fiat Corporate University in Turin, MBA – Master’s Course in International Business, education assignments have been postponed and will a couple of British universities and the university in 40 points, full-time be run during 2002. The School has therefore not Helsinki on the creation of EU-funded continuing Industrial Marketing and achieved the sales target set for the year. professional development projects Purchasing, 20 points, part-time The School of Civil Engineering ran three pro- Expansion grammes during 2001 for SIDA’s recipient countries Project Management, 20 points, part-time In July, CHOICE was integrated into the School of as well as two courses and a follow-up seminar. A total Space Communication, Continuing and Professional Learning, which meant of 81 participants attended. 5 points, 25% that the personnel increased to eight. During the period 1997-2001, CHOICE developed and ran courses Non-fee programmes in signals processing and control engineering with the As a complement to the continuing professional de- Courses, study rate less than full-time (number) aid of e-learning. The main focus has been on devel- velopment offered by Chalmers through the School Students 304 oping methods for teaching the often theoretical and of Continuing and Professional Learning there are Full-time students 74 advanced concepts that form part of these courses and non-fee programmes and independent courses from Full-time performances 45 to develop design and implementation models. In co- the MScEng and MArch programmes. In autumn Courses, time other than operation with K-World, CHOICE has developed 2002, six such programmes commenced with 155 par- daytime, weekdays (number) and produced the course “Vehicle Electronics and ticipants. On the Space Engineering programme, the Students 22 Full-time students 2 Systems Design” for Volvo. The course is one of the five-point sub-course Space Communication was run Full-time performances 2 largest in Sweden and the most ambitious e-learning and a further sub-course is planned for autumn 2002. project to date. Continuing professional development Development during 2001 for teachers Non-fee programmes SEK m The School has worked to develop tools to reinforce The Department of Technology and Society ran a con- Continuing professional development programmes 4.1 Chalmers’ position in life-long learning, particularly tinuation course on the subject of Technology, Man Independent courses 2.5 models to support companies in their competence as- and Society for high school teachers working on the Total 6.6 surance. Another task is the development of flexible Engineering Programme. In 2002, the programme will Continuing professional learning, where several different pedagogical struc- continue with another continuing professional devel- development for teachers tures interact to provide people working in industry opment day at Chalmers and a five-point distance Chemistry and Chemical with the best possible conditions for learning. learning course financed by the National Agency for Engineering for Teachers 0.1 Technology Man Co-operation with the Volvo Car Corporation and Education. and Society 0.1 the role of systems supplier is continuing and equiv- The Department of Organic Chemistry ran a Total 0.2 alent collaboration with Saab Automobile in Trollhät- course in 2000/01 for a mixture of high school and Fee-financed programmes tan has been developed. A three-year agreement to secondary school teachers. The subject was chemical CHAMPS 10.0 train traffic operators at the National Shipping Ad- engineering, which is new for many teachers who in School of Continuing and ministration in nautical English has also been signed. the majority of cases have studied at university. Professional Learning 8.3 CIT 0.8 The first course in the programme “Certified CNC- Around 45 teachers attended the course. The impor- SFAB 0.6 technician”, run in co-operation with the Cutting tance of high school teachers to recruitment is con- Sida 3.4 Engineering Centre in the Gnosjö area, has been contributing to the interest in the development of cours- Total 23.1 cluded. es of this nature.

29 Continuing professional development Courses for developing countries

Since 1996/97, the School of Civil Engineering has run courses financed their computers and solve the tasks they have been assigned,” says by Sida. “Really it began back in 1991 when CIT was responsible for the Gilbert. The courses are evaluated on a daily basis and the partici- arrangement,” explains Gilbert Svensson, who is today responsible for pants have the opportunity to make an assessment of each lecture.

courses at the Department of Water, Environment, Transport. The “Sometimes this type of activity leads to Sida-financed degree courses are vital to the department as they account for approximately projects, where former course participants act as hosts in their 10% of the department’s turnover. At the present time the courses home country,” says Gilbert. “Even SSPA has the equivalent SIDA being run are “Urban Water Supply and Waste Water Systems” and courses as part of their theme, such as oil protection at sea, risk “Solid Waste Management”. There is also the “Ground Water Supply” management and infrastructure development. However, their course at the Department of Geology. In 2003, there will also be a new courses are more commercially oriented than ours.” Gilbert also course in “Ground Water and Hard Rock”. explained that in 2001 a seminar was arranged in Windhoek in The courses are applied courses and are directed at officials in develop- Namibia to which all the earlier African course participants were ing countries. This is part of Sweden’s aid programme. The participants invited. Of around one hundred we succeeded in bringing together are highly qualified, often with a BSc or MSc and with around five 35 participants. This successful seminar was arranged from Sweden years’ work experience coupled with management responsibility. They by a staff of just three people.

must also be approved by a water authority in their country. Each year, Nowadays, procurement of these SIDA courses takes place on the SIDA publishes a catalogue with a range of courses. This catalogue and open market. Only Swedish suppliers are involved as the courses the brochures with the different courses are distributed via the Swedish apply to Swedish aid. Every four years SIDA runs the procurement embassies and an invitation is sent to around 40 countries. “We usually process and up to now Chalmers has fared well. receive 100-120 applications and 30-35 are accepted. Experience shows What do the participants think about the courses? “We usually get that we have a certain drop-out but the aim is to have 25 participants top marks for organisation,” says Gilbert “And many participants on each course, which usually means one participant from each feel that it is very positive that they are treated with such respect country,” explains Gilbert. despite the fact that they represent countries that have a long way The courses take place in co-operation with Swedish industry and last to go before they reach our technical standard.” for six weeks, of which one week is devoted to visiting facilities that are of particular interest. “The courses are truly intensive and the participants have to work hard. When they are ‘free’ they sit at the hotel with Participants on the SIDA course “Management of Urban Water Supply and Wastewater Systems” pictured outside the Department of the Environment in Stockholm prior to an examination of Swedish environmental law in the water sector.

(Photo Gilbert Svensson) 30 Educational development During 2001, the Centre for Educational Develop- staff and students in partnership (3 projects) ment has been involved in courses for employees at – Finding out about and using innovative Chalmers and has also been involved in the develop- approaches to teaching and learning (6 projects) ment of training programmes, courses, course evalu- – Integration of curriculum, learning experiences and educational planning (7 projects) ations, pedagogical merit assessment and the imple- – Appropriate ways of assessing student learning mentation of a strategic project to improve under- (3 projects) graduate programmes. A project announcement resulted in 37 applications Courses for employees from groups of teachers within Chalmers for a total During the year, the Centre designed and implement- amount of SEK 75 million. The proposal from an in- ed the first courses in education that brought togeth- ternal assessment group was sent to external educa- er teachers from the whole of Chalmers. The courses tion referees, whereupon a decision was taken that are 10-point courses and are run in both Swedish and from autumn 2001 through to autumn 2002, 22 English. They take place over three terms and current- projects would be financed at a cost of approximately there are 55 teachers on the courses. There are also ly SEK 13 million (three projects that were financed Importance of education Swedish and English versions of doctoral courses. The were not part of the prioritised areas). The William Chalmers guest courses attracted over 110 participants during the professorship has been Educational merits awarded to Professor John year. The task of expanding the content and scope of Bowden from the Royal the courses in education for doctoral students has In the Bill mentioned previously, attention was drawn Melbourne Institute of Technology in Australia. He is commenced. Courses have also been run in “Scientific to the issue of educational merits. Chalmers has estab- already linked to the Centre for Supervision for New Supervisors” and in “Perform- lished practice for handling the assessment of educa- Educational Development at ance, speech and voice in the teaching situation”. All tional merits when recruiting new staff or in conjunc- Chalmers, where he is assisting in the C-SELT project and in tion with promotion. This has been developed by courses are in line with the Government’s bill “The the long-term task of improving Open University”. Altogether, around 13% of Chalm- upgrading to the post of professor being made possi- the quality of teaching and learning. ers’ teaching staff have taken part in the courses. Of ble through an emphasis on educational merits. newly-employed teachers, 13% have taken part. Student involvement Chalmers Strategic Effort in and gender aspects Learning and Teaching, C-SELT Particular attention was devoted during the year to The Centre has for a long time encouraged and sup- questions related to student involvement and gender ported educational development through RePU (the aspects in development within undergraduate pro- Reference Group for Educational Development), grammes. Co-operation on undergraduate issues has which handles resources and project applications for been established with ETH in Zürich and Linköping this purpose. The successful work of the reference University of Technology. group has now been developed into a strategic Chalmers effort to develop undergraduate programmes, the so-called C-SELT project. C-SELT is an investment of approximately SEK 50 Courses during 2001, number of participants University pedagogy for Chalmers teachers (2000-2002) 12 million, which is financed by the Chalmers Founda- Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (2000-2002) 16 tion and which will take place over a six-year period, Course bringing together all those who attended the foundation course 7 commencing in 2001. An analysis of Chalmers’ re- Scientific supervision for new supervisors 15 quirements has resulted in four specific areas of ur- Performance, speech and voice in the teaching situation 10 gency (the number of projects decided is given in University pedagogy for Chalmers teachers (2001-2003) 17 Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (2001-2003) 10 brackets): Doctoral courses – Changing attitudes towards learning: teaching Education for doctoral students 73 Becoming a University Teacher 39 Number of participants 199

31 Dialogue with target group consists of former Chalmers students as well as industry, employees and students. The circulation is 32,000. Central, internal information is now the community mediated via the Chalmers Intranet. Chalmers’ new Student Union building offers a marvellous opportunity to make external contacts. Chalmers in the community Here, for example, a new arrangement was run under Interaction with society One of Chalmers’ objectives is to reach out to a great- the title Meeting Point Chalmers, which attracted over Aim er degree into the national media and ultimately also 200 participants from around 50 companies. In De- Chalmers will develop into the international arena. By arranging debates and cember, an agreement was reached with the Göteborg knowledge and technology in such a way that it benefits a seminars at Chalmers and through investigatory ac- Film Festival, which will make the Student Union human, sustainable society. This task also includes tivities, a wider, denser network of contacts can be building and Chalmers a vital part of the Festival in influencing the attitudes of created. Intensive press information and easyly acces- 2002. the general public in the same direction. sible news on the web would make Chalmers more Chalmers will continually visible to the world. This was improved considerably IT University stimulate and create new fora In the IT sector, Chalmers and Göteborg University for increased interaction with during the year thanks to the focus on the Chalmers society and contribute to News homepage section. Chalmers has also been an have worked together to create an international re- research results being used effectively and innovatively. active partner in the emergence of Expert Answer, a search and education centre known as the “IT Univer- net-based service that provides the country’s journal- sity in Göteborg”. The aim is to reinforce co-ordina- ists with rapid access to new research and experts at tion of existing research and education efforts and to the country’s universities and colleges. No fewer than stimulate the emergence of new research and educa- 1,300 Swedish journalists currently subscribe to Ex- tion within this field. The IT University is a network pert Answer. There are also international links with organisation encompassing both new and existing IT- equivalent services in the UK, Germany and the USA. related education and research at Chalmers and GU. During 2001, students at Trollhättan/Uddevalla The IT University will stimulate entrepreneurial University College had the opportunity, as part of thinking and create better conditions for IT innova- their Media and Communications course, to make an tion. A prioritised part of this work is to stimulate the evaluation of Chalmers’ media work. The study establishment of new research and education facilities showed that Chalmers has to an increasing extent in association with the Lindholmen Science Park. succeeded in attracting the interest of the national The work to date has been directed at establishing media. One-third of what was on offer was of interna- a project organisation and initiating new activities at tional relevance, i.e. an increasing number of articles Lindholmen. The work is being led by a joint steering are reaching the foreign media. In association with the committee and has resulted in five advanced 60-point business group at Göteborg & Co, a number of meet- programmes, which started in premises at Lindhol- ings were arranged between foreign journalists and men in autumn 2001 with approximately 150 students. researchers at Chalmers. Interaction with the community takes place The equality debate at Chalmers continued during through a reference group with strong representation the year. The media continued to monitor this debate from industry and public administration. Directed although the vast majority of what was written and support from Ericsson will be used to build up re- said about Chalmers in the press and the broadcast- search activities at Lindholmen, focusing on commu- ing media was related to our research. nication networks. During the year, a group of researchers attended a media course. One of the participants, Peter Nordin Alumni and Fundraising at the School of Physics and Engineering Physics, has Alumni work during 2001 was directed at increasing succeeded in achieving considerable impact in the re- co-operation with the Chalmers Engineers’ Associa- gional, national and international media. His artifi- tion. An agreement on expanded administrative co- cially intelligent robots, Elvis and Priscilla, attracted operation has been entered into and a lease agree- everyone, from the children’s magazine Kamrat- ment has been signed that will enable the Engineers’ posten to the periodical Science. Association’s Club Avancez to move to the Chalmers The previous personnel magazines “Magasin campus. The Alumni office has taken part in many of Chalmers” and “Chalmers Alumni” were merged into the Engineers’ Association meetings to deepen and a new magazine “Chalmers Magasin”. The primary broaden co-operation.

32 In March, Chalmers appeared for the first time on the stock market through the newly-started Chalmers Global Fund, which has been developed in co-operation with Handelsbanken. The fund invests money globally and is directed mainly at alumni, students and employees. Two per cent of the total value of the fund at the year-end passes to Chalmers to support its international work. 2001 also marked the end of fundraising for the new Student Union building. A total of 2,300 benefactors have given donations amounting to SEK 61 million. The benefactors were invited to the inauguration of the building and thereafter some thirty guided tours took place to provide an opportunity to see what the donations have achieved.

Chalmers’ innovation system Since the 1970s, Chalmers has been a pioneer in supporting entrepreneurial processes and utilisation of Nobel Prize winners Wolfgang new knowledge. Since Chalmers became a foundation Ketterle, Eric Cornell and Carl in 1994 this process has accelerated and a number of Wieman lectured at Chalmers in conjunction with the special functions, such as financing, incubation, technology Nobel anniversary symposium, licensing and entrepreneur training, have been built which brought a further twenty Nobel Prize winners to up at Chalmers. The core of the Chalmers innovation Chalmers and Göteborg system today is the Chalmers Entrepreneurship University in December. School, Chalmers Innovation, Chalmersinvest and Chalmers Technology Licensing.

