DOCSLIB.ORG

BCCM (#56A)—Proposed Finding

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

BCCM (#56a)—Proposed Finding TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS UNDER THE CRITERIA...........................................................10 Criterion 83.7(a).................................................................................................................12 Criterion 83.7(b) ................................................................................................................17 Criterion 83.7(c).................................................................................................................39 Criterion 83.7(d) ................................................................................................................62 Criterion 83.7(e).................................................................................................................63 Criterion 83.7(f) .................................................................................................................69 Criterion 83.7(g) ................................................................................................................70 FIGURES APPENDICES BIBLIOGRAPHY Summary under the Criteria for the Amended Proposed Finding on the BILOXI, CHITIMACHA CONFEDERATION OF MUSKOGEES, INC. INTRODUCTION The Office of the Assistant Secretary - Indian Affairs (AS-IA) within the Department of the Interior (Department) issues this proposed finding in response to the petition the Department received from the group known as the Biloxi, Chitimacha Confederation of Muskogees, Inc. (BCCM) of Louisiana. The petitioner seeks Federal acknowledgment as an Indian tribe under Part 83 of Title 25 of the Code of Federal Regulations (25 CFR Part 83), “Procedures for Establishing that an American Indian Group Exists as an Indian Tribe.” The evidence in the administrative record, submitted by the BCCM petitioner and third parties and obtained by Department staff through its verification research, is insufficient to demonstrate that the petitioner meets all seven mandatory criteria required for Federal acknowledgment. Specifically, the petitioner does not meet criteria 83.7(b), 83.7(c), 83.7(d), or 83.7(e). The petitioner meets criteria 83.7(a), 83.7(f) and 83.7(g). An explanation of the Department’s evaluation of each criterion is presented in sections that follow this introduction. In accordance with the regulations set forth in 25 CFR 83.10(m), failure to meet any one of the criteria in section 83.7 requires a determination that the petitioning group is not an Indian tribe within the meaning of Federal law. Therefore, the Department proposes to decline to acknowledge that the BCCM petitioner is an Indian tribe. Regulatory Procedures The acknowledgment regulations under 25 CFR Part 83 establish procedures by which an Indian group may seek Federal acknowledgment as an Indian tribe with a government-to-government relationship with the United States. To be entitled to such a political relationship with the United States, the petitioner must submit evidence demonstrating that it meets the seven mandatory criteria set forth in section 83.7 of the regulations. Failure to meet any one of the mandatory criteria will result in a determination that the group is not an Indian tribe within the meaning of Federal law. The Office of Federal Acknowledgment (OFA) within the Office of the AS-IA has responsibility for administering the Federal acknowledgment regulations and evaluating petitions based on the evidence in the administrative record. BCCM (#56a): Proposed Finding The time periods for the evaluation of documented petitions are set forth in the acknowledgment regulations in section 83.10. Publication of the notice of a proposed finding in the Federal Register initiates a 180-day comment period during which the petitioner and interested and informed parties may submit arguments and evidence to support or rebut the evidence relied upon in the proposed finding. Such comments should be submitted in writing to the Office of the Assistant Secretary - Indian Affairs, 1951 Constitution Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20240, Attention: Office of Federal Acknowledgment, Mail Stop 34B-SIB. Interested and informed parties must provide a copy of their comments to the petitioner. The regulations, at 25 CFR 83.10(k), provide petitioners a minimum of 60 days to respond to any comments on the proposed finding submitted during the comment period. At the end of the response period for the proposed finding, OFA shall consult with the petitioner and interested parties to determine an equitable time frame for consideration of the arguments and evidence submitted during the comment and response periods. OFA shall notify the petitioner