DOCSLIB.ORG

Prevalence and Pathology of Gongylonema Pulchrum in Cattle Slaughtered in Rudsar, Northern Iran

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prevalence and Pathology of Gongylonema Pulchrum in Cattle Slaughtered in Rudsar, Northern Iran Sci Parasitol 14(1):37-42, March 2013 ISSN 1582-1366 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Prevalence and pathology of Gongylonema pulchrum in cattle slaughtered in Rudsar, northern Iran Reza Kheirandish 1, Mohammad Hossein Radfar 1, Hamid Sharifi 2, Naser Mohammadyari 3, Soodeh Alidadi 3 1 – Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Kerman, Iran. 2 – Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Kerman, Iran. 3 – Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kerman, Iran. Correspondence: Tel. (98) 0341 3222047, Fax (98) 0341 3222047, E-mail [email protected] Abstract. The gullet worm, Gongylonema pulchrum Molin, 1857, is a thread-like nematode that occurs in a large variety of animals worldwide. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and histophatology of G. pulchrum in cattle slaughtered in Rudsar slaughterhouse, Gilan Province, northern Iran. During four seasons of 2011, a total of 680 esophagi of native and hybrid breed cattle at Rudsar abattoir were examined parasitologically and pathologically for gongylonemiasis. Cattle were considered in three age groups including less than 2, 2-5 and over 5 years old. Results of our study showed that the prevalence of G. pulchrum in cattle was 16.2%. Prevalence was significantly highest in native cattle and in summer (P<0.05). The highest prevalence was in cattle over 5 years old and males were more infected than females. The age and sex of the cattle had not significant effects on the prevalence of the parasite (P>0.05). No gross lesions was noticed in the infected esophagi but histopathological observations revealed the presence of the sections of parasites in the esophageal epithelium causing moderate to severe eosinophilic esophagitis in a few cases of them. Parasitological, gross and microscopic fidings revealed Gongylonema infection was relatively common in cattle of Rudsar, northern Iran. Keywords: Gongylonema pulchrum; Cattle; Iran. Received 27/11/2012. Accepted 22/02/2013. Introduction mammals and 10 species in birds, is a long, slender whitish spirurid nematode found Gongylonema pulchrum Molin, 1857 , throughout the world (Jelinek and Loscher, belonging to the superfamily Spiruroidea, 1994; Eberhard and Busillo, 1999). This with about 25 species in domestic and wild parasite infects a large variety of animals 37 Sci Parasitol 14(1):37-42, March 2013 ISSN 1582-1366 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE including cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloes, pathology of gongylonemiasis in cattle camels, deers, wild boars, donkeys, pigs, slaughtered at Rudsar slaughterhouse, North of horses, rodents, non-human primates and Iran, and to obtain information about the humans (Waid et al., 1985; Islam et al., 1992; effects of some factors such as season, breed, Kia et al., 2001; Kudo et al., 2005; Sato et al., age and gender on this parasitic infection. 2005; Farooq et al., 2012; Ryan et al., 2012). Rudsar city is located at the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and has a warm and humid These thread-like worms burrow in the climate. The maximum and minimum air mucosa of the upper alimentary tract, including temperatures are in the August and January, the tongue and especially esophagus producing respectively. The air temperature reaches up to white or red blood-filled zigzag tracks in the 26°C in summer (Jamshidi and Abu-Bakar, mucosa. They can be 10 to 15 cm in length and 2010). are easily visible (Jubb et al., 2007). The life cycle of gullet worm is obviously indirect. Materials and methods Embryonated eggs are passed in the feces of the infinitive host and ingested by intermediate Animals and sampling hosts, such as coprophagous beetles and cockroaches. The larvae perform two moults A total of 680 esophagi of cattle (335 native towards the infective third stage (L 3) in about 4 and 345 hybrid breed) were examined for weeks. Animals acquire the infection by gongylonemiasis at meat inspection in an feeding on these insects or ingestion of them abattoir in Rudsar County, Gilan Province, accidentally with their forage (Taylor et al., northern Iran, During four seasons of 2011 2007). Humans also are infected by accidental (spring = 144, summer = 189, autumn = 230, ingestion of the insect host or by drinking winter = 117). Data related to sex, breed, age, contaminated water (Wilson et al., 2001). The as well as date of slaughter were recorded for adult worms spirally embedded in the each animal. The worms embedded in zigzag esophageal mucosa or submucosa by tracks were carefully removed from the protruding of their anterior ends within the esophageal epithelium using fine forceps, lumen. The prepatent period is about 8 weeks preserved and fixed in 70% ethanol containing (Taylor et al., 2007). Their presence is 5% glycerin solution. The collected worms and