Chalmers Entrepreneurship School In 1997, the Chalmers Entrepreneurship School was started as a leading edge provider of training in entrepreneurship and the commercialisation of new technology. The 60 students who passed through the Chalmers organisations for industrial co-operation school during the period 1997-2000 were, as of August – The Corporate Relations Centre markets Chalmers as a partner for industrial 2001, responsible for starting 11 companies with a renewal – research interaction and continuing professional development total of 90 employees and SEK 144 million in secured programmes. venture capital. During 2001, the course was expand- – The Chalmers Industrial Technology Foundation (CIT) markets, sells and runs commercially-applied research and development and tailored continuing and ed from 40 to 60 points. professional development programmes. The Chalmers Entrepreneurship School today in- – The CHAMPS (Chalmers Advanced Management Programs) Foundation cludes an Entrepreneurship School Fund, which arranges continuing and professional development programmes in Technology Management for managers in industry. works to set up sustainable companies from the inno- – The School of Continuing Professional Learning at Chalmers Lindholmen vation projects run by the students together with re- offers competence development programmes for engineers and marine searchers and inventors. The education basis has been officers working in industry. improved through a new arrangement and at the same – The Chalmers Science Park Foundation creates conditions for close co- operation between research departments at major companies and Chalmers’ time the innovation projects can be run under what researchers at the Chalmers Science Park. are in essence real conditions. From the seven project – The Lindholmen Science Park creates conditions for close collaboration groups that the School housed during 2001, six com- between companies and company departments working with advanced technical development by initiating and marketing a science park at the panies have been founded. Lindholmen area.

Chalmers Innovation – The Medicine and Technology Foundation generates increased potential for the commercial and social benefits of medical technical research results from The Chalmers Innovation Foundation satisfies the Chalmers and Göteborg University. need for knowledge, capital and office space for – The IMIT Foundation runs and promotes research within technical and young growth companies. During 2001, a so-called industrial renewal and administration and is involved in the provision of training for, among others, Chalmers. pre-incubator (the process surrounding the start-up of a company) was formed together with Chalmersinvest

33 and the Foundation for Technology Transfer in Innovation Technology for research within venture Dialogen Gothenburg. During the year, eight projects and four capital. The amount will be paid out over the next five new companies were brought into the company incu- years. bator and three companies “graduated”, including Over 800 people took part in the business plan LightUp Technologies. Chalmers Innovation also competition Venture Cup 2001, in which Chalmers is started a branch at Chalmers Lindholmen. a co-organiser and where the first and third prizes

Innovation projects at During 2001, ten companies at Chalmers Innova- were linked to Chalmers. Students from the Chalm- Chalmers Entrepreneurship tion received SEK 6.1 million in conditional loans or ers Entrepreneurship School were involved in five of School 2001 which are continuing as companies: grants through the incubator’s financing function. the ten prize-winning projects.

Accilon: development of fibre- Nine Chalmers Innovation companies received a to- optic solutions for the next tal of SEK 87 million in external ownership capital. Income from industry generation of fibre-optic During 2001, the Chalmers Group, including networks, a project that Chalmersinvest originated from research at CHAMPS and CIT, received income and grants total- MC2. The venture capital company AB Chalmersinvest is ling SEK 127 million from industry for doctoral pro- Accinity: development of the wholly owned by Chalmers and invests in seed com- grammes, commissioned research, scientific consulta- product WebEye, for which a panies from Chalmers and other colleges in western patent has been applied. tions and competence development of engineers and WebEye mediates information Sweden. In addition to financing, Chalmersinvest is naval officers working in industry. This is a fall of through the IR-port of the mobile involved in the development and structuring of com- telephone. SEK 6 million compared with the preceding year and panies to create conditions for further financing and Ambria: collaboration with accounts for 6% of the turnover of the Chalmers researchers from Clinical growth. Chalmersinvest co-operates with several ven- Group. Approximately one-third of the amount Pharmacology and the Skin ture capital companies. During 2001, Chalmersinvest Clinic at Sahlgrenska Hospital comes from projects where the purpose of the indus- aimed at licensing a new base invested in three seed companies, acquired two com- cream for dermatological trial companies is to reinforce doctoral programmes panies and entered into two investment undertakings. preparations with features that at Chalmers within specialist areas in which there is soften, conserve, inhibit fungal growth and increase the uptake Chalmers Technology Licensing a particularly high demand for PhDs. of active substances into the Chalmers Technology Licensing AB (previously For- skin. SEK 18 million of the income is related to devel- skarpatent i Väst AB) is charged with task of assisting oping the skills of engineers employed in industry Avinode: development of logistics solutions for taxi aircraft Chalmers’ researchers with developing and protect- within technology and technology management and and the first project at the Entre- ing patentable research results by financing and com- preneurship School where the the development of skills of marine officers. SEK 74 mercialising such patents. During 2001, the com- students themselves came up million of this SEK 127 million comes from commer- with the ideas. pany became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chalmers- cial assignments. The remaining SEK 53 million is in Daligi Wood: development of a invest. During the year, the company evaluated 23 technique, for which a patent the form of grants. The largest individual group of has been applied, for compen- inventions and provided advice to around 40 re- companies as a customer/contributor is Volvo, with a sation sawing, which increases searchers. In addition, the company started two devel- the timber processing level. The total of SEK 26 million for some twenty-five projects. idea came from the Department opment companies for the verification and commer- of Design Engineering and has cialisation of an inter-departmental invention within been evaluated by Chalmers Chalmers Careers Service Technology Licensing, which liquid crystal technology and also an invention with- Careers Service is a young operating area that works had also applied for a patent, in information technology. before it was transferred to the with facilitating recruitment and career planning for Entrepreneurship School. In applied physics a patent has been applied for the Chalmers students and companies. There has been results from research in the manufacturing of so- considerable demand during the year for individual Vehco: development of tele- matics solutions for haulage called nanotubes and nano-electronics. A project has career planning, interview planning and group activ- companies with lower operating also been transferred to the Chalmers Entrepreneur- costs and less negative ities (lectures and workshops). Careers Service has environmental impact. Vehco ship School, a patent has been sold to the Swedish helped the students at Chalmers in conjunction with was voted the student project of LCD Centre in Borlänge and co-operation has been the year at the Entrepreneur Day the ‘Labour Market Days’, CHARM and the majori- in 2001 and in November established between a Swedish industrial company ty of other ‘Labour Market Days’ arranged at the dif- received the award from His and researchers at MC2 on an extremely accurate an- Majesty the King to mark the ferent schools. work done by the company to gle measurement device patented by Chalmers Tech- Working with Chalmers students and companies, increase eco-friendliness. nology Licensing. the website has been developed into a functional Activities related to Chalmers meeting point, which up to now has had 25,480 visi- The venture capital company Innovationskapital, tors. More and more Chalmers students have entered which Chalmers was involved in founding in 1994, has their profiles into the Careers service database, which to date been highly successful and in 2001 it started its now has 1,180 individuals and is thus a sufficiently third fund. During 2001, Innovationskapital guaran- large basis to perform recruitment assignments. To teed a donation of a minimum of SEK 2 million and a date, 34 companies have entered their vacant posi- maximum of SEK 5 million to the Department for tions and contact details on the website.

34 Good results from international investment

Fraunhofer Institute in of international companies and prominent universi- co-operation with Chalmers ties of technology in Europe. Through membership, International networks Chalmers and the German Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Chalmers will gain access to a new forum for discus- (FhG) have formed a centre for industrial mathemat- sions about education in the future in engineering and ics at Chalmers. Being chosen as a partner for one of student access to a unique network of advanced tech- the first establishments by FhG in Europe outside nical education with a management orientation. Stud- Germany is evidence of Chalmers’ strength. In close ies are linked to an advanced training period at one collaboration with Chalmers Mathematics and the of the companies involved in UNITECH. The students Fraunhofer Institute für Techno- und Wirtschafts- will be part of a network, which each year includes mathematik in Kaiserslautern, the centre will, on a around one hundred students and prospective engi- non-profit basis, work for the increased use of applied neers from eight countries. mathematics in industry by conducting competition- The other universities in UNITECH are: RWTH in neutral research and work with projects defined by Aachen, UPC in Barcelona, TU Delft, Imperial Col- companies and public institutions. The centre will start lege London, Politecnico di Milano, ParisTech (a with three main areas: amalgamation of several universities of technology in – calculation-orientated physics (acoustics, Paris) and ETH in Zürich. Around 25 European-based electromagnetics, flow, structure and solid companies with international operations are part of mechanics) as well as load and fatigue analysis UNITECH . Following a proposal by Chalmers, two – optimisation methods and quality engineering Swedish companies are already included, Gunnebo – theoretical system methods for adaptive systems and SKF. within biostatistics, telecommunications, signal analysis and image processing, finance and Collaboration agreement between insurance mathematics. Chalmers and General Motors The centre will be run with 40% basic funding (divid- As the first university in Europe to do so, Chalmers ed equally between Chalmers and FhG), 40% indus- signed a co-operation agreement in December 2001 trial funding and 20% funding through public with General Motors regarding increased research co- projects, including EU projects. operation. The areas in question are safety, environ- Chalmers member of ment and interaction between man and machine. President Jan-Eric unique university alliance The good collaboration that has already been es- Sundgren and Ian Lau from tablished with Saab Automobile will be developed by In May 2001, Chalmers became the fourth member GM Research signing the facilitating interaction between researchers at Chalm- co-operation agreement. university in the Alliance for Global Sustainability (AGS). AGS was founded in 1994 by MIT in the USA, ETH in Switzerland and Tokyo University in Japan as a new strategic initiative for globally sustainable development and unlimited global environmental research. Membership is recognition of Chalmers’ strength in environmental research and has been made possible by grants from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. EU commissioner Margot Wallström has accepted an invitation to become a member of the AGS international council.

Chalmers elected as a memebr of UNITECH International Association As the first Scandinavian university to do so Chalm- ers was elected in September 2001 as a member of the UNITECH International Association, an association

35 ers and the whole of GM. Most important of all, Europe programme Chalmers is now on the GM list of Academic Partners. During 2001, Chalmers took part in 133 EU projects, GM already has agreements with a number of uni- which is on the same level as the year before. The versities, both in the USA and Asia. The agreement number has not changed due to the fact that we are with Chalmers is the first of its nature in Europe. Ac- now in the middle of the four-year Fifth Frame Pro- cording to Ian Lau ofGM Research, Chalmers, with its gramme, which will be concluded at the end of 2002. know-how in different fields and with its proximity to The new programme, the Sixth Frame Programme, Saab Automobile, has excellent potential for conduct- will start at the beginning of 2003. Of the projects, 124 ing research for GM and Saab. were in research, corresponding to a 5% increase on the previous year. During the year, 29 new projects Chalmers in unique commenced within the Fifth Frame Programme. The collaboration with Philips largest group of projects (94) are the industrially- The world-leading electronics manufacturer Philips is oriented projects. In 65% of these projects there are moving its development of silicon carbide transistors now 235 companies as partners. The majority, 87%, of to Chalmers. It is thanks to the University’s world- the companies are from outside Sweden, which means class research in high-speed components that Philips that Chalmers has good exposure in the European in- Semiconductors in the Netherlands has now opted to dustrial environment. commence collaboration with the Microtechnology It can be seen that in the Fifth Frame Programme Centre at Chalmers, where the work will be led by Chalmers has a slightly lower level of participation in Professor Herbert Zirath. terms of the number of projects compared with the Co-operation will initially focus on the so-called Fourth Frame Programme. On the other hand, Chalm- silicon carbide-MOSFET processes and products, an ers’ work in each project is considerably greater and area in which Philips has achieved exceptionally high income is consequently on a similar level. The volume movement of charge-bearers in channels by using sil- of the EU research programmes puts Chalmers in a icon carbide-MOSFET as RF-applications. The transis- good position in Sweden. tors are intended for a frequency of up to 10 GHz for Many universities have seen a downturn in the Prestigious music prize high-output base stations in mobile communication. success rate in the Fifth Frame Programme, i.e. the awarded to Chalmers student The Gaudeamus Prize for 2001 According to the agreement, Philips will provide the number of projects applied for that have been ap- was awarded to Palle Dahlstedt results in its research to date and transfer reserved proved, Chalmers has fared reasonably well and up to and Takuya Imahori from Japan. process equipment to Chalmers. now in the Fifth Frame Programmes it has had the The prize is one of the most prestigious international prizes for same success rate (35%) as during the corresponding young composers and it is the first Reinforcement of the Chalmers period in the Fourth Frame Programme. The average time it has been awarded to a Swede. Palle is conducting international profile in Europe is approximately 25%. research into creative algorithms Because the events that have taken place during the Income from these projects totalled SEK 36 mil- at the Department of Innovative year have obviously reinforced international opera- lion, which is on the same level as for 2000. This situ- Design at Chalmers and he received the prize for the video tions at Chalmers, Chalmers has adopted a collective ation is a reflection of the fact that the transition be- ANAKOLUT – collaboration with stance with regard to its international profile. Within tween the Fourth and the Fifth Frame Programme has the artist Martin E. Friberg, where details from Friberg’s extremely the framework of a two-year project, Chalmers has been concluded and that we are now in the middle of intricate drawings have been made an in-depth analysis of the potential for the the Fifth Frame Programme. brought to life with the aid of further expansion of the many good international Palle’s computer animations and so-called morphing technology. contacts at the University, creating new forms of co- The music is based on recordings operation. The project has been concluded with rec- EU projects at Chalmers 2001 (2000) from an urban environment, where the sound is reproduced 8-4,000 ommendations and a number of initiatives that will be Income from the EU Commission Number (SEK m) times quicker so that other worlds developed. Contact has been taken with universities Industrially-oriented research appear: the course of time that are undergoing dynamic development and with 18 programmes, e.g. Brite/EuRam, becomes rhythm, rhythm becomes Growth, IST, EESD 94 (88) 29.8 (29.1) sound waves and infra-sound a number of strategically-important international Research mobility TMR, IHP, emerges from the depths to companies. Most progress has been made in discus- INTAS 30 (31) 5.5 (5.9) demonstrate unexpected beauty. sions regarding the close collaboration with Ciao Tung Technical transfer, competence The prize has never previously development for people working University in Hsinchu, Taiwan, whose president and been awarded for an electronic in industry piece. It has always been given to delegation visited Chalmers in October 2001. A strat- INNOVATION, TEMPUS 3 (5) 0.4 (0.6) works for chamber orchestras and egy proposal has been presented within the frame- Student exchange, development of orchestras. “To give the award for education, SOCRATES, a video is, I feel, a very coura- work of this project for future internationalisation at LEONARDO, TEMPUS 6 (8) 0.3 (0.4) geous move by the jury,” states Chalmers. Palle, who has received several Total 133 (132) 36 (36) international prizes for his music.