and interested parties of the date such consideration begins. After consideration of all arguments and evidence received during the comment and response periods, the AS-IA will issue a final determination regarding the petitioner’s status. The Department will publish a notice of this final determination in the Federal Register. The Petitioner The Biloxi, Chitimacha Confederation of Muskogees, Inc. (BCCM), Petitioner #56a, is a confederation of three subgroups each of which claims to be the continuation of a historical Indian community on a specific bayou in south-central Louisiana: the Bayou Lafourche Band, Grand Caillou/Dulac Band, and Isle de Jean Charles Band. BCCM claims to descend from the historical Biloxi, Chitimacha, Acolapissa, Atakapa, and Choctaw tribes, contending that individuals from those tribes came together in the late 1700’s and early 1800’s on the lower bayous of modern Terrebonne Parish. It does not claim to descend from the historical Houma tribe, although its members and their ancestors have been called “Houma” Indians since at least 1907. Most of BCCM’s members previously had been members of the United Houma Nation (UHN), Petitioner #56, which received a negative proposed finding in 1994. BCCM submitted a letter of intent to petition for Federal acknowledgment in 1995, soon after its current organization was formed. BCCM’s subgroups have adopted constitutions, but BCCM has not submitted a governing document for the confederation. BCCM has 2,545 members in its three subgroups. Administrative History The Department received a letter of intent to petition for acknowledgment as the Biloxi, Chitimacha Confederation of Muskogees on October 24, 1995. This letter followed a letter in 1995 from the group’s chairman that stated the “Indian communities of Grand Caillou, Pointe aux Chene, Isle de Jean Charles, Bayou DuLarge, and Montegut” had withdrawn from the UHN petitioner, which had received a negative proposed finding in December 1994 (59 F.R. 66118). - 2 - BCCM (#56a): Proposed Finding The group claimed ownership of the petition submitted by UHN. In 1996, BCCM advised the Department that “the Pointe aux Chene Indian Tribe has decided to seek federal recognition independently and should not be considered a member community of this confederation.” After receiving letters of intent to petition for Federal acknowledgment from the BCCM petitioner as well as the Pointe-au-Chien Indian Tribe (PACIT) petitioner, the Department took the position that the BCCM, PACIT, and UHN petitioners would be treated as “three separate, independent petitioners sharing a common original petition....” The Department advised the BCCM petitioner in 1996 of its decision to issue an “amended Proposed Finding” for BCCM, saying that, “[p]rocedurally, BCCM is being treated as a petitioner with a proposed finding....” The Department set a time period for BCCM to respond to the UHN proposed finding and submit its own petition documentation. The Department informed the BCCM petitioner that it would treat the petitioner as being “covered by the documented petition which was previously submitted” by the UHN petitioner. The Department also advised the petitioner that it should submit its governing document, its membership list, and a narrative responding to the UHN proposed finding. Based on this combination of new evidence and the original UHN petition documentation, the Department indicated it would issue “an amended Proposed Finding” that would “pertain specifically to the BCCM.” The amended proposed finding would also give the public an opportunity to comment on the BCCM petition. On November 6, 1996, BCCM submitted comments on the UHN petition plus its own petition documentation. BCCM submitted additional petition documentation on May 15, 1997. The BCCM petition has been considered to be in “active consideration” status, together with the original UHN petition, since filing its letter of intent. The Department notified BCCM that evaluation of its petition began on February 4, 2005, and a period to submit additional materials would close on April 15. Three subgroups of BCCM—“Bayou Lafourche,” “Grand Caillou/Dulac,” and “Isle de Jean Charles”—separately submitted petition documentation to the Department by April 15, 2005. BCCM’s submission in 1996 consisted of a cover letter accompanied by BCCM-designed UHN resignation forms, BCCM membership declaration forms, ancestry charts, individual history charts, and membership lists supplied by BCCM’s “Grand Caillou,” “Isle de Jean Charles,” “Lower Lafourche,” and “Bayou Dularge” subgroups. BCCM’s submission in 1997 consisted of a narrative report entitled “The BCCM Indians of Terrebonne and Lafourche Parishes,” compiled five-generation genealogies (and grandchildren
Recommended publications
  • 2013 Path Forward

