ACTA BOTANICA New Findings of the Common Ragweed (Ambrosia Artemisiifolia) in Slovakia in the Year 2017 HRABOVSKÝ, M., MIČIETA, K

Contents

Ruderal plant communities from the class Stellarietea mediae R. Tx. et al. ex von Rochow 1951 in Bratislava City RENDEKOVÁ, A., MIČIETA, K. 3 ACTA BOTANICA New findings of the common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Slovakia in the year 2017 HRABOVSKÝ, M., MIČIETA, K. 25 UNIVERSITATIS COMENIANAE Macroscopic fungi of the valley of the Lamačský potok stream (Malé Karpaty Mts.) JANČOVIČOVÁ, S., MIŠKOVIC, J., SENKO, D., SHARIFIOVÁ, S. 29

Bryophytes in cemeteries in the Small Carpathian region (Slovakia) MIŠÍKOVÁ, K., ORBÁNOVÁ, M., GODOVIČOVÁ, K. 45

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ISBN 978-80-223-4687-0 ISSN 0524-2371 COMENIUS UNIVERSITY IN BRATISLAVA

ACTA BOTANICA UNIVERSITATIS COMENIANAE

Volume 53

2018 COMENIUS UNIVERSITY IN BRATISLAVA

The journal was edited with the title / Časopis bol vydávaný pod názvom Acta Facultatis rerum naturalium Universitatis Comenianae, Botanica

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ISBN 978-80-223-4687-0 ISSN 0524-2371

Acta Botanica Universitatis Comenianae Vol. 53, 2018

RUDERAL PLANT COMMUNITIES FROM THE CLASS STELLARIETEA MEDIAE R. Tx. et al. ex von Rochow 1951 IN BRATISLAVA CITY

Alena Rendeková •, Karol Mičieta

Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany, Révová 39, 81102 Bratislava, Slovakia

Received 20 August 2018; Received in revised form 23 August 2018; Accepted 26 September 2018

Abstract

The paper referes about the research of ruderal plant communities from the class Stellarietea mediae R. Tx. et al. ex von Rochow 1951 in Bratislava city. We present our own phytosociological relevés of ruderal communities from this class and the results of their numerical classification. We also present information about the floristic composition and distribution of recorded communities and we compare our own findings with data published from other areas of Slovakia. In total, 19 communities of the class Stellarietea mediae were recorded in Bratis- lava, included also some rare and the little-known communities. Several communities from this class were dominated by alien plants, for example, in the stands of Conyza canadensis community [Stellarietea mediae] invasive neophyte Conyza canadensis dominated.

Key words: synanthropic vegetation, alien plants, phytosociology, numerical classification, Slovakia

Introduction Ruderal vegetation is a permanent component of urban agglomerations and other man-affected sites. Ruderal plant communities represent one of the most dynamic types of vegetation. Their development reflects the impact of humans on the environment and only small changes in human activities can result in extensive changes in the species composition and spectrum of ruderal communities. There is an increased frequency of occurrence of alien plant species in the ruderal vegetation. Therefore, the research of ruderal vegetation is very important and numerous studies has been devoted to this issue. Research of ruderal vegetation in Slovakia began after the World War II within the research of synanthropic vegetation. During the first decades it was focused on the vegetation of smaller areas, e.g. Liptovská kotlina Basin (Hilbert 1981), north-eastern Slovakia (Jarolímek, Zaliberová 1995, Zalibe- rová, Jarolímek 1995) or some Slovak cities such as Malacky (Krippelová 1972) and Trnava (Eliáš 1979). In the year 1997, the synthetic study of synanthropic vegetation of whole area of Slovakia was published by Jarolímek et al. (1997). The ruderal vegetation of Bratislava was researched by Jarolímek (1983) in 1983. Since then no recent study has been published from this city, except of the papers by Rendeková (2016), Rendeková, Mičieta (2017), Rendeková et al. (2014, 2017, 2018), Valachovič (2016). These studies inform about some ruderal communities in Bratislava, but they do not pay special attention to the communities of the class Stellarietea mediae. Jarolímek, Valachovič (2016) refered about two rare plant communities from this class, but comprehensive study of ruderal communities of the class Stellarietea mediae from Bratislava is missing. This paper can bridge this gap. In this study, we present the results of evaluation of the data of ruderal vegetation of the class Stell- arietea mediae from Bratislava. This class includes synanthropic communities formed mostly by annual

• Corresponding author: Alena Rendeková; e-mail: [email protected]

3 plants growing on cultivated soils and disturbed areas. The majority of ruderal communities of this class belong to the ordo Sisymrietalia and some of them also to the ordo Eragrostietalia (Jarolímek et al. 1997, Jarolímek, Šibík 2008). We aimed to: 1. record the ruderal plant communities of the class Stellarietea mediae in the area of Bratislava, 2. classify the recorded phytosociological relevés into the syntaxa by numerical evaluation of the data.

Material and Methods The study was carried out in Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia, located in Central Europe. The area of city covers 367.9 km2 and the city has a population of approximately 425,500 people. The city has a climate of moderate to warm continental character, and it is one of the warmest and driest zones of Slovakia. The natural soils of Bratislava in ruderal areas are covered by anthropogenic ones (Feráková, Jarolímek 2011). Phytosociological data were sampled according to the methods of Zürich-Montpelliere school (Braun- Blanquet 1964) during the vegetation seasons of the years 2011–2014.The modified Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale, extended by 2a, 2b and 2m values was used (Barkman et al. 1964). The relevés were imported into TURBOWIN database (Hennekens, Schaminée 2001), and subsequently edited in the JUICE programme (Tichý 2002). Phytosociological relevés were assigned to associations by numerical classification (cluster analysis), which was performed in the SYN-TAX 2000 programme (Podani 2001). Data were not trans- formed. The communities documented by one or two relevés only were excluded from the analysis. Various group linkage methods and coefficients were tried. The Group average method in combination with Wishart's index proved to be the most effective linkage method and distance measure and the results obtained by them corresponded to our field experience. These parameters were used in the dendrogram, which demonstrates the results of the analysis (Fig. 1). The SYN-TAX 2000 programme (Podani 2001) was used to create the dendrogram (Fig. 1). Relevés of communities, which were recorded on more than two localities, are presented in the phytosociological table (Tab. 1). The relevés of communities recorded on one or two localities only are given separately below the table. We do not present relevés of the recorded associations Kochietum densiflorae, Polygono-Portulacetum oleraceae and Geranium pusillum community [Sisymbrion officinalis] and Poa bulbosa community [Sisymbrion officinalis], because they were already published by Rendeková et al. (2014) and Rendeková (2016). In the table, we present only the total values of frequency of taxa (%) for these communities. These communities were included to the list of recorded communities and to the analysis, because it would not be complete without them. The relevés from Geranium pusillum community [Sisymbrion officinalis] were pulished as relevés from Geranium pusillum community [Stellarietea mediae] by Rendeková (2016), but based on the results of numerical classification we assigned this community to the alliance Sisymbrion officinalis. Phytosociological table (Tab. 1) was created using the JUICE programme (Tichý 2002). Relevés in columns of the table are arranged according to the results of numerical classification. The relevé numbers in the table correspond to the numbers on dendrogram (Fig. 1). Total values of frequency of taxa (%) are listed in the last column of each association or community recorded by more than four relevés. Taxa are ordered into groups according to their syntaxonomical relations. Diagnostic, characteristic and constant taxa were determined according to the publications of Jarolímek et al. (1997) and Jarolí- mek, Šibík (2008). Within the gorups, taxa are ordered according to the decreasing frequency. Cover- abundance values 2a and 2b are presented in abbreviated forms a and b in the table. Taxa found only in one relevé are listed below the table. Behind the each taxon listed below the table, we present number in bracket, which represents number of relevé in which taxon was recorded. Number or sign behind the bracket indicates the cover-abundance value of the taxon. Localities and other relevés data are listed below the table too. The nomenclature of the taxa follows Marhold, Hindák (1998), the nomenclature of the syntaxa follows Jarolímek, Šibík (2008).

Results and Discussion The numerical classification of the ruderal communities of the class Stellarietea mediae Results of the numerical classification of the recorded relevés are demostrated in the dendrogram in the Fig. 1. In the dendrogram, clusters 'x', 'y' and 'J' are separated at the highest level of dissimilarity.

Fig. 1. Dendrogram of the numerical classification of the ruderal communities of the class Stellarietea mediae in Bratislava. Group Average method and Wishart's index were used. The relevé numbers in the dendrogram correspond to the numbers in table (Tab. 1). Explanation: A – Geranium pusillum community [Sisymbrion officinalis], B – association Hordeetum murini, C – association Linario vulgaris-Brometum tectorum, D – Poa bulbosa community [Sisymbrion officinalis], E – association Chenopodietum stricti, F – Conyza canadensis community [Stellarietea mediae], G – Tripleurospermum perforatum community [Stellarietea mediae], H – association Cynodonto-Atriplicetum tataricae, I – association Polygono-Portulacetum oleraceae, J – association Lolio-Cynodontetum dactyli

The cluster 'J' is formed by the relevés of the association Lolio-Cynodontetum dactyli. The relevés from this association are very poor in species and contain only a small number of diagnostic, characteristic and constant species of the lower syntaxa of the class Stellarietea mediae (Tab. 1), which probably caused the separation of the cluster 'J' from other clusters at the high level of dissimilarity in dendrogram. The differentiation of clusters 'x' and 'y' could be caused by the differences in the species composition of relevés belonging to these clusters. In the relevés from cluster 'x' grasses Bromus tectorum and Hordeum murinum reach higher frequency of occurrence than in the relevés from the cluster 'y' (Tab. 1). In the relevés from the cluster 'y' species Chenopodium strictum, Conyza canadensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Portulaca oleracea and Setaria pumila are present, but none of these species occur in the relevés from the cluster 'x' (Tab. 1). The communities belonging to the cluster 'x' are optimally developed in the spring, while the communities from the cluster 'y' are optimally developed in the summer. The merging of relevés into a one larger cluster 'x' indicates that they are similar. Diagnostic and constant species of the alliance Sisymbrion officinalis (e.g. Hordeum murinum, Capsella bursa-pastoris) are frequently present in the relevés from the cluster 'x' (Tab. 1). Because of this reason, we

5 assign all communities from the cluster 'x' to this alliance. Communities from the cluster 'x' grow on similar habitats, e.g. on the edges of the sidewalks and roads. The smaller clusters 'A', 'B', 'C' and 'D' are distinguished within the cluster 'x' at lower levels of dissimilarity. Cluster 'A' comprises relevés of the Geranium pusillum community [Sisymbrion officinalis], cluster 'B' includes relevés of the association Hordeetum murini, cluster 'C' comprises relevés of the association Linario vulgaris-Brometum tectorum and cluster 'D' includes relevés of the Poa bulbosa community [Sisymbrion officinalis]. The cluster 'y' consists of smaller clusters 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H' and 'I'. Each of these clusters is formed by the relevés from some association or community: cluster 'E' – relevés from the association Chenopo- dietum stricti, cluster 'F' – relevés from the Conyza canadensis community [Stellarietea mediae], cluster 'G' – relevés from the Tripleurospermum perforatum community [Stellarietea mediae], cluster 'H' – relevés from the association Cynodonto-Atriplicetum tataricae and cluster 'I' – relevés from the association Polygono-Portulacetum oleraceae. We did not assign the communities dominanted by Conyza canadensis and Tripleurospermum perforatum to any lower syntaxa of the class Stellarietea mediae, because they contained only small number of the diagnostic species of the lower syntaxa.

The list of recorded communities and their description Class Stellarietea mediae R. Tx. et al. ex von Rochow 1951 Ordo Sisymbrietalia J. Tx. in Lohmeyer et al. 1962 Alliance Sisymbrion officinalis R. Tx. et al. in R. Tx. 1950 Association Brometum sterilis Görs 1966 Association Erigeronto-Lactucetum serriolae Lohmeyer in Oberd. 1957 em. Mucina 1978 Association Hordeetum murini Libbert 1933 Association Linario vulgaris-Brometum tectorum Knapp 1961 Geranium pusillum community [Sisymbrion officinalis] Poa bulbosa community [Sisymbrion officinalis Alliance Atriplicion nitentis Passarge 1978 Association Artemisietum annuae Fijałkowski 1967 Association Chenopodietum stricti (Oberd. 1957) Passarge 1964 Association Cynodonto-Atriplicetum tataricae Morariu 1943 Association Ivaetum xanthiifoliae Fijałkowski 1967 Association Kochietum densiflorae Gutte et Klotz 1985 Association Sisymbrio-Atriplicetum nitentis Oberd. ex Mahn et R. Schubert 1962 Ordo Eragrostietalia J. Tx. ex Poli 1966 Alliance Eragrostio-Polygonion arenastri Couderc et Izco ex Čarni et Mucina 1997 Association Eragrostio-Polygonetum arenastri Oberd. 1954 corr. Mucina 1993 Association Lolio-Cynodontetum dactyli Jarolímek et al. 1997 Association Polygono-Portulacetum oleraceae Eliáš 1986 Conyza canadensis community [Stellarietea mediae] Geranium purpureum community [Stellarietea mediae] Trifolium arvense community [Stellarietea mediae] Tripleurospermum perforatum community [Stellarietea mediae]

In the years 2011–2014, we recorded 19 ruderal communities from the class Stelarietea mediae in Bratislava. The recorded communities belong to the two ordos: Sisymbrietalia and Eragrostietalia.

The recorded communities from ordo Sisymbrietalia belong to the two alliances: Atriplicion nitentis and Sisymbrion officinalis. In the communities from the alliance Atriplicion nitentis species Artemisia annua, Atriplicex sagittata, A. tatarica, Bassia scoparia, Chenopodietum strictum and Iva xanthiifolia dominated (Tab. 1 + relevés below the Tab. 1). The majority of these communities were relativelly rich in species and they occurred on construction sites and various abandoned areas in Bratislava. In the communities from the alliance Sisymbrion officinalis species such as Bromus tectorum, Hor- deum murinum, Geranium pusillum and Poa bulbosa dominated. Diagnostic and constant species of the alliance Sisymbrion officinalis (e.g. Hordeum murinum, Capsella bursa-pastoris) occurred frequently in the species composition of these communities (Tab. 1). They were often found on the edges of the sidewalks and roads. In the recorded stands of the communities from ordo Eragrostietalia species Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis minor, Polygonum arenastrum and Portulaca oleracea dominated (Tab. 1 + relevés below the Tab. 1). The majority of the communities from ordo Eragrostietalia were one-layered and species- poor and except of dominant species only few other taxa, such as Conyza canadensis, Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata, P. major, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia and Trifolium repens were present (Tab. 1 + relevés below the Tab. 1). This can be reasoned by the fact, that the communities from ordo Eragro- stietalia often grow on the small areas affected by trampling, such as edges of the sidewalks and roads, where only a few species can survive. The floristical composition of the recorded ruderal communities from the class Stellarietea mediae (Tab. 1) is similar to those of communities from this class recorded in the southern parts of Slovakia such as Malacky, horné Požitavie, and others. (Krippelová 1972, Eliáš 1974, Jarolímek et al. 1997). The species composition of the communities recorded in Bratislava (Tab. 1) differs from the communities in the colder areas – e.g. Liptovská kotlina Basin (Hilbert 1981), north-eastern Slovakia (Jarolí- mek, Zaliberová 1995) and Horná Orava region (Medvecká et al. 2009). In comparison to these areas, relevés from Bratislava lack hydrophylous species such as Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus pratensis, Petasites hybridus, Phleum pratense, Poa trivialis and Trisetum flavescens, which were recorded in some stands in the mentioned colder areas. On the other hand, the thermophilous species such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Atriplex tatarica, Ballota nigra, Carduus acanthoides, Echium vulgare, Hor- deum murinum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Portulaca oleracea and Reseda lutea were more frequent in the relevés from Bratislava (Tab. 1) than in the relevés from colder areas (Hilbert 1981, Jarolímek, Zaliberová 1995, Medvecká et al. 2009). Among the communities from the class Stellarietea mediae in Bratislava, rare and the little-known communities were recorded too: Geranium pusillum community [Sisymbrion officinalis], Geranium purpureum community [Stellarietea mediae], Kochietum densiflorae, Poa bulbosa community [Sisym- brion officinalis] and Trifolium arvense community [Stellarietea mediae]. These communities were not recorded in Bratislava in the past (Jarolímek 1983). Our recent survey also revealed, that ruderal vegetation of Bratislava consisted of several communities from the class Stellarietea mediae with dominant alien plants such as Chenopodium strictum, Conyza canadensis, Hordeum murinum, Trip- leurospermum perforatum and others.

Acknowledgements We would like to thank Doc. Mgr. Katarína Mišíková, PhD. for identification of bryophytes and Mgr. Jana Podroužková Medvecká, PhD. for her assistance in recording the relevés no. 2 and 3. This research was supported by the Grant Agency VEGA (Bratislava), Grant No. 1/0885/16.