36 Architecture

2001 The Year of Architecture Planning for sustainable urban

To heighten awareness of good architecture and the development in the future Dean Hans Bjur representation of the built environment, 2001 was The EU project GREENSCOM (Communicating Ur- Themes and research groups: proclaimed the “Year of Architecture”, in line with a ban Growth and Green) deals with communicative Building Design form and design action plan for architecture present- aspects in urban planning practice, focusing on issues Built Environment and Sustainable Development ed by the government. In conjunction with this initi- involving urban greenery and how different aspects City and Mobility ative, the Chalmers Foundation invested SEK 1 mil- are viewed. While the landscape architect recognises Innovative Design lion in an architectural education project aimed at the the importance of green areas for inhabitants and air Modern Architecture general public. 2001 Year of Architecture generated purification, the traffic planner might take the view Space and Process Theory and History of a whole series of new encounters for students, facul- that vast green areas are an obstacle to reducing trans- Architecture ty staff and researchers. Projects with external target port distances and thus an obstacle to reducing air Urban Design and Planning groups were also run under themes such as “Architec- pollution. The public view of green areas is deter- Visualisation and Modelling ture as Culture”, “Architecture and Availability” and mined largely by the practical use made of the areas Degrees awarded: “Architecture and Children”. Many of the projects in question. In autumn 2001, case studies were carried MArch 37 were run in collaboration with different museums, out in seven European cities to examine planning Research degrees awarded: Licentiates 4 associations and organisations. 2001 Year of Architec- solutions involving greenery. The project is part of PhDs 6 ture was celebrated at Chalmers with a series of pub- “City of Tomorrow and Cultural Heritage”, which is Referee-examined scientific lic lectures, an open house, exhibitions and workshops. in turn part of the EU’s fifth frame programme “En- articles 31 ergy, Environment and Sustainable Develop- Revenue (SEK m) 85 ment”. Number of employees 101

Like a bridge Using an arch, people build roofs, windows, bridges and watercourses. Simple yet ingenious. Architecture is about building culture – building together. The picture is taken from one of the 2001 Year of Architecture workshops for young people

37 Chemical Engineering

Green Chemistry In 2000, Owe Orwar was appointed distinguished

Dean Jörgen Albertsson The professorship in Green Chemistry is part of the scientist by the Royal Academy of Science. He is a di- Departments and Chalmers environmental initiative, CEI, and is held rector of the Microsystems Bioengineering and Bio- divisions of the School: by W. James Frederick, whose research is directed at electronics programme, located at MC2 and is partly Analytical and Marine environmentally-sustainable manufacturing process- financed by SSF. Chemistry (CHALMERS/GU) es for chemicals, fuels and other materials. There is a Applied Surface Chemistry Ceramic Technology particular focus on their production via biomass-con- Structural intermediaries of Chemical Engineering taining wastes from industry, municipalities and agri- macromolecules Design culture. The majority of these biomass wastes origi- One of the other young researchers to receive SEK 10 Chemical Reaction Engineering nate from forests and agriculture. Wood and bark million from SSF for his research is Richard Neutze. Food Science residues from the forest products industry alone ac- He and his research group moved to Chalmers from Forest Products and Chemical Engineering count for 15 million tonnes of dry biomass per year, Uppsala just over a year ago. The focus of their re- Chemical Environmental equivalent to 25% of the fossil fuel consumed in Swe- search is the study of membrane-bound and soluble Science den each year on a carbon equivalence basis. These proteins, shedding light on how structural intermedi- Heat and Power Technology wastes are potential raw materials for the production aries along a catalytic pathway are able to drive com- Inorganic Chemistry of chemicals, materials and fuels. Possible products plex biological reactions. This involves initiating a Molecular Biochemistry include hydrogen, syngas (for methanol and plastics), reaction within 3D crystals, trapping a high popula- Nuclear Chemistry pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals. tion of the desired intermediate at liquid nitrogen Organic Chemistry Physical Chemistry temperatures and then determining the X-ray struc- Polymer Technology Networks of nanotubes and ture of this intermediate. This has been successfully spherical containers applied to a study of the structural intermediates of MScEng degrees awarded: Owe Orwar is one of the Chalmers researchers to bacteriorhodopsin, the simplest known light-driven Chemical Engineering 106 receive SEK 10 million from SSF. His research group proton pump. The results have been published in the Chemical Engineering with Engineering Physics 22 at the Department of Physical Chemistry published reputed scientific journal Nature. Bio Engineering 7 an article in January 2001 in Nature, describing how The group is also a cornerstone of the so-called Research degrees awarded microscopic networks of nanotubes and spherical SWEGENE platform, the focus of which is research Licentiates 15 containers can be constructed in liquid crystalline into crystallisation and subsequent studies of function PhDs 15 phases. The applications of these networks are wide- and structure in membrane proteins, currently one of Referee-examined scientific articles 256 ranging, from understanding chemical reactions in the bottlenecks in structural biology.

Revenue (SEK m) 226 microscopic compartments to complex sensor systems Number of employees 272 for robotics and biological and chemical computers.

Nanotubes do not need to link spherical containers as they can also form a network in themselves. These nanotubes could have a diameter down to twenty nanometres. Three-way intersections of nanotubes increase the complexity of the networks and can create systems with extremely small volumes.

Complex biomimetic networks can be used as microanalytical and microfluidal systems, where complex chemical and enzymatic reactions in very small volumes can be studied. (The image shows a mock-up with copies of a simple network comprising five spherical containers and four interlinking nanotubes.)

38 Desired strain and deformation in a newly-produced sleeper. Civil Engineering New numerical model Computer simulations In railway traffic, demands regarding speed and com- lead to better buildings fort as well as axle weight are increasing all the time. By creating a computer model of a building its appear-

This has led to the further development of concrete ance and function can be studied before it is actually Dean Gunnar Gustafson sleepers that require new methods and models for built. Many aspects – such as durability, energy con- Departments and accurate, detailed analyses. The capacity of pre- sumption, economy and time-planning – can be de- divisions of the School: stressed concrete sleepers is largely determined by the scribed with the aid of mathematical equations. Using Applied Acoustics bond behaviour of the strands. Based on an earlier numerical methods, the computer can then calculate Building Economics and Management model developed for deformed bars at the Depart- solutions to the equations, which can in turn provide Building Materials ment of Structural Engineering, a numerical model answers to a whole host of questions. What load can Building Physics for the strand-concrete interface was developed using a floor bear? What is the most economical shape of a Building Services Engineering results from experimental tests. This work has in- bridge? The list is endless. Environmental Systems creased the knowledge of the present bond mecha- In a PhD thesis new, efficient methods for compu- Analysis nisms and their influencing parameters. ter simulations were presented. The thesis shows how Geology Geotechnical Engineering models of whole buildings can be created and shown Structural Engineering Test samples used to on the computer with the aid of CAD and VR technol- Structural Mechanics measure bond behaviour of strands in concrete. ogy (Computer Aided Design and Virtual Reality). Water Environment Transport Efficient methods for strength calculations are also

reported using FEM (Finite Element Method). By MScEng degrees awarded: linking the model and the strength calculation to an Civil Engineering 97 optimisation program the best design can be calculat- Research degrees awarded: ed. An example shows how material costs for a nor- Licentiates 19 PhDs 17 mal type of road-bridge can be reduced by 20%. Referee-examined scientific articles 177

Revenue (SEK m) 189 Number of employees 226

Air movements in loose fill insulation Throughout the lifecycle of a building, heating ac- Three-dimensional counts for the largest proportion of total energy use. simulation of the temperature field on the It is therefore essential, both for the environment and upper part of an attic joist for the individual house-owner, to have good heat with homogenous loose-fill insulation. In the red areas insulation in the building. warm air rises to the At the Department of Building Physics the influ- surface and in the blue ence of air movement on the insulation capacity of areas the air falls. loose-fill insulation in an attic joist system has been (Ill: H. Grönlund) studied both theoretically and experimentally. Exam- inations of highly-permeable loose-fill insulation have shown that the flow of heat through the joists could increase considerably as a result of natural convection whilst the influence of attic ventilation was less than previous investigations had indicated. The driving forces behind natural convection are greatest during the winter and increase in proportion to the insulation thickness. This means that in Sweden, with its cold winters and large insulation thicknesses, we should observe caution in the use of highly-permeable materials.

39 An expert system has been developed in one of the PhD projects for power quality analysis of voltage measurements. The expert system is able to classify different types of power system events to the underlying causes and offer useful power quality information. Typical events in power lines include short circuits (faults), transformer saturation and load switch- ing (such as electric motor load).

Chalmers host for leading IT conferences The world’s foremost researchers in the design of computer systems came together at Chalmers in July 2001 at two of the most prestigious scientific conferences in the IT field. – International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), which focused on speed (Photo Magnus Gotander) Professor Per Stenström and Professor Jan Torin with a and high calculation performance. poster from the double conference. – Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN), which dealt, among other things, with data security and reliability. Electrical and This was the first time that the two conferences were held at the same venue. This is an indication of the scientific strength of Chalmers in IT, where world- leading research is being conducted in the areas cov- Computer ered by the conferences. One project deals with ways in which hand-held computers can support calculation-intensive applications, such as video/sound Engineering processing and advanced games. In another project, experimental and practically applicable tools and Automated Power Quality Analysis techniques are being developed in collaboration with Dean Holger Broman Power quality is a term that describes a number of industry (including Saab and Volvo) for the design Departments and abnormal voltage and current phenomena in power and testing of inbuilt systems in distributed IT appli- divisions of the School: systems. These phenomena can be harmful both to the cations. Computer Engineering elements in the system and the customers. Power util- Electrical Power ities run extensive monitoring programmes to assess Engineering OPA offers wideband, Electrical Power Systems the performance of their systems in terms of power tunable pulse source Electromechanics quality. Monitoring is not only used to check wheth- High Voltage Engineering The fibre-optic communication systems of the future er the performance meets specified standards but also Power Electronics will require wideband sources that produce chirp-free to identify the source of the problem and improve Electromagnetics pulses with high extinction ratios at high-repetition Antenna Group communication between companies and their cus- rates. At the Department of Microelectronics, a pulse Computational Group tomers. source has wavelength-tunable, robust and works at Bioelectromagnetic Group Signal processing tools applied to voltage and cur- Non-linear Electrodynamics 40 GHz with RZ data. The work has been presented rent measurements can provide the means of achiev- Transport Theory in Electronics Letters and written about in WDM Microelectronics ing faster, more accurate and more in-depth analysis Solutions. Solid State Electronics of the large databases generated by these pro- Photonics grammes. Since 1998, co-operation has been estab- MScEng degrees awarded: Microwave Electronics lished between the Signals & Systems and Electrical Electrical Engineering 135 Radio and Space Science Computer Science and Engineering 68 Signals and Systems Power Engineering departments. The general scope of Imaging and Image Analysis this joint work is the development of tools for auto- Research degrees awarded: Information Theory matic analysis of power quality measurements. Two Licentiates 42 Communication Systems PhDs 20 PhD projects and a number of MSc projects were Circuit Design Referee-examined scientific articles 396 Medical Electronics launched with sponsor companies and research insti- Revenue (SEK m) 344 Control Engineering tutes such as ABB, Gothenburg Energy Network Number of employees 362 Signal Processing (Sweden) and SINTEF Energy Research (Norway).

40 “China Sky” project Of the world’s ten most polluted cities in terms of air quality, three are in China. One of the biggest problems in Chinese cities is photochemical smog, which arises in conjunction with reactions between nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbons under the influence of solar light. Within AGS, the “China Sky” project is being run to measure air pollutant levels using DOAS (Differen- tial Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) technology. A The DOAS system being demonstrated for Fudan University and the Environment Protection Bureau in Shanghai. lamp sends UV light through the air along a one- kilometre route, and with the aid of a spectrometer, an analysis is made of how the spectrum is changed when the light passes through the air. In doing so, it is possible to determine the levels of different substances, e.g. ozone and sulphur dioxide. One of the aims of the project is to set up 500 instruments in some Environmental one hundred cities in China. To minimise the cost, the instruments will be based as far as possible on Chinese technology, developed at Chalmers together with vis- Sciences Dean Oliver Lindqvist iting researchers from China. The project has now The School of Environmental entered a phase where the prototypes are being test- of researchers have been brought together in interdis- Sciences is a so-called intangible school, made up ed on site in China. The project is part of Global En- ciplinary groups to work with companies and organ- of a network of researchers and PhD students at all the vironmental Measurement Engineering within the isations to solve environmental problems that prevent Chalmers schools. The Chalmers Environmental Initiative and is being run sustainable development. School of Environmental Sciences collaborates with in collaboration with Göteborg University, MIT in Göteborg University through Boston, the University of Heidelberg and Fudan Youth Environmental Summit the joint organisation GMV, Göteborg Centre for University in Shanghai. “An excellent opportunity to learn more about global Environment and environmental issues and at the same time make con- Sustainability. Alliance for Global Sustainability, AGS tact with students from all over the world”, says Ste- Affiliated to the School of For the past ten years Chalmers has been involved in fan Ahlman, a PhD student at the Department of Environmental Sciences: extensive environmental research financed by the Water Environment Transport, when asked about the at Chalmers: Teachers and Chalmers Foundation, which has led to considerable annual AGS course, Youth Environmental Summit researchers 92 width and depth in this field of research, particularly (YES), held in Braunwald, Switzerland. Together with Doctoral students 40 within environmental systems analysis. This highly ten other PhD students and engineers from Chalmers Through Göteborg Centre for Environment and successful work is one of the reasons why in May 2001 he took part in the summit during the summer and Sustainability (GMV) at Chalmers became a member of the Alliance for Glo- discussed global issues related to the environment and Göteborg University: bal Sustainability (AGS). This is a collaborative organ- sustainable development together with students from Teachers and researchers 108 isation focusing on global environmental research 25 countries. The focus was on key issues for the fu- Doctoral students 62 between, at present, four prominent universities (the ture in engineering, science, social science and eco- other members are MIT in Boston, ETH in Zürich nomics. As a result of participation in YES, a student and the University of Tokyo). Within the framework organisation within AGS has been set up at Chalmers: of the AGS collaborative projects, international teams the World Student Community (WSC).