    2013 Path Forward

    2013 Path Forward August 2013 Version 1 South Central Planning and Development Commission 2013 OZONE ADVANCE AUGUST 2013 SOUTH CENTRAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION PO BOX 1870 GRAY, LA 985-851-2900 HTTP://WWW.SCPDC.ORG Page 2 2013 Path Forward Contents Introduction 4 The South Central Planning and Development (SCPDC) District 4 The Houma-Thibodaux MPO 4 Parish Population Trends 4 Table 1: Population Projections 4 Map 1: Houma-Thibodaux MPO Area 5 Settlement and Economic Activity 6 Vulnerable Populations 6 Table 2: Vulnerable Populations 6 MPO Structure 6 Map 2: Ports and Airports 7 Collaboration 8 Nearby Examples 8 Map 3: LA Metro Commute Patterns 9 Potential Strategies 9 Measuring Air Quality 10 Table 3: 8- Hour Design Values 10 Table 4: Particulate Matter Readings 10 Outreach and Education 10 Promotional Activities 12 Questions 12 Table 4: Gantt Chart 13 Appendix A: Letters of Participation 19 Appendix B: Meeting Minutes 29 Appendix C: News Articles 90 Page 3 South Central Planning and Development Commission Path Forward cal plants in the River Parishes. The raw materials are moved via a variety of transportation modes, including Introduction pipeline, marine barge, rail freight, and highway. The On July 6, 2012, the Houma-Thibodaux Metropolitan River Parishes also have grain elevators, where product Planning Organization sent a letter to the Environmen- transported down the river from farms in the Mid-West tal Protection Agency (EPA) indicating its participation is stored prior to export. in the Ozone Advance Program. Shortly thereafter, on As the SCPDC district effort develops, this Path For- April 23, 2013, the MPO followed up with another let- ward document for the MPO will serve as a template ter indicating its participation in the Particulate Matter for the Path Forward for the larger, regional, six-parish Advance Program.
  • ACADIA PLANTATION RECORDS Mss

    ACADIA PLANTATION RECORDS Mss

    ACADIA PLANTATION RECORDS Mss. 4906 Inventory Compiled by Catherine Ashley Via and Rebecca Smith Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections Special Collections, Hill Memorial Library Louisiana State University Libraries Baton Rouge, Louisiana 2005 Revised 2015 Updated 2020, 2021 ACADIA PLANTATION RECORDS Mss. 4906 1809-2004 SPECIAL COLLECTIONS, LSU LIBRARIES CONTENTS OF INVENTORY SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 4 HISTORICAL NOTE ..................................................................................................................... 5 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE ............................................................................................................... 8 SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE ................................................................................................. 10 LIST OF SERIES AND SUBSERIES .......................................................................................... 11 SERIES DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................................................ 12 INDEX TERMS ............................................................................................................................ 25 CONTAINER LIST ...................................................................................................................... 28 Appendix A: Oversized materials from Series II, Legal Records, Subseries 1, General Appendix B: Oversized
  • DON DAVIS: –40 Horsepower and Again Going Back to Cajun Ingenuity, Which I Bet Your Grandfather Can Help Us With–

    DON DAVIS: –40 Horsepower and Again Going Back to Cajun Ingenuity, Which I Bet Your Grandfather Can Help Us With–