Tab. 1. Relevés of the communities of the class Stellarietea mediae from Bratislava A – Geranium pusillum community [Sisymbrion officinalis], B – association Hordeetum murini, C – association Linario vulgaris-Brometum tectorum, D – Poa bulbosa community [Sisymbrion officinalis], E – association Chenopodietum stricti, F – Conyza canadensis community [Stellarietea mediae], G –Tripleurospermum perforatum community [Stellarietea mediae], H – association Cynodonto-Atriplicetum tataricae, I – association Polygono-Portulacetum oleraceae, J – association Lolio-Cynodontetum dactyli

Association (cluster A D I B (x) C (x) E (y) F (y) G (y) H (y) J in dendrogram – Fig. 1) (x) (x) (y)

* 2 1 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 * 3 4 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 8 9 1 2 1 2 6 1 7 1 5 5 5 * 2 3 3 3 4 Relevé no. F% F% F% F% F% 0 7 8 9 7 2 0 8 6 1 5 3 5 4 F% 3 2 4 8 5 1 9 0 8 1 7 6 7 0 1 F% 2 6 7 8 9

E1: Dominant taxa of the communities of the class Stellarietea mediae Geranium pusillum 100 + ...... + a . 25 + ...... Hordeum murinum 80 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 100 . . + . . . + ...... 11 ...... + . . . . r . . . 20 Bromus tectorum ...... 5 5 4 33 ...... Poa bulbosa ...... + . . 100 ...... Chenopodium strictum ...... 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 100 + + + 1 . . 67 1 + + . . . . 13 ...... Conyza canadensis ...... + + + . + 1 + . + 78 4 4 4 4 4 5 100 + . + r + . + 13 . . 1 . . 20 Tripleurospermum perforatum ...... r . + . + + . . + . + 56 . + 1 . . . 33 5 5 4 . . . . 13 ...... Atriplex tatarica ...... + ...... 11 ...... 5 5 5 5 ...... Portulaca oleracea ...... + r . 22 ...... a 100 . . r . . 20 Cynodon dactylon ...... + . . 11 ...... 4 4 5 5 5 100

Tab. 1. Relevés of the communities of the class Stellarietea mediae from Bratislava – continuation

Association (cluster A D I B (x) C (x) E (y) F (y) G (y) H (y) J in dendrogram – Fig. 1) (x) (x) (y)

* 2 1 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 * 3 4 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 8 9 1 2 1 2 6 1 7 1 5 5 5 * 2 3 3 3 4 Relevé no. F% F% F% F% F% 0 7 8 9 7 2 0 8 6 1 5 3 5 4 F% 3 2 4 8 5 1 9 0 8 1 7 6 7 0 1 F% 2 6 7 8 9

E1: Diagnostic, characteristic, constant taxa of the class Stellarietea mediae Capsella bursa-pastoris 100 1 + 1 1 1 + a a + 1 a + 100 + + . . + . + . . r + + + 67 ...... + . . . . . 25 . r . . . 20 Setaria pumila ...... + r + + . + + . 67 + + + . . + 67 + . 1 + 1 . . 38 ...... Echinochloa crus-galli ...... + . + 1 + + 56 + 1 + + . + 83 . . + + . r . 25 ...... Bromus sterilis . a . + a . r . + + . . + 58 . a . . . . + . . . + . . 22 . . . . r . 17 . . + ...... Lactuca serriola . . . + ...... 8 . . . . a + . . r . + . . 44 . . . . 1 1 33 b + + . . . + 25 . . + . . 20 Malva neglecta . a . . . r . + r r . r r 58 r ...... r . . r . 22 ...... 25 . . . r . 20 Chenopodium polyspermum ...... 1 . . r + . + + + 67 . . r . . . 17 . + + ...... Trifolium arvense ...... + + + . . 33 . . . 1 + r 50 . + + ...... r ...... 8 ...... r . . . . . 11 + + 33 . + . . . . . 75 . . + . . 20 Eragrostis minor Chenopodium album ...... r . r . . . 1 25 ...... + . . . . . + 22 ...... + ...... 13 ...... Papaver rhoeas ...... 1 33 ...... + . . + 33 + + + . . . . 25 ...... Digitaria sanguinalis ...... r + . 22 . . . . . + 17 . . . . . r . 38 ...... Trifolium campestre 60 ...... r 33 ...... + 1 ...... Persicaria lapathifolia ...... + + . . . r . 33 + . . . . . 17 + . 1 ...... Amaranthus retroflexus ...... r ...... 11 . . r . . . 17 r ...... 38 ...... Chenopodium hybridum ...... 1 . . . + + . 1 . 44 . . . + . . 17 ...... Fallopia convolvulus ...... + + . + . . . . . 33 . . . . . + 17 . . + . . . . 13 ...... Lamium purpureum 20 ...... + + . . 1 ...... 11 ...... Vicia angustifolia 20 ...... 67 . . . r . . . . . 11 . + . . . . 17 ...... Viola arvensis ...... r r . 33 + ...... 11 ...... 13 ...... Veronica persica 20 ...... + . . . 8 1 + ...... Stellaria media 20 + ...... 8 . + ...... Solanum nigrum subsp...... + + . . . . . r + 44 ...... schultesii

10 Tab. 1. Relevés of the communities of the class Stellarietea mediae from Bratislava – continuation

Association (cluster A D I B (x) C (x) E (y) F (y) G (y) H (y) J in dendrogram – Fig. 1) (x) (x) (y)

* 2 1 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 * 3 4 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 8 9 1 2 1 2 6 1 7 1 5 5 5 * 2 3 3 3 4 Relevé no. F% F% F% F% F% 0 7 8 9 7 2 0 8 6 1 5 3 5 4 F% 3 2 4 8 5 1 9 0 8 1 7 6 7 0 1 F% 2 6 7 8 9

E1: Diagnostic, characteristic, constant taxa of the class Stellarietea mediae Panicum miliaceum ...... r r . r 33 . . . r . . 17 ...... Tussilago farfara ...... 1 . r 22 . . r . . . 17 . + ...... Atriplex patula 20 ...... + ...... 11 ...... 1 ...... Veronica arvensis 20 + ...... 8 . . . 33 ...... Sonchus oleraceus ...... r 8 . . . . . r ...... 11 ...... + ...... Sonchus arvensis ...... + . r ...... 22 ...... + ...... Galinsoga urticifolia ...... r . . r . . . . . 22 ...... r ...... Anagallis arvensis ...... + . . . + . + . . 33 ...... Datura stramonium ...... + . . . . r . 22 ...... + ...... Sisymbrium officinale . . . + . . + ...... 17 ...... Descurainia sophia ...... + . . . . + ...... 11 ...... Iva xanthiifolia ...... r ...... 11 . . r . . . 17 ...... Atriplex sagittata ...... + ...... 11 ...... r ...... Persicaria maculosa ...... + . r . . 22 ...... Thlaspi arvense ...... + . . 11 ...... r ...... Senecio vulgaris ...... + . . 11 ...... 25 ...... Setaria viridis ...... 13 ......

Tab. 1. Relevés of the communities of the class Stellarietea mediae from Bratislava – continuation

Association (cluster in A D I B (x) C (x) E (y) F (y) G (y) H (y) J dendrogram – Fig. 1) (x) (x) (y)

* 2 1 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 * 3 4 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 8 9 1 2 1 2 6 1 7 1 5 5 5 * 2 3 3 3 4 Relevé no. F% F% F% F% F% 0 7 8 9 7 2 0 8 6 1 5 3 5 4 F% 3 2 4 8 5 1 9 0 8 1 7 6 7 0 1 F% 2 6 7 8 9

E1:

Diagnostic, characteristic, constant taxa of the class Artemisietea vulgaris Convolvulus arvensis 40 1 1 + . a a a + b 3 1 a 92 a . . 33 . 1 . . . . . 1 . 22 . 1 . . + . 33 . . . + + a 1 25 a . . r . 40 Artemisia vulgaris . . . r . . . . . + + . + 33 . . + . 1 + + + + 1 . + + 89 + + + + + + 100 + + + + ...... Stenactis annua 20 + + . . r . . r . . . r 42 . . + . + . + + + + r . + 78 + r + + + + 100 1 + + ...... Medicago lupulina 20 . . . . . + . r . . . . 17 . . . 67 + 1 . 1 + + + . 1 78 . . + + . . 33 . + 1 . + . . 25 ...... Ballota nigra 20 + . . . . . + a + . . b 42 . . . . + . . . r + + + + 67 . . . + . . 17 ...... r . . . r . . 20 Daucus carota 20 ...... + r + r + + + 1 r 100 + . + + r + 83 + + 1 ...... Cichorium intybus . . 1 r . + ...... 25 . . . . r . . . . + . + + 44 . . r + r + 67 . r . r . + + . . . . . + 20 Elytrigia repens . . . . + r ...... 17 . . . . + + + . . + . . + 56 . . + r . + 50 + + . . + ...... Tanacetum vulgare ...... + . . + + + + . + 67 . + + r r + 83 . r + ...... Echium vulgare ...... r . . . . 8 . . + . . . + . r + . . . 33 + . r r a . 67 . + ......

Reseda lutea ...... + 8 . . . . + . + r . . + . r 56 + . . . . . 17 . . . r . . + . . . r . . 20 Carduus acanthoides . . . 1 ...... 8 . . . . + . . . . + . . r 33 . . + + . . 33 b . r r ...... Silene latifolia subsp. alba . . . + . . . . . + r . . 25 . + . 33 + . . . . . r . . 22 ...... Ambrosia artemisiifolia ...... 1 . + . . . . + r 44 . . 1 . . + 33 1 ...... Medicago sativa ...... 1 1 . 100 ...... + + ...... Cardaria draba . . + . . . + . . . . . r 25 . . . 33 . . r ...... 11 ...... Berteroa incana ...... r . . . . . 8 . . r ...... 1 . . . 11 r . . + . . 33 ...... Falcaria vulgaris ...... 33 ...... r . + ...... Arctium lappa . r ...... 8 . . . . r ...... 11 . + . . . . 17 ...... Pastinaca sativa ...... r . . . 11 . . . + . + 33 ...... Anchusa officinalis ...... r . . . . . 8 . . . 33 ...... Melilotus officinalis ...... r . . . . . 11 ...... + ......

12 Tab. 1. Relevés of the communities of the class Stellarietea mediae from Bratislava – continuation

Association (cluster in A D I B (x) C (x) E (y) F (y) G (y) H (y) J dendrogram – Fig. 1) (x) (x) (y)

* 2 1 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 * 3 4 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 8 9 1 2 1 2 6 1 7 1 5 5 5 * 2 3 3 3 4 Relevé no. F% F% F% F% F% 0 7 8 9 7 2 0 8 6 1 5 3 5 4 F% 3 2 4 8 5 1 9 0 8 1 7 6 7 0 1 F% 2 6 7 8 9

E1: Diagnostic, characteristic, constant taxa of the class Galio-Urticetea Glechoma hederacea 20 . . . r . . . . + . . . 17 ...... + . . r . . 22 ...... Rubus caesius ...... a . . + . . . . . 22 . r r . . r 50 ...... Calystegia sepium ...... + + . . . r + . . 44 . . . . . + 17 ...... Clematis vitalba ...... + . a . . + . . 33 . . . . + . 17 ...... r . . . . . Urtica dioica ...... + . . + . . . 17 . . . . a . . . . . r . . 22 ...... Humulus lupulus ...... r . + . . . . + 33 ...... Veronica hederifolia ...... + + ...... Galium aparine ...... + . . + ...... 11 ......

Tab. 1. Relevés of the communities of the class Stellarietea mediae from Bratislava – continuation

Association (cluster in A D I B (x) C (x) E (y) F (y) G (y) H (y) J dendrogram – Fig. 1) (x) (x) (y)

* 2 1 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 * 3 4 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 8 9 1 2 1 2 6 1 7 1 5 5 5 * 2 3 3 3 4 Relevé no. F% F% F% F% F% 0 7 8 9 7 2 0 8 6 1 5 3 5 4 F% 3 2 4 8 5 1 9 0 8 1 7 6 7 0 1 F% 2 6 7 8 9

E1: Diagnostic, characteristic, constant taxa of the classes Polygono arenastri-Poetea annuae and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Polygonum arenastrum 40 . + . + + 1 + + . b 3 + 75 . . . 33 + 1 + . + + + r 3 89 + . . 1 . . 33 + + . 1 1 b 3 75 1 + 1 + . 80 Achillea millefolium agg. 60 + + + . + + + r + r r . 83 . . + 100 . + + + r + . . + 67 + . . + + + 67 r + + + . . r 13 . . + + a 60 Plantago lanceolata 80 a r . r r . + . + . + . 58 + . . 100 r . . 1 . + . + + 56 . . + + . + 50 . r . . + 1 + 25 r + . + + 80 Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia 100 1 + . + + + . + . r + + 75 + . . 33 . r . + . . . . + 33 r . + . . . 33 r + . + . . r 50 . + a + . 60 Lolium perenne 80 + b 1 + + 1 + + + + + + 100 . . . 67 . + . + . + . . + 44 . . . + . + 33 . . . + + . . 13 . 1 . 1 . 40 Plantago major 20 + 1 . . + + . . . . + + 50 . . . . + + . . + + + + + 78 . . + + + r 67 . . . + . . . 13 + . . r r 60 Trifolium repens 60 + . . . + + . . . . + . 33 . . . . + . . 1 + . . r + 56 + + + . + r 83 . + . . + . . 13 . + . . + 40 Trifolium pratense 40 . . . r 1 . . + . . . . 25 . . . . + . . 1 + a + . + 67 . . r + + + 67 + r a ...... r . 20 Poa pratensis 20 1 . . + + . + + + . + . 58 . + r 67 + ...... 11 ...... Dactylis glomerata . . + + r . . . + r r . . 50 . 1 . 33 + ...... r 22 ...... Arrhenatherum elatius . . + + . . . . + . . . + 33 + + + ...... + 11 ...... Poa annua 60 . . . . . + + . . . + . 25 ...... + r . . . 22 ...... Lotus corniculatus ...... r . . . r . . . . 22 . . . . . + 17 ...... + 20 Bellis perennis 40 ...... r . 8 ...... Lepidium ruderale . + ...... 1 . . 17 ...... Prunella vulgaris ...... + . . . . 11 ...... r ...... Jacea pratensis ...... + . 11 . . . r . . 17 ......

14 Tab. 1. Relevés of the communities of the class Stellarietea mediae from Bratislava – continuation

Association (cluster in A D I B (x) C (x) E (y) F (y) G (y) H (y) J dendrogram – Fig. 1) (x) (x) (y)

* 2 1 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 * 3 4 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 8 9 1 2 1 2 6 1 7 1 5 5 5 * 2 3 3 3 4 Relevé no. F% F% F% F% F% 0 7 8 9 7 2 0 8 6 1 5 3 5 4 F% 3 2 4 8 5 1 9 0 8 1 7 6 7 0 1 F% 2 6 7 8 9

E1: Other taxa Cirsium arvense 20 + . . . . r ...... 17 ...... + . . + + + . 44 . + r . . a 50 . r + ...... Bromus hordeaceus 40 . . + . . . 1 . . . r . 25 . + + 100 ...... + 11 ...... + ...... + . . . 20 Poa compressa 20 ...... + + + . . 33 r . r + . . 50 . . r ...... Populus nigra (juv.) ...... + . + . + r r 56 + . + . . . 33 . . r ...... Erodium cicutarium 40 ...... + . . . . . 8 + . . 100 ...... 13 ...... Linaria vulgaris ...... + . . + . . r . . 33 r + . . . . 33 ...... Solidago gigantea ...... + . . . . 11 r + + . . r 67 ...... Ailanthus altissima (juv.) . . . r ...... 8 . . . . . + . . . . . + . 22 + . . . . . 17 ...... Aster lanceolatus ...... + . . . . . + . 22 + r . . . . 33 ...... Verbena officinalis ...... r . . . . + . . 22 ...... + . 20 Helianthus tuberosus ...... r . . 11 . . . . . + 17 . . + ...... Galium verum ...... + . 11 r . . . . . 17 ...... r . . . . 20 Rumex obtusifolius . + ...... 8 ...... 1 ...... Holcus lanatus ...... r ...... + ...... Rumex crispus ...... + ...... 11 . + . . . . 17 ...... Robinia pseudoacacia (juv.) ...... r . . . + . . . . 22 ...... Amaranthus caudatus ...... r ...... 11 r . . . . . 17 ...... Negundo aceroides (juv.) ...... a . . r . . 22 ...... Lycopersicon esculentum ...... + . . . . . 11 1 . . . . . 17 ...... Solidago canadensis ...... + . . . . . 11 + . . . . . 17 ...... Xanthoxalis dillenii ...... + . . r . . 22 ...... Epilobium collinum ...... r . . . . 11 ...... + ...... Acer campestre (juv.) ...... + . . . . 11 . . . . r . 17 ...... Equisetum arvense ...... + . . . . 11 . . . . . r 17 ......

Tab. 1. Relevés of the communities of the class Stellarietea mediae from Bratislava – continuation

Association (cluster in A D I B (x) C (x) E (y) F (y) G (y) H (y) J dendrogram – Fig. 1) (x) (x) (y)

* 2 1 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 * 3 4 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 8 9 1 2 1 2 6 1 7 1 5 5 5 * 2 3 3 3 4 Relevé no. F% F% F% F% F% 0 7 8 9 7 2 0 8 6 1 5 3 5 4 F% 3 2 4 8 5 1 9 0 8 1 7 6 7 0 1 F% 2 6 7 8 9

E1: Other taxa Hypericum perforatum ...... + . . 11 ...... + ...... Solanum luteum ...... + . . 11 ...... 13 ...... Calamagrostis epigejos ...... + 11 . . . . . + 17 ...... Populus alba (juv.) ...... + + . . . . 33 ......

E0: Didymodon fallax ...... + ...... 13 ......