41 tries involved. Within the framework of this network, an international conference was held in Göteborg in Mathematical June 2001, attended by more than 100 participants from throughout Europe and the rest of the world. and Computing Better solutions for distributed systems Since the late 1980s a shift has taken place from stand- alone systems to distributed systems. A distributed Sciences system consists of several computing devices (computers, simple processors or special devices, such as Harmonic analysis mobile phones), physically separated but connected Dean Jan Smith The basic idea of harmonic analysis is to split an un- via a network. Examples include: multiprocessor com- Departments and known phenomenon into oscillations of various fre- puters, the WWW, telecom systems, stock markets, ve- subject areas of the School hicle sensors and activators. Distributed systems con- (CHALMERS/GU): quencies, describe what happens for one frequency at a time, and then put them all together again to obtain sist of several layers and can be quite complex. They Computing Sciences Mathematics a description of the whole phenomenon. This produc- are managed by distributed protocols which present Mathematics/ es highly efficient methods for dealing with a wide consistent and simple images of the system to the user Applied Mathematics variety of problems, which in mathematical terms cor- and which respond dynamically to failures (software, Mathematical Statistics respond to partial differential equations. hardware, intrusions) and to system changes, e.g. MScEng Degrees awarded: Activity in this field of mathematics is intense, both changes in the number of users or components. (The courses at the School are part generally and at the School of Mathematics and Com- The Distributed Computing and Systems research of other schools’ programmes) puting Sciences at Chalmers. One of the objects being group works primarily on algorithms and protocols Research degrees studied here is the so-called Ornstein-Uhlenbeck for communication networks, multiprocessor and awarded (of which GU): Licentiates 13 (1) semi-group, which corresponds to an analogue of the real-time systems and on distributed environments PhDs 13 (5) heat equation. Here the underlying measure is a for computer-supported co-operative work. The Referee-examined Gaussian measure, known from the normal distribu- group has designed dynamic and efficient distributed scientific articles 79 tions of probability theory. By extending the time algorithms for sharing resources in cellular networks. Revenue (SEK m) 192 (51) parameter to complex numbers, a new and sharp These algorithms are highly fault-tolerant in compar- Number of employees 296 (52) theorem about multipliers for this semi-group has ison with previous solutions. The group has also pre- been found, as well as estimates for related “maximal sented several basic synchronisation protocols, which The research network ”Harmonic Analysis” operators”. can be used in high performance parallel-computers brought together some This has taken place within the “Harmonic Anal- to allow better collaboration between the distributed hundred participants from ysis” research network, co-ordinated from Göteborg, processes of the system. These protocols outperform all over the world for a conference in Göteborg. supported by the EU and with seven European coun- the best solutions in the existing literature.

42 Five ‘hot’ projects Laboratory equipment for erosion corrosion testing. The Department of Materials Science and Engineer- ing is running five PhD projects in the field of high- temperature corrosion. The projects are being run in close collaboration with industry and are supported by the Competence Centre for High Temperature Corrosion (HTC). In co-operation with the Depart- ments of Energy Engineering and Thermo and Fluid Dynamics, field studies and controlled laboratory studies are being conducted dealing with erosion corrosion in conjunction with combustion in a fluidising bed. Corrosion mechanisms are mapped by character- ising the chemical composition and surface topogra- phy of the material surfaces. In a licentiate thesis, increased oxide growth has been demonstrated in erosion-affected, high-temperature materials as a result of defect formation in the oxide layer. Another study of erosion corrosion-resistant coatings has resulted in new methodology for mapping the adhesive features of different layers.

Future electronics production The Department of Electronics Production is part of an SSF graduate school in Electronics Production, E- PROPER, which conducts research into: – modelling and simulation of new construction methods for microelectronics, – reliability modelling and characterisation of Mechanical manufacturing methods for microelectronics production of the future, with lead-free solder and electrically-conducting adhesive. Engineering The department is involved in two EU-funded programmes, one for the production of a new concept for strain measurement of microsystem products in real Dean Lennart Josefson time and one for the production of an in-line micro- Departments and hardening process for conducting adhesive for smart- Numerical hydromechanics divisions of the School: card production. The research is supported by major Whilst cars and aircraft are mass-produced the major- Electronics Production Applied Mechanics companies such as Ericsson Radio Systems and Hi- ity of ships are unique, which presents demands for Energy Technology tachi Chemicals in Japan. short production times and effective planning tools. Machine and Traditionally, time-consuming and costly model test- Vehicle Systems Materials Science and Recycling of construction plastics ing is used. Key features such as noise, vibrations, Engineering In a research project at the Department of Materials wave surge effects, ocean characteristics and manoeu- Naval Architecture and Engineering, the potential for improving the qualities vrability are examined more seldom. Using numeri- Ocean Engineering Product and of recycled construction plastics (e.g. polyamide, poly- cal methods, time and cost can be reduced with bet- Production Development carbonate and ABS) is being examined. Recycled plas- ter optimisation of the vessel concept. The Depart- Thermo and Fluid Dynamics tic materials often contain different types of plastics ment of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering MScEng degrees awarded: that generally cannot be mixed, thus presenting prob- has for a long time been developing numerical meth- Mechanical Engineering 150 lems when recycling. In this project alloy technology ods for calculating the hydrodynamic features of the Automation Engineering 43 has been used to increase the mixing capability and vessel. The calculations have already been replaced by Research degrees awarded: improve the mechanical features of the mixed con- systematic testing at an early stage in the planning Licentiates 33 struction plastics. This has been demonstrated using process. Accuracy and the mathematical models need PhDs 24 mixtures of recycled construction plastics from dis- to be improved, particularly with regard to turbu- Referee-examined scientific articles 272 mantled Volvo cars. lence. Revenue (SEK m) 306 Number of employees 315

43 Nanotubes made of carbon are fascinating research groups all over the world. One of the reasons for this is their unique electrical, mechanical and chemical features. Dependence on the order of the atoms in a tube can be either semi-conducting or metallic. The hollow space in the centre of the tube can be filled and the image shows an example of carbon tubes filled with iron. They were manufactured at the University of Sussex and are now being examined at Chalmers. Physics and Dean Mats Jonson Divisions and research groups at the School (CHALMERS/GU): Applied Physics Engineering Physics Chemical Physics Condensed Matter Physics New course programme Chalmers decided to initiate a centre of excellence for Condensed Matter Theory A new study specialisation has been established at the material analysis. Since September 1, 2001, Professor Materials and Surface Theory Surface Physics School of Physics and Engineering Physics entitled Eva Olsson has been the head of the Centre with sci- Astronomy & Astrophysics “Bioengineering physics”. The students first study a entific responsibility. The purpose is to co-ordinate Experimental Physics number of basic courses, after which they can choose materials analysis expertise and equipment in order Atomic Physics to pursue one of the following directions to promote materials research, development and Electronic Structure of Condensed Matter – Biomaterials and biosensors analysis, both at the university and in industry. The Environmental Physics – Bioelectronics aim is to stimulate materials research through the Materials Physics Microscopy and Microanalysis – Molecular biophysics skilled use of analytical techniques and to encourage Molecular Physics interdisciplinary work. Solid State Physics National biomaterials research Subatomic Physics programme Materials Science and Microelectronics Microelectronics and Nanoscience The national biomaterials research programme is run Researchers at the School are leading or participat- Applied Semiconductor Physics by the SSF graduate school in Materials Science at ing in several national research programmes in the Applied Solid State Physics Applied Quantum Physics Chalmers/GU and is funded by SSF. This interdiscipli- field of materials and microelectronics. In the Quan- Liquid Crystal Physics nary programme covers the study and development tum Components and Nano-science programme, led Physical Electronics and of materials used in medical equipment and of other by Professor Robert Shekter and with participants Photonics SIMS Laboratory materials used in contact with biological systems, e.g. from microelectronics and nanoscience as well as Physical Resource Theory biosensors. The programme is open to doctoral stu- applied physics, research is being conducted into new Reactor Physics dents, industry representatives and research institutes. materials and technologies focusing on applications in Theoretical Physics and Mechanics Starting this year, fourth-year students from the fac- quantum electronics and possible quantum comput- Elementary Particle Physics ulties of engineering, medicine, odontology and sci- ers of the future. The spotlight is on physical phenom- Mathematical Physics ence can take part. ena that appear on the nanometre scale and progress Solid State Theory has been made across a broad spectrum, from theo- MScEng degrees awarded: New centre for materials analysis retical work to the invention of a primary thermom- Engineering Physics 67 Research degrees Several foresight studies have been carried out in eter for which a patent has already been applied. In awarded (of which GU): Europe, Japan and the USA to identify research fields theory, it has been demonstrated that electrical and Licentiates 19 (8) that are of significance to the development of socie- mechanical features on the nano-level are linked in a PhDs 28 (8) ty and industry. Materials and materials technology new way. The invention is based on a temperature- Referee-examined scientific articles 316 were found to be key issues. Material research has dependent blockade – the Coulomb blockade – of the Revenue (SEK m) 302 (77) also been identified as a strategic field of research at current through a two-dimensional structure made up Number of employees 387 (80) Chalmers. In order to promote materials research, of “tunnel transfers”.

44 Technology Management

and Economics Dean Mats Johansson Departments of the School: New structure in Operations Management the undergraduate programme and Work Organisation The task of the School of Technology Management ed low environmental impact. Potential logistics de- Industrial Dynamics Industrial Management and Economics is to conduct research and educate velopment within e-trade is mapped and analysed and Economics students in how technology interacts with its econom- from three different perspectives: Industrial Marketing ic and social context. This approach has permeated the – the perspective of the logistics company and the Innovation Engineering and Management development of the undergraduate programme with- physical flows and information structures, Project Management – the goods owner’s perspective, with a focus on in the so-called IKON-project (IKON is the Swedish Service Management the market channel, acronym of the School of Technology Management Technology and Society and Economics programme ‘Quality and New Devel- – the environmental perspective, which cuts across Total Quality Management the two preceding perspectives and includes the Transportation and opment’). The project aims to create a new education interests of society. Logistics structure with a focus on lifelong learning through The results show that it is interest groups among sup- continuous reflection and evaluation. This five-year MScEng degrees awarded: pliers and purchasers who benefit most from e-trade. programme, which started in autumn 2001, offers a Industrial Engineering and For logistics companies there is an emerging channel Management 61 solid knowledge base and considerable potential for for incorporating substitute products on new markets. Research degrees awarded: individualisation. The programme focuses on group Existing companies and brand names, which use e- Licentiates 4 work and situation-adapted integration of language, trade as a complement to their normal sales, are PhDs 5 communication and methodology. It is concluded with among those who use this distribution channel most Referee-examined an international MSc programme, which is open to scientific articles 86 efficiently. engineers from the School and other Swedish and Revenue (SEK m) 107 international students. Number of employees 113 There is a considerable emphasis on building up content with a common theme, which can be developed by engineers, teachers and programme management. It has resulted in work being done as a teaching team, which produces the resources in co-operation with the engineers, and also in a new system for continuous course evaluation within the framework of the Chalmers focus on pedagogical development.

Development of doctoral programmes During the year, the School also started a change project within the doctoral programmes with the aim of clarifying the School’s profile areas. As is the case for undergraduate education, there is a stronger international perspective in the doctoral programme. There is also a focus on reinforcing the links between undergraduate programmes, doctoral programmes and research.