    DON DAVIS: –40 horsepower and again going back to Cajun ingenuity, which I bet your grandfather can help us with– CLIFFORD SMITH: Oh without a doubt. DAVIS: –they just figured out how to put it in but it had a – I don‟t know if you‟ve ever seen it yet – he‟d crank them this way. Alright, well you had to get up and crank them. Well if you miscranked you broke your arm. And I‟m sure and so before we leave we‟d like very much if you don‟t mind giving us the contact information and if you wouldn‟t object to just, you know, college professor types coming in and doing exactly what we‟re doing here. CARL BRASSEAUX: Harassing him like that. DD: But if we don‟t it‟s gonna stay in the DeHart family and fifty years from now when that kind of information will be probably very important we‟ll have nobody to talk to. CS: He can give you the whole history of the mechanical application– DD: Aw that‟s– CS: –of engines from the – I‟m telling you he grew up down the bayou. I bet you would – her grandfather grew up – her grandfather about the same age as I am and he probably can remember cause, I mean, he grew up down the bayou. I mean, I grew up on the bayou. He can tell you about people living in houseboats. They didn‟t live on the land; they lived in houseboats. They lived, again, they would oar out to (? 01:26) because, again, he knows this, his grandfather knows this, but before you had an engine that boomed a boat continuously – you didn‟t have a trawl.
  • Acadiens and Cajuns.Indb

    Acadiens and Cajuns.Indb

    canadiana oenipontana 9 Ursula Mathis-Moser, Günter Bischof (dirs.) Acadians and Cajuns. The Politics and Culture of French Minorities in North America Acadiens et Cajuns. Politique et culture de minorités francophones en Amérique du Nord innsbruck university press SERIES canadiana oenipontana 9 iup • innsbruck university press © innsbruck university press, 2009 Universität Innsbruck, Vizerektorat für Forschung 1. Auflage Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Umschlag: Gregor Sailer Umschlagmotiv: Herménégilde Chiasson, “Evangeline Beach, an American Tragedy, peinture no. 3“ Satz: Palli & Palli OEG, Innsbruck Produktion: Fred Steiner, Rinn www.uibk.ac.at/iup ISBN 978-3-902571-93-9 Ursula Mathis-Moser, Günter Bischof (dirs.) Acadians and Cajuns. The Politics and Culture of French Minorities in North America Acadiens et Cajuns. Politique et culture de minorités francophones en Amérique du Nord Contents — Table des matières Introduction Avant-propos ....................................................................................................... 7 Ursula Mathis-Moser – Günter Bischof des matières Table — By Way of an Introduction En guise d’introduction ................................................................................... 23 Contents Herménégilde Chiasson Beatitudes – BéatitudeS ................................................................................................. 23 Maurice Basque, Université de Moncton Acadiens, Cadiens et Cajuns: identités communes ou distinctes? ............................ 27 History and Politics Histoire
  • Conversational Cajun French 1

    Conversational Cajun French 1

    Mais, sa c’est queque chose quand meme! Apprendre le français cadien par la lecture! Cajun French is still widely heard throughout Louisiana. However, this language—spoken by the descendants of the exiled Acadians—is in danger of disappearing. It was illegal to speak it at one time and even today, the teaching of Cajun French in schools is a controversial issue. With the publication of Conversational Cajun French 1, the first systematic approach to teaching the language, Cajun French becomes Conversational Cajun French 1 accessible to those born outside Cajun families. Authors Randall Whatley and Harry Jannise, Cajuns who speak fluent Cajun French, originally developed this handbook for a series of informal conversational Cajun French classes for the Louisiana State University Union in Baton Rouge. As an introduction Conversational to Cajun French, the book is extremely practical. Conversational Cajun French 1 focuses on everyday words and common phrases that can be understood everywhere the language is spoken, despite the various dialects Cajun French 1 and subdialects. Included are lessons in everyday words such as days and months, holidays, parts of the body, numbers, clothing, colors, rooms of By Randall P. Whatley and Harry Jannise the house and their furnishings, foods, animals, fruits and vegetables, tools, plants, and trees. In addition, there is a section of useful expressions and a list of traditional Cajun names. Although the book is designed to be used in conjunction with audio CDs or downloads (available from Pelican), a pronunciation guide enables even the beginning student working alone to learn enough to converse Whatley/Jannise with Cajuns—or at least enough to stay out of trouble in South Louisiana! Conversational Cajun French 1 is an important book not only because it provides a means for those trying to learn Cajun French on their own, but also because it marks an effort to preserve the language and culture and to win a wider acceptance for this unique aspect of Louisiana’s—and indeed the United States’—heritage.
  • BAYOU LAFOURCHE CORRIDOR PLAN ASCENSION, ASSUMPTION, and LAFOURCHE PARISHES State of Louisiana