* The relevés of the community were already published by Rendeková et al. (2014) and Rendeková (2016)

Taxa found only in one relevé:

E1: Agrostis gigantea (7): r, Artemisia absinthium (34): +, Artemisia annua (5): a, Astragalus cicer (51): +, Bassia scoparia (13): +, Bromus inermis (46): +, Bryonia alba (3): r, Cardamine impatiens (27): r, Cerasus avium (juv.) (3): r, Chaerophyllum temulum (48): r, Chelidonium majus (3): +, Consolida regalis (17): 1, Fallopia dumetorum (19): r, Geum urbanum (17): r, Herniaria glabra (58): r, Impatiens parviflora (6): r, Lamium amplexicaule (35): +, Lithospermum arvense (35): +, Matricaria discoidea (7): r, Medicago falcata (15): +, Mentha longifolia (58): r, Microrrhinum minus (17): r, Misopates orontium (17): r, Oenothera biennis (8): +, Panicum capillare (19): r, Papaver argemone (7): r, Parthenocissus quinquefolia (juv.) (3): +, Persicaria dubia (3): +, Potentilla argentea (2): +, Raphanus raphanistrum (34): r, Rubus fruticosus agg. (58): r, Rumex patientia (47): r, Sambucus nigra (juv.) (3): r, Scrophularia umbrosa (58): r, Senecio viscosus (17): r, Silene vulgaris (8): r, Verbascum thapsus (8): +, Xanthium sp. (3): r

E2: Swida sanguinea (4): a

E3: Aesculus hippocastanum (30): a, Betula pendula (29): 1, Elaeagnus angustifolia (31): 3, Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. danubialis (45): 4, Pinus nigra (2): 4

E0: Bryum argenteum (18): +, Ceratodon purpureus (18): +, Ditrichum pusillum (6): 1 15

16 Localities and the other information of relevés from Tab. 1

Association Hordeetum murini Relevé 2. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Karlova Ves district, Karloveská street, abandoned area 40 m from the tram stop Segnerova, N 48°09'14.70", E 17°03'24.60", ± 6 m, altitude: 176 m, slope: 3°, aspect: 135° (SE), relevé area: 24.00 m², total cover: 95%, E1: 85%, E2: 0%, E3: 70%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 10–50 cm, height of tree layer: 7 m, soil type: loamy, 16.5.2011, Alena Rendeková, Jana Podroužková Medvecká Relevé 10. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Dúbravka district, Pod záhradami street, abandoned area 200 m from the department store Lidl, N 48°11'11.20", E 17°02'08.20", ± 6 m, altitude: 246 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 10.00 m², total cover: 100%, E1: 100%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 35–100 cm, soil type: loamy, 16.6.2012, Alena Rendeková Relevé 27. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Nové Mesto district, Kominárska street, yard of the abandoned railway track, N 48°09'32.30", E 17°07'31.40", ± 7 m, altitude: 150 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 10.00 m², total cover: 99%, E1: 99%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 45–65 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand + pieces of brick, 20.6.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 28. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Trnavská cesta street, 200 m from Bajkalská street, edge of the road, N 48°09'38.50", E 17°08'23.40", ± 15 m, altitude: 139 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 8.00 m², total cover: 99%, E1: 99%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 56 cm, soil type: loamy, 23.5.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 29. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Dlhé diely district, abandoned area 200 m from the bus stop Kuklovská, N 48°09'25.80", E 17°02'40.20", ± 8 m, altitude: 240 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 12.00 m², total cover: 99%, E1: 99%, E2: 0%, E3: 5%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 45 cm, height of tree layer: 4 m, soil type: loamy, 10.6.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 47. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Podunajské Biskupice district, Vetvárska street, edge of the sidewalk, N 48°07'34.00", E 17°12'44.20", ± 8 m, altitude: 142 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 16.00 m², total cover: 98%, E1: 98%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 40 cm, soil type: loamy, 6.6.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 32. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Staré Mesto district, Dostojevského rad street, edge of the road 28 m from the bus stop Wüstenrot, N 48°08'39.20", E 17°07'23.60", ± 8 m, altitude: 135 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 10.00 m², total cover: 100%, E1: 100%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 50 cm, soil type: loamy, 20.5.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 30. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Podunajské Biskupice district, abandoned area 20 m from the railway station, N 48°07'51.60", E 17°13'14.10", ± 10 m, altitude: 145 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 26.00 m², total cover: 98%, E1: 98%, E2: 0%, E3: 12%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 45–65 cm, height of tree layer: 6 m, soil type: loamy, 6.6.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 48. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Devín district, abandoned area 100 m from the Devín Castle, N 48°10'29.60", E 16°58'42.10", ± 5 m, altitude: 150 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 14.00 m², total cover: 100%, E1: 100%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 60 cm, soil type: loamy, 24.5.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 46. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Dúbravka district, Agátová street, edge of the sidewalk, N 48°11'46.10", E 17°02'22.00", ± 15 m, altitude: 218 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 8.00 m², total cover: 95%, E1: 95%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 30 cm, soil type: loamy, 1.6.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 31. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Karlova Ves district, Púpavová street, 40 m from the house no. 20, edge of the sidewalk, N 48°09'50.10", E 17°02'52.10", ± 6 m, altitude: 212 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 12.00 m², total cover: 99%, E1: 98%, E2: 0%, E3: 40%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 40 cm, height of tree layer: 4 m, soil type: loamy, 8.6.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 45. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Petržalka district, Kopčianska street, edge of the sidewalk, N 48°06'48.80", E 17°05'32.50", ± 6 m, altitude: 136 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 16.00 m², total cover: 98%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 60%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 45 cm, height of tree layer: 6 m, soil type: loamy, 30.6.2013, Alena Rendeková

Association Linario vulgaris-Brometum tectorum Relevé 33. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Karlova Ves district, at the crossroad of Borská street and Pernecká street, edge of the sidewalk, N 48°09'42.50", E 17°03'06.40", ± 9 m, altitude: 200 m, slope: 30°, aspect: 200° (SSW), relevé area: 16.00 m², total cover: 98%, E1: 98%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 60 cm, soil type: loamy, 6.5.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 35. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, abandoned area 20 m from the airport M. R. Štefánika, N 48°09'21.40", E 17°13'17.60", ± 6 m, altitude: 140 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 16.00 m², total cover: 100%, E1: 100%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 30–70 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand, 10.5.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 34. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Dúbravka district, 20 m from Agátová street, construction site, N 48°11'42.70", E 17°02'23.60", ± 5 m, altitude: 219 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 10.00 m², total cover: 75%, E1: 75%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 1%, height of herb layer: 20–100 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel, 2.6.2013, Alena Rendeková

Association Chenopodietum stricti Relevé 3. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Karlova Ves district, piles of loam, sand and gravel 20 m from the school Karloveská 32, N 48°09'38.70", E 17°03'09.30", ± 5 m, altitude: 189 m, slope: 10°, aspect: 146° (SE), relevé area: 30.00 m², total cover: 95%, E1: 95%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 50–150 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand and gravel + pieces of brick, 22.6.2011, Alena Rendeková, Jana Podroužková Medvecká Relevé 4. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Staré Mesto district, parking lot, 160 m from the tram stop Chatam Sofer, N 48°08'26.70", E 17°05'42.20", ± 7 m, altitude: 142 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 30.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 9%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 7–150–180 cm, height of shrub layer: 1.8 m, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand and gravel, 18.7.2011, Alena Rendeková Relevé 13. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Podunajské Biskupice district, railway station, abandoned area 10 m from the railway track, N 48°07'49.60", E 17°13'18.50", ± 4 m, altitude: 143 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 20.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 30–120–160 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel, 17.7.2012, Alena Rendeková Relevé 5. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Petržalka district, Starý háj, at the crossroad of Kutlíková street and Starohájska street, piles of sand and gravel in construction site, N 48°06'42.10", E 17°07'25.90", ± 4 m, altitude: 144 m, slope: 30°, aspect: 45° (NE), relevé area: 26.00 m², total cover: 85%, E1: 85%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 15–100–180 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel, 20.8.2011, Alena Rendeková Relevé 12. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Lamač district, Zelenohorská street, abandoned area 4 m from the garden, N 48°10'47.40", E 17°03'55.50", ± 6 m, altitude: 224 m, slope: 10°, aspect: 104° (E), relevé area: 20.00 m², total cover: 70%, E1: 70%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 90–120 cm, soil type: sandy, 4.8.2012, Alena Rendeková Relevé 14. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Karlova Ves district, Mlynská dolina, abandoned area among buildings, N 48°09'36.90", E 17°03'56.50", ± 9 m, altitude: 212 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 18.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 100–170 cm, soil type: sandy, 6.8.2012, Alena Rendeková Relevé 58. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Dúbravka district, Mikuláša Schneidera Trnavského street, 28 m from the building IMET, piles of sand and gravel in construction site, N 48°10'26.50", E 17°03'00.10", ± 9 m, altitude: 192 m, slope: 20°, aspect: - (remark: the surface relief was sloped in different aspects), relevé area: 20.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 40–120 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel, 26.7.2014, Alena Rendeková Relevé 15. Borská nížina Lowland, Bratislava, Devínska Nová Ves district, abandoned area 22 m od from the bike path, N 48°12'37.50", E 16°58'05.40", ± 5 m, altitude: 146 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 30.00 m², total cover: 75%, E1: 75%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 10–80–165 cm, soil type: sandy, 1.9.2012, Alena Rendeková Relevé 11. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Lamač district, 240 m frm the department store Galéria Bratislava Lamač, abandoned area near the railway track, N 48°10'36.50", E 17°04'17.10", ± 6 m, altitude: 226 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 20.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 25–100 cm, soil type: loamy + 17 admixture of sand, 28.6.2012, Alena Rendeková

Conyza canadensis community [Stellarietea mediae] Relevé 8. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Petržalka district, piles of sand and gravel 200 m from the Apollo bridge, N 48°08'01.40", E 17°07'38.40", ± 3 m, altitude: 141 m, slope: 10°, aspect: – (remark: the surface relief was sloped in different aspects), relevé area: 25.00 m², total cover: 75%, E1: 75%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 15–50–150 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel, 31.8.2011, Alena Rendeková Relevé 9. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Dúbravka district, Agátová street, abandoned area among buildings, N 48°11'58.40", E 17°02'05.40", ± 3 m, altitude: 199 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 15.00 m², total cover: 85%, E1: 85%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 90–150 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand, 22.8.2011, Alena Rendeková Relevé 19. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Petržalka district, Kopčianska street, abandoned area 16 m from railway track, N 48°06'31.90", E 17°05'19.90", ± 5 m, altitude: 137 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 20.00 m², total cover: 70%, E1: 70%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 50–90–160 cm, soil type: sandy, 18.8.2012, Alena Rendeková Relevé 20. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Karlova Ves district, Mlynská dolina, abandoned area among buildings, N 48°09'37.10", E 17°03'55.90", ± 9 m, altitude: 213 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 12.00 m², total cover: 75%, E1: 75%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 20–100–170 cm, soil type: sandy, 7.8.2012, Alena Rendeková Relevé 18. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, at the crossroad of Lamačská cesta and Mlynská dolina, construction site, N 48°09'57.70", E 17°04'36.00", ± 6 m, altitude: 179 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 12.00 m², total cover: 75%, E1: 75%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 1%, height of herb layer: 30–110–160 cm, soil type: sandy + pieces of glass, 21.8.2012, Alena Rendeková Relevé 21. Borská nížina Lowland, Bratislava, Záhorská Bystrica district, Pavla Blaha street, abandoned area among houses, N 48°14'29.20", E 17°03'05.70", ± 5 m, altitude: 206 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 25.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 30–80–100 cm, soil type: sandy, 9.9.2012, Alena Rendeková

Tripleurospermum perforatum community [Stellarietea mediae] Relevé 6. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Karlova Ves district, Líščie údolie, 40 m from the building Iuventa, abandoned area among buildings on the hill, N 48°10'09.10", E 17°03'12.30", ± 7 m, altitude: 206 m, slope: 7°, aspect: 5° (N), relevé area: 14.00 m², total cover: 90%, E1: 90%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 5%, height of herb layer:15–60–150 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand and gravel, 1.8.2011, Alena Rendeková Relevé 17. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Dúbravka district, Martina Granca street, piles of sand and gravel in construction site, N 48°11'49.70", E 17°01'36.80", ± 5 m, altitude: 232 m, slope: 6°, aspect: 56° (NE), relevé area: 20.00 m², total cover: 90%, E1: 90%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 10–50 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel, 19.6.2012, Alena Rendeková Relevé 7. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Dúbravka district, at the crossroad of Agátová street and Saratovská street, construction site, N 48°11'50.30", E 17°02'07.90", ± 5 m, altitude: 210 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 20.00 m², total cover: 73%, E1: 73%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 15–40 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel + pieces of brick, 11.7.2011, Alena Rendeková

Association Cynodonto-Atriplicetum tataricae Relevé 16. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Petržalka district, abandoned area 16 m from the bus stop Kopčianska, N 48°06'44.80", E 17°05'27.00", ± 5m, altitude: 137 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 10.00 m², total cover: 100%, E1: 100%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 45–80 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand, 18.8.2012, Alena Rendeková Relevé 57. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Petržalka district, edge of the road 10 m from the bus stop Hálová, N 48°07'25.20", E 17°06'26.20", ± 6 m, altitude: 138 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 20.00 m², total cover: 99%, E1: 99%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 60 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand, 26.8.2014, Alena Rendeková

Relevé 50. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Karlova Ves district, Karloveská street, edge of the sidewalk, N 48°09'14.60", E 17°03'25.00", ± 8 m, altitude: 172 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 8.00 m², total cover: 96%, E1: 96%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 20 cm, soil type: loamy, 20.8.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 51. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Nové Mesto district, Pionierska street, edge of the road, N 48°10'01.80", E 17°07'20.00", ± 6 m, altitude: 156 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 10.00 m², total cover: 96%, E1: 96%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 20–65 cm, soil type: loamy, 20.8.2013, Alena Rendeková

Association Lolio-Cynodontetum dactyli Relevé 22. Borská nížina Lowland, Bratislava, Devínska Nová Ves district, abandoned area 21 m from the bike path, N 48°12'37.50", E 16°58'05.50", ± 7 m, altitude: 145 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 5.00 m², total cover: 85%, E1: 85%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 15 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel, 9.9.2012, Alena Rendeková Relevé 36. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Petržalka district, Kopčianska street, 10 m from railway track, N 48°06'59.60", E 17°05'41.80", ± 6 m, altitude: 136 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 5.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 10–20 cm, soil type: sandy, 1.7.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 37. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Nové Mesto district, Rožňavská street, 10 m from Baumax, edge of the road, N 48°10'06.40", E 17°09'25.40", ± 6 m, altitude: 141 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 7.00 m², total cover: 98%, E1: 98%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 30 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand, 8.8.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 38. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Nové Mesto district, Tomášikova street, edge of the road, N 48°09'45.50", E 17°09'27.40", ± 6 m, altitude: 140 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 8.00 m², total cover: 100%, E1: 100%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 20 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand, 16.8.2013, Alena Rendeková Relevé 49. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Polianky, edge of the road, N 48°10'32.90", E 17°03'34.90", ± 8 m, altitude: 206 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 6.00 m², total cover: 100%, E1: 100%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 10 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand, 26.8.2013, Alena Rendeková

The relevés of communities recorded on one or two localities only

Association Brometum sterilis Relevé 59. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Nové Mesto district, railway station Bratislava-Nové Mesto, abandoned area 28 m from the railway track, N 48°10'20.10", E 17°08'41.40", ± 7 m, altitude: 144 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 8.00 m², total cover: 96%, E1: 96%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 40 cm, soil type: loamy, 23.5.2013, Alena Rendeková

E1: Bromus sterilis 5, Achillea millefolium agg. 1, Bromus tectorum 1, Clematis vitalba 1, Arrhenatherum elatius +, Artemisia vulgaris +, Ballota nigra +, Elytrigia repens +, Galium aparine +, Hordeum murinum +, Medicago lupulina +, Papaver rhoeas +, Plantago lanceolata +, Poa pratensis +, Trifolium pratense r, Falcaria vulgaris r Relevé 60. Borská nížina Lowland, Bratislava, Devínska Nová Ves district, abandoned area 20 m from the bike path, N 48°12'38.50", E 16°58'03.50", ± 9 m, altitude: 145 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 8.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 40 cm, soil type: sandy, 23.5.2013, Alena Rendeková

E1: Bromus sterilis 5, Aristolochia clematitis 1, Apera spica-venti +, Capsella bursa-pastoris +, Cirsium arvense +, Descurainia sophia +, Galium aparine +, Papaver rhoeas a, Reseda lutea +, Allium scorodoprasum r, Lolium perenne r, Onopordum acanthium r, Silene latifolia subsp. alba r

Association Erigeronto-Lactucetum serriolae Relevé 61. Borská nížina Lowland, Bratislava, edge of the road 100 m from the bus stop Bory, N 48°12'20.80", E 17°01'03.10", ± 13 m, 166 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 12.00 m², total cover: 90%, E1: 90%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 50–90 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand, 27.8.2013, Alena Rendeková

E1: Lactuca serriola 4, Tripleurospermum perforatum 2b, Elytrigia repens 2a, Conyza canadensis 1, Artemisia vulgaris +, Carduus acanthoides +, Plantago lanceolata +, Polygonum arenastrum +, Trifolium arvense +, Achillea millefolium agg. r, Chenopodium album r, Picris hieracioides r, Reseda lutea r, Setaria viridis r Relevé 62. Borská nížina Lowland, Bratislava, Devínska Nová Ves district, Na mýte street, abandoned area 6 m from the buffet, N 48°12'39.90", E 16°58'07.80", ± 7 m, altitude: 148 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 27.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 50–110–165 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel, 1.7.2013, Alena Rendeková

E1: Lactuca serriola 5, Galium aparine 1, Papaver rhoeas 1, Arrhenatherum elatius +, Aster ×salignus +, Ballota nigra +, Capsella bursa-pastoris +, Chenopodium album +, Chenopodium strictum +, Dactylis glomerata +, Elytrigia repens +, Lamium purpureum +, Lolium perenne +, Poa compressa +, Poa pratensis +, Stellaria media +, Trifolium repens +, Vicia villosa +, Ailanthus altissima (juv.) r, Calystegia sepium r, Humulus lupulus r, Onopordum acanthium r, Picris hieracioides r

Association Artemisietum annuae Relevé 63. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Petržalka district, Starý háj, at the crossroad of Starohájska street and Kutlíková street, abandoned area 16 from construction site, N 48°06'42.00", E 17°07'25.60", ± 20 m, altitude: 144 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 8.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 20–120 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel, 24.8.2012, Alena Rendeková

E1: Artemisia annua 4, Tripleurospermum perforatum 2a, Chenopodium album 1, Chenopodium polyspermum 1, Chenopodium strictum 1, Medicago lupulina 1, Ambrosia artemisiifolia +, Artemisia vulgaris +, Clematis vitalba +, Conyza canadensis +, Daucus carota +, Echinochloa crus-galli +, Eragrostis minor +, Fallopia convolvulus +, Glechoma hederacea +, Humulus lupulus +, Linaria vulgaris +, Lolium perenne +, Lycopersicon esculentum +, Negundo aceroides (juv.) +, Persicaria lapathifolia +, Plantago lanceolata +, Reseda lutea +, Rubus caesius +, Trifolium pratense +, Trifolium repens +, Xanthoxalis dillenii +, Achillea millefolium agg. r, Carduus acanthoides r, Setaria pumila r, Stenactis annua r Relevé 64. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Petržalka district, at the crossroad of Rusovská cesta street and Hálova street, abandoned area 10 m from construction site, N 48°07'23.60", E 17°06'30.00", ± 12 m, altitude: 139 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 12.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 80 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand and gravel, 24.8.2014, Alena Rendeková

E1: Artemisia annua 4, Amaranthus retroflexus 1, Atriplex tatarica 1, Bassia scoparia 1, Chenopodium album 1, Iva xanthiifolia 1, Medicago lupulina 1, Negundo aceroides (juv.) 1, Tripleurospermum perforatum 1, Ambrosia artemisiifolia +, Chenopodium strictum +, Echinochloa crus-galli +, Persicaria lapathifolia +, Plantago major +, Polygonum arenastrum +, Senecio vulgaris +, Trifolium repens +, Verbena officinalis +, Achillea millefolium agg. r, Ailanthus altissima (juv.) r, Chenopodium hybridum r, Fallopia dumetorum r, Fraxinus excelsior (juv.) r, Reseda lutea r

Association Ivaetum xanthiifoliae Relevé 65. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Petržalka district, Hálova street, abandoned area among buildings, N 48°07'23.40", E 17°06'22.40", ± 20 m, altitude: 138 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 8.00 m², total cover: 65%, E1: 65%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 80 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand and gravel + pieces of brick, 22.8.2014, Alena Rendeková