Research into e-trade E-trade and logistics implications are the subject of a major project being run jointly by three Swedish universities of technology and with active participation Company stands filled the entrance hall of the by a number of companies, including Danzas, Kontor- School of Technology Management and Economics ab, Luna, SCA, Schenker, Tetra Pak and Volvo. The during the 2001 ‘labour market days’. aim is to increase knowledge of logistics systems for e-trade and create efficient systems with demonstrat-

45 Chalmers Lindholmen Chalmers Lindholmen University College is a wholly- the market and both MSc and doctoral programmes owned subsidiary with responsibility for BScEng, BSc are being planned within the maritime sector. There President Bernt Rönnäng and nautical programmes as well as the engineering is also a focus on maritime engineering research, spe- Departments at Chalmers Lindholmen preparatory year. The School of Continuing and Pro- cialising in safety at sea and logistics, through the es- Applied Building and fessional Learning at Chalmers Lindholmen Univer- tablishment of professorships. Civil Engineering sity College offers companies continuing and profes- Interest in maritime studies has fallen. The local Chemical Engineering sional development programmes for engineers and admissions procedure attracted 442 applicants (471). Electrical and naval officers. Research at Chalmers Lindholmen is There has, however, been considerable interest in this Computer Engineering Language and based on problems encountered in an industrial en- year’s new programme, Shipping and Logistics, which Communication vironment. Chalmers Lindholmen has 2,200 (2,090) leads to a BSc degree. Some 50 new students were Mathematics students and 177 (170) employees. Turnover in 2001 admitted. Mechanical Engineering was SEK 190 million (163). The Marine Engineering and Master Mariner pro- School of Continuing and Professional Learning grammes have been adapted to international require- School of Maritime Studies School of Engineering ments with effect from 2001. In-service programmes At the School of Engineering the students not only for master mariners are run continuously. An addi- gain technical expertise but also develop their own tional element has been the further education of staff creative and communicative talents. During their time within the Navy, who today require civil authorisation Programmes and specialisations at the university many students have the opportuni- in conjunction with international voyages. BSc degrees in ty to develop contacts with industry. The majority of The number of graduates in 2001 was 78 (54) for Building and Civil Engineering the course programmes include industrial placements the Master Mariner programme and 27 (16) for the Building Technology with and 95% of the theses are written at the request of Marine Engineering programme. Business Strategy and companies. Entrepreneurship Despite the fact that the number of applicants for Chemical Engineering The icebreaker Atle Electrical Engineering the country’s university engineering programmes has functioned during the Computer Engineering continued to fall, Chalmers Lindholmen has managed autumn as both teaching premises and accommo- Mechanical Engineering well in the face of stiff competition. In autumn 2001, dation for the students at Mechatronics Engineering 536 students (563) began the BScEng and BSc pro- the School of Maritime Studies. Maritime Studies grammes. Particular efforts have been made during BSc in Nautical Science the year to increase the number of degrees awarded. BSc in Marine Engineering The number of students on the engineering prepar- BSc in Shipping and Logistics atory programme increased to 248 (180) through the Diploma of Commercial Management and Organisation new engineering preparatory programme, which in Nautical Science started during the spring. Certificate – Deck Officer Class VII Pedagogical issues and types of examination were the subject of intensive development. Insight into the University Diploma in major significance of a good start to university stud- Marine Engineering Nautical Science ies for future success has been the guiding principle Applied Industrial for the work done for the students during their first Manufacturing term. Applied Building Technology As part of increased internationalisation, a new Courses MSc programme will start in the autumn of 2002 in In- Engineering Preparatory Year ternational Project Management, run in collaboration with the University of Northumbria in Newcastle in School of Continuing and the UK. The Business Strategy and Entrepreneurship Professional Learning programme, which leads to a BSc degree, will be run The School of Continuing and Professional Learning Degrees awarded: Total number 463 in English during its third academic year, starting in offers engineers, technicians and marine officers al- BScEng 266 the autumn of 2002. Foreign students are welcome to ready employed an opportunity for continued educa- Master Mariner 78 join the programme and spend their final year at tion. This is done by defining the specific needs of the Marine Engineering 27 Chalmers Lindholmen. individual company and by identifying future require- Other programmes 92 ments regarding expertise. During the year, the School of Maritime Studies School of Continuing and Professional Learning Referee-examined scientific articles 8 The School of Maritime Studies at Chalmers Lindhol- worked to involve all schools through co-operation men is on its way to becoming a national centre for agreements in building up Chalmers’ investment in Revenue (SEK m) 190 Number of employees 177 training and research in the maritime sector. The pro- continuing and professional learning. A number of grammes have been developed to meet the needs of agreements have already been signed.

46 During the year activities within CHOICE (Chalmers Open Industry Courses in Engineering) were incorporated into the School of Continuing and Profession- al Learning, further reinforcing the pedagogical scope for training people working in industry. CHOICE has, for example, been engaged by Volvo and has produced distance learning courses for development engineers in the automotive industry. Together with the Scandinavian Center for Main- tenance Management (SCEMM) a 45-point programme in maintenance engineering, specialising in economics, has been developed. This is the most extensive commissioned training assignment to date for the School of Continuing and Professional Learning. In addition, a general agreement has been signed with the Swedish Maritime Administration for training in nautical English for 80 people during the period 2001- Karl and Martin 2004. The sales targets for this year have not been achieved as a result of the general economic situation. Several training assignments have been postponed found their place and will be run during 2002. The turnover for the A place to meet, a social interface, also for those who are not involved in any particu- School of Continuing and Professional Learning for lar association. According to the two student representatives we met on a grey day in 2001 was SEK 8.3 million (10.5). January, with the wind howling along the quays, this is high on the list of requests from Research and development students at Chalmers Lindholmen. R&D at Chalmers Lindholmen is based primarily on “Somewhere where people can meet in a relaxed way after lectures and where it problems related to industry in six different profile could be possible to arrange pub evenings or parties. This is obviously needed on areas: this side of the river. It is quite a long way to the new Student Union building,” says – Data communication: The CHANEL research Karl Wägander, chairman of the BScEng section and a prospective electrical engineer. project and the new data communication “Why not a floating facility that can make use of the very special waterside location?” laboratory, remote control of processes, This is something that appeals to Martin Hartler, deputy chairman of the Maritime monitoring, systems-adapted fault protection, section of the Student Union. He is in his fourth and final year of the maritime engi- image transfer systems and user-friendliness. neering programme.

– Chemical processes: Studies from a systems “For us students at the School of Maritime Studies there are other meeting places engineering point of view founded on broad- although a meeting point for all students here at Chalmers Lindholmen would natural- based chemical and chemical engineering ly be a good thing,” he says. “Otherwise most things function very well for the students. expertise. They like their university. The Lindholmen campus has reinforced its position in rela- – Processing engineering: Chalmers Waterjet Lab tion to ‘big brother’ in town. Even on the student union level there is an interest in processes very hard materials, e.g. steel and looking after Chalmers Lindholmen. This has not always been obvious.” modern design ceramics, using abrasive water cutting engineering. “The biggest reason is perhaps that the whole area has proved to be attractive and – Mechatronics. ‘hot’,” says Karl. “We have definitely something to contribute. Another contribution to – Visualisation engineering. improving communication with students on the other side of the river is the fact that a student union board representative, the so-called Head of Training at Lindholmen, was – Safety and logistics in shipping. based here during the autumn. This has proved highly successful and is much appreci- In addition, research is being conducted in several ated. There will be a similar arrangement in the future.” other areas of engineering, such as the SCeNDT At the request of the President, Bernt Rönnäng, a new and much-longed-for course project, which works with a research group on non-de- evaluation system was produced during the year by a working group made up of structive testing and, through the technically broad faculty and student representatives. “Smart Buildings” project, a study is being conducted in how new technology (e.g. communication, data- “It is of course an important sign of quality for the College to have an evaluation base, sensor and control engineering) can be used to system that functions and is accepted by everyone. The students are more inclined develop building automation. to become actively involved,” says Martin. Commissioned research has increased during the There is a great deal of interest in Chalmers Lindholmen within local industry. There year. The aim is that within four years it should ac- are, for example, industry representatives on the programme councils who function as count for more than 10% of the total turnover. The a “thermometer” for the labour market. Generally, Karl and Martin view the close number of researchers increased during the year to 29 contact with companies positively and they themselves are very optimistic about the (24). future. They know that they will be in demand.

47 MC2 Microtechnology

Director Olof Engström Number of employees 20 Centre A good deal of the equipment that was previously located in different clean rooms around Chalmers has been transferred to the MC2 process laboratory. This includes a machine for electron beam epitaxy, equipped for gallium arsenide and related materials, as well as laser ablation equipment for the production of high-temperature superconductors. With the equipment that has now been installed at MC2’s process laboratory, processing can be carried out in silicon technology, micromechanics, lasers using III-V technology, high speed components using III-V and silicon carbide technology, as well as on su- perconducting and liquid crystal components. With the lithography equipment, including standard optical and two electron beam machines, there is great potential for creating patterns for different purposes on scales down to quantum structures in the nanometre range. MC2’s process laboratory has now been built up to a highly competitive international level. To maintain safety and ensure efficiency in the process laboratory, all prospective users must undergo a clean room course. So far, over 200 users have been qualified to use the laboratory. At present, the MC2 building is populated mainly by researchers from the Schools of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics and Engineering Physics as well as small groups from the School of Chemical Engineering conducting research in bioelectronics. The latter group has been awarded funds to create a national scientific research centre within With the new electron beam The process laboratory at MC2 was opened for use bioelectronics, financed by SSF. The expansion of the lithography machine in MC2’s during the summer after the majority of the process premises for these purposes has been planned accord- process laboratory, structures with dimensions down to 10-20 equipment had been installed. Among these is a new ingly. There has been considerable interest from in- nm can be imaged on up to machine for lithography which uses an electron beam dustry in establishing operations in conjunction with 300 mm diameter substrates. The machine is used in a broad to potentially create pattern resolutions of less than MC2, which has led to the opening of a building in the spectrum of projects ranging ten nanometres. At present, the machine is unique in Vasa area in collaboration with Chalmers University from micro-, nano- and the university world, putting MC2 in a good position of Technology Properties AB. bioelectronics, to physics and chemistry. It is located in a in the face of international competition. The purchase Industrial collaboration has had a promising start. special Class 1 area of the was financed through both the Knut and Alice Wal- At the end of 2001 Philips Semiconductors, one of the clean room where a temperature stability of ± 0,1°C lenberg Foundation and the Chalmers University of world’s leading suppliers of electronic components, is maintained at all times. Technology Foundation. Funds from the former foun- decided to move the company’s development of sili- dation were also used to purchase new ovens for sil- con carbide transistors to MC2. Philips is closing down icon wafers with diameters of 150 mm, plasma-etch- a research facility in New York and moving the equip- ing equipment, as well as equipment for the prepara- ment to the new clean room at MC2. Alongside a tion of components containing liquid crystals. number of smaller undertakings, a major contract has been signed with Cellectricon AB, a spin-off company specialising in bioelectronics.

48 Onsala Space Observatory Centre for Astrophysics and enter the northern hemisphere winter and the com- Space Science ing spring season Odin is poised to help study ozone The Centre for Astrophysics and Space Science was loss at our latitudes. created in January 2001. It comprises the Department of Radio and Space Science (School of Electrical and The SEST Imaging Bolometer Array, Computer Engineering), the Department of Astron- SIMBA omy and Astrophysics (School of Physics and Engi- A long-awaited new instrument, a 37-channel bolo- neering Physics), and the Onsala Space Observatory. meter array, was installed on the Swedish ESO Sub- The latter is the Swedish National Facility for Radio millimetre Telescope, SEST, in July 2001. It operates Astronomy and operates two telescopes at Onsala at a wavelength of 1.3 mm and is the first imaging and a third, SEST, in collaboration with the Europe- millimetre instrument in the southern hemisphere. In The rocket with Odin on board lifts off from the Svobodny an Southern Observatory, on the Chilean site of La order to achieve the highest possible level of sensitiv- Cosmodrome. Silla, located at an altitude of 2,300 m. ity, it is cooled to only 0.3 degrees above absolute zero. Radiation at millimetre wavelengths is emitted mostly Successful launch of Odin from cold dust and ionised gas in a variety of objects On February 20, 2001, the satellite Odin was success- in the Universe. SIMBA opens up the possibility of de- fully launched from the Svobodny Cosmodrome in tecting new stars before they emerge from their co- Russia. Odin was placed in an orbit around the Earth coon of obscuring dust. It may even be used to search and after some initial problems it began delivering sci- for discs of cold dust around nearby stars in which Director Roy Booth entific data. The satellite is the result of more than 10 planets are being formed. On an entirely different Referee-examined years’ co-operation between scientists and space scale, SIMBA may be used to detect extremely distant scientific articles 24 boards in Sweden, Finland, France and Canada, where galaxies in the early universe. Evidence of such dust- Revenue (SEK m) 39 the Swedish part makes up more than half, and it is enshrouded galaxies may change our ideas about the Number of employees 27 used for astronomical and aeronomical research. epoch of galaxy formation. For these reasons, the new A large part of the payload, with millimetre and sub- instrument is in great demand. millimetre wave receivers, was built by engineers and scientists from Onsala. The figure shows a false colour Odin can now, with its precision antenna, point to image of a well-known high targets in space with a level of accuracy greater than mass star formation complex NGC 6334 at a distance of 0.005 degrees, and the receiver system is working well. 5,500 light years. We see an Among the new astronomical results are water va- emerging star in the south and pour observations towards the star-forming region a northern source, which is still buried in dust, as well as a Orion, which have clearly detected radiation from remarkable dust lane crossing the entire image. shocked H2O. When a newborn star blows out a strong stellar wind, gas is heated up and the water concentration is increased substantially through shock chemistry. Radiation from the water molecules cools down the heated gases. Odin has also begun its atmospheric measurement programme. In particular, special measurements were made in July which exploited Odin’s unique capability to observe the distribution of water vapour in the 50-90 km region in the atmosphere. Several co-ordinated measurement campaigns with balloon flights from France and Esrange have also been performed to collect validation data. At the time of writing Odin was making measurements of ozone and chlorine compounds in the Antarctic ozone hole region. As we

49 Information Chalmers Library Chalmers Library provides library and information students. There are extensive collections of printed

Library Director Jan Rohlin services within the fields of engineering and natural material and experienced librarians who can provide sciences, primarily for Chalmers University of Tech- advice and help. This is also where the majority of the Number of library nology, the Göteborg University Faculty of Science library’s courses in, among other things, information visitors 502 881 and the IT University at Lindholmen. The library also skills take place. A study room specially equipped for Opening hours per week 69 (when extended, per week) 77 serves customers within the public sector and indus- the functionally disabled – mainly people suffering Local loans 47 303 try as well as members of the general public. A large from dyslexia – was opened during the year. Distance loans/copies 22 459 range of periodicals and books are available within 2316 New books purchased the subject areas covered at Chalmers, both in digital Adaptation to amended study patterns Periodicals, printed 1879 and printed form. The trend in recent years is for students to pursue a Electronic, full-text periodicals through the Chalmers large proportion of their studies on the Chalmers network 4500 The virtual library campus itself. Despite the fact that the number of Electronic databases through the Chalmers network 160 The library is being used more and more via the vir- study places on campus has increased there is still Downloaded full-text tual library, which can be accessed on the web considerable pressure on study places at the main li- periodicals > 250 000 (www.lib.chalmers.se) and which makes a large brary. 400 000 Database searches > number of the library functions accessible at each Modern education techniques, with project and Participants, information retrieval courses 2993 workplace at Chalmers. essay work, often presuppose group work and library Number of employees 67 The virtual library currently offers around 4,500 support in the gathering of information. This trend is periodicals in digital form, a number of powerful ref- international and libraries are developing into ‘learn- erence databases and an increasing number of books ing resource centres’ for students whilst researchers – mainly reference books. have their library support needs satisfied mainly For users outside the Chalmers computer network, through the virtual library at the workplaces. the library established links during 2001 with a Awareness of resources, insight into how they are number of publishers with periodical or reference structured and the skills in using them – so-called in- databases accessible on a pay-as-you-use basis. The formation competence – is knowledge that is of vital links have also been introduced to various commer- significance to the engineers and present and future cial suppliers of article copies, offering a valuable researchers. The Chalmers Library has for a long time service to external library-users. been on the international frontline in the teaching of The virtual library is supplemented by a highly information expertise on different levels. It is the li- efficient library service in the traditional, central library’s ambition that this teaching will become a more brary building, which also offers study places for the integral part of all the programmes.