inconsequential to the host and of no clinical infected esophagi were transported to the significance. Nevertheless, infection may be laboratories of the department of pathobiology, associated with a mild to moderate Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid- lymphocytic and eosinophilic esophagitis (Jubb Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran et al., 2007). for parasitological and pathological investigations. In some areas of Iran, this worm has been demonstrated in cattle (Anwar et al., 1979; These worms were directly observed under a Halajian et al., 2010), sheep (Eslami et al., light microscope, and the figures were drawn 2010), goats, buffaloes, wild boars (Eslami and with the aid of a camera lucida. Measurements Farsad-Hamdi, 1992), donkeys (Movassaghi were made using these drawn figures. For and Razmi, 2008), and humans (Molavi et al., histopathological observations, tissue samples 2006). Anwar et al. (1979) recorded that the of affected esophagi were taken and fixed in 10 infection rate with G. pulchrum has been 49.7% % neutral buffered formalin and processed among 555 cattle slaughtered at the central according to the routine of histopathologic Tehran abattoir in the 1970s. Halajian et al. technique. Paraffin sections at 5μm thickness (2010) reported that the incidence of G. were cut and stained with hematoxylin and pulchrum was approximately 26% of 138 cattle eosin (HE) and examined under ordinary light collected at four local abattoirs in Mazandaran microscope. Prevalence of the disease during Province, northern Iran. four seasons was investigated according to the sex, breed and age groups including less than 2, The aim of this study was to determine the 2-5 and over 5 years old. prevalence of Gongylonema pulchrum and 38 Sci Parasitol 14(1):37-42, March 2013 ISSN 1582-1366 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Statistical analysis observed. In most cases, no inflammatory reaction was occurred around the parasites, and Statistical analysis of the distribution of the in the submucosa. In a few cases, eosinophilic infection according to season, breed, sex and esophagitis was observed that characterized by age groups was performed by the univariate moderate to severe infiltration of eosinophils chi-square test and logistic regression using into the epithelium (eosinophilic pustulosis), the Stata10.1 statistical software. Differences and in the submucoa (figures 3 and 4). were considered statistically significant if the null hypothesis could be rejected with N 95% confidence (P<0.05). Results The collected nematodes were identified as G. pulchrum based on their morphological and parasitological characteristics according to Soulsby (1982). Out of 680 esophagi examined 96 (prevalence = 16.2%) were found to be infected with G. pulchrum . Obtained data about relation between the prevalence of G. pulchrum with season, breed, age groups and sex of cattle are illustrated in tables 1, 2, 3, and 4, Figure 1. Esophagus. The parasite is located in the respectively. The highest and lowest esophageal mucosa as white to pink zigzag tracks prevalence were detected in summer and winter seasons, respectively. The prevalence of Table 1. Seasonal prevalence of gongylonemiasis in the gullet worm was significantly (P<0.05) slaughtered cattle in Rudsar slaughterhouse higher in summer season, as well as in native breed in comparison with hybrid breed. In No. of No. of Infection Season relation to age and sex, the cattle over 5 years examined infected (%) old had higher infection rate than those less Spring 144 24 16.66 than 2 and 2-5 years old; meanwhile, G. Summer 189 36 19.04 Autumn 230 26 11.3 pulchrum infection was more prevalent in Winter 117 10 8.54 males as compared to females. However, no Total 680 96 - significant differences between any of these parameters and prevalence were observed (P>0.05). Careful gross examination of the Table 2. The prevalence of gongylonemiasis related to esophagi revealed that the sections of the breed of slaughtered cattle in Rudsar slaughterhouse parasite were lodged in the esophageal No. of No. of Infection Breed epithelium. They oriented in the longitudinal examined infected (%) axis of esophagi as white to pink zigzag tracks Native 335 78 23.28 in the mucosa of the esophagi. The tracks were Hybrid 345 18 5. 21 composed of white thread- like worms Total 680 96 - embedded in the mucosa. Nearly all tracks were the same color as the surrounding Table 3. The prevalence of gongylonemiasis related to esophageal mucosa (figure 1). age of slaughtered cattle in Rudsar slaughterhouse Histopathologically, the parasites lodged in Age No. of No. of Infection burrowed tunnels in the stratum spinosum and group examined infected (%) stratum corneum of the esophageal epithelium. ≤ 2 43 6 13.95 2-5 545 77 14.12 The walls of these tunnels were composed of >5 92 13 14.13 flattened keratinocytes without any fibrous Total 680 96 - tissue (figure 2). In severe cases, after cases mild acanthosis and hyperkeratosis were 39 Sci Parasitol 14(1):37-42, March 2013 ISSN 1582-1366 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Table 4. The prevalence of gongylonemiasis on the basis of sex of slaughtered cattle in Rudsar slaughterhouse No.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Family-Based Disaster Preparedness: a Case Study of the City of Rudsar Jafar Akbari M