E1: Iva xanthiifolia 4, Amaranthus retroflexus 1, Chenopodium album 1, Polygonum arenastrum 1, Tripleurospermum perforatum 1, Achillea millefolium agg. +, Artemisia annua +, Atriplex tatarica +, Bassia scoparia +, Chenopodium hybridum +, Persicaria lapathifolia +, Plantago major +, Trifolium repens +, Verbena officinalis +, Berteroa incana r, Chenopodium strictum r, Echinochloa crus-galli r, Fraxinus excelsior (juv.) r, Medicago lupulina r

Association Sisymbrio-Atriplicetum nitentis Relevé 66. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Rača district, Žabí majer, gardening area Kalná, 40 m from the railway track, piles of loam and waste, N 48°11'39.30", E 17°10'24.20", ± 9 m, altitude: 143 m, slope: 20°, aspect: - (remark: the surface relief was sloped in different aspects), relevé area: 16.00 m², total cover: 98%, E1: 98%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 40–165 cm, soil type: loamy, 24.7.2012, Alena Rendeková

E1: Atriplex sagittata 5, Elytrigia repens 1, Lactuca serriola 1, Ballota nigra +, Calystegia sepium +, Chenopodium hybridum +, Eragrostis minor +, Iva xanthiifolia +, Lycopersicon esculentum +, Malva neglecta +, Malva sylvestris +, Papaver rhoeas +, Populus nigra (juv.) +, Amaranthus retroflexus r, Artemisia vulgaris r, Atriplex prostrata r, Conyza canadensis r, Dactylis glomerata r, Rubus caesius r Relevé 67. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Vrakuňa district, gardening area, 10 m from the railway track, pile of loam 8 m from the garden, N 48°09'09.30", E 17°12'23.40", ± 6 m, altitude: 138 m, slope: 30°, aspect: 30° (NNE), relevé area: 16.00 m², total cover: 90%, E1: 90%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 20–120– 170 cm, soil type: loamy, 2.8.2012, Alena Rendeková

E1: Atriplex sagittata 5, Artemisia vulgaris 2a, Rubus caesius 2a, Urtica dioica 2a, Aster ×salignus +, Ballota nigra +, Bromus sterilis +, Capsella bursa-pastoris +, Clematis vitalba +, Conyza canadensis +, Elytrigia repens +, Lactuca serriola +, Reseda lutea +, Stenactis annua +, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia +, Ambrosia artemisiifolia r, Arrhenatherum elatius r, Chenopodium album r, Juglans regia (juv.) r, Rubus fruticosus agg. r, Solidago gigantea r, Verbena officinalis r

Association Eragrostio-Polygonetum arenastri Relevé 68. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Rača district, Hybešova street, edge of the road, N 48°12'33.80", E 17°08'53.00", ± 8 m, altitude: 160 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 3.00 m², total cover: 60%, E1: 60%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 6 cm, soil type: sandy, 16.8.2013, Alena Rendeková

E1: Eragrostis minor 3, Polygonum arenastrum 2a, Digitaria sanguinalis 1, Plantago lanceolata +, Plantago major +, Setaria viridis +, Chenopodium strictum r, Conyza canadensis r, Echinochloa crus-galli r, Portulaca oleracea r Relevé 69. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, 20 from the school Metodova, edge of the road, N 48°09'20.00", E 17°07'35.80", ± 8 m, altitude: 160 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 4.00 m², total cover: 80%, E1: 80%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 4–10 cm, soil type: loamy + admixture of sand, 16.8.2013, Alena Rendeková

E1: Eragrostis minor 3, Polygonum arenastrum 3, Setaria viridis 2a, Digitaria sanguinalis 1, Plantago lanceolata r, Portulaca oleracea r, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia r

Geranium purpureum community [Stellarietea mediae] Relevé 70. Borská nížina Lowland, Bratislava, Devínska Nová Ves district, railway station Devínska Nová Ves, edge of the railway track, N 48°13'09.10", E 16°58'34.60", ± 14 m, altitude: 149 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 10.00 m², total cover: 40%, E1: 40%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 10–25 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel, 6.6.2014, Alena Rendeková

E1: Geranium purpureum 3, Medicago lupulina 1, Bromus tectorum +, Cirsium arvense +, Lactuca serriola +, Papaver rhoeas +, Stellaria media +, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia +, Tragopogon dubius +, Viola arvensis +, Elytrigia repens r, Falcaria vulgaris r, Pastinaca sativa r, Plantago lanceolata r, Trifolium arvense r, Vicia villosa r Relevé 71. Podunajská rovina Flatland, Bratislava, Vajnory district, railway station Bratislava-Vajnory, edge of the railway track, N 48°11'41.60", E 17°12'32.80", ± 20 m, altitude: 142 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 6.00 m², total cover: 25%, E1: 25%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 8–12 cm, loamy + admixture of sand, 20.6.2014, Alena Rendeková

E1: Geranium purpureum 2b, Capsella bursa-pastoris +, Medicago lupulina +, Portulaca oleracea +, Viola arvensis +, Convolvulus arvensis r, Lactuca serriola r, Setaria pumila r, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia r

Trifolium arvense community [Stellarietea mediae] Relevé 72. Malé Karpaty Mts., Bratislava, Dúbravka district, at the crossroad of Agátová street and Saratovská street, abandoned construction site, N 48°11'50.80", E 17°02'02.40", ± 4 m, altitude: 226 m, slope: 0°, relevé area: 20.00 m², total cover: 85%, E1: 85%, E2: 0%, E3: 0%, E0: 0%, height of herb layer: 20–50 cm, soil type: sandy + admixture of gravel + pieces of brick, 15.7.2011, Alena Rendeková

E1: Trifolium arvense 5, Trifolium repens 3, Medicago lupulina 1, Artemisia vulgaris +, Aster ×salignus +, Cirsium arvense +, Conyza canadensis +, Daucus carota +, Epilobium collinum +, Lactuca serriola +, Plantago major +, Populus tremula (juv.) +, Robinia pseudoacacia (juv.) +, Rumex crispus r, Setaria pumila +, Stenactis annua +, Tanacetum vulgare +, Tripleurospermum perforatum +, Convolvulus arvensis r, Holcus lanatus r, Linaria vulgaris r, Persicaria lapathifolia r, Populus alba (juv.) r

References

Barkman, J. J., Doing, H., Segal, S., 1964: Kritische Bemerkungen und Vorschläge zur quantitativen Vegetationsanalyse. Acta Bot. Neerl., 13: 394-419. Braun-Blanquet, J., 1964: Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. Ed. 3. Springer Verlag, Wien, New York. Eliáš, P., 1974: Niektoré synantropné spoločenstvá horného Požitavia. Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Slov., Ser. A 1: 197-211. Eliáš, P., 1979: Predbežný prehľad ruderálnych spoločenstiev mesta Trnavy. Západné Slovensko, 6: 271-309. Feráková, V., Jarolímek, I., 2011: Bratislava. In: Kelcey, J.-K., Müller, N., (eds.), Plants and habitats of European cities, p. 79-129, Springer, New York. Hennekens, S. M., Schaminée, J. H. J., 2001: TURBOVEG, a comprehensive data base management system for vegetation data. J. Veg. Sci., 12: 589-591. Hilbert, H., 1981: Ruderálne spoločenstvá sídel Liptovskej kotliny. Biol. práce, 27(4): 1-158. Jarolímek, I., 1983: Ruderálne spoločenstvá Bratislavy. PhD. thesis, depon. in Institute of Botany SAV, Bratislava. Jarolímek, I., Šibík, J. (eds.), 2008: Diagnostic, constant and dominant species of the higher vegetation units of Slovakia. Veda, Bratislava. Jarolímek, I. Valachovič, M., 2016: Dve zriedkavé ruderálne spoločenstvá z Bratislavy. Bull. Slov. Bot. Spoločn., 38(1): 79-84. Jarolímek, I., Zaliberová, M., 1995: Ruderal Plant Communities of north-eastern Slovakia II. Chenopodietea, Plantagine- tea. Thaiszia – J. Bot., 5: 61-79. Jarolímek, I., Zaliberová, M., Mucina, L., Mochnacký, S., 1997: Rastlinné spoločenstvá Slovenska. 2. Synantropná vege- tácia. Veda, Bratislava. Krippelová, T., 1972: Ruderálne spoločenstvá mesta Malaciek. Biol. práce, 18(1): 1-116. Marhold, K., Hindák, F. (eds.), 1998: Zoznam nižších a vyšších rastlín Slovenska. Veda, Bratislava. Medvecká, J., Zaliberová, M., Jarolímek, I., 2009: Ruderal vegetation of the Horná Orava Region 1. Bidentetea tripartitae, Polygono arenastri-Poetea annuae, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Stellarietea mediae and Artemisietea vulgaris. Thaiszia – J. Bot., 19: 91-129. Podani, J., 2001: SYN-TAX 2000. Computer Program for Data Analysis in Ecology and Systematics for Windows 95, 98 & NT. User’s manual. Scientia Publ., Budapest. Rendeková, A., 2016: Little-known ruderal plant communities recorded in Bratislava. Acta Botanica Universitatis Comenia- nae, 51: 23-29. Rendeková, A., Mičieta, K., 2017: The trampled communities of the class Polygono arenastri-Poetea annuae Rivas-Martí- nez 1975 corr. Rivas-Martínez et al. 1991 in the ruderal vegetation of Bratislava and their biodiversity. Acta Botanica Universitatis Comenianae, 52: 57-69. Rendeková, A., Kerekeš, E., Miškovic, J., 2014: Rare and interesting ruderal plant communities of Bratislava. Acta Botani- ca Universitatis Comenianae, 49: 13-18. Rendeková, A., Mičkovic, J. Mičieta, K., 2017: Spoločenstvá inváznych neofytov zväzu Senecionion fluviatilis R. Tx. 1950 v ruderálnej vegetácii Bratislavy a ich biodiverzita. Acta Universitatis Matthiae Belii series Environmental management, 19(2): 39-54. Rendeková, A., Hrabovský, M., Miškovic, J., Mičieta, K., 2018: Expanzívny druh Sambucus ebulus v asociácii Sambuce- tum ebuli v Bratislave. Acta Universitatis Matthiae Belii series Environmental management, 20(1): 56-64. Tichý, L., 2002: JUICE, software for vegetation classification. J. Veg. Sci., 13: 451-453. Valachovič, M., 2016: Zaujímavejšie fytocenologické zápisy – zápis č. 11-15. Bull. Slov. Bot. Spoločn., 38(1): 97-98. Zaliberová, M., Jarolímek, I., 1995: Ruderal plant communities of north-eastern Slovakia I. Artemisietea, Galio-Urticetea, Bidentetea. Thaiszia – J. Bot., 5: 31-59.

Abstrakt Príspevok je zameraný na výskum ruderálnych rastlinných spoločenstiev triedy Stellarietea mediae R. Tx. et al. ex von Rochow 1951 v Bratislave. V príspevku prezentujeme vlastné fytocenologické zápisy ruderálnych spoločenstiev z tejto triedy a výsledky ich numerickej klasifikácie. Uvádzame tiež floristické zloženie a rozšírenie zaznamenaných spoločenstiev a vlastné zistenia porovnávame s údaj- mi z iných oblastí Slovenska. Celkovo sme zaznamenali 19 spoločenstiev triedy Stellarietea mediae, z ktorých sú niektoré na území Bratislavy zriedkavé alebo málo známe. Vo viacerých zaznamenaných spoločenstvách dominovali nepôvodné druhy rastlín, napr. v porastoch spoločenstva s Conyza canadensis [Stellarietea mediae] dominoval invázny neofyt Conyza canadensis.

Alena Rendeková, Karol Mičieta: Ruderálne rastlinné spoločenstvá triedy Stellarietea mediae R. Tx. et al. ex von Rochow 1951 v meste Bratislava

Acta Botanica Universitatis Comenianae Vol. 53, 2018

NEW FINDINGS OF THE COMMON RAGWEED (AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA) IN SLOVAKIA IN THE YEAR 2017

Michal Hrabovský•, Karol Mičieta

Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany, Révová 39, 81102 Bratislava, Slovakia

Received 3 September 2018; Received in revised form 10 October 2018; Accepted 17 October 2018

Abstract

An invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. has been spreading for the last 150 years in Europe. In Slovakia, its first findings are known from the 1949. Since then, its occurrence has increased extremely. It was known from 31 phytogeohraphical districts of Slovakia up to now. In 2017 it was found in the new district Spišské vrchy and it has grown in abundance in Praecarpaticum. This paper brings 72 new localities from Slovakia.

Key words: plant invasion, interesting floristic findings, distribution

Introduction The introduction of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) in Europe began in the second half of the 19th century. Slovakia was colonized by ragweed seeds after 1949 (Jehlík 1998). The common ragweed grows mainly in lowlands (below 300 m above sea level) and less in hill-lands (300 – 500 m above sea level) in southern Slovakia, but it can survive in higher altitudes in mountain regions of Slovakia. The occurrence of common ragweed in Slovakia was monitored by Jehlík (1998) and later by Hra- bovský, Mičieta (2014) and Hrabovský et al. (2016). According to these studies common ragweed occurs in 31 phytogeographical districts in Slovakia. The occurrence in the other 12 districts (Javorie, Slovenský Raj, Veľká Fatra, Chočské vrchy, Západné Tatry, Belianske Tatry, Pieniny, Liptovská kotlina, Spišské kotliny, Spišské vrchy, Čergov and Bukovské vrchy) was unknown up to now. The aim of this study was to find new localities in an area with suitable conditions for growing of the ragweed. This paper brings new findings of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Slovakia from the year 2017.

Material and Methods The study was carried out in the year 2017. Traditional observation method was used to found localities of Ambrosia artemisiifolia. The localities were searched along the roads, railways and fields in Podunajská nížina Lowland and adjacent mountains, Slovenské Rudohorie Mountains and in Pod- tatranská kotlina Basin and adjacent mountains following previous research (Hrabovský et al. 2016). The collection of the maps (Edícia turistických máp by VKÚ, a.s. Harmanec Publisher) and GPS system were used for the site localization. Localities are arranged into the phytogeographical units of Slovakia (Futák 1984).

• Corresponding author: Michal Hrabovský; [email protected]

Results We have found together 73 new localities of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Slovakia in 2017. The pop- ulations occurred somewhere continually along the fields or roads, but in mountain regions consisted only from few individuals. In the villages they occurred sparsely in gardens and near the roads. The roads seemed to be the most common vector of spreading of common ragweed in Slovakia. The most localities were found in district Podunajská nížina Lowland, less in Malé Karpaty Mountains, Sloven- ské Stredohorie Mountains and Slovenské rudohorie Mountains. The interesting floristic finding is a population of five individuals in Spišské vrchy Mountains.

The List of new localities of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Bajč (in the village) – Belá (road 1507 from the village to crossroad 1507×509) – Bodza – Bzenica – Čajakovce – Dolný Bar – Dolný Jatov – Dolný Štál – Dunajská Lužná (all in the villages) – Dunaj- ská Streda (crossroads 63 × 1406, 63 × 1418, 63 × 507) – Dvorany nad Nitrou (in the village) – Galanta (between lake Šárd and railway) – Gbelce (near Parížske močiare reservation) – Hliník nad Hronom – Hnúšťa – Horná Zlatná – Horné Chlebany – Horný Štál – Chrasť – Iža – Jastrabie Kračany – Kajal – Kendereš – Kociha (all in the villages and surroundings) – Komárno (road 64) – Komárno - Nová Štráž (in the city) – Kráľová pri Senci – Kravany nad Dunajom – Kútniky – Lehôtka pod Brehmi (all in the villages) – Litmanová (parking at the foot of the mountain Zvir, only five individuals) – Lovčica – Ľudovítov – Malá Mužla (all in the villages) – Malé Karpaty - Biely kríž to Veľký Javorník, Malé Karpaty - Červený kríž (all around the Štefániková magistrála road) – Malinovo – Moča (surroundings of the villages) – Modra (Pod Srnčím vrchom path) – Mužla – Nová Dedinka – Nová Vieska (all in the villages) – Nové Zámky (road 64 south of the city) – Nové Zámky (crossroad 64 × 75) – Obid – Palá- rikovo – Patince – Preseľany – Pribeta (all in the villages and surroundings) – Prievidza (road 9 west of the city) – Radvaň nad Dunajom – Rimavská Baňa – Rimavská Píla – Rimavské Brezovo – Rimav- ské Zalužany – Rovinka (all in the villages and surroundings) – Sládkovičovo (crossroads 62 × 590 and 62 × 75) – Strekov (crossroad 509 × 1506) – Šala (road 75 in the city) – Šamorín – Štúrovo (railway station) – Tomášov – Topoľčany – Tôň – Trnovec nad Váhom – Tvrdošovce – Veľký Meder (all in the villages or cities and surroundings) – Virt (Virtské jazero lake) – Zlatná na Ostrove (the fields north of the village) – Žarnovica (railway station).

Discussion and conclusions Until 2010 in Slovakia were known 382 localities (Hrabovský et al. 2016). Since 2010 a new wave of expansion of ragweed was observed in Slovakia. This trend continues as it is visible in the cumulative graph (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. The curve of cumulative number of common ragweed localities in Slovakia, years 1949 – 2017

According to our results, the common ragweed continues to spread along the roads in both Panno- nian and Carpathian phytogeographical districts (Fig. 2). Therefore the spreading of the ragweed could be limited by mowing of roadside vegetation, because roads are currently the main vector of its expansion.

Fig. 2. The map of ragweed localities in Slovakia until 2014 (black dots) according to Hrabovský et al. (2016) and until 2017 (white dots)

Acknowledgements This study was supported by the Grant Agency VEGA, Grant No. 1/0885/16.

References

Futák, J., 1984: Fytogeografické členenie Slovenska. pp. 418-419. In: Bertová L.(ed.), Flóra Slovenska IV/1. Veda, Bratislava. Hrabovský, M., Mičieta, K., 2014. The occurrence of an invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Slovakia in the years 2008–2014. Acta Botanica Universitatis Comenianae, 49: 9-12. Hrabovský, M., Ščevková, J., Mičieta, K., Lafférsová, J., Dušička, J., 2016: Expansion and aerobiology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. in Slovakia. Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine, 23: 141-147. Jehlík, V., 1998: Cizí expanzivní plevele České republiky a Slovenské republiky. Academia, Praha.

Abstrakt V Európe sa počas posledných 150 rokov nekontrolovane šíri invázny druh Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Na Slovensku sú prvé nálezy datované z roku 1949. Odvtedy jeho výskyt extrémne vzrástol. Doteraz je známy z 31 fytogeografických oblastí Slovenska. V roku 2017 bol nájdený v novom okrese Spišské vrchy a vzrástla jeho početnosť v oblasti Praecarpaticum. Článok tiež prináša zoznam 73 nových lokalít zo Slovenska.