50 Working environment and safety

Improving the working environment The work being done at present to improve the working environment involves very strict demands with regard to risk assessment and risk inventory. To meet these demands, work has commenced at one school to pinpoint risks in day-to-day operations (does, for example, research into genetically-modified organisms require new routines from a working environment point of view?). Preventive measures regarding exhaustion depres- sions have continued in the form of a psychosocial questionnaire, which is a tool used to monitor the current status in each manager’s area of responsibility (e.g. department) where work continues in groups with the three issues that are of most importance. This approach has been adopted at a number of schools. An evaluation is in progress regarding the work within the school co-ordination groups. This work, which has been in progress for one and a half years, has led to a centralisation of issues related to the working environment, equality and co-determination. Extensive work was done during the year to ensure With effect from December 2001, the central co-ordi- that Chalmers meets all the detailed laws and rules in nation group also became an equality committee. This the environmental field. One example of this is the means that working environment and equality issues build-up of advanced operations at MC2, where safe- are dealt with within one forum along with operating ty work on the very highest level has been done dur- issues. ing the past year. This work has had a positive impact The task of improving accessibility for wheelchair- on the environmental work throughout the whole of bound people in existing buildings on the Chalmers Chalmers. campus has commenced in co-operation with Akad- Two environmental projects, which were started in emiska Hus. Accessibility for everyone is a central 2001 and which will be completed during 2002, are the issue in both reconstruction and new construction. expansion of a modern, environmentally-correct waste-handling system in co-operation with Chalmers Environmental objectives University of Technology Properties and a skills- Chalmers has been running a project for a couple of enhancing training programme for the technical years aimed at putting into practice its extremely rich administration staff. environmental and sustainability policy. Ten environmental objectives were adopted during 2001 and work Safety co-ordination is in progress to implement them optimally. One ex- Within the field of safety co-ordination, injury preven- ample is the competition run during the year to see tion work has been prioritised. how the environmental load generated by travelling Within the IT department an IRT (Incident Re- to and from work could be reduced. Students and sponse Team) has been set up to work with the pre- employees have sent in over 200 proposals, which will vention and investigation of undesired events within be evaluated. the IT area.

51 Recruitment People and Some 100 positions were advertised during 2001. This is almost a 50% fall compared with 1999. The advertisements were for one professorship (17 during know-how 2000), nine associate professorships/lectureships (17) and six assistant professorships (16). Advertisements The total number of employees at Chalmers as of are being placed to a large extent on the Internet and

Personnel, quality and December 31, 2001 was 2,552, or 2,445 calculated as in specialist periodicals. Applicant availability is in the development full-time positions. Of these, Chalmers Lindholmen majority of cases quite good. had 182 employees, or 177 calculated as full-time positions. There is also the subsidiary company Projects Chalmers University of Technology Properties AB, A number of projects were implemented during the with 17 employees. Compared with the previous year, year. One of these took the form of changes in rou- the number of employees calculated as full-time po- tines and more efficient administration of the doctoral sitions has fallen by 45, of whom 35 were technical and student positions. Another gave a clearer picture of administrative personnel. Teaching and research per- the recruitment process and a clearer policy, particu- sonnel accounted for 64% of the total number of larly in international recruitment. employees. At the end of 2001, Chalmers had 141 professors, Equality of whom 10 were women. This is an increase of 10 men The internal and external debate on equality at and one woman compared with the previous year. The Chalmers has continued. To bring greater depth to this increase can be attributed to new recruitment and equality work, a “gender philosopher” has been em- promotion. The number of doctoral students has fall- ployed on a project basis, charged with the task of en to 715 (728) whilst the number of assistant profes- examining operational and policy documents from an sors is roughly the same as the preceding year. equality and gender point of view. The work has re- During 2000, 77 people accepted contractual ear- sulted in a critical report, which states that up to now ly retirement and during 2001 a further three persons Chalmers has mainly assessed success in equality accepted such an offer. Approximately one-third of based on the number of women among employees those who accepted have been replaced, which has re- and students. Gender aspects in terms of operational sulted in structural changes. content have been lacking.

The number of employees 60-69 (full-time equivalents) divided 55-59 Personnel changes Personnel, age distribution 45-54 according to personnel Total (Number of women) Number 35-44 category, 1997 to 2001, and 18-34 the age distribution for men 1997 1998 19992000 2001 100 50 Women0 Men 50 100 141 (10) and women in each personnel Professors with a chair category during 2001. 104 (5)

Professors 46 (3) 49 (2)

Associate professors 112 (14) 87 (4)

Lecturers 111 (11) 115 (16)

Assistant professors 108 (27) 86 (19) 58 (4) University lecturers 43 (3)

Engineering lecturers 32 (8) 35 (8)

Others 296 (45) teaching/researching 244 (45)

Technical and maintenance 429 (111) personnel 404 (115) Administrative 439 (361) personnel 392 (335) ✽ A rearrangement in 2000 of the category “Other teaching and 715 (196) research personnel” has meant that Doctoral students 165 480 the Technical personnel and 647 (150) Administrative personnel groups have increased by 21 and 36 full- Total 2248 2323 2482 2490 2445 (Number of women) (698) (717) (770) (796) (794) 794 1651 time positions respectively.

52 A number of initial attempts at incorporating gender To improve the level of quality in the management Chalmers Medal winners The Chalmers Medal has been aspects into undergraduate education have been process, several development programmes with a fo- awarded since 1948 to people made. At the School of Technology Management and cus on groups surrounding the president, deans and who “through their interest and Economics, for example, a gender theory course was heads of department, have either commenced or been valuable work have promoted the activities and development of the run for the first-year students and the School of Elec- completed. The aim of the programmes is to create an University”. trical and Computer Engineering designed a lab arena where the participants can acquaint themselves course that takes into account gender aspects. with and develop strategic processes in an academic The report also highlighted the need to work to environment and to undergo training in team-build- counteract sexual harassment. The management has ing and personal leadership. therefore decided to map the occurrence of such and The University Management Group has com- to train selected persons at all schools during the 2001/ menced a programme to develop both the individual 02 academic year. and the group, with a focus on management of criti- In summary, the equality work at Chalmers has cal strategic issues. The School of Civil Engineering been deepened and is now an obvious item on the has started a leadership development programme agenda. The Student Union and the University are with the strategic process as a learning project. A sim- working together to, step by step, make the study and ilar programme in operational organisation has been working environment more gender-conscious. The run at the School of Mechanical Engineering. At other resistance to change is beginning to be replaced by schools, the departmental management groups have Professor Anders Sjöberg has curiosity and a new approach. been brought into focus as a result of their develop- been awarded the Chalmers ment work. Medal for his work as president from 1989 to 1998 and Personal development Part of the training of the next generation of man- thereafter as chairman of the Following agreement with the personnel organisa- agers at one of the schools involved a group of young board of Chalmers Lindholmen. tions, a group of administrators from all the schools research supervisors being assigned the task of iden- have worked on the development of administrative tifying the challenges faced by the School and to pro- support for core operations. This included a four-day pose ways in which the School could prepare itself to training programme in project administration, aimed meet these challenges. at providing better support for research, which is be- Another project management programme for ac- ing conducted more and more in project form. A de- ademics (PAK3) has been run to support young re- velopment process has also commenced where inter- searchers when making the transition from doctoral nal and external trends have been processed to find student to research supervisor. A network for former strategies for the development of the administrative participants has been set up to provide the opportu- support processes. nity to exchange experience across school and depart- Within the local service and the transport logistics mental boundaries. and traffic environment sectors, around 60 persons, both management and non-management, took part in Quality a project to plan organisational development, super- For 2001, Chalmers adopted a quality programme to visor training, language training, computer and envi- promote a culture of ongoing improvement. The pro- Professor Eva Selin Lindgren has been awarded the ronmental training, equality and diversity. Particular gramme focuses on a number of tasks: Chalmers Medal for her role as importance will be attached to the role, responsibili- – Creating conditions for quality enhancement a pioneer and forerunner in the ty, authority and potential of the supervisor. through more clearly-specified operational interdisciplinary environmental prerequisites field, through which she has made a strong contribution to Leadership development – An inventory of current improvement work environmental activities for a – Preparations for the new national evaluations of sustainable society conducted During the year, a number of programmes were run at Chalmers and Göteborg subjects and course programmes. on the departmental level, focusing on leadership: University acquiring an – Strategic leadership aimed to examine the A follow-up of undergraduate education and research international reputation. content and conditions for strategic leadership is being improved through projects run in collabora- and to analyse the implications of being head of tion with other universities. Chalmers’ quality pro- department. gramme was evaluated in 2001/02 and a self-assess- – Personnel-oriented leadership focused on issues ment report was submitted to the National Board of surrounding operational development and the creation of an attractive, creative environment. Universities and Colleges in the autumn. The report contains an account of the changes that have taken – A series of seminars on the theme Human resource responsibility of the head of place since the evaluation in 1998 and also highlights department aimed to clarify responsibility and the quality programme as a whole. The assessment available tools and support resources. group’s report will be presented in spring 2002.

53 New professors

Dan Anderson Sven Engström His main areas are plasma physics, non-linear optics and A special interest has been lipids and the structures these microwave discharges in gases. A special area of interest can give rise to in water. Future activities will focus on is non-linear wave phenomena within these particular areas. understanding the build-up of pharmaceutical preparations Appointed Professor of Electromagnetics on on the molecular and colloidal level as well as new types of Dan Anderson November 1, 2001. pharmaceuticals. Appointed Professor of Pharmaceutical Technology on September 1, 2001. Peter Andrekson A basic aim in his research is to understand the limits of Peter Enoksson optical communication systems and to produce new One of the orientations of his work is biomedical systems, methods to improve performance in these systems. such as an electrode developed specially to monitor EEG Appointed Professor of Photonics on January 1, 2001. activity (brain activity) during operations and a highly- sensitive, low-output accelerometer for pacemaker reconnection. Appointed Professor of Microsystems on Hans-Olof Andrén October 1, 2001. The focus of his work is the microstructure in metallic materials as well as electronic materials such as semiconductors and superconductors. He has built an Per Fahlén Peter Andrekson atom sensor, which permits analysis of all types of atoms. His research has focused mainly on measurement Appointed Professor of Physics on July 1, 2001. techniques, cooling and heating pump technology, heat recycling, ventilation, quality assurance, control and regulation systems and commissioning of buildings. Peter Apell Appointed Professor of Building Services Engineering on His specific orientation was geometrical effects that have September 1, 2001. an impact on the electromagnetic interchange between atoms, molecules and fixed elements. His main area of interest at present is biological physics. William James Frederick Appointed Professor of Physics on July 1, 2001. He intends to develop environmentally-sustainable production processes for chemicals, fuels and other materials. Specific interests include the production of these Viktor Berbyuk substances from biomass. Appointed Professor of His research is aimed at understanding the inherent Green Chemistry on August 1, 2001. dynamics in mechanical systems and optimal control and Hans-Olof Andrén design. The future is focused on dynamic analysis, stability and control and the optimisation of controlled, mobile robot Tomas Gustavsson systems. Appointed Professor of Mechanical Systems on His research is directed at the development of digital image July 1, 2001. systems and image analysis, with applications within the biomedical field. Appointed Professor of Imaging and Image Analysis on July 1, 2001. Gunnar Elgered He has concentrated his research on improving measurement uncertainty for space geodetic Essam S. Hamdi measurements with the aid of a radio telescope and the His main research interest is the field of electrical machines satellite-based GPS navigation system. and drive systems. His thesis dealt with a novel con- Appointed Professor of Electrical Measurements on figuration of a composite rotor induction motor for the February 1, 2001. operation of industrial fans. Appointed Professor of Electrical Machines on September 1, 2001. Peter Apell

Viktor Berbyuk Sven Engström Per Fahlén Tomas Gustavsson

Gunnar Elgered Peter Enoksson James Frederick Essam S Hamdi

54 new knowledge

Filip Johnsson Mats Persson His research is focused on re-mixing and flow processes in His research deals with surface physics, particularly the combustion facilities for energy production and in the future description of dynamic processes on surfaces. He has also on new forms of energy technology and systems that contributed to issues surrounding the formation of can reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Appointed hydrogen molecules in space and the manipulation of Professor of Sustainable Energy Systems on July 1, 2001. individual atoms and molecules. Appointed Professor of Eva Olsson Physics on July 1, 2001. Robert Kliger His research deals with the demands made on timber David Sands products, the material and mechanical features of wood His research area is program language semantics and its and the modelling of moisture-induced distortions. applications and the current focus is on computer security. Appointed Professor of Steel and Timber Structures on One aim is to verify statistically whether a program is December 1, 2001. performing according to the prescribed security policy. Appointed Professor of Computing Science on July 1, 2001. Per Larsson-Edefors The aim of his research is the effective design of micro- chips that make maximum use of their potential. Appointed Jonas Sjöberg Professor of Computer Engineering on July 1, 2001. He is interested in methods for model construction, Mats Persson particularly methods for estimating non-linear systems based on measurement data. Future research will be based Mietek Lisak on practically-oriented, industry-related projects that bring His main research areas are plasma physics, non-linear together theory and practice. Appointed Professor of optics and microwave discharges in gases. He has a Mechatronics on September 1, 2001. particular interest in non-linear wave phenomena within these areas. Appointed Professor of Electromagnetics on November 1, 2001. Gunnar Skarnemark His main research interests are the development of new radioactive compounds for cancer therapy and fluid Björn Malbert extraction and its use in the study of actinide and His research deals with the principles of sustainable urban transactinide chemistry and separation and transmutation development. This includes analysis of local conditions and of radioactive waste. Appointed Professor of Nuclear development strategies, related to global development Chemistry on November 1, 2001. David Sands problems, and in the planning and design processes in the built environment. Appointed Professor of Design for Sustainable Urban Development on December 1, 2001. Göran Wahnström His research area can be described as computer- supported condensed material physics, fixed elements and Lars Nyborg the physics of liquids. Other interests are microscopic His interest lies in surface technology problems in modelling of material strength and an atomic description of conjunction with the production and compacting of metal the core formation processes in metal alloys. powders. Appointed Professor of Surface Technology on Appointed Professor of Physics on July 1, 2001. September 1, 2001.