    Science Arena Publications International journal of Business Management Available online at www.sciarena.com 2016, Vol, 1 (1): 67-76 Family-Based Disaster Preparedness: A Case Study of the City of Rudsar Jafar Akbari M. A in Management, [email protected] Abstract: The risks of accidents and disasters such as earthquakes, floods and the vulnerability of people to structural and non-structural damages are very high in many regions of Iran, including the city of Rudsar. This article has studied the important issue of operational preparedness of the families in Rudsar in the face of possible accidents, disasters and crises. The aim of the study is to investigate the factors influencing the participation of citizens in possible accidents in Rudsar and to suggest ways for increasing their participation. The study is an applied one and has used the existing literature and description as its method of data collection. The research sample included the household families in the rural and urban areas of Rudsar during the winter of 2015. Sampling was done by clustering method and the questionnaires were randomly distributed among the household women who were accessed through the health centers in the region. The data was analyzed in SPSS 18. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between training and household preparedness which indicates the direct relationship between training and preparedness among the families of Rudsar in the face of accidents and disasters. Therefore, to increase inclusive participation of everyone for controlling the accidents and disasters it is necessary to conduct training for all age groups especially for the women of the families – who are possible to reach at through the health centers – so that the latter group could transfer the training to all the other family members.
    [Show full text]
  • Sawflies (Hym.: Symphyta) of Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum with Four
    Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 2018, 37(4), 381404 ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﺸﺮهﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﺮان -404 381 ,(4)37 ,1396 Doi: 10.22117/jesi.2018.115354 Sawflies (Hym.: Symphyta) of Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum with four new records for the fauna of Iran Mohammad Khayrandish1&* & Ebrahim Ebrahimi2 1- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran & 2- Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran 19395-1454, Iran. *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A total of 60 species of Symphyta were identified and listed from the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran, of which the species Abia candens Konow, 1887; Pristiphora appendiculata (Hartig, 1837); Macrophya chrysura (Klug, 1817) and Tenthredopsis nassata (Geoffroy, 1785) are newly recorded from Iran. Distribution data and host plants are here presented for 37 sawfly species. Key words: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae, Argidae, sawflies, Iran. زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻢرﯾﺰ ارهاي (Hym.: Symphyta) ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻮزه ﺣﺸﺮات ﻫﺎﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﺮزاﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰارش ﭼﻬﺎر رﮐﻮرد ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﯾﺮان ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺧﯿﺮاﻧﺪﯾﺶ1و* و اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻤﯽ2 1- ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﻫﻨﺮ، ﮐﺮﻣﺎن و 2- ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ردهﺑﻨﺪي ﺣﺸﺮات، ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﺗﻬﺮان. * ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﺎت، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ: [email protected] ﭼﮑﯿﺪه درﻣﺠﻤﻮع 60 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻢرﯾﺰ ارهاي از ﻣﻮزه ﺣﺸﺮات ﻫﺎﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﺮزاﯾﺎﻧﺲ، اﯾﺮان، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي Macrophya chrysura ،Pristiphora appendiculata (Hartig, 1837) ،Abia candens Konow, 1887 (Klug, 1817) و (Tenthredopsis nassata (Geoffroy, 1785 ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﯾﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ و ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎن 37 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻢرﯾﺰ ارهاي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Diversity of Freshwater Crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae, Gecarcinucidae) in Iranian Inland Waters Ardavan Farhadi , Muzaffer Mustafa Harlıoğlu