Michal Hrabovský, Karol Mičieta: Nové nálezy ambrózie palinolistej (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) na Slovensku v roku 2017

Acta Botanica Universitatis Comenianae Vol. 53, 2018

MACROSCOPIC FUNGI OF THE VALLEY OF THE LAMAČSKÝ POTOK STREAM (MALÉ KARPATY MTS.)

Soňa Jančovičová •1, Ján Miškovic1, Dušan Senko2, Sarah Sharifiová1

1Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany, Révová 39, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia 2Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia

Received 8 November 2018; Received in revised form 15 November 2018; Accepted 23 November 2018

Abstract

The valley of the Lamačský potok stream is situated in the city of Bratislava, in the Malé Karpaty Mts. It is a part of the Protected Landscape Area of Malé Karpaty. In the upper part of the stream, in four designated stands, the diversity of macroscopic fungi was studied in the years 2016 and 2017. Based on our own phytosociological relevés and a map of the potential natural vegetation of Slovakia, the vegetation of the studied area is classified as Carici pilosae-Carpinetum betuli Neuhäusl et Neuhäuslová-Novotná 1964. In total, 88 taxa were found in the studied area, 82 of them belonging to Basidiomycota and six to Ascomycota. Each taxon is documented by a herbarium specimen; in total, 119 specimens are stored in the SLO herbarium. For each collection there is data available concerning the substrate, the host or associated plants. The majority of the fugal taxa were found to have saprotrophic growth, predominantly on lying tree trunks of Alnu glutinosa and Carpinus betulus with a decay stage classified as 3 or even 4. By comparing our own findings with literature regarding the location, a number of 25 taxa were probably not yet informed on, e.g. Crepidotus crocophyllus, Entomoma euchroum, Flammulaster limulatus, Naucoria scolecina and Pholiota limonella.

Key words: Ascomycota, Basidomycota, ecology, Bratislava, SLO

Introduction Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia, spreads on the area of 367.6 km² and falls into four phytogeographical units: Devínska Kobyla Mts., Podunajská nžina Lowland, Malé Karpaty Mts. and Záhorská nížina Lowland (Anonymus 1). The mosaic of anthropogenic over semi-natural to natural habitats in this city offer many opportunities for nature-related research, including research into fungi. In this connection, several master's theses were produced at the Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, e. g. the thesis by Križanová (2002) on macroskopic fungi of the Železná studienka (Bratislava, Malé Karpaty Mts.) or by Ďuriška (2010a) on macroscopic fungi of the Fialková dolina Nature Reserve (Bratislava, Devínska Kobyla Mts). In the city of Bratis- lava, there are many places challenging for similar research and one of them is a valley hollowed by the Lamačský potok stream. In the years 2016 and 2017, the research aimed to find out the diversity of macroscopic fungi was held in this valley; and the results of this research are presented and discuss- ed in the final master's thesis by Sharifiová (2018) as well in this paper. The Lamačský potok stream rises in the Malé Karpaty Mts., southwestern from the locality Kačín. It is a left side afflux of the Vapenický potok stream that flows into the Mláka stream and the latter into the Morava River. The flow of the Lamačský potok stream can be divided into three segments: the upper, middle and lower parts. The upper part reaches down to the border of the urban area Lamač –

• Corresponding author: Soňa Jančovičová; [email protected]

Plánky, the middle part to the D2 highway, and the lower part to the confluence with the Vápenický potok stream (Marek Poláš pers. com.). Our research took place in the upper part of the Lamačský potok stream (Fig. 1). The geological bedrock of the valley of the Lamačský potok stream constitutes of delluvial sediments on granites and granodiorites; the most spread soil type in the area is Eutric Cambisol, locally Eutric Ranker (Krná- čová 2006a, 2006b). The study area pertains to warm climatic region with 50 or more summer days annually in average, subregion T2 warm, dry, with mild winter (Lapin et al. 2002). The mean January air temperature is –3 °C, the mean July air temperature is 19 °C (Šťastný et al. 2002a, 200b). The Lamačský potok stream is also known under the name of Cigánsky potok (“Gipsy stream”). It is from the German name “Zigeuner Bachl” from the year 1754 referring to gipsies who bivouacked there (Horváth 1990). Accordingly, the valley of the Lamčský potok stream is also called „Cigánsky jarok“ (jarok – ditch) (Bizubová 1999).

Material and Methods Studied area. The research of macroscopic fungi of the valley of the Lamačský potok stream was realized in four designated stands A, B, C and D (Fig. 1). They are the areas through which the Lamač- ský potok stream flows; their length is about 200 to 400 metres and width about 20 meters (some kind of rectangles). The fungal material was collected at both stream banks at the area about 10 metres from the streambed. The latitude and longitude positions as well the altitude were read from the GPS Garmin eTrex20× (in system WGS 84). Stand A. The GPS coordinates of the endpoints: 48° 11’ 55” N, 17° 3’ 16.2” E − 48° 12’ 5.6” N, 17° 3’ 26.8” E, altitude c. 220 − 280 m a. s. l., lenght: c. 400 m. Walking northward the Havelková street (in the housing estate Podháj), in the point where the road is substituted by the footpath, here is the entry to the forest and the beginning of the stand A. The Lamačský potok stream flows through the valley in the north-southern direction, but it deflects somewhat eastward in the stand A. The streambed is rather narrow and both stream banks are bordered by the steep slopes almost along the whole length of the stand. At the beginning, the footpath on the right stream bank is rather high above the streambed. As moved further, the footpath descends towards the streambed and remains more or less at the same level to the end of the stand A. About 60 metres from the beginning of the stand A, here is a small waterfall. Stand B. The GPS coordinates of the endpoints: 48° 12’ 5.6” N, 17° 3’ 26.8” E − 48° 12’ 11.2” N, 17° 3’ 26.2” E, altitude c. 260 − 270 m a. s. l., lenght: c. 200 m. Continuing in the northern direction, the stand B adjoins the stand A. It is in the point where a wooden footbridge leads over the Lamačský potok stream (a fireplace is nearby). Crossing the stream, the footpath runs along the left stream bank. In dependence on water capacity, the water level is somewhat below to almost at the footpath level. In the stand B, the sediments in the meander bend are distinctly raised above the stream level. The stand ends at the crossing point, where the footpath leads into the forest road. Stand C. The GPS coordinates of the endpoints: 48° 12’ 21.7” N, 17° 3’ 29.5” E − 48° 12’ 33.1” N, 17° 3’ 30.9” E, altitude c. 270 – 295 m a. s. l., lenght: c. 350 m. Going on northward, the stand C begins about 300 metres from the end of the stand B. It is the point where the Lamačský potok stream flows underneath the footpath. Situated on the left stream bank, the footpath is more or less parallel with the meandering stream in this stand. The streambed is rather wide and shallow. Stand D. The GPS coordinates of the endpoints: 48° 12’ 33.1” N, 17° 3’ 30.9” E − 48° 12’ 42.8” N, 17° 3’ 23.9” E, altitude c. 290 – 300 m a. s. l., lenght: c. 330 m. At the end of the stand C, it is in the point where the Lamačský potok stream flows underneath the footpath, here is the beginning of the stand D. Now being on the right bank, the footpath is more and more distant from the streambed. Deflected north-eastward, the streambed is narrower than in the stand C and usually dry-wash in summer.

Phytosociological relevés. The phytosociological relevés were done in accordance with the meth- odology of Zürich-Montpellier school (Braun-Blanquet 1964), using the cover-abundance scale by Barkman et al. (1964). Two phytosociological relevés were done in the stand A and one in the stands B, C and D.

Fungal material. The material, i.e. fruiting bodies visible to the naked eye of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were collected, identified and processed by standard mycological techniques (e.g. Dermek, Lizoň 1980, Holec et al. 2012). Altogether16 field excursions were done, one trip in year 2016 and the rest in year 2017 (mostly in May, September and October). The specimens are kept in the herbarium SLO (the herbarium of the Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany). Statistics of microscopic dimensions are based on 30 measurements and given as minimum and maximum values.

Ecological data. Substrate, host and associated plants were noted for each fungal collection in accordance with Ripková et al. (2007). The scales 1 to 5 used for determining the wood decay stage (cf. Ripková et al. 2007) mean: 1st decay stage – living (standing) wood, not yet (visible) demaged by decay. 2nd decay stage – wood (mostly lying) with indistinct or weak marks of decay; wood and bark weakly disrupted. 3rd decay stage – wood with partially to distinctly damaged bark and wood structure, usually covered by mosses. 4th decay stage – wood with hardly damaged bark (often without bark) and wood structure, often loose its original form, disrupted to still recognizable pieces of wood and bark; often with dense cover of mosses. 5th decay stage – rotten, almost humified wood, becoming an integral component of soil.

Nomenclature. The nomenclature of fungi, except Daedaleopsis and Melanoleuca taxa follows the Index Fungorum database (Kirk 2018). Taxonomic concept and nomenclature of Daedaleopsis taxa is in accordance with Koukol et al. (2014), of Melanoleuca with Antonín et al. (2015). The scientific names of bryophytes are in accordance with Kubinská, Janovicová (1998), of ferns and flowering plants with Marhold (1998). The nomenclature of vegetation units follows Boublík et al. (2013).

Results

Vegetation Based on our own field research (phytosociological relevés see below), the vegetation of the studied area (in the stands A, B, C and D; Fig. 1) is primarily formed by woody species Carpinus betulus, Tilia cordata, Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer campestre and Corylus avellana, and by herbs Carex pilosa, Convallaria majalis, Galium odoratum and Viola reichenbachia. These species are characteristic for Carpathian oak-hornbeam forests and we have assigned the vegetation of the studied area into the union Carpinion betuli Issler 1931, the association Carici pilosae-Carpinetum betuli Neuhäusl et Neuhäuslová-Novotná 1964 (Boublík et al. 2013). It is in accordance with the map of the potential natural vegetation of Slovakia (Michalko et al. 1986), where the vegetation of the valley of the Lamačský potok stream represents Carpathian oak-hornbeam woods (Carici pilosae- Carpinenion betuli). Besides the species characteristic for oak-hornbeam forest, there occur also some hydrophilous species in the streambed of the Lamačský potok and its close proximity, such as Alnus glutinosa, Carex remota, Lythrum salicaria and Persicaria hydropiper. These species are characteristic for the union Alnion glutinosae Malcuit 1929.

Stand A. In the stand, phytosociological relevés A1 and A2 were done. The treelayer is dominated by Carpinus betulus and Alnus glutinosa with admixed Acer campestre, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris and evergreen liana Hedera helix. The shrublayer is primarily represented by Sambucus nigra whose juveniles occur also in the herblayer. The herblayer is mostly developed in spring. It is mainly occupied by Hedera helix and other species preferring nutrient-rich and moist places such as Galeob- dolon luteum and Impatiens parviflora. Relevé A1. Bratislava city, the municipal part of Záhorská Bystrica, the valley of the Lamačský potok stream, right stream bank, stand A, 48° 11’ 58.7” N, 17° 3’ 20.1” E, alt. 215 m a. s. l., relevé area 60 × 2 m, slope: 0°, total cover: 100 %, E3: 100 %, E2: 1 %, E1: 30 %, 7 June 2017, S. Kubalová, S. Sharifiová. E3: Carpinus betulus 5, Acer campestre 2b, Fagus sylvatica 1, Hedera helix 1, Pinus sylvestris 1; E2: Sambucus nigra 1, Carpinus

31 betulus +, Acer campestre r, Taxus baccata r; E1: Hedera helix 2b, Galeobdolon luteum 2a, Impatiens parviflora 2a, Sambucus nigra 1, Alliaria petiolata +, Anemone nemorosa +, Acer campestre r, Corylus avellana r, Euony- mus verrucosus r, Galium aparine r, Geranium robertianum r, Ribes nigrum r, Swida sanguinea r, Urtica dioica r. Relevé A2. Bratislava city, the municipal part of Záhorská Bystrica, the valley of the Lamačský potok stream, right stream bank, stand A, 48° 12’ 1.4” N, 17° 3’ 25.7” E, alt. 215 m a. s. l., relevé area 60 × 2 m, slope: 60°, total cover: 100 %, E3: 100 %, E2: 1 %, E1: 10 %, 7 June 2017, S. Kubalová, S. Sharifiová. E3: Alnus glutinosa 5, Acer campestre 1; E2: Sambucus nigra 1, Carpinus betulus r; E1: Hedera helix 2b, Impatiens parviflora 2a, Ane- mone nemorosa +, Sambucus nigra +, Acer campestre r, Carex remota r, Fagus sylvatica r, Fraxinus excelsior r, Solanum nigrum r.

Stand B. In the stand, phytosociological relevé B was done. Vegetation-forming woody species of the treelayer are represented by Alnus glutinosa and Carpinus betulus, Robinia pseudoacacia is relatively abundant. The shrublayer is mainly formed by Sambucus nigra and Acer pseudoplatanus. The herblayer is far dominated by Hedera helix and Impatiens parviflora, followed by juveniles of Acer pseudoplatanus. Relevé B. Bratislava city, the municipal parts of Lamač and Záhorská Bystrica, the valley of the Lamačský potok stream, stand B, 48° 12’ 9.8” N, 17° 3’ 24.8” E, alt. 260 m a. s. l., relevé area 10 × 40 m, slope: 0°, total cover: 100%, E3: 75 %, E2: 15 %, E1: 60 %, 1 August 2017, J. Miškovic, S. Jančovičová, S. Sharifiová. E3: Alnus glutinosa 3, Carpinus betulus 3, Robinia pseudoacacia 2a; E2: Acer pseudoplatanus 1, Sambucus nigra 1, Fagus sylvatica +, Robinia pseudoacacia +; E1: Hedera helix 2b, Impatiens parviflora 2b, Acer pseudoplatanus 1, Acer campestre +, Aegopodium podagraria +, Ajuga reptans +, Asarum europaeum +, Athyrium filix-femina +, Carex pendula +, Carex remota +, Carex sylvatica +, Circaea lutetiana +, Dryopteris filix-mas +, Euonymus europaeus +, Fagus sylvatica +, Galeobdolon luteum +, Geum urbanum +, Oxalis acetosella +, Polygonatum multiflorum +, Ribes nigrum +, Robinia pseudoacacia +, Rubus sp. +, Sambucus nigra +, Stellaria holostea +, Swida sanguinea +, Viola reichenbachiana +, Carpinus betulus r.

Stand C. In the stand, phytosociological relevé C was done. The treelayer is mainly formed by Alnus glutinosa, less by Carpinus betulus. The shrublayer is mainly composed of Corylus avellana and Padus avium. The herblayer is mainly represented by Athyrium filix-femina, Carex remota, Impa- tiens parviflora, Melica uniflora and juveniles of woody species Carpinus betulus. Relevé C. Bratislava city, the municipal parts of Lamač and Záhorská Bystrica, the valley of the Lamačský potok stream, stand C, 48° 12’ 29.7” N, 17° 3’ 29.8” E, alt. 280 m a. s. l., relevé area 10 × 40 m, slope: 0°, total cover: 100 %, E3: 70 %, E2: 15 %, E1: 30 %, 1 August 2017, J. Miškovic, S. Jančovičová, S. Sharifiová. E3: Alnus glutinosa 4, Carpinus betulus 2b; E2: Corylus avellana 1, Padus avium 1, Sambucus nigra +; E1: Athyrium filix-femina 1, Carex remota 1, Carpinus betulus 1, Impatiens parviflora 1, Melica uniflora 1, Aegopodium podagraria +, Carex pendula +, Carex pilosa +, Carex sylvatica +, Circaea lutetiana +, Dryopteris filix-mas +, Galeobdolon luteum +, Galeopsis bifida +, Galium odoratum +, Geum urbanum +, Impatiens noli-tangere +, Knautia arvensis +, Knautia maxima +, Lythrum salicaria +, Maianthemum bifolium +, Oxalis acetosella +, Persicaria hydropiper +, Polygonatum multiflorum +, Pulmonaria officinalis +, Sanicula europaea +, Stellaria holostea +, Stellaria media +, Urtica dioica +, Viola reichenbachiana.

Stand D. In the stand, phytosociological relevé D was done. The treelayer is primarily occupied by Alnus glutinosa, less by Carpinus betulus and by sporadically occured Tilia cordata whose juveniles are present also in the shrublayer. The herblayer is mainly formed by Carex pilosa, Carex remota, Impatiens parviflora and Stellaria holostea, less by Athyrium filix-femina and Melica uniflora. Relevé D. Bratislava city, the municipal parts of Lamač and Záhorská Bystrica, the valley of the Lamačský potok stream, stand D, 48° 12’ 38.9” N, 17° 3’ 27.6” E, alt. 300 m a. s. l., relevé area 10 × 40 m, slope: 5°, total cover: 100 %, E3: 80 %, E2: 5 %, E1: 30 %, 25 July 2017, J. Miškovic, S. Jančovičová, S. Sharifiová. E3: Alnus glutinosa 4, Carpinus betulus 3, Tilia cordata 1; E2: Tilia cordata 1, Carpinus betulus +, Corylus avellana +;

E1: Carex pilosa 2b, Carex remota 2a, Impatiens parviflora 2a, Stellaria holostea 2a, Athyrium filix-femina 1, Dryopteris filix-mas 1, Melica uniflora 1, Acer pseudoplatanus +, Aegopodium podagraria +, Alnus glutinosa +, Convallaria majalis +, Fagus sylvatica +, Fraxinus excelsior +, Galium odoratum +, Impatiens noli-tangere +, Knautia arvensis +, Knautia maxima +, Mycelis muralis +, Paris quadrifolia +, Polygonatum multiflorum +, Quercus petraea agg. +, Ranunculus repens +, Sanicula europaea +, Urtica dioica +, Viola reichenbachiana +.

Fig. 1. The research of macroscopic fungi of the valley of the Lamačský potok stream was realized in four designated stands A, B, C and D in the years 2016 and 2017. (Author: D. Senko.)

Macroscopic fungi Our research of the diversity of macroscopic fungi in the valley of the Lamčský potok stream in the years 2016 and 2017 resulted in the identification of 88 taxa, 82 of them from Basidiomycota and six from Ascomycota. Altogether, we have deposited 119 specimens into the herbarium SLO; 15 collections have only been noted (not deposited) (Tab. 1).