Eva Olsson Her research deals with the study of functional structure in For further information see Jonas Sjöberg electronic materials and circuits using analytical electron http://www.chalmers.se/HyperText/NyaProf-E.html microscopy. Appointed Professor of Experimental Physics on September 1, 2001.

Gunnar Skarnemark Björn Malbert Per Larsson-Edefors Filip Johnsson

Göran Wahnström Lars Nyborg Mietek Lisak Robert Kliger

55 Chalmers campus

Chalmers has been enriched with a new landmark – The careful renovation of the old senior physician’s an award-winning Student Union building which has house has now been completed. This building is a fur- proved to be a valuable addition as a meeting point ther meeting point for students, employees, and past for students and employees and at the same time a pupils and houses Chalmers alumni activities and the new entrance to the external world. With the new Chalmers Alumni Association, Club Avancez. Student Union building, Chalmers has acquired a The so-called Linsen Building, which houses a café, worthy symbol for a living campus and for Chalmers library and study premises for the School of Electri- as a modern, attractive, welcoming university. cal and Computer Engineering, has been completed. If Chalmers’ ambition to be an internationally Continued reconstruction of the School of Electrical leading centre of education and research is to be ful- and Computer Engineering block is estimated to con- filled, attractive, functional study and research envi- tinue through to 2003. A new car park near Gibraltar- ronments are required that will attract both employ- gatan, with 150 parking spaces, was brought into use ees and students. Development of the two Chalmers at the beginning of the year. campuses – Lindholmen and the Chalmers campus in central Göteborg – go hand in hand with the aim of Award-winning additions contributing to Göteborg’s development as a knowl- The students’ new and much longed for Student Un- edge city. Part of this development is the increasing in- ion building was inaugurated in September. A total of tegration of university operations with the City of around 1,500 m 2 have been renovated and rebuilt and Göteborg, the people of Göteborg and industry. This 8,000 m2 are a totally new construction. The Student can take place by opening up the University areas to Union building received excellent recognition in a greater degree to activities directed at the general November for its exciting architecture when the public and by offering premises to companies and or- building was awarded the Kasper Sahlin Prize – the ganisations whose activities touch on the work being foremost architectural award in Sweden. done at Chalmers. In December, the extension of the Chemical En- gineering building was awarded the 2001 Per and Cost of premises in focus Alma Olsson Prize for Good Architecture. During the past year there has been a greater focus on Architects Gert reducing the cost of premises at Chalmers. More ef- Lindholmen campus Wingårdh and Jonas Edblad pictured outside ficient planning of floor space, reduced use of premis- The development of the Lindholmen campus is tak- the award-winning es (termination of contracts) and the renegotiation of ing place in collaboration with Chalmers Lindholmen, Student Union Building rents are the most important means of achieving this. the IT University and Lindholmen Science Park. During 2001, around 7,000 m 2 of floor space have Around 2,000 m2 of premises were brought into use been disposed of as a result of increased costs. The in the autumn when the IT University was started in premises that are released through termination of collaboration with Göteborg University. contracts will be rented out to external companies and organisations, which is in line with the aim of reinforc- Where will everyone live? ing interaction between the university, industry and An urgent issue for Chalmers is access to residential the community. accommodation for students and researchers. Chalm- The total cost of rent and servicing of Chalmers’ ers University of Technology Properties AB is in- premises was SEK 341 million (279) in 2001, equiva- volved in this and has commenced a study of two lent to 17% (15%) of the total Chalmers income. possible on-campus housing projects.

Refurbishment, The external environment conversion and extensions In a regular questionnaire about the Chalmers cam- During the year, 20,000 m 2 of new and rebuilt premis- pus run among employees and students, the need for es were brought into use. This is equivalent to an in- measures to make the external environment more vestment of SEK 345 million. Premises in use at the attractive and more functional has emerged once year-end totalled 250,000 m 2 (240,000). again. The work on creating a clearer infrastructure, Chalmers Lindholmen. more meeting points and more green areas will be prioritised in the next few years.

56 Chalmers University of Technology AB Management

Chalmers Chalmers AB Lindholmen Univ.of Tech. Chalmers- University College AB Properties AB invest and organisation

The board of the Chalmers University of Technology and doctoral programmes. The dean is responsible for Foundation is the supreme decision-making body and the operative management of the school. The school appoints the University board, decides on discharge management team comprises the dean and the dep- from liability and manages the foundation capital. uty deans. The University board is responsible for the over- Chalmers Library has a collection of literature and all planning, co-ordination and follow-up of the Uni- periodicals covering all the University’s subject are- versity’s activities. Under the University board, the as. The library has its own board and is led by the President is responsible for operations as a whole. The Library Director. University Management Group, which is charged with The Onsala Space Observatory is a national re- the task of formulating common strategies, is made up search facility, administered by Chalmers. of the President, the Vice Presidents, the President of Matters relating to the University’s buildings and Chalmers Lindholmen, the deans, the director of ad- properties are handled by Chalmers University of ministration and student representatives. Technology Properties AB. The Faculty Committee is an independent repre- Chalmers Lindholmen sentative body for the Faculty of Engineering and The three-year BScEng programme, the BSc pro- deals with important operational issues on its own gramme, the engineering preparatory year, the nau- initiative. tical courses and the School of Continuing and Pro- Schools and departments fessional Learning are organised within Chalmers Education and research are run on a scientific basis Lindholmen University College, which is a subsidiary. at the University’s 80 departments. Each department IT University, Göteborg is normally led by a head of department. The IT University is a newly-founded international The departments are organised into eight schools, network organisation for education and research corresponding to the eight principal areas of engineer- within the field of information technology and was ing, as well as the School of Environmental Sciences, created in co-operation with Göteborg University. which does not have its own departments. The School of Mathematical and Computing Sciences and the Centres School of Physics and Engineering Physics co-operate The Microtechnology Centre (MC2) has been inaugu- in organisational terms with the Faculty of Natural rated and represents a gathering of forces within the Sciences at Göteborg University. There is also close field of microtechnology. collaboration with Göteborg University in chemical The Corporate Relations Centre (CNLS) markets engineering. The School of Environmental Sciences Chalmers as a partner for industrial renewal, research co-operates organisationally with all the University’s interaction and continuing professional development scientific areas within the Centre for Environment for people working in industry. The Centre for Edu- and Sustainability, which is run jointly with Göteborg cational Development (CPU) is responsible for pro- University. viding central support in educational development Each school has a school board, which is respon- and teacher training. There are six scientific research sible on the strategic level for the planning of the centres at Chalmers, financed by Vinnova and the En- MScEng and MArch programmes and the research ergy Authority.

University Board

Faculty Committee President

Vice-Presidents President’s Office

Director Director Director Dean Library Director Adm. Director

National Microtechnology Onsala Space Nine schools Library Central Competence Centre MC2 Observatory A ED F I K M MD Mi V Administration Centres

57 Chalmers Board of Directors

Chalmers University of Technology AB

Mauritz Sahlin, Chairman of the Board, Director Mårten Carlsson, Deputy Chairman of the Board, Professor, NOVA University Peter Alehammar, Employee Representative SACO, Chalmers Johan Andersson, Student Union Chairman, Chalmers Peter Keresztes, former Student Union Chairman, Chalmers Bahram Atabeyli, Employee Representative ST/ATF, Chalmers Göran Lindahl, Director Mikael Börjesson, deputy, Student Union, Chalmers Solveig Lindström, Municipal Commissioner, Göteborg Agneta Granberg, Municipal Commissioner, Göteborg Anders Skyttebol, Doctoral Student Association, Chalmers Bengt Halse, Director, Saab AB Ann-Sofie Sandberg, Professor, Chalmers Bert-Inge Hogsved, Director, Hogia AB Conny Sjöström, Employee Representative SEKO, Chalmers Peter Jagers, Professor, Chalmers Jan-Eric Sundgren, President, Professor, Chalmers

58 Financial Report Ownership From January 1, 2001, Chalmers has applied the The Chalmers University of Technology Foundation matching principle in full, which means that funds Chalmers University of Technology AB holds all the shares in the company. According to the received to acquire fixed assets are entered as a lia- Reg. no: 556479-5598 Foundation provisions, the Foundation is not permit- bility in the balance sheet. The liability is dissolved in ted to dispose of these shares. The Chalmers Univer- line with the future depreciation of the asset in ques- sity of Technology Foundation has issued an irrevoca- tion. ble capital cover guarantee to the benefit of the com- The Group pany, which at the beginning of the year totalled SEK The Group includes the Parent Company, Chalmers 38 million. During the period the company has re- University of Technology AB (Chalmers), and the ceived a shareholder’s contribution from the Founda- following subsidiaries and second-tier subsidiaries tion amounting to SEK 213 million. The shareholder’s – Chalmers Lindholmen University College AB. contribution is settled within the framework of the – Chalmers University of Technology Properties capital cover guarantee, which has thus been used up. AB, with the subsidiaries Chalmers University The shareholder’s contribution has been received of Technology Properties Lindholmen AB and to cover future depreciation costs within the Univer- Emils Kårhus AB. sity. These depreciation costs have their root in the – AB Chalmersinvest, with the subsidiaries accounting principles applied previously concerning Chalmers Technology Licensing AB, Forskarpatent I Västsverige AB and the contributions to fixed assets, which means that funds dormant subsidiary Elsago AB. received to acquire fixed assets are reported as in- – IT-universitetet i Göteborg AB. come. This accounting principle was used to achieve All the companies in the Group are wholly-owned. agreement with fiscal handling.

Income statement Group ______Parent company ______Total income (SEK 1,000) 2001 2000 2001 2000 Net income 2,015,414 1,937,137 1,782,165 1,767,770 Other operating income 5,745 37,957 –— Total income 2,021,159 1,975,094 1,782,165 1,767,770

Operating expenses Personnel expenses – 1,090,672 – 1,106,350 – 992,305 – 1,016,654 Cost of premises – 319,263 – 278,993 – 303,022 – 277,643 Other external expenses – 435,472 – 431,129 – 408,085 – 401,287 Depreciation of fixed assets – 176,720 – 169,692 – 145,694 – 147,099 Other operating expenses – 12,539 – 11,199 –— Total expenses – 2,034,666 – 1,997,363 – 1,849,106 – 1,842,683

Operating profit/loss – 13,507 – 22,269 – 66,941 – 74,913

Profit/loss from financial investments Loss on participations in associated companies – 1,597 – 821 –— Interest income and similar items 42,529 26,869 39,242 24,918 Interest expense and similar items – 90,425 – 65,464 – 36,680 – 32,939 Profit/loss after financial income and expense – 63,000 – 61,685 – 64,379 – 82,934

Appropriations –– 0 4,931 Tax on profit for the year – 383 – 4,421 00 Deferred tax – 914 279 –—

NET PROFIT/LOSS FOR THE YEAR – 64,297 – 65,827 – 64,379 – 78,003

59 Balance sheet Chalmers University of ASSETS Group ______Parent company ______Technology AB Reg. no: 556479-5598 (SEK 1,000) 31.12.2001 31.12.2000 31.12.2001 31.12.2000 Fixed assets Intangible assets Rental rights and similar rights 1,824 0 –— Goodwill 319 419 –— Total intangible assets 2,143 419 ––

Tangible assets Investment property 951,115 722,489 –— Investment in building adaption 58,624 71,490 58,624 71,490 Equipment and fittings 651,295 607,148 565,694 541,672 Work in progress 33,091 192,924 –— Total tangible assets 1,694,125 1,594,051 624,318 613,162 Financial assets Shares in associated companies 843 2,440 –— Shares in Group companies –—38,100 36,850 Other securities held as fixed assets 26,143 14,867 15 415 Tenant-owner’s rights 1,280 1,280 1,280 1,280 Total financial assets 28,266 18,587 39,395 38,545 Total fixed assets 1,724,534 1,613,057 663,713 651,707

Current assets Inventories 1,109 1,322 1,109 1,242 Current receivables Accounts receivable 79,429 80,476 68,195 63,756 Receivables from Group companies 392,119 165,297 489,963 265,169 Receivables from associated companies 2,390 1,800 –— Prepaid tax 13,788 5,392 14,085 9,674 Other receivables 66,796 70,249 53,627 26,468 Prepaid expenses and accrued income 369,449 274,577 297,771 212,982 Total current receivables 923,971 597,791 923,641 578,049 Short-term investments Interest-bearing investments 340,862 249,509 340,862 249,510 Cash and bank 162,676 278,008 70,037 217,142 Total current assets 1,428,618 1,126,630 1,335,649 1,045,943 TOTAL ASSETS 3,153,152 2,739,687 1,999,362 1,697,650

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES Equity Restricted equity Share capital (150,000 shares at par sek 1,000 each) 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 Restricted reserves 4,418 4,116 –— Statutory reserve —— 500 500 Total restricted equity 154,418 154,116 150,500 150,500 Non-restricted equity Non-restricted reserves 232,033 85,162 –— Profit/loss brought forward —— 484 – 53,513 Shareholders’ contribution received ——213,000 132,000 Group contribution received ——2,800 0 Loss for the year – 64,297 – 65,827 – 64,379 – 78,003 Total non-restricted equity 167,736 19,335 151,905 484 Total equity 322,154 173,451 302,405 150,984 Provisions Provisions for pensions 683,321 627,491 651,539 601,662 Liabilities Long-term liabilities Overdraft facility 41,100 0 —— Loans 566,335 654,918 —— Liabilities to Group companies 393,596 280,000 —— Deferred tax 2,016 1,102 —— Total long-term liabilities 1,003,047 936,020 —— Current liabilities Accounts payable 104,040 103,674 69,379 63,044 Liabilities to Group companies 18,599 15,540 30,386 56,371 Other liabilities 183,685 173,377 165,144 163,658 Accrued expenses and prepaid income 838,306 710,134 780,509 661,931 Total current liabilities 1,144,630 1,002,725 1,045,418 945,004

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 3,153,152 2,739,687 1,999,362 1,697,650

375,568 373,200 00 Pledged assets 12,098 12,254 67,867 57,342 Contingent liabilities 60 Chalmers University of Technology Foundation

The task of the Chalmers University of Technology Foundation is to function as the owner of the Univer- sity as a foundation. This ownership role includes appointing the University Board and the matter of discharge from liability. Duties also include assuming ultimate responsibility for guaranteeing that the Uni- versity discharges its undertakings to the state and other key parties as well as promoting and stimulating the development of Chalmers. The work of the Foundation is funded through the assets of the Foun- dation.