    EISSN 2602-473X AQUATIC SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING Aquat Sci Eng 2018; 33(4): 110-116 • DOI: 10.26650/ASE2018422064 Review Distribution and Diversity of Freshwater Crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae, Gecarcinucidae) in Iranian Inland Waters Ardavan Farhadi , Muzaffer Mustafa Harlıoğlu Cite this article as: Farhadi, A., Harlıoğlu, M.M. (2018). Distribution and Diversity of Freshwater Crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae, Gec- arcinucidae) in Iranian Inland Waters. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 33(4): 110-116. ABSTRACT This article reviews the current knowledge of primary freshwater crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) in Iranian inland waters, with the purpose of classifying the exact number of species, the threat sta- tus, and their distribution and diversity. Previous studies have reported that Iranian inland waters have eight freshwater crab species and there was no accurate information on the distribution of freshwater crab species in Iran. This review article describes that an additional six freshwater crab species, Potamon gedrosianum, P. magnum, P. mesopotamicum, P. ilam, Sodhiana blanfordi, and S. iranica, are also present in Iran. Therefore, there are 14 freshwater crab species currently known in Iran, which belong to two families (Gecarcinucidae and Potamidae). The genus Potamon is rep- resented by 11 species, and the genus Sodhiana is represented by 3 species (found in south and south east of Iran). In addition, this review presents a distribution map and the possible threats for each species. Keywords: Brachyura, decapoda, freshwater crabs, distribution, Iran INTRODUCTION ter swamps, stagnant ponds and rice fields, and even in tree hollows and leaf axils (Yeo et al., Primary freshwater crabs (Yeo et al., 2008, 2012) 2008; Cumberlidge et al., 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • 1638-1642, 2012 Issn 1995-0756
    1638 Advances in Environmental Biology, 6(5): 1638-1642, 2012 ISSN 1995-0756 This is a refereed journal and all articles are professionally screened and reviewed ORIGINAL ARTICLE Study of Sedimentology of Status in Caspian Sea Coast, between Ramsar and Rudsar 1Bahareh Dibadin, 1Khosro Khosrotehrani, 2Iraj Momeni, 3Masoomeh Sohrabi Molayousefi 1Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran 3Department of Geology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran Bahareh Dibadin, Khosro Khosrotehrani, Iraj Momeni, Masoomeh Sohrabi Molayousefi: Study of Sedimentology of Status in Caspian Sea Coast, between Ramsar and Rudsar ABSTRACT The south coast of the Caspian Sea which is located in the hillside of the Alborz Mountains, does not have any natural pathway to any ocean so the Caspian sea’s water-level is always changing and it can be the reason for having specific sedimentary trades in this location. This research compares two different studies. The first groups samples have been gathered from the 5 research stations near the coastal line while the second one inspecting the samples from the depth of 5 meters. Studying these samples in the matters of sedimentary size and gradation, show that sedimentations with the same size of sand and silt take the highest place. The important point is that the average of coastal grain size is the same with the sand ones, on the other hand, for the collected samples from the depth of 5 meters it would be the same size of silts. There is a small amount of gravel and in fact there are no records of clays.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Beach-Seine Catching Activities on Changes of Substrate Structure in the Southern Coast of the Caspian Sea (In Rudsar and Chaboksar)
    Journal of Marine Biology I. A. U. Ahvaz – Spring 2014 –VOL.21 Effect of beach-seine catching activities on changes of substrate structure in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (in Rudsar and Chaboksar) Shahpoor Gholamy1 Abstract Maryam Shapoori2* In this study, the effect of beach-seine catching activities on changes Karim Mehdi nejad3 of sediment structure of bed in Rudsar and Chaboksar areas were Zabih Alla Pajand4 investigated. Samples of sediment were taken monthly with a Van Veen grab covering a surface area of 225 cm2 from seining and non- 1, 2. Department of Natural fishing areas of Rudsar and Chaboksar stations in depths of 3, 6 and resources, Savadkooh Branch, 10 meters with 3 repetitions in each depth, in autumn and winter Islamic Azad University, 2011. The results show a significant difference between the Savadkooh, Iran percentage of silt-clay in the various sampling depths of seining area 3, 4. International Sturgeon Research Institute, Rasht, Iran and the percentage of silt-clay in the various sampling depths of non- fishing area, in each of Rudsar and Chaboksar stations and each of *Corresponding author: autumn and winter seasons (P< 0.05). So that, the amount of silt- [email protected] clay in seining area has been more than the amount of silt-clay in non-fishing area. In the Rudsar station, the amount of Total Organic Receive date: 2013.09.25 Acceptant date: 2014.02.24 Matter of the seining area were 2.6 and 2.2 percent in autumn and winter, respectively, and these amounts for non-fishing area were 2.3 percent in autumn and 1.7 percent in winter.