Tab. 1. Macroscopic fungi recorded in the valley of the Lamčský potok stream in the years 2016 and 2017 Column I – taxon name; taxon indicated by asterisk (*) is provided with additional information; taxon indicated by square (▪) was published by Križanová (2002) (for more information see the section “Comparison with literature“); column II – stand; column III – substrate, decay stage; column IV – host/associated plant, P – parasitic, S – saprotrophic, M – mycorrhizal; column V – collection day; column VI – herbarium number or abbreviation not. (not. – noted, i.e. not deposited taxa); grey-shaded taxa belong to Ascomycota, the rest to Basidiomycota.

I II III IV V VI ▪Agaricus sylvicola C soil litter Carpinus betulus 5. X. 2017 SLO 2304 (Vittad.) Peck S A soil litter Fagus sylvatica 3. VII. 2017 SLO 2357 S Armillaria gallica D wood of stump, Carpinus betulus 10. X. 2017 SLO 2337 Marxm. & Romagn. 2nd decay stage S A wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 2. XI. 2016 not. 3rd decay stage S C wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 9. IX. 2017 SLO 2341 4th decay stage S D wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2355 3rd decay stage S Ascocoryne sp. A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2386 4th decay stage S ▪Auricularia auricula-judae A bark of fallen trunk, Acer campestre 3. VII. 2017 SLO 2347 rd (Bull.) Quél. 3 decay stage S Bisporella citrina A wood of fallen branch, deciduous tree 10. X. 2017 SLO 2387 (Batsch) Korf & S. E. Carp. 4th decay stage S ▪Bjerkandera adusta A wood of fallen trunk, Alnus glutinosa 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2295 rd (Willd.) P. Karst. 3 decay stage S C wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 26. X. 2017 not. 3rd decay stage S ▪Bolbitius titubans C pieces of wood, deciduous tree 19. X. 2017 SLO 2326 th (Bull.) Fr. 5 decay stage S Chondrostereum purpureum A bark of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 9. IX. 2017 SLO 2310 (Pers.) Pouzar 3rd decay stage S A bark of fallen trunk, Alnus glutinosa 10. X. 2017 SLO 2388 2nd decay stage S Chlorophyllum rhacodes D soil among the grass Tilia cordata, 5. X. 2017 SLO 2350 (Vittad.) Vellinga Carpinus betulus S ▪Clitocybe nebularis A soil litter Acer campestre, 26. X. 2017 SLO 2340 (Batsch) P. Kumm. Alnus glutinosa S Clitocybe phyllophila C soil litter Carpinus betulus 8. VIII. 2017 SLO 2375 (Pers.) P. Kumm. S Clitopilus hobsonii C wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 10. X. 2017 SLO 2308 (Berk.) P. D. Orton 4th decay stage S

Tab. 1. Macroscopic fungi recorded in the valley of the Lamčský potok stream in the years 2016 and 2017 – continuation

I II III IV V VI Coprinellus micaceus A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 5. X. 2017 SLO 2365 (Bull.) Vilgalys, Hopple & 4th decay stage S Jacq. Johnson A wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 10. X. 2017 SLO 2366 3rd decay stage S A wood of fallen trunk, Fagus sylvatica 10. X. 2017 SLO 2369 4th decay stage S D wood of stump, deciduous tree 16. V. 2017 SLO 2370 4th decay stage S Crepidotus applanatus B wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 16. V. 2017 SLO 2236 (Pers.) P. Kumm. 4th decay stage S Crepidotus cesatii C bark of fallen branch, Carpinus betulus 10. X. 2017 SLO 2317 (Rabenh.) Sacc. 3rd decay stage S *Crepidotus crocophyllus B wood of fallen branch, deciduous tree 16. V. 2017 SLO 2288 (Berk.) Sacc. 4th decay stage S ▪Crepidotus variabilis A bark of fallen branch, Carpinus betulus 10. X. 2017 SLO 2327 nd (Pers.) P. Kumm. 2 decay stage S ▪Daedaleopsis confragosa D bark of fallen branch, Alnus glutinosa 16. V. 2017 SLO 2293 rd var. confragosa 3 decay stage S (Bolton) J. Schröt. A bark of fallen branch, Alnus glutinosa 13. V. 2017 not. 2nd decay stage S *Daedaleopsis confragosa A bark of standing trunk, Alnus glutinosa 23. III. 2017 SLO 2270 var. tricolor 1st decay stage P (Pers.) Bondartsev A bark of standing trunk, Alnus glutinosa 2. II. 2017 SLO 2356 2nd decay stage S Echinoderma asperum A soil litter Acer campestre 19. X. 2017 SLO 2285 (Pers.) Bon S *Entoloma euchroum B wood of stump Alnus glutinosa 10. X. 2017 SLO 2344 (Pers.) Donk 4th decay stage S ▪Exidia glandulosa D bark of fallen branch, Fagus sylvatica 10. X. 2017 SLO 2291 nd (Bull.) Fr. 2 decay stage S *Flammulaster limulatus B wood of fallen trunk, Alnus glutinosa 10. X. 2017 SLO 2300 (Fr.) Watling 3rd decay stage S ▪Fomitopsis pinicola B wood of fallen trunk, Alnus glutinosa 16. V. 2017 SLO 2352 rd (Sw.) P. Karst. 3 decay stage S A bark of standing trunk, Alnus glutinosa 13. V. 2017 not. 1st decay stage P ▪Ganoderma applanatum A bark of stump deciduous tree 23. III. 2017 SLO 2305 rd (Pers.) Pat. 3 decay stage S C bark of standing trunk, Alnus glutinosa 13. V. 2017 not. 1st decay stage P D wood of fallen trunk, Alnus glutinosa 3. VII. 2017 SLO 2325 4th decay stage S A bark of standing trunk, Carpinus betulus 13. V. 2017 SLO 2349 1st decay stage P *Gymnopilus picreus A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 26. X. 2017 SLO 2331 (Pers.) P. Karst. 4th decay stage S *Gymnopus aquosus D naked soil Carpinus betulus 13. V. 2017 SLO 2296 (Bull.) Antonín & Noordel. S

Tab. 1. Macroscopic fungi recorded in the valley of the Lamčský potok stream in the years 2016 and 2017 – continuation

I II III IV V VI Gymnopus dryophilus B soil litter Carpinus betulus 5. X. 2017 SLO 2372 (Bull.) Murrill S Hapalopilus rutilans A bark of fallen branch, Carpinus betulus 10. X. 2017 SLO 2316 (Pers.) Murrill 2nd decay stage S B bark of fallen branch Carpinus betulus 19. X. 2017 not. 3rd decay stage S Hohenbuehelia atrocoerulea C bark of fallen trunk, Alnus glutinosa 10. X. 2017 SLO 2284 (Fr.) Singer 2nd decay stage S ▪Hymenochaete rubiginosa D wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 12. VI. 2017 SLO 2313 rd (Dicks.) Lév. 3 decay stage S A bark of stump deciduous tree 16. V. 2017 not. 4th decay stage S B wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 16. V. 2017 not. 3rd decay stage S ▪Hymenopellis radicata C pieces of wood, deciduous tree 5. X. 2017 SLO 2283 th (Relhan) R. H. Petersen 5 decay stage S *▪Hypholoma fasciculare B wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2315 rd (Huds.) P. Kumm. 3 decay stage S A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 19. X. 2017 not. 4th decay stage S ▪Hypholoma lateritium A wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 9. IX. 2017 SLO 2330 th (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 4 decay stage S Hypoxylon fragiforme A bark of fallen branch Fagus sylvatica 13. V. 2017 SLO 2314 (Pers.) J. Kickx f. 2nd decay stage S Inocybe assimilata B soil litter Carpinus betulus 4. XII. 2017 SLO 2371 Britzelm. M ▪Laccaria laccata A soil litter Alnus glutinosa 5. X. 2017 SLO 2363 (Scop.) Cooke M Lactarius subdulcis A soil litter Fagus sylvatica 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2312 (Pers.) Gray M ▪Laetiporus sulphureus D wood of standing trunk, Quercus petraea agg. 23. III. 2017 SLO 2303 st (Bull.) Murrill 1 decay stage P A bark of standing trunk, Acer campestre 8. VIII. 2017 not. 1st decay stage P Leucoagaricus sericifer A soil litter Fagus sylvatica 5. X. 2017 SLO 2322 (Locq.) Vellinga S Leucopaxillus giganteus A soil litter Fagus sylvatica 26. X. 2017 SLO 2332 (Sowerby) Singer S Lycoperdon nigrescens C soil litter Carpinus betulus 10. X. 2017 SLO 2368 Pers. S Lycoperdon perlatum D naked soil Alnus glutinosa 5. X. 2017 SLO 2346 Pers. S C naked soil Alnus glutinosa 12. VI. 2017 not. S Lycoperdon pyriforme A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2323 Schaeff. 4th decay stage S Marasmius cohaerens A soil litter Acer campestre, 26. X. 2017 SLO 2281 (Pers.) Cooke & Quél. Alnus glutinosa S

Tab. 1. Macroscopic fungi recorded in the valley of the Lamčský potok stream in the years 2016 and 2017 – continuation

I II III IV V VI ▪Megacollybia platyphylla C soil litter Fagus sylvatica 10. X. 2017 SLO 2301 (Pers.) Kotl. & Pouzar S *Melanoleuca cf. malenconii A naked soil Pinus sylvestris 26. X. 2017 SLO 2338 Bon S Mucidula mucida A bark of fallen trunk, Fagus sylvatica 9. IX. 2017 SLO 2342 (Schrad.) Pat. 3rd decay stage S ▪Mycena crocata D wood of fallen branch, Carpinus betulus 5. X. 2017 SLO 2328 rd (Schrad.) P. Kumm. 3 decay stage S D wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 8. VIII. 2017 SLO 2345 4th decay stage S Mycena filopes A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 10. X. 2017 SLO 2289 (Bull.) P. Kumm. 4th decay stage S ▪Mycena galericulata A wood of fallen trunk, Fagus sylvatica 10. V. 2017 SLO 2333 nd (Scop.) Gray 2 decay stage S C wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 19. X. 2017 SLO 2387 4th decay stage S A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 19. X. 2017 SLO 2381 4th decay stage S Mycena haematopus C wood of stump Carpinus betulus 16. V. 2017 SLO 2298 (Pers.) P. Kumm. 3rd decay stage S D wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2380 3rd decay stage S ▪Mycena pura C soil litter Carpinus betulus 5. X. 2017 SLO 2359 (Pers.) P. Kumm. S ▪Mycena renati D wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 10. X. 2017 SLO 2302 nd Quél. 2 decay stage S ▪Mycena rosea C soil litter Alnus glutinosa 3. VII. 2017 SLO 2383 Gramberg S Mycena vitilis A pieces of wood, deciduous tree 8. VIII. 2017 SLO 2339 (Fr.) Quél. 5th decay stage S *Naucoria scolecina C naked soil Alnus glutinosa 10. X. 2017 SLO 2367 (Fr.) Quél. M ▪Panellus stipticus B wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 2. II. 2017 SLO 2299 th (Bull.) P. Karst. 4 decay stage S A wood of fallen trunk, Fagus sylvatica 23. 3. 2017 SLO 2318 2nd decay stage S D wood of fallen branch, deciduous tree 9. IX. 2017 SLO 2335 4th decay stage S ▪Paralepista flaccida C soil litter Alnus glutinosa 8. VIII. 2017 SLO 2376 (Sowerby) Vizzini S C soil litter Carpinus betulus 19. X. 2017 SLO 2379 S A soil litter Carpinus betulus 26. X. 2017 SLO 2311 S Paxillus filamentosus B soil litter Alnus glutinosa 3. VII. 2017 SLO 2271 (Scop.) Fr. M

Tab. 1. Macroscopic fungi recorded in the valley of the Lamčský potok stream in the years 2016 and 2017 – continuation

I II III IV V VI ▪Paxillus involutus A soil litter Fagus sylvatica 5. X. 2017 SLO 2320 (Batsch) Fr. M C soil litter Carpinus betulus, 19. X. 2017 SLO 2373 Fagus sylvatica, Acer campestre M Peziza sp. A naked soil Fagus sylvatica, 13. V. 2017 SLO 2319 Carpinus betulus S ▪Phallus impudicus B soil litter Carpinus betulus 12. VI. 2017 SLO 2324 L. M Phlebia tremellosa B wood of fallen trunk, Alnus glutinosa 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2309 (Schrad.) Nakasone & Burds. 3rd decay stage S C wood of stump, Carpinus betulus 2. XI. 2016 not. 2nd decay stage S A wood of fallen trunk, Alnus glutinosa 10. X. 2017 SLO 2321 3rd decay stage S A wood of stump, Carpinus betulus 19. X. 2017 SLO 2382 2nd decay stage S *Pholiota limonella A wood of standing trunk (in Alnus glutinosa 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2358 (Peck) Sacc. the cavity at the tree base) P 1st decay stage ▪Pleurotus ostreatus A wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 10. X. 2017 SLO 2306 rd (Jacq.) P. Kumm 3 decay stage S D bark of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 5. X. 2017 SLO 2334 2nd decay stage S Pluteus atromarginatus A wood of fallen trunk, Pinus sylvestris 12. VI. 2017 SLO 2274 (Konrad) Kühner 2nd decay stage S ▪Pluteus cervinus D wood of fallen trunk, Alnus glutinosa 5. X. 2017 SLO 2272 rd (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 3 decay stage S B wood of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 19.X.2017 SLO 2275 3rd decay stage S A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 26. X. 2017 SLO 2276 4th decay stage S C wood of stump, Alnus glutinosa 5. X. 2017 SLO 2277 3rd decay stage S A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 16. V. 2017 SLO 2278 4th decay stage S D wood of stump, Carpinus betulus 10. X. 2017 SLO 2279 3rd decay stage S A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 8. VIII. 2017 SLO 2280 4th decay stage S Pluteus leoninus C wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 10. X. 2017 SLO 2329 (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 4th decay stage S Pluteus nanus A wood of stump, deciduous tree 26. X. 2017 SLO 2286 (Pers.) P. Kumm. 4th decay stage S A wood of stump, Fagus sylvatica 10. X. 2017 SLO 2377 3rd decay stage S Pluteus salicinus A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 26. X. 2017 SLO 2273 (Pers.) P. Kumm. 3rd decay stage S

Tab. 1. Macroscopic fungi recorded in the valley of the Lamčský potok stream in the years 2016 and 2017 – continuation

I II III IV V VI Psathyrella candolleana A soil litter Carpinus betulus 8. VIII. 2017 SLO 2385 (Fr.) Maire S Psathyrella piluliformis A wood of fallen trunk, deciduous tree 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2364 (Bull.) P. D. Orton 4th decay stage S B wood of fallen trunk, Alnus glutinosa 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2384 3rd decay stage S Rickenella fibula D moss covering fallen trunk Brachythecium 3. VII. 2017 not. (Bull.) Raithelh. rutabulum P ▪Russula cyanoxantha A soil among the grass Carpinus betulus 26. X. 2017 SLO 2360 (Schaeff.) Fr. M Russula parazurea A soil litter Carpinus betulus 26. X. 2017 SLO 2362 Jul. Schäff. M Russula solaris A soil litter Fagus sylvatica 26. X. 2017 SLO 2361 Ferd. & Winge M I II III IV V VI ▪Schizophyllum commune D bark of fallen branch, Alnus glutinosa 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2287 nd Fr. 2 decay stage S A bark of fallen trunk, Acer campestre 2. XI. 2016 not. 3rd decay stage S C bark of fallen branch, Carpinus betulus 23. III. 2017 SLO 2348 2nd decay stage S ▪Stereum hirsutum A wood of fallen trunk, Fagus sylvatica 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2290 rd (Willd.) Pers. 3 decay stage S *Stereum subtomentosum A wood of fallen trunk, Fagus sylvatica 13. V. 2017 SLO 2292 Pouzar 2nd decay stage S B bark of fallen trunk, Carpinus betulus 2. XI. 2016 SLO 2343 3rd decay stage S Stropharia caerulea C naked soil Carpinus betulus 19. X. 2017 SLO 2351 Kreisel S ▪Trametes gibbosa A wood of staning trunk, Fagus sylvatica 23. III. 2017 SLO 2307 st (Pers.) Fr. 1 decay stage P B wood of stump, Alnus glutinosa 2. II. 2017 not. 2nd decay stage S ▪Trametes versicolor A wood of fallen branch, deciduous tree 23. III. 2017 SLO 2353 th (L.) Lloyd 4 decay stage S Trichaptum biforme C wood of fallen branch, Alnus glutinosa 16. V. 2017 SLO 2354 (Fr.) Ryvarden 3rd decay stage S Tubaria furfuracea A pieces of wood, deciduous tree 2. II. 2017 SLO 2294 (Pers.) Gillet 5th decay stage S Xanthoporia radiata A bark of fallen trunk, Alnus glutinosa 10. X. 2017 SLO 2374 (Sowerby) Tura, Zmitr., 3rd decay stage S Wasser, Raats & Nevo ▪Xylaria hypoxylon A bark of fallen trunk, Fagus sylvatica 4. XII. 2017 SLO 2297 th (L.) Grev. 4 decay stage S Xylaria longipes A wood of fallen trunk, Fagus sylvatica 4. XII. 2017 SLO 2282 Nitschke 3rd decay stage S