Owner contribution Ownership responsibility means that the Foundation assumes responsibility for the financial strength of Chalmers University of Technology AB. The Founda- tion has therefore made regular shareholder’s contributions, or the equivalent, to the extent required to consolidate the balance sheet of this limited company. The primary reason for these contributions has been the pension undertakings the Foundation took over from the state and the need to establish a reserve for the handling of costs for accrued fixed assets. The Foundation has also been required to cover the structural deficit in the financing, which state universities have been able to cover through public funding. Since 1994, SEK 575 million has been contributed in the form of owner undertakings. The contribution for 2001 was SEK 213 million.

Renewal of Chalmers operations The Foundation contributes through special investments to the renewal of the University’s activities. These investments should be limited in terms of time and should result in operational quality and renewal. The investments should not be in areas for which there is regular funding. The aim should be to achieve joint planning in relation to the University’s other assignments. Since it was founded, the Foundation has invested SEK 1,075 million, of which SEK 247 million was during 2001. Foundation Board Interaction During the financial year the board comprised Sören Mannheimer (chairman), Swedish Universities and Colleges are subject to Gunilla Almgren, Leif Blomqvist, Ingrid Elam, Gunnar Gustafson, Lennart Jeansson (deputy chairman), Märta Johansson, Marianne Nivert, greater expectations and have acquired an increasing- Magnus Rönnmark, Sven-Åke Strandlind and Jan-Eric Sundgren. ly clearer role with regard to the so-called third task, The majority of the board members are appointed by the government. i.e. interaction with the community. This task could One member is appointed by the University students and one by the teaching staff. The President is automatically a member. cover a whole spectrum of tasks, the common denom-

61 inator being that they take place through interaction mental problems. The investments are aimed partic- with society and aim to make the University’s results ularly at environmental system analysis as a basis for and resources available to society in the broad sense solutions to complex problems. The investment is of the word. being made in close collaboration with Göteborg Together with the University, the Foundation has University and with a clear international profile taken initiatives in certain peripheral areas to pro- through the Alliance for Global Sustainability (AGS). mote internal interaction, with a particular focus on Investment in 2001: SEK 11 million the situation in Göteborg and Western Sweden. Biosciences Growth in equity 1994-2001 (SEK million) The investment is aimed, through interaction with Foundation capital, July 1, 1994 1,580 Göteborg University, at building up and developing Indexed according to the CPI 1,685 bioscientific research and education, where condi- Foundation capital, December 31, 2001 2,315 tions exist for international frontline research. The in- Change in real terms, 1994-2001 + 630 vestment covers four areas: bioinformatics, bioimaging, molecular biotechnology and biophysical chem- Foundation payments, investments and shareholder istry. Biophysical chemistry includes bioelectronics, contributions, 1994-2001 (SEK million). cell cultivation on surfaces and pharmaceutical tech- 1. Owner undertakings 575 nology. 2. Renewal investments 1,075 Investment in 2001: SEK 16 million 3. Joint tasks 190 Total 1,840 Information technology The investment is aimed at establishing new, attractive education programmes in information technology. These programmes are made up of MScEng and Foundation investments BScEng programmes as well as investments in the IT Strategic investment areas University. The focus on this area also includes a re- The aim is to establish new operating areas with the inforcement of research and doctoral programmes aid of time-limited investments during a period of five and the infrastructure for IT. to seven years. Investment 2001: SEK 47 million

Environmental Sciences Microtechnology Universeum contains a The investment is aimed at giving Chalmers a front- The investment is aimed, by providing initial financ- great deal of modern ing, at contributing to the investment made in the mi- technology: solar energy, line position based on research in sustainable devel- energy storage, recycling opment in society and a broad perspective of environ- crotechnology facility, resulting in first-class opera- and re-use etc. tions in micro- and nanotechnology. Investment 2001: SEK 38 million

Directed investments The Foundation’s directed investments complement the strategic investments and are aimed, based on plans and proposals from the President and the Uni- versity Board, at developing an existing area or a new strategy. A prioritised investment is the renewal and quality of undergraduate programmes. Investment 2001: SEK 135 million

Interaction Investments aimed at ensuring that the results and resources of the University benefit society. Examples include research interaction with the regional universities and colleges, Universeum and the Röda Sten culture project. The biggest investments during the year were in the development of the Student Union complex and the development of the technology content at Universeum. Investment 2001: SEK 6 million

62 Income statement Group ______Foundation ______The Chalmers University of Total income (SEK 1,000) 2001 2000 2001 2000 Technology Foundation Share dividend 22,639 28,115 Reg. nr: 855100-5799 Interest income 74,809 61,652 Other operating income 7,479 5,381 Net income 2,171,841 2,080,441 Other operating income/realised capital gains 5,745 499,816 0 461,859 Total income 2,177,586 2,580,257 104,927 557,007

Operating expenses Personnel expenses – 1,139,789 – 1,148,776 –3,158 0 Cost of premises – 319,551 – 278,993 – 288 0 Management expenses –1,904 – 2,642 Other external expenses – 471,665 – 465,481 – 10,493 – 6,933 Depreciation of fixed assets – 180,727 – 173,047 – 60 0 Other operating expenses – 131,429 – 11,199 Rebate from SPP 0 13,510 Realised capital losses – 115,970 0 Total expenses – 2,243,161 – 2,063,986 – 131,873 – 9,575

Reported net profit/loss – 26,946 547,432

Change in unrealised surplus values – 229,717 – 691,155 – 229,717 – 691,155 Provision to preserve the real value of the Foundation capital – 13,000 – 10,500 – 13,000 – 10,500

True change in equity – 269,663 – 154,223 Operating profit/loss – 308,292 – 185,384

Profit/loss from financial investments Profit/loss on participations in associated companies – 1,612 – 746 Interest income and similar items 42,898 26,943 Interest expense and similar items – 70,909 – 49,962

Profit/loss after financial income and expense – 337,915 – 209,149

Allocations Dissolution of restricted profit adjustment reserve 229,717 691,155 229,717 691,155 Allocation to donation fund – 5,185 – 19,927 – 5,185 – 19,927 Dissolution of/allocation to non-restricted profit adjustment reserve 140,675 – 429,880 140,675 – 429,880 Allocation to dividend reserve – 95,544 – 87,125 – 95,544 – 87,125 Profit/loss before tax – 68,252 – 54,926

Tax on profit for the year – 383 – 4,421 Deferred tax – 914 279

NET PROFIT/LOSS FOR THE YEAR – 69,549 – 59,068

63 Balance sheet Group ______Foundation ______The Chalmers University of ASSETS (SEK 1,000) 31.12.2001 31.12.2000 31.12.2001 31.12.2000 Technology Foundation Fixed assets Reg. nr: 855100-5799 Intangible assets Tenancy rights and similar rights 1,824 0 Goodwill 319 419 Total intangible assets 2,143 419 Tangible assets Investment property 961,200 732,743 Investment in building adaption 58,624 71,490 Equipment and fittings 668,498 618,039 216 0 Work in progress 33,091 192,924 Total tangible assets 1,721,413 1,615,196 216 0 Financial assets Shares in Group companies 172,100 172,100 Shares in associated companies 1,296 2,908 Bonds and other interest-bearing investments 231,163 400,877 203,020 298,144 Shares and convertibles 1,442,226 1,544,533 1,442,226 1,543,533 Tenant-owner’s rights 1,280 1,280 Receivables from Group companies 397,301 284,317 Other long-term receivables 14,806 18,028 14,355 14,355 Total financial assets 1,690,771 1,967,626 2,229,002 2,312,449 Total fixed assets 3,414,327 3,583,241 2,229,218 2,312,449 Current assets Inventories etc. Inventories 1,213 1,492 Work on contract 1,618 7,234 Total inventories and work on contract 2,831 8,726 Current receivables Receivables from subsidiaries 19,419 17,615 Accounts receivable 94,526 95,283 Prepaid tax 14,673 6,246 Other receivables 72,618 75,345 Prepaid expenses and accrued income 395,353 533,882 24,782 258,998 Total current receivables 577,170 710,756 44,201 276,613 Short-term investments 792,743 684,593 451,881 522,950 Cash and bank 250,230 493,432 84,751 212,646 Total current assets 1,622,974 1,897,507 580,833 1,012,209 TOTAL ASSETS 5,037,301 5,480,748 2,810,051 3,324,658

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES Equity Restricted equity Index-adjusted Foundation capital 980,000 967,000 980,000 967,000 Profit adjustment reserve 17,144 246,861 17,144 246,861 Restricted reserves 4,722 3,614 Total restricted equity 1,001,866 1,217,475 997,144 1,213,861 Non-restricted equity Donation fund 97,985 95,696 97,985 95,696 Profit adjustment reserve 1,826,785 2,181,461 1,826,785 2,181,461 Dividend reserve – 510,124 – 348,326 – 510,124 – 348,326 Profit brought forward 250,128 97,304 Loss for the year – 69,549 – 59,068 Total non-restricted equity 1,595,225 1,967,067 1,414,646 1,928,831 Total equity 2,597,091 3,184,542 2,411,790 3,142,692 Provisions Provisions for pensions 683,513 627,491 192 0 Provisions for ongoing research projects 2,920 0 Total provisions 686,433 627,491 192 0 Liabilities Long-term liabilities Loans 607,435 654,918 Deferred tax 2,016 1,102 Total long-term liabilities 609,451 656,020 Current liabilities Accounts payable 111,181 106,646 77 Liability to subsidiary companies 392,411 165,297 Approved, unpaid grants 5,284 16,440 5,284 16,440 Other liabilities 185,076 175,291 Accrued expenses and prepaid income 842,785 714,318 367 222 Total current liabilities 1,144,326 1,012,695 398,069 181,966 TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 5,037,301 5,480,748 2,810,051 3,324,658

Pledged assets 379,568 377,200 00 Contingent liabilities 577,763 513,143 565,665 538,764

64 Statistical overview Trends 1991-2001 Including Chalmers Lindholmen University College

91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 1 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Education MSc programmes in Engineering and Architecture 970 1,020 1,055 1,045 1,045 1,075 1,105 1155 1,185 1,225 Number of students admitted, Year 1 4,162 4,551 4,806 4,929 4,836 5,129 5,007 4,953 4,963 5,370 Students (full-time equivalent) 3,868 3,963 3,991 4,125 4,241 4,428 4,318 4,288 4,350 4,560 Performance (full-time equivalent) 722 728 627 2 933 774 859 829 878 799 799 MScEng/MArch degrees awarded 12 20 48 67 124 83 132 119 International MSc degrees

Applied Engineering and Maritime Studies programmes 635 725 715 715 825 705 705 720 840 885 Number of students admitted, Year 1 1,050 1,308 1,449 1,410 1,492 1,620 1,659 1,775 1,875 2,070 Students (full-time equivalent) — 3 1,022 1,177 1,203 1,358 1,433 1,425 1,565 1,618 1,799 Performance (full-time equivalent) 277 359 279 301 347 280 329 408 415 463 Degrees

Other undergraduate courses 256 254 473 407 582 571 661 699 733 653 Students (full-time equivalent) 178 341 318 459 443 515 521 561 560 Performance (full-time equivalent)

PhD programmes 902 942 988 947 993 1,044 1,054 1,019 1,024 1,028 Total number of PhD students 4 190 171 146 165 192 218 231 265 226 187 newly admitted 146 171 192 188 212 244 209 237 243 255 Degrees awarded, total 69 72 84 81 79 115 98 104 94 115 PhDs 77 99 108 107 133 129 111 133 149 140 Licentiates

Personnel (full-time equivalent) 1,124 1,166 1,237 1,284 1,293 1,452 1,484 1,617 1,587 1,577 Teaching and research 7 815 801 833 772 791 796 839 865 903 868 Technical and administrative 7 1,939 1,967 2,070 2,056 2,084 2,248 2,323 2,482 2,490 2,445 Total

Finances Income (SEK m) 5 355 389 495 561 524 570 551 603 632 637 Undergraduate programmes 778 878 828 876 895 1,079 1,156 1,249 1,269 1,346 PhD programmes and research 413 484 480 529 544 745 811 902 919 983 of which externally financed 1,133 1,267 1,323 1,437 1,419 1,649 1,707 1,852 1,901 1,983 Total income 523 523 533 563 554 636 666 713 724 736 Total at 1980 cost level

– 18 31 – 9 1 – 3 – 52 – 83 –58 Profit/loss after financial income and expense (SEK m)

56 55 57 55 57 57 55 54 56 54 Personnel costs (%) 12 12 18 17 18 15 15 14 14 17 Premises (%) 6 32 33 20 22 19 21 23 24 22 21 Other costs (%) 56677888 Depreciation (%)

1 The 1995/96 budget year covered a period of 18 months due to a financial year changeover. The first 12 months are reported here. 2 The reduction in 1993/94 can be attributed entirely to technical problems associated with the issuing of degree certificates. The number of students complying with the formal requirements remained unchanged. 3 Information not available. 4 From 1999, PhD students with at least 10 % activity are reported. 5 From 1993/94, income is reported (including financial income). Prior to this, costs were reported. 6 From 1993/94, maintenance is reported in addition to rents. 7 A rearrangement of personnel categories meant that the technical/administrative personnel group increased by 57 full-time positions during 2000. Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden Telephone +46 31-772 1000 Internet www.chalmers.se