    BAYOU LAFOURCHE CORRIDOR PLAN ASCENSION, ASSUMPTION, and LAFOURCHE PARISHES State of Louisiana

    03C0720078 Sliaw® Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, Inc. FINAL DRAFT BAYOU LAFOURCHE CORRIDOR PLAN ASCENSION, ASSUMPTION, and LAFOURCHE PARISHES State of Louisiana August 2007 Submitted to the Lafourche Parish Government Ascension Parish Government Assumption Parish Police Jury and the following Municipalities: Donaldsonville Napoleonville Thibodaux Lockport Golden Meadow Submitted by Shaw Environmental and lnfrastrncture, Inc. 4171 Essen Lane Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809 S!Ja·w E & /, foc.·P.iPiAJ/NiNG\WEHN..AFOURCHE PARJSH GOvn 122646-BYU LAf CORRIDOR\J?eporls'&you La!ourclie Corridor P/anl.B}u la!ourcfie Corridor teporl 081407 UC.doc 8.20.01 Sh~ Bayou Lafourche Corridor Plan Shaw Environmenlat & lflfraslruct1.1re, Inc. Table of Contents __________________ 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Background ...........................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Approach and Methodology .................................................................................................. 1-2 2.0 INVENTORY AND ANAL YSIS ........................................................................................................ 2-1 2. 1 Setting-Physical, Social and Cultural .................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Land Use .............................................................................................................................
  • The New York Times Company 2001 Annual Report 1

    The New York Times Company 2001 Annual Report 1

    596f1 2/27/02 8:21 AM Page 1 The New York Times Company SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION Shareholder Stock Listing The program assists and Globe Santa, which distributes Information Online The New York Times Company encourages promising students toys and books to needy chil- www.nytco.com Class A Common Stock is whose parents may not have dren in the greater Boston To stay up to date on the listed on the New York had the opportunity to attend area and is administered by Times Company, visit our Stock Exchange. college, to earn degrees from the Foundation, raised $1.4 Web site, where you will find Ticker symbol: NYT accredited four-year colleges million in its 2001 campaign. news about the Company as or universities. Each scholarship well as shareholder and finan- Auditors provides up to $12,000 annually Annual Meeting toward the student’s education. cial information. Deloitte & Touche LLP The Annual Meeting of Tw o World Financial Center shareholders will be held The Foundation’s 2001 annual Office of the Secretary New York, NY 10281 on Tuesday, April 16, 2002, report, scheduled for midyear at 10 a.m. (212) 556-7531 publication, is available at Automatic Dividend www.nytco/foundation or It will take place at: Corporate Reinvestment Plan by mail on request. New Amsterdam Theatre Communications The Company offers share- 214 West 42nd Street holders a plan for automatic (212) 556-4317 The New York Times Neediest New York, NY 10036 reinvestment of dividends in Cases Fund, administered by Investor Relations its Class A Common Stock the Foundation, raised $9.0 mil- for additional shares.
  • Bayou Lafourche Permit Processing Instructions Donaldsonville to Larose, Louisiana

    Bayou Lafourche Permit Processing Instructions Donaldsonville to Larose, Louisiana