Taxa of special interest. Here we present additional information on the taxa we think are of special interest at threat, ecological or taxonomic level. ▪ Crepidotus crocophyllus. It is a red-listed species in Slovakia, classified in the category VU – vulnerable (Lizoň 2001). It is also protected by the Regulation of the Ministry of Environment of Slovak Republic No. 579/2008. Crepidotus crocophyllus is known as characteristic species of mixed oak-elm-ash forests along rivers (Kotlaba 1995). Numeroues records of this species from the Danu- bian floodplain forests (Ulmenion Oberd. 1953) in Slovakia were published e.g. by Ripková et al. (2005). In our studied area, we have collected this species in the stand B, on wood of fallen branch of deciduous tree of the 4th decay stage. The collections from oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinion betuli Issler 1931) are sporadic, presented e.g. by Ďuriška (2010b) and Ďuriška et al. (2012). ▪ Daedaleopsis confragosa var. tricolor. Some authors, e.g. Ryvarden, Melo (2014) and Hagara (2014) consider Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bull.) J. Schröt. and D. tricolor (Pers.) Bondartsev & Sin- ger to be distinct species. We have followed the concept by Koukol et al. (2014) who treat D. tricolor as a variety of D. confragosa, because their molecular data do not support the species separation. In our studied area, we have collected both taxa and both of them on Alnus glutinosa. Koukol et al. (2014) present as host woody plants for D. confragosa var. confragosa: Corylus colurna, Prunus avium and Salix caprea, and for D. confragosa var. tricolor: Prunus avium and Fagus sylvatica. ▪ Entoloma euchroum. It is a red-listed species in Slovakia, classified in the category LR:nt – Lower Risk:Near Threatened (Lizoň 2001). It is easy to identify the species based on the following morphological and ecological characteristics: the young pileus, stipe and lamellae are violet-blue but soon become violet-brown, lamella edge is brown; basidiomata grow single or in small groups on livig or dead wood (cf. Noordeloos 2012). Entoloma euchroum prefers moist habitats, especialy in riparian alder forests, but also in oak-hornbeam and beech forests (Holec et al. 2012). We have collected the species in the stand B, on wood of stump of Alnus glutinosa of the 4th decay stage. ▪ Flammulaster limulatus. Christensen et al. (2004) included Flammulaster limulatus among fungal indicator species of nature value in European beech forests. We have collected the species in the stand B, on wood of fallen trunk of Alnus glutinosa of the 3rd decay stage. ▪ Gymnopilus picreus. The distinguishing characters of G. picreus are: growth on decaying wood, pileus and stipe with red-brown to reddish rusty tinges, stipe dark brown; spores 8 – 11 × 5 – 6.5 µm, ovoid-amygdaloid, coarsely verrucse, with a suprahilar plage (Holec et al. 2012, Holec 2012). Mor- phologically, our collection corresponds to this species. However, there are some discrepancies between ecological preferences of G. picreus described by Holec (2005, 2012) and our own collection. According to Holec (2005, 2012) G. picreus grows in coniferous or mixed forests on dead wood of conifers (Picea abies, Pinus), rarely of deciduous trees (Betula, Fagus sylvatica); it prefers mountain- ous areas (altitude 700 – 1300 m a. s. l.). We have collected G. picreus in oak-hornbeam forest with the dominance of Alnus glutinosa in the streambed, at the altitude of c. 250 m a. s. l. (in the stand A); it grows on wood of fallen trunk of deciduous (closer unidentified) tree. ▪ Hypholoma fasciculare. Some authors, e.g. Holec et al. (2012) distinguish two separate species: Hypholoma fasciculare and H. subviride (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Dennis. They look alike, but basidiomata of H. subviride are distinctly smaller (H. subviride has pileus 10 – 25 mm and stipe 2 – 3 mm broad, while H. fasciculare has pileus 20 – 60 mm and stipe 3 – 7 mm broad). During our reseacrh we used to find basidiomata with the characteristics as described for H. subviride (cf. Holec et al. 2012). However, we have not collected any material and, therefore, we can not prove the occurence of this species in the studied area. ▪ Melanoleuca cf. malenconii. In the stand A, we have collected basidiomata of Melanoleuca species growing on soil under Pinus sylvestris. Following the identification key by Vesterholt (2012) (in the Funga Nordica), the morphological characters of our collection agree with Melanoleuca brevipes (Bull.) Pat.: stem is much shorter (c. 30 mm) than pileus diameter (c. 55 mm), bulbous at the base, grey-brown, longitudinally fibrillose, with grey-brown context in the stipe base; pileus grey to ochre- ceous with dark brown centre; cheilocystidia urticoid with apical crystals; spores ellipsoid, verrucose, measuring 7 – 8 × 4.5 – 6 µm. However, Antonín et al. (2015) revelaed that specimens identified as M. brevipes belonged to three species, M. humilis (Pers.) Pat., M. grammopodia (Bull.) Fayod and M. malenconii, and they, therefore, consider M. brevipes a dubious name. Following the study by

Antonín et al. (2015), the morphological characters of our collection fit to M. malenconii, but to be absolutely sure, we think, molecular analysis is needed. ▪ Naucoria scolecina. Numerous basidiomata of Naucoria scolenica appeared in the stand C in October 2017. Forming ectomycorrhiza with alder (Alnus) trees, basidiomata of N. scolecina are of mycenoid to collybioid habitus, with indistinct smell. The pilei of our collection were up to 2 cm in diameter, conical, convex to applanate, yellow-brown to cinnamon-brown, translucently striate almost to the centre; stipe was about 20 – 40 × 2 mm large, cylindrical, at the base somewhat broader, often flexuous, light brown, later red-brown, turning darker brown from the base, longitudinally whitish fibrillose. Under the light microscop, we have observed characteristic urticoid cheilocystidia and fusiform to almond-shaped, rugulose, 10 – 12 × 5 – 6 µm spores (cf. Vesterholt, Heilmann-Clausen 2012). ▪ Pholiota limonella. Collected in November 2016, Pholiota limonella was among our first collections in the studied area. Basidiomata grew in clump on wood in the cavity at the tree base of standing Alnus glutinosa of the 1st decay stage. The spore size of our collection is 7 – 9.5 × 4 – 5.5 µm. Similar in habitus, P. adiposa (Batsch) P. Kumm. has broader spores, measuring 7.5 – 10 × 5 – 6 µm (cf. Ja- cobsson 2012). Hagara (2014) regards P. limonella as a rare species that should be protect. ▪ Stereum subtomentosum. It is a red-listed species in Slovakia, classified in the category DD – Data Deficient (Lizoň 2001).

Trophic requirements. During our research, ten of all recorded fungi formed mycorrhiza, seven grew parasitically or saproparasitically, and the rest (71) were saprotrophs (Tab. 1). ▪ Mycorrhizal fungi. Ten mycorrhizal species (according to Gryndler et al. 2004 and Knudsen, Vesterholt 2012) grew in association with woody species: Inocybe assimilata with Carpinus betulus, Laccaria laccata with Alnus glutionsa, Lactarius subdulcis with Fagus sylvatica, Naucoria scolecina with Alnus glutinosa, Paxillus filamentosus with Alnus glutinosa, P. involutus with Acer campestre, Carpinus betulus and Fagus sylvatica, Phallus impudicus with Carpinus betulus, Russula cyanoxantha with Carpinus betulus, R. parazurea with Carpinus betulus, R. solaris with Fagus sylvatica. ▪ Parasitic fungi. We have found out six fungal taxa growing on living standing trees: Daedaleopsis confragosa var. tricolor, Fomitopsis pinicola and Pholiota limonella on Alnus glutinosa; Ganoderma applanatum on Alnus glutinosa and Carpinus betulus; Laetiporus sulphureus on Quercus petraea agg. and Acer campestre; Trametes gibbosa on Fagus sylvatica. Species Rickenella fibula grew parasitically on moss Brachythecium rutabulum covering fallen trunk of deciduous tree. ▪ Saprotrophic fungi. Wood-inhabiting fungi were the most recorded saprotrophs (51 taxa). They grew on various substrates, such as trunks, branches, stumps or pieces of wood of the 2nd to 5th decay stage; the host trees were Acer campestre, Alnus glutinosa, Carpinus betulus, Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris. The majority of our collections were found on the fallen trunks of the 3rd and 4th decay stage, and the most inhabited trees were Alnus glutinosa and Carpinus betulus. On soil litter or on naked soil, we have recorded 20 taxa.

Presence and frequency of occurrence. As stated above, our research of the diversity of macroscopic fungi in the valley of the Lamčský potok stream in the years 2016 and 2017 resulted in the identification of 88 taxa, 82 of them from Basidiomycota and six from Ascomycota. During our research, the most often occurred species (with three or more records) were: Armillaria gallica, Coprinellus micaceus, Ganoderma applanatum, Hymnochaete rubiginosa, Mycena galericul- ta, Panellus stipticus, Phlebia tremellosa, Pluteus cervinus and Schizophyllum commune. Comparing the diversity of macroscopic fungi in the individual stands, the most taxa were found out in the stand A (59), less in the stand C (26) and at least in the stands B and D (in both 18 taxa; Tab. 1). The only Pluteus cervinus occurred in all stands, and six species such as Armillaria gallica, Ganoder- ma applanatum, Hymenochaete rubiginosa, Panellus stipticus, Phlebia tremellosa and Schizophyllum commune were recorded in three stands. Considering the more or less similar landscape patern and vegetation in all stands, we supposed the similar fungal diversity. However, the numebr of recorded taxa in the individual stands are disproportionate. The main reason might be that the stands were not

41 visited equally (most frequently visited was the stand A), and that is why their fungal diversity is (currently) incomparable. We think that the number of 88 recorded taxa far from corresponds with a true richness of fungi in the valley of the Lamčský potok stream (our data on ascomycetes, mycorrhizal fungi, shel and bracket fungi are insufficient). In the future, we therefore propose: to continue to do the research; to do the research during more than one season of the year (at least three vegetation seasons; Svrček 1952); to visit all stands equally; to envolve more taxonomic experts into the research.

Comparison with literature. Based on the literature search, 452 taxa of macroscopic fungi were published from of the Malé Karpaty Mts. at the area of Bratislava city in the years 1940 – 2002. We have excerpted publications (in total 66 publications; cf. Sharifiová 2018) which were used to create the checklist of fungi in Slovakia. This checklist was edited by Bacigálová, Lizoň (1998) and later updated by Adamčík et al. (2003). Of all excerpted sources, the only MSc thesis by Križanová (2002) is closely linked to the valley of the Lamčský potok stream and its surroundings. Križanová (2002) published 103 taxa of macroscopic fungi from this area and 34 of them were also recorded during our research (Tab. 1). Our comparison (though incmoplete, as we have not excerpted recent literature) showed that, 25 taxa of macroscopic fungi recorded during our research have not been published and they are probably new for the Malé Karpaty Mts. at the area of Bratislava city: Armillaria gallica, Clitopilus hobsonii, Crepidotus cesatii, Crepidotus crocophyllus, Daedaleopsis confragosa var. tricolor, Entoloma euchroum, Flammulaster limulatus, Gymnopilus picreus, Gymnopus aquosus, Hohenbuehelia atrocoerulea, Lactarius subdulcis, Leucoagaricus sericifer, Leucopaxillus giganteus, Lycoperdon nigrescens, Marasmius cohaerens, Mycena vitilis, Naucoria scolecina, Pholiota limonella, Pluteus nanus, Pluteu- s salicinus, Russula parazurea, Stropharia caerulea, Trichaptum biforme, Tubaria furfuracea and Xylaria longipes.

Acknowledgements We wish to express our thanks to our colleagues: Katarína Mišíková for identification of bryophytes, Miroslav Caboň for identification of Russula collections; Silvia Kubalová kindly helped us with the phytosociological relevés in the stand A, and Ivona Kautmanová with literature. Marek Poláš (Environ- mental Administration Officer, Bratislava – Lamač) provides us with worth information about the Lamačský potok stream. The study was funded by the Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV-15-0210.

References

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Abstrakt Dolina Lamačského potoka sa nachádza na území mesta Bratislavy, v pohorí Malé Karpaty. Je zároveň súčasťou Chránenej krajinnej oblasti Malé Karpaty. V hornej časti toku potoka, na štyroch vymedzených stanovištiach, bola v rokoch 2016 a 2017 skúmaná diverzita makroskopických húb. Na základe vlastných fytocenologických zápisov a mapy potenciálnej prirodzenej vegetácie Slovenska sa vegetácia študovaného územia radí do asociácie Carici pilosae-Carpinetum betuli Neuhäusl et Neu- häuslová-Novotná 1964. Celkovo bolo na skúmanom území zistených 88 taxónov, z nich 82 z Basi- diomycota a šesť z Ascomycota. Každý taxón je doložený herbárovou položkou; celkovo bolo zado- kladovaných 119 zberov, ktoré sú uložené v herbári SLO. O každom náleze sú dostupné údaje o sub- stráte, hostiteľovi, resp. sprievodných rastlinách. Najviac zo zistených taxónov húb rástlo saprotrofne, prevažne na ležiacich kmeňoch Alnus glutinosa a Carpinus betulus so stupňom rozkladu 3 až 4. Porov- naním vlastných zistení s literatúrou nebolo zo skúmaného územia pravdepodobne dosiaľ publikova- ných 25 taxónov, napr. Crepidotus crocophyllus, Entomoma euchroum, Flammulaster limulatus, Naucoria scolecina a Pholiota limonella.

Soňa Jančovičová, Ján Miškovic, Dušan Senko, Sarah Sharifiová: Makroskopické huby doliny Lamačského potoka (Malé Karpaty)

Acta Botanica Universitatis Comenianae Vol. 53, 2018

BRYOPHYTES IN CEMETERIES IN THE SMALL CARPATHIAN REGION (SLOVAKIA)

Katarína Mišíková •, Martina Orbánová, Katarína Godovičová

Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany, Révová 39, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia

Received 5 November 2018; Received in revised form 12 November 2018; Accepted 26 November 2018

Abstract

The bryofloristic research was focused on the species composition of seven cemeteries in three towns in Slovakia – Svätý Jur, Pezinok and Modra. In all studied cemeteries, 65 bryophytes were found, including four liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and 61 mosses (Bryophyta). Two species are registered in the Red List of bryophytes of Slovakia. The highest species number (30) was recorded in the cemetery Modra and the lowest species number (14) in the cemetery Cajla in Pezinok. The most represented families are Pottiaceae (23 %), Brachytheciaceae (16 %) and Bryaceae (14 %). Species with the highest frequency as Amblystegium serpens, Barbula unguiculata, Brachythecium rutabulum, Grimmia pulvinata, Hypnum cupressiforme, Orthotrichum anomalum, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Schistidium apocarpum and Tortula muralis are common in man-affected environment. Species within the life strategies colonists (35) and perennial shuttle (23) are dominant. The bryophyte species richness and composition depends on several factors, especially on size, age, planting and management of the cemetery, the diversity of substrates and micro-habitats.

Key words: biodiversity, Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta, cemetery, ecology

Introduction The Small Carpathian region is bounded by the Malé Karpaty Mts. (Small Carpathian Mountains) and villages in its surrounding, Bratislava city located in the southwest and Horné Orešany town in the northeast. It is the biggest vineyard region in the Slovakia with a vineyard area of 5 000 ha (Kulichová 2011). The lack of knowledge of bryophytes in this region led us to observe the bryophyte flora in seven cemeteries in the towns Svätý Jur, Pezinok and Modra.

Material and Methods Bryological research was carried out during the years 2016 – 2018 in seven cemeteries (Fig. 1). Brief description of the localities is given in the Tab. 1. The altitude values, geographic coordinates and the area size were taken from the Anonymus (1) approximately in the centre of the cemeteries. Bryophytes were collected from these microhabitats: A. Epilithes: A1 – sun-exposed rocky substrates; A2 – partially shadowed rocky substrates; A3 – shadowed rocky substrates; B. Epigeics: B1 – earth covered base of the graveyards; B2 – wet damp soil; B3 – lawns, soil among herb vegetation; C. Epiphytes: C1 – tree bases and trunks (0 up to 50 cm above ground level), C2 – tree trunks (50 cm above ground level and higher); D. Epixylics: dead wood, stumps, wooden benches. The following categories were used to evaluate the influencing factors on species diversity: 1. Built-up area (total built-up area of the cemetery, e. g. graves, mortuary, sacral buildings, drive- way): I – less than 1/2 of the area built-up, II – 2/3 of the area built-up, III – more than 2/3 of the area built-up.

• Corresponding Author: Katarína Mišíková; [email protected]

2. Tree cover: A – less than 1/3 of the area shaded, B – 1/3 to 1/2 of the area shaded, C – 1/2 and more of the area shaded. 3. Location of the cemetery: in – within the town, ex – outside of the town. Herbarium specimens are deposited in the SLO herbarium (Herbarium of the Department of Bota- ny, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava). Nomenclature of taxa and the taxonomic hierarchy follows Hill et al. (2006) and Söderström et al. (2016). Threat categories are listed according to Kubinská et al. (2001). Modified life strategies (C – colonists; P – perennial stayers; AS – annual shuttle species; F – fugitives) are based on Dierssen (2001).

Fig. 1. *Spatial distribution of studied cemeteries within the Small Carpathian region in Slovakia. *for abbreviations see Tab. 1

Tab. 1. Brief description of selected cemeteries

Area size Altitude Town Cemetery GPS coordinates (ha) (m a.s.l.) 48°15'30.23''N 1. Svätý Jur cemetery Neštich 0.15 200 17°12'21.97''E catholic cemetery Svätý Jur, 48°15'14.87''N 2. Svätý Jur 0.95 150 Pezinská street 17°13'03.77''E cemetery Grinava, 48°16'29.32"N 3. Pezinok 0.6 150 Cintorínska street 17°15'05.52"E cemetery Cajla, 48°18'30.75"N 4. Pezinok 0.5 190 Cajlanská street 17°16'15.88"E cemetery Pezinok, 48°17'12.95"N 5. Pezinok 2.6 160 Senecká street 17°16'32.35"E cemetery Modra, 48°19'41.83"N 6. Modra 2.0 160 Dolná street 17°18'51.65"E 48°23'10.14"N 7. Modra – Piesok cemetery Huncokársky 0.09 530 17°16'02.78"E

Results and Discussion Overall, 65 bryophyte species were found in the studied cemeteries, including four liverworts (Fossombronia wondraczekii, Lophocolea bidentata, Marchantia polymorpha, Porella platyphylla) and 61 mosses (Tab. 2). The taxa Fossombronia wondraczekii and Orthotrichum lyellii are red-listed in Slovakia (LR:nt category) (Kubinská et al. 2001). The most species were found in the cemetery Modra (30 species), the lowest species number (14 species) was noted in the cemetery Cajla (Fig. 2). Similar results of species diversity and division abundance were recorded in other cemeteries in Europe. Mišíková, Kubinská (2010) recorded overall 67 species in historical cemeteries in Slovakia (4 liverworts and 63 mosses), Fudali (2001) noticed 63 bryophyte species in Wroclaw (Poland) (3 liverworts, 60 mosses). Roberts, Ghullam (2015) explored bryophyte diversity in Earlham cemetery in Norwich (England) and found 65 species (3 liverworts, 62 mosses). Species with an occurrence in all cemeteries, such as Amblystegium serpens, Barbula unguiculata, Brachythecium rutabulum, Grimmia pulvinata, Hypnum cupressiforme, Orthotrichum anomalum, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Schistidium apocarpum and Tortula muralis, are common in man-affected environment.