    [Show full text]
  • Bryozoa of the Southern Caspian Sea, Iranian Coast
    13 4 305 Kasaei et al NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 13 (4): 305–313 https://doi.org/10.15560/13.4.305 Bryozoa of the southern Caspian Sea, Iranian coast S. Mojtaba Kasaei,1 Ali Nasrolahi,1 Behrooz Abtahi,1 Paul D. Taylor2 1 Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Department of Aquatic Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran, Postal Code: 1983969411. 2 Natural History Museum, Department of Earth Sciences, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom. Corresponding author: Ali Nasrolahi, [email protected] Abstract Bryozoans were found attached to various natural and artificial substrates at 18 sites along the Iranian coast of the southern Caspian Sea. Two species of cheilostome bryozoans—Conopeum grimmi and Lapidosella ostroumovi—and 2 species of ctenostomes—Amathia gracilis and Victorella pavida—are reported. Lapidosella ostroumovi is a new record for the Caspian Sea. Key words Cheilostomes; ctenostomes; Iranian coast; new record. Academic editor: Rafael B. de Moura | Received 20 January 2017 | Accepted 30 June 2017 | Published 18 August 2017 Citation: Kasaei SM, Nasrolahi A, Abtahi B, Taylor PD (2017) Bryozoa of the southern Caspian Sea, Iranian coast. Check List 13 (4): 305–313. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.4.305 Introduction ranean–Caspian species; and (4) Mediterranean species that have recently been introduced into the Caspian Studies on Caspian Sea bryozoans have been done mostly through the Volga–Don Canal (Abrikosov and Zevina in the northern Caspian (Abrikosov 1959, Abrikosov and 1968). Here, for the first time, we report the occurrence Zevina 1968, Gontar et al. 2009). The fauna of bryozoans and distributions of 4 species of bryozoans from the Ira- in the Caspian Sea comprises species belonging to the nian coast of the Caspian Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying the Suitable Areas for Establishment of Agricultural Machinery Repair Center Using GIS in Rudsar
    Emirates Journal for Engineering Research Volume 25 Issue 1 Article 4 12-5-2019 Identifying the Suitable Areas for Establishment of Agricultural Machinery Repair Center Using GIS in Rudsar Maedeh Shoaei University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran, [email protected] Razieh Pourdarbani University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran, [email protected] Mir Sadegh Fazel Dolat-abad University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uaeu.ac.ae/ejer Part of the Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons, and the Geographic Information Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Shoaei, Maedeh; Pourdarbani, Razieh; and Dolat-abad, Mir Sadegh Fazel (2019) "Identifying the Suitable Areas for Establishment of Agricultural Machinery Repair Center Using GIS in Rudsar," Emirates Journal for Engineering Research: Vol. 25 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarworks.uaeu.ac.ae/ejer/vol25/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarworks@UAEU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emirates Journal for Engineering Research by an authorized editor of Scholarworks@UAEU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Shoaei et al.: Identifying the Suitable Areas for Establishment of Agricultural Machinery Repair Center IDENTIFYING THE SUITABLE AREAS FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY REPAIR CENTER USING GIS IN RUDSAR Maedeh Shoaei 1, Razieh Pourdarbani 2,*, Mir Sadegh Fazel Dolat-abad 3 1 MS student, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystem Engineering [email protected] 2* University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystem Engineering [email protected] 3 University of Mohaghegh Ardabil, Dept.