    APPENDIX A, Ordinance No. 5 Bayou Lafourche Fresh Water BLFWD 1016 St. Mary Street, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70301 Telephone (985) 447-7155 Facsimile (985) 447-6307 Bayou Lafourche Permit Processing Instructions Donaldsonville to Larose, Louisiana You have received this packet of information because you are interested in obtaining a permit to construct a physical structure and/or do dredging or filling or some other activity in Bayou Lafourche between its head waters at Donaldsonville and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway in Larose, LA. Besides the permit issued by the Bayou Lafourche Fresh Water BLFWD (the “BLFWD”) as a result of this application, other permits, certifications and/or approvals may be needed for the activity you are undertaking. If you are proposing to dredge or fill any portion of Bayou Lafourche, in addition to the BLFWD’s permit, you must secure a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. In addition, if the activity you are proposing is located within the Louisiana Coastal Zone, coordination with Louisiana Department of Natural Resources is required. Finally, it is incumbent upon the applicant to assure the proposed activity does not require coordination with any other federal, state and local governing entity, including but not limited to towns, villages, cities and parishes with jurisdiction over the affected property. It is highly recommended that you contact these agencies prior to the onset of any activity in Bayou Lafourche. The BLFWD patrols and inspects Bayou Lafourche regularly and will report any and all activity to the appropriate agencies in order to assure that proper approvals/permits have been secured.
  • 7KH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV &RPSDQ\

    7KH 1HZ <RUN 7LPHV &RPSDQ\

    2009 Annual Report TO OUR In 2009 we reported operating profit of $74 million com- SHAREHOLDERs pared with an operating loss of $41 million in 2008. Operat- ing profit, excluding depreciation, amortization, severance 2010 is here, and The New York Times Company is and special items, was $320 million in 2009 compared with continuing to make the transition from an enterprise $382 million in 2008, as we dealt with the economic reces- that operated primarily in print to one that is increas- sion and the very difficult advertising environment.* ingly digital and multiplatform in delivery and global in reach. The New York Times, New England and Regional Repositioning for Growth Media Groups and the About Group all made significant Our 2009 results reflect the positive impact of the aggressive contributions to this long-term effort to achieve genuine actions we have taken to reposition our businesses for the transformation and improve our performance. This process evolving media landscape. These actions included: has required rethinking, reinventing, risk-taking, sacrifice, n Securing strong performance on costs, focusing relentlessly creativity and hard decisions. While it is never easy for an on increasing productivity and efficiency as we restructured organization to redefine itself, it is much more difficult to our cost base; achieve this goal in the midst of such unusual and stark n Diversifying our revenue streams, including increasing economic circumstances. revenues from our digital sources, introducing an array of new products and innovations, and extending our reach to In 2009 we contended with an unsettled national economy new audiences; that disrupted virtually every sector, adversely affecting n Leveraging our brand strength to grow profitable circula- consumer demand and severely limiting future visibility.
  • Native American Contacts

    Native American Contacts

    Updated February 2, 2016 List of Federally and State Recognized Native American Tribes and Other Contacts - State of Louisiana Federally Recognized Tribes Alabama Coushatta Tribe of Texas Caddo Nation Oscola Clayton Sylestine, Tamara Francis-Fourkiller, Chief Chairperson Ronnie Thomas, Chairman P.O. Box 487 www.alabama-coushatta.com Binger, OK 73009 Phone (405) 656-2344 *Bryant Celestine, Historic Fax (405) 656-2892 Preservation Officer [email protected] 571 State Park Rd. 56 www.caddonation-nsn.gov Livingston, TX 77351 Phone (936) 563-1181 Kim Penrod, Acting Fax (936) 563-1183 THPO Tribal AOI [email protected] Tribal AOI (405) 656-2344 [email protected] [email protected] Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma O'Neil J. Darden, Jr. Gary Batton, Chief Chairman P.O. Box 661 P.O. Drawer 1210 Charenton, LA 70523 Durant, OK 74702 Phone (337) 923-7215 Phone (800) 522-6170 Fax (337) 923-6848 www.choctawnation.com www.chitimacha.gov *Ian Thompson, THPO * Kimberly Walden, 580-924-8280, ext. 2216 Cultural Director/THPO [email protected] Phone (337) 923-9923 [email protected] Tribal AOI Tribal AOI Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana Jena Band of Choctaw Indians Lovelin Poncho, Chairman B. Cheryl Smith, Chief P.O. Box 818 P.O. Box 14 Elton, LA 70532 Jena, LA 71342-0014 Phone (337) 584-2261 Phone (318) 992-2717 Fax (337) 584-2998 Fax (318) 992-8244 www.coushattatribela.org [email protected] www.jenachoctaw.org * Dr. Linda Langley, THPO Heritage Department P.O. *Alina Shively, Deputy THPO Box 10 (318) 992-1205 Elton, LA 70352 [email protected] Phone (337) 584-1567 Tribal AOI Tribal AOI [email protected] Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma Phyllis J.
  • Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Indians: Rising Tides

    Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Indians: Rising Tides

    Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Indians: Rising Tides For decades, the Isle de Jean Charles off the coast of Louisiana served as a refuge for the Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Indians. Today, their island is vanishing into the sea, leaving residents stranded without a piece of dry land to stand on. Over the last fifty years, the island has lost all but a sliver of its landmass due to a variety of human activities, all likely exacerbated by the impacts of climate change. Isle de Jean Charles is a slender ridge of land between Bayou Terrebonne and Bayou Pointe-aux- Chene in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana. Reachable only by boat or a wagon trail that disappeared during high tides, the island was virtually cut off from civilization until the 1950s. The island's isolation protected inhabitants from EuroAmerican settlers who banished nearby tribes to reservations in Oklahoma. Once considered "uninhabitable swamp land" by the state of Louisiana, the Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Indians created a thriving subsistence lifestyle on the island of trapping, fishing, and agriculture. Their lifestyle changed little after the construction of the slim "island road" in 1953 because it became impassable during floods or when the wind shifted. Boats remained the most reliable source of transportation until the late 1990s when the road was elevated. This could explain why residents refer to the community as an island, while it is, in fact, a peninsula. Despite the tribe's geographic isolation, "There's a lot of changes that happened on the island in my lifetime," says tribal Chief Albert Naquin. The oil and gas industry dredged canals and built pipelines that allowed saltwater to encroach upon and destroy the freshwater wetlands that surrounded Isle de Jean Charles until the 1960s.
  • MINUTES of MEETING the MAX Charter School Board of Directors

    MINUTES of MEETING the MAX Charter School Board of Directors

    MINUTES OF MEETING The MAX Charter School Board of Directors DATE: July 7, 2016 TIME: 9:05 A.M. PLACE: Max Charter School Present: Jake Giardina, Karen Chauvin, Carol ―Boo‖ Broussard, Brian Aucoin, Dr. Al Davis, Dr. Cleveland Hill, and Crystal Guillot Also present were Linda Musson, Rebecca Walker, Rhonda Avant, and Warren Triche (9:20.) Absent: Andrea Bollinger-Giardina, Dr. Angelle Hebert, J.J. Buquet, and Wendie Darcey AGENDA RECOMMENDATION 1. Call to Order J. Giardina called the meeting to order at 9:05 A.M. 2. Roll Call J. Giardina called the roll, and a sign-in sheet was passed around. 3. Approval of the Minutes The Minutes of June 2, 2016, were presented. The Minutes of June 2, 2016, were approved as presented. 4. Board Training/Special Guest Presentation Although there was no actual training, B. Broussard reported that Louisiana Superintendent of Schools John White will be in Houma on August 1st at the Terrebonne Parish School Board Office from 10:00 A.M. to 12:00 noon. He will discuss the new ESSA (Every Student Succeeds Act) which replaces NCLB (No Child Left Behind.) o Representing MAX Charter will be R. Walker and L. J. Giardina asked to be reminded about the meeting. Musson, along with anyone else who wishes to attend. 5. Teacher Representative Report None 6. Finance Report Financial Report and Update on Insurance and Finance Matters S. Bourg presented the May 2016 financial statements. S. Bourg went over the financials. Grants: S. Bourg’s report consisted of the following: The EGMS grant application for the 2016-2017 school year has been submitted and is substantially approved—meaning that expenses can now be allocated toward these funds.