Tab. 2. The list of the recorded bryophyte species

No. of locality Fr Species Substrate LS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (%) Amblystegium confervoides + 15 B1 C Amblystegium serpens + + + + + + + 100 A2, A3 B1, B2, B3 P Atrichum undulatum + 15 B2, B3 P Barbula convoluta + + 29 B2 C Barbula unguiculata + + + + + + + 100 A2, B2, B3 C Brachytheciastrum velutinum + + + 43 A2, B2, B3, C1 P Brachythecium albicans + + 29 B1,B2 P Brachythecium rutabulum + + + + + + + 100 A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 P Brachythecium salebrosum + + + + + 72 A3, B1, B2, B3 P Bryum argenteum + + + + + 72 A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 C Bryum bornholmense + 15 A2, A3 C

Tab. 2. The list of the recorded bryophyte species – continuation

Fr Species No. of locality Substrate LS (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bryum caespiticium + + + + + + 86 A1, A2 C Bryum capillare + + 29 A1, A2 C Bryum dichotomum + 15 B1, B2 C Bryum subapiculatum + 15 B1 C Bryum moravicum + 15 A1 C Bryum rubens + 15 A2 C Bryum ruderale + 15 B2 C Ceratodon purpureus + + + 43 A2, D C Cirriphyllum piliferum + + 29 B2, B3 P Dicranella heteromalla + 15 B2, B3 C Dicranella schreberiania + 15 B2, B3 C Dicranella varia + 15 B2 C Didymodon insulanus + + 29 B2 C Didymodon fallax + + + + + 72 B1, B2 C Didymodon rigidulus + + + 43 A1, B1, B2 C Entosthodon fascicularis + 15 B2 AS Fissidens taxifolius + + + 43 B1, B2 C Fossombronia wondraczekii LR:nt + 15 B2 AS Funaria hygrometrica + 15 B2 F Grimmia ovalis + 15 A1 C Grimmia pulvinata + + + + + + + 100 A1, A2, A3, B1 C Homalothecium philippeanum + 15 B2 P Homalothecium sericeum + 15 A2, A3 P Hypnum cupressiforme + + + + + + + 100 A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, D P Kindbergia praelonga + 15 C1 P Leucodon sciuroides + 15 A2 P Lophocolea bidentata + 15 B3 P Marchantia polymorpha + 15 B2 C Orthotrichum affine + 15 A3 C Orthotrichum anomalum + + + + + + + 100 A1, A2, A3, C1 C Orthotrichum cupulatum + 15 A2 C Orthotrichum diaphanum + + + + + + 86 A1, A2, A3, C1, C2 C Orthotrichum lyellii LR:nt + 15 A2 C Oxyrrhynchium hians + + + + + + + 100 B1, B2, B3 C Phascum cuspidatum + + 29 B1, B2 AS Plagiomnium affine + 15 B3 P Plagiomnium rostratum + + 29 A2, B3 P Plagiomnium undulatum + + 29 B2, B3 P Pleurozium schreberi + 15 B3 P Porella platyphylla + 15 A2 P Polytrichastrum formosum + 15 B2 P Polytrichum juniperinum + 15 B2 P Pseudocrossidium + 15 B1 C hornschuchianum

Tab. 2. The list of the recorded bryophyte species – continuation

No. of locality Fr Species Substrate LS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (%) Rhynchostegium murale + + + + 57 A1, A2, A3 P Pseudoscleropodium purum + 15 B3 P Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus + 15 B3 P Schistidium apocarpum + + + + + + + 100 A1, A2, A3 P Syntrichia laevipila + 15 A2, A3 C Syntrichia ruralis + + 29 B2, B3 C Syntrichia virescens + + + + 57 A1, A3 C Tortula modica + 15 A1 AS Tortula muralis + + + + + + + 100 A1, A2, A3, B1 C Tortula subulata + 15 B2 C Tortula truncata + 15 B2 AS

Abbreviations: No. of locality: 1 – cemetery Neštich; 2 – catholic cemetery Sv. Jur; 3 – cemetery Grinava; 4 – cemetery Cajla; 5 – cemetery Pezinok; 6 – cemetery Modra; 7 – cemetery Huncokársky. Fr (%) – frequency: Fr [%] = (n1/N) × 100, if n1 is number of sites, where has been the species recorded and N is the total sites number. Substrate: A1 – sun-exposed rocky substrates; A2 – partially shadowed rocky substrates; A3 – shadowed rocky substrates; B. Epigeics: B1 – base of the graveyards covered with earth; B2 – wet damp soil; B3 – lawns, ground among herb vegetation; C. Epiphytes: C1 – tree bases and trunks (0 up to 50 cm above ground level), C2 – tree trunks (50 cm above ground level and higher); D. Epixylics: dead wood, stumps, wooden benches. LS – life strategies: C – colonists; P – perennial stayers; AS – annual shuttle species; F – fugitives. Bold category of red-listed species (Kubinská et al. 2001).

Concerning the ecological groups, most of the recorded species were epigeic (45 species) and epilithic (31 species), and only two epixylic species were recorded (Fig. 3, Fig. 4), as dead wood is regularly removed from cemeteries. Epilithic and epigeic species relate with the total built-up area of the cemetery, the abundance of epilithic species increases with the number of rocky substrates, while the abundance of epigeic ones decreases. A high number of epilithic and epigeic species was recorded also by Fudali (2001), Mišíková, Kubinská (2010), Mišíková, Jurčišinová (2013), Hrdinová et al. (2016) and Staniaszek-Kik (2017).

Fig. 2. The number of species in individual cemeteries Localities: 1 – cemetery Neštich; 2 – catholic cemetery Sv. Jur; 3 – cemetery Grinava; 4 – cemetery Cajla; 5 – cemetery Pezinok; 6 – cemetery Modra; 7 – cemetery Huncokársky

Fig. 3. The number of species on individual microhabitats according to Table 2

Fig. 4. Species number in the individual ecological groups A – epilithic species; B – epigeic species; C – epiphytic species; D – epixylic species. Localities: 1 – cemetery Neštich; 2 – catholic cemetery Sv. Jur; 3 – cemetery Grinava; 4 – cemetery Cajla; 5 – cemetery Pezinok; 6 – cemetery Modra; 7 – cemetery Huncokársky

The most represented families from the division Bryophyta are Pottiaceae (23 %), Brachytheciaceae (16 %) and Bryaceae (14 %) in all of the studied cemeteries. On the contrary, only a few families from the division Marchantiophyta are recorded (1.5 %) (Fig. 5). All families of mosses (Bryophyta), represented by a high amount of species, include taxa with a frequent occurrence on anthropogenic stands. Several liverworts prefer shaded substrates with higher air humidity, therefore they are rare on anthropogenic habitats. All species from division Marchantiophyta were recorded only in the cemetery Huncokársky. The cemetery differs in species diversity from other localities, since it is located in the woodland of the Malé Karpaty Mts., where the number of graves and rocky substrates is low, and roads, paths and other buildings are missing. Nearly on all studied localities, the most frequent life strategy (Fig. 6) is the colonist strategy (35 species), except the cemetery Huncokársky, where perennial stayers are dominant.

Fig. 5. Percentage of species number in individual families of Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta

Fig. 6. Representation of life strategies in individual cemeteries C – colonists; P – perennial stayers; AS – annual shuttle species; F – fugitives. Localities: 1 – cemetery Neštich; 2 – catholic cemetery Sv. Jur; 3 – cemetery Grinava; 4 – cemetery Cajla; 5 – cemetery Pezinok; 6 – cemetery Modra; 7 – cemetery Huncokársky

Out of the factors which can affect bryophyte species diversity in cemeteries, the area size and built- up area of the cemetery, tree cover and location of the cemetery – within the town or outside the town – were chosen. Because only 7 localities were examinated, the statistical analysis was not used. Tab. 3 shows built-up area as one of the factors that affect bryophyte diversity in cemeteries, as lower built- up area allows higher occurrence of epigeic bryophyte species, in some cases epiphytic ones. The area size and location of the cemetery within or outside the town have not appeared to be a significant factor. Mišíková, Kubinská (2010) consider air and substrate humidity, higher tree cover, biotope diversity and landscape gardening as a positive influence on bryophyte diversity. Fudali (2005) points out the amount of microhabitats and substrates as the most significant factor affecting bryophyte richness. Mišíková, Jurčišinová (2013) consider the occurrence of trees, mainly the old ones, to be a significant factor for species richness.

Tab. 3. Possible influencing factors on species diversity Abbreviations: Locality: 1 – cemetery Neštich; 2 – catholic cemetery Sv. Jur; 3 – cemetery Grinava; 4 – cemetery Cajla; 5 – cemetery Pezinok; 6 – cemetery Modra; 7 – cemetery Huncokársky. Built-up area: I – less than 1/2 of the area built-up, II – 1/2 to 2/3 of the area built-up, III – more than 2/3 of the area built-up. Tree cover: A – less than 1/3 of the area shaded, B – 1/3 to 1/2 of the area shaded, C – 1/2 and more of the area shaded. Location of the cemetery: in – within the town, ex – outside of the town.

Locality 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Number of species 29 23 18 14 21 30 29 Area size (ha) 0.15 0.95 0.6 0.5 2.6 2.0 0.09 Built-up area I III II II III II I Tree cover B A A A C C B Location in in in in in in ex

Acknowledgement This study was supported by the Grant Agency VEGA (Grant VEGA No. 1/0885/16).

References

Anonymus 1: www.mapa-mapy.sk [accessed 10 March 2017]. Dierssen, K., 2001: Distribution, ecological amplitude and phytosociological characterization of European bryophytes. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca, 56: 1-289. Fudali, E., 2001: The ecological structure of the bryoflora of Wroclaw´s parks and cemeteries in relation to their localization and origin. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol., 70: 229-235. Fudali, E., 2005: Bryophyte species diversity and ecology in the parks and cemeteries of selected Polish cities. Agricultural University of Wrocław, Wrocław. Hill, M. O., Bell, N., Bruggeman-Nannenga, M. A., Brugués S. M., Cano, M. J., Enroth, J., Flatberg, K. I., Frahm, J.-P., Gallego, M. T., Garilleti, R., Guerra, J., Hedenas, L., Holyoak, D. T., Hyvönen, J., Ignatov, M. S., Lara, F., Mazimpaka, V., Munõz, J., Söderström, L., 2006: An annotated checklist of the mosses of Europe and Macaronesia. J. Bryol., 28: 198-267. Hrdinová, K., Kafka, J., Pellarová, M., Řezáč, J., Kubešová, S., 2016. Mechy brněnských hřbitovů. Bryonora, 57: 36-44. Kubinská, A., Janovicová, K., Šoltés, R., 2001: Červený zoznam machorastov Slovenska. Ochr. Prír., Supl., 20: 31-43. Kulichová, V., 2011: Chránená krajinna oblast Malé Karpaty. Technická univerzita v Košiciach. Mišíková, K., Jurčišinová, D., 2013: Machorasty vybraných cintorínov Podunajskej nížiny (Slovensko). Bryo- nora, 51: 15-23. Mišíková, K., Kubinská, A., 2010: Machorasty historických cintorínov vo vybraných mestách Strednej Európy. Bull. Slov. Bot. Spoločn., 32(2): 137-145. Roberts, C., Ghullam, M., 2015: Bryophytes of Earlham Cemetery. http://www.friendsofearlhamcemetery.co.uk/pages/wildlife-2/plants/ [accessed 15 February 2018] Söderström, L., Hagborg, A., Konrat, M., Bartholomew-Began, S., Bell, D., Briscoe, L., Brown, E., Cargill, D. CH., Costa, D. P., Crandall-Stotler, B. J., Cooper, E. D., Dauphin, G., Engel, J. J., Feldberg, K., Glenny, D., Gradstein, S. R., He, X., Heinrichs, J., Hentsche, J., Ilkiu-Borges, A. L., Katagiri, T., Kon- stantinova, N. A., Larraín, J., Long, D. G., Nebel, M., Pócs, T., Puche, F., Reiner-Drehwald, E., Renner, M. A. M., Sass-Gyarmati, A., Schäfer-Verwimp, A., Moragues, J. G. S., Stotler, R. E., Sukkharak, P., Thiers, B. M., Uribe, J., Váňa, J., Villarreal, J. C., Wigginton, M., Zhang, L., Zhu, R. L., 2016: World checklist of hornworts and liverworts. PhotoKeys, 59: 1-828. Staniaszek-Kik, M., 2017: Mszaki zabytkowego cmentarza w Pławnie w województwie Łódzkim (Polska środ- kowa). Steciana, 21(4): 185-191.

Abstrakt Bryofloristický prieskum bol zameraný na druhovú skladbu machorastov na siedmich cintorínoch v troch mestách na Slovensku – Svätý Jur, Pezinok a Modra. Na všetkých študovaných lokalitách bolo nájdených 65 druhov machorastov, štyri pečeňovky (Marchantiophyta) a 61 machov (Bryophyta). Dva druhy sú zaradené do Červeného zoznamu machorastov Slovenska. Najvyšší počet druhov (30) bol zaznamenaný na cintoríne v Modre a najnižší počet (14) na Cajlanskom cintoríne v Pezinku. Najviac zastúpené boli čeľade Pottiaceae (23 %), Brachytheciaceae (16 %) a Bryaceae (14 %). Dru- hy s najvyššou frekvenciou boli Amblystegium serpens, Barbula unguiculata, Brachythecium rutabulum, Grimmia pulvinata, Hypnum cupressiforme, Orthotrichum anomalum, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Schistidium apocarpum a Tortula muralis, ktoré sa bežne vyskytujú v antropicky ovplyvnenom pro- stredí. V rámci životných stratégií prevládali najmä stratégie colonist (35) a perennial shuttle (23). Druho- vé bohatstvo a zloženie machorastov závisí od niekoľkých faktorov, najmä od veľkosti, veku, výsadby drevín a manažmentu cintorínov, rozmanitosti substrátov a mikrobiotopov.

Katarína Mišíková, Martina Orbánová, Katarína Godovičová: Machorasty cintorínov Malokar- patského regiónu (Slovensko)

JUBILEE

Acta Botanica Universitatis Comenianae Vol. 53, 2018 is dedicated to our former colleagues, friends and valued honorees: doc. RNDr. Viera Feráková, CSc. (botany, born on July 22nd in Hloho- vec), RNDr. Terézia Schwarzová, CSs. (botany, April 21st in Sása), and doc. RNDr. Erika Záhorovská, • CSc. (mycology, May 10th in Bratislava) . Congratulations on your 80th birthday, with hope all your wishes and dreams come true! They spent the whole professional life on the Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava where supervised plenty of students from which the numerous accepted specialists in botany as well in relative disciplines have become at present. The results of theirs research work in botany illustrate a variety of scientific papers in prestigious journals, scientific-popular articles, special reviews and translations of books as well. About theirs field activities and enthusiasm in this sense tells us a lot of collections saved in the herbarium of the Department of Botany (SLO). Theirs warm-hearted laugh still sounds by whole Department!

Department of Botany

• For more information about our honorees, see: Jančovičová, S., 2013: Jubilantka doc. RNDr. Erika Záhorovská, CSc. – 75 rokov. Mykologické listy, 124: 44. Mereďa, P. ml., 2018: Doc. RNDr. Viera Feráková, CSc. oslávila 80. narodeniny. Bulletin Slovenskej botanickej spo- ločnosti, 40(2): 196-212. Zaliberová, M., 2018: Krásnych osemdesiat – RNDr. Terézia Schwarzová, CSs. Bulletin Slovenskej botanickej spoolč- nosti, 40(1): 106-110.

BOTANICKÉ VERŠOVANKY PRE OSLÁVENKYNE Z KNIHY: ROSTLINSTVO A JEHO VÝZNAM V NÁRODNÍCH PÍSNÍCH, POVĚSTECH, BÁJÍCH, OBŘADECH A POVĚRÁCH SLOVANSKÝCH. • SPÍSAL PRIMUS SOBOTKA, 1879

Čo budeme robiť? Už sme porobili (t. po žních), budeme sa válať z vršku do doliny.

Karlíčku, Karle! nepovídej na mě: hrušky zrajou, jab’ka taky, až uzrajou, dám ti taky, přijď, Karlíčku, na ně.

Keď ženičku dačo bolí, priam oriešok muškátový do vína skrabati a to jej dávati na jej dobré zdraví.

Nekupuj mi oriešky, nerob zo mňa posmešky, ale kup mi tafaty, čo mi budú na šaty.

Na Tokajskom vršku, dal mi Janík hrušku, a já jemu štyri, aby mi bol milý.

Beze, beze, beze, zima na mne leze, a až ze mne sleze, na tebe pak vleze.

Posílám ti lásku po provázu, a konopu po holi, aby se ti vedlo po voli.

To kopčanské pole tŕním, šípom kvitne, to moje srdenko k nemu neprivykne, ej ale to gbelské s modrou fialenkou, to mi zavoňalo k mojemu srdenku.

• Kresba: Zuzana Randáková

ACTA BOTANICA UNIVERSITATIS COMENIANAE

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Vydala Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave vo Vydavateľstve UK Vyšlo v decembri 2018

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ISBN 978-80-223-4687-0 ISSN 0524-2371

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References / Literatúra Pilát, A., Dermek, A., 1974: Hríbovité huby. Veda, Bratislava. Cabrera, G. L., Rodriguez, D. M. G., 1999: Genotoxicity of leachates from landfill using three bioassays. Mutat. Res., 426: 207-210. Holec, J., 2008: Gymnopilus P. Karst. In: Knudsen, H., Vesterholt, J. (eds.), Funga Nordica, p. 857-861, Nordsvamp, Copenhagen. Petersen, R. H., Hughes, K. W., Redhead, S. A., on line: The genus Flammulina, a Tennessee tutorial. http://fp.bio.utk.edu/Mycology/Flammulina/default.html [accessed 26 Feb 2008]. Mikuš, M., 1999: Rastlinstvo Dostálovej doliny. MSc thesis depon. in Comenius University in Bratislava.

The references in text / Citácie v texte Murín (1961), Mičieta, Murín (1998), Harman et al. (1992), (Knasmüller 1984), (Pišút, Lackovičová 1998), (Ma et al. 1996), Anonymus (2005), Ryvarden (on line).

The editors of the journal and authors wish to record their thanks to reviewers for their kindness and willingness to object the contributions in this journal. Redakčná rada a autori ďakujú všetkým recenzentom za ich ochotu a objektivitu pri posúdení príspevkov v časopise.

Reviewers / Recenzenti Mgr. Michal Hrabovský, PhD. (Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences) Doc. RNDr. Jana Ščevková, PhD. (Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences) Mgr. Ondrej Ďuriška, PhD. (Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy) Mgr. Zuzana Randáková (Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences)

Contents

Bryophytes in cemeteries in the Small Carpathian region (Slovakia) MIŠÍKOVÁ, K., ORBÁNOVÁ, M., GODOVIČOVÁ, K. 45

Jubilee 54

53/2018

ISBN 978-80-223-4687-0 ISSN 0524-2371 COMENIUS UNIVERSITY IN BRATISLAVA