    [Show full text]
  • Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; Download Unter
    © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Entomofauna ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE Band 31, Heft 17: 269-284 ISSN 0250-4413 Ansfelden, 19. November 2010 A faunal study of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and their parasitoids in Guilan province, Iran Nasrin SHAHBAZVAR, Ahad SAHRAGARD, Shahab MANZARI, Reza HOSSEINI & Jalil HAJIZADEH Abstract The fauna of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) and their parasitoids were studied in Guilan province, Iran. A total of 18 whitefly species belonging to 8 genera from the subfamily Aleyrodinae were collected and identified, of which two species, Bemisia takahashii (DANZIG) and Pealius rubi TAKAHASHI, are newly recorded from Iran. Also, 8 hymenopteran species belonging to 2 genera from Aphelinidae, as well as one species from Eulophidae were reared as their parasitoids. Key words: Aleyrodidae, Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, parasitoids, fauna, new record, Guilan, Iran. 269 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Introduction Whiteflies are small insects (1-3 mm in body length) belonging to the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, superfamily Aleyrodoidea and family Aleyrodidae (MARTIN et al. 2000). MARTIN & MOUND (2007) catalogued the whiteflies of the world and listed 1556 species in 161 genera from three subfamilies, Aleurodicinae, Aleyrodinae and Udamoselinae. The subfamily Aleurodicinae is primarily distributed in New World and includes 118 species in 18 genera; the subfamily Aleyrodinae is worldwide in distribution and includes 1424 species in 148 genera, and the subfamily Udamoselinae includes 2 South American species in a single genus Udamoselis (EVANS 2008). The generic classification of the Aleyrodidae is based on the structure of the fourth larval instar, the so-called pupal case, not on the structure of adults.
    [Show full text]
  • Semiotics in the Wrappers (Chadorsahb) of “Tonekabon” Region up to “Rudsar”
    Caspium Securitatis. 2021. Nо 1 CASPIAN REGIONAL STUDIES: IRAN SEMIOTICS IN THE WRAPPERS (CHADORSAHB) OF “TONEKABON” REGION UP TO “RUDSAR” Pargol Mashayekhi University of Tehran, Iran Email: [email protected] Abstract Wrapper weaving is an ancient art in the regions of East Guilan and West Mazandaran, in which the motifs used in it are woven according to the culture and customs of the people of these regions, which has made this feature unique in the wrapper. In this article, in addition to expressing the cultural aspects of the themes, an attempt has been made to study the visual diversity of the drawings along with its special feature in the wrap- per.The hypothesis that is proven here is that the patterns characterize the simple way of thinking that is derived from nature and the environment around them.The research method is descriptive-analytical with field and library studies and is in-depth.In general, the results indicate that the drawings used in the wrapper are inspired by the environment of the weavers and by the tools of the wrapper art itself.Also, the culture of symbols and signs in the art of wrapper weaving can be matched with the culture and traditions of other regions;This means that symbols and signs have a function beyond the clime of any region and can cover a large part of a land.Wrapper motifs in all weaves of the study, show the following of specific patterns along with symmetry, order and rhythm. Research method in the present study was done using the library and field methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Boat and Ship Archaeology in Gilan Province (Iran)
    Boat and ship Archaeology in Gilan Province (Iran) Hossien Tofighian Iranian center for archaeological research (ICAR) [email protected] Ramin Adibi Archaeological Maritime Landscape Online Magazine [email protected] Abstract Gilan province is one the northern states of Iran which is located in south west of Caspian Sea and has relatively long coastlines. According to historical and geographical location of Gilan, in 2017, Maritime archaeology group of Iranian Center for Archaeological Research (ICAR) decided to do a project as "Archaeology of maritime landscapes of Gilan Province". Main goal of perform this project was identifying immaterial and material of maritime culture across of Gilan province maritime landscape. Our Research area was from "Astara" county to "Rudsar" county in Gilan province. We were surveying about navigation and Boatbuilding in rivers, Lagoon and coastlines of Caspian Sea. For example: in "Estil" Lagoon in Astra county we observed a kind of Simple Watercraft which is more look like to a Dugout canoe. During this project, we observed and investigated about wooden boats with simple construction in different sizes that locals called "lutka/lodka" or "Nodonbal". Nowadays, fishermen use flat- bottomed, double-ended vessel (in local dialect called "karaji") that linked to past period. So we were investigating on remains of "Ghorogh" wooden shipwreck in "Talesh" County and wooden shipwreck "Lalehrūd" in "Rudsar" County. We visited Traditional Wooden Boat Factory and interviewed with locals. This article based on desk and field research on traditional and historical boat and ship in each city of Gilan province. Key Words: Caspian Sea, Gilan province, boat and ship.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Public Libraries Status in the Counties of Guilan Province Compared to the Standard Per Capita
    Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (CFD), Cilt:36, No: 3 Ozel Sayı (2015) Science Journal (CSJ), Vol. 36, No: 3 Special Issue (2015) ISSN: 1300-1949 ISSN: 1300-1949 A comparative study of public libraries status in the counties of Guilan province compared to the standard per capita Masoumeh SABOURI1, Rosa FATEHI1, Amir Reza KARIMI AZERI2,* 1Graduate Student, University of Guilan, University campus 2, Iran 2Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and art, University of Guilan, Iran Received: 01.02.2015; Accepted: 06.06.2015 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract. The state of public libraries is of the most important indicators of a country. The present research has been conducted with the aim of a comparative study of public libraries status in the counties of Guilan province compared to the standard per capita. The research method is descriptive and the information has been collected through offices inquiry, observation and interviews with the relevant officials, the results of data analysis compared to the standard per capita indicate lower levels of public libraries standards in the counties of Guilan province than the country's standards and require serious consideration and review. In this regard, some recommendations were provides to improve the libraries status. As a result, the construction and building of public libraries in the province has been estimated in the next 25 years to be able bringing it to the standard level with the establishment public libraries. Keywords: Public libraries, Guilan, standard per capita _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTODUCTION Library as one of the basic pillars of a knowledge-based society in the formulation of its policy is fully aware of the needs of society and tries to gather resources and provide services in accordance with it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pleis to Cene Hu Man Set Tle Ment in Gilan, South
    Eur asian Pre his tory, 8 (1–2): 3–28. THE PLEIS TO CENE HU MAN SET TLE MENT IN GILAN, SOUTH WEST CAS PIAN SEA: RE CENT RESEARCH Fereidoun Biglari1, 2 and Vali Jahani3 1 Paleolithic De partment, Na tional Mu seum of Iran, 30 Tir St., Emam Ave., Teh ran, Iran 2 l’Institut de Préhistoire et de Géologie du Quaternaire (PACEA), Bâtiment de géologie B 18, Av e nue des Facultés, Université Bor deaux 1, 33405, Talence Cedex, France; [email protected] 3 Ar chae o log i cal Ser vice Sec tor of Gilan, Ira nian Cul tural Her i tage, Hand i crafts and Tour ism Or ga ni za tion, Rasht, Iran; vali_jahani@ya hoo.com Ab stract This paper reviews recent devel op ments in the Paleolithic archae ology in the Gilan region of southwest ern Cas pian Sea utiliz ing infor ma tion accu mulated over the last decade. The doc u mented sites fall within the Early to the Late Paleolithic peri ods and include both shel tered (caves and rock shelters) and open-air sites. The Lower Paleolithic sites of Ganj Par and Darband pro duced archae o logi cal record dating back at least to Middle Pleis tocene. For the later Middle Paleolithic pe riod, the only known site is Yarshalman, while late Paleolithic re mains are known from at least four caves and rock shelters and two open-air sites. Gilan cur rently fur nishes the most convinc ing evi dence for the Acheul ian indus - try in Iran and the earli est radio met ric date for the presence of hominins in the Ira nian Plateau.
    [Show full text]