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Determining Cadmium Critical Concentrations in Natural Soils By Determining cadmium critical concentrations in natural soils by assessing Collembola mortality, reproduction and growth Thomas Bur, Anne Probst, Audrey Bianco, Laure Gandois, Yves Crouau To cite this version: Thomas Bur, Anne Probst, Audrey Bianco, Laure Gandois, Yves Crouau. Determining cad- mium critical concentrations in natural soils by assessing Collembola mortality, reproduction and growth. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Elsevier, 2010, Vol. 7, pp. 415-422. 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.10.010. hal-00905962 HAL Id: hal-00905962 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00905962 Submitted on 19 Nov 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. =.-& M*A"#/- !)'1)'$- M*A"#/- ='/-*(- R=M!M=S =M!M= #$ %& ).-& %AA-$$ *-.)$#()*N ("%( A)11-A($ ("- Y)*Z )5 !)'1)'$- *-$-%*A"-*$ %&, K%Z-$ #( 5*--1N %/%#1%01- )/-* ("- Y-0 Y"-*- .)$$#01-4 !"#$ #$ %& %'(")*+,-.)$#(-, /-*$#)& .'01#$"-, #&2 "((.233)%(%)4'&#/+()'1)'$-45*3 6.*#&($ 782 9:;< !" #$%& '" '($) *+'$,#-2 8=72>?4>?>:3@4-A)-&/4B??C4>?4?>? DEF2 "((.233,G4,)#4)*H3>?4>?>:3@4-A)-&/4B??C4>?4?>? !" ,$'- '($) .-+)$"% 2 I'*J !")K%$ %&, L*)0$(J M&&- %&, I#%&A)J M',*-N %&, O%&,)#$J F%'*- %&, P*)'%'J Q/-$ RB?10S ! ! "#$%$%&'()*#$+#' ("$!$(),'(-%( %!")!$-%.'$%'%)!+"),'.- $,.'/0').. ..$%&'1-,, #/-,)'#-"!),$!02' " 3"-*+(!$-%')%*'&"-4!56 6A)()G#A)1)HN %&, 6 &/#*)&K-&(%1 T%5-(NJ U)14 <9 R& 9S4 ..4 ;>W+;BB4 7TTX ?>;<+:W>9 M&N A)**-$.)&,-&A- A)&A-*&#&H ("#$ $-*/#A- $")'1, 0- $-&( () ("- *-.)$#()*N %,K#&#$(*%()*2 $(%55+)%(%)[#&.+()'1)'$-45* Determining cadmium critical concentrations in natural soils by assessing Collembola mortality, reproduction and growth$ T. Bur a,c, A. Probst a,c, A. Bianco a,c, L. Gandois a,c, Y. Crouau b,c,n a Universite´ de Toulouse, UPS, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire d’e´cologie fonctionnelle), ENSAT, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole,ˆ F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France b Universite´ de Toulouse, UPS, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire d’e´cologie fonctionnelle), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France c CNRS, EcoLab, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France a b s t r a c t The toxicity of cadmium for the Collembola Folsomia candida was studied by determining the effects of increasing Cd concentrations on growth, survival and reproduction in three cultivated and forested soils with different pH (4.5–8.2) and organic matter content (1.6–16.5%). The Cd concentration in soil CaCl2 exchangeable fraction, in soil solution and in Collembola body was determined. At similar total soil concentrations, the Cd concentration in soil solutions strongly decreased with increasing pH. Reproduction was the most sensitive parameter. Low organic matter content was a limiting factor Keywords: for reproduction. Effect of Cd on reproduction was better described by soil or body concentrations than Ecotoxicity by soil solution concentration. Values of EC50-Repro expressed on the basis of nominal soil concentration Soil À were 182, 111 and 107 mg g 1, respectively, for a carbonated cultivated soil (AU), an acid forested soil Collembola with high organic matter (EPC) and a circumneutral cultivated soil with low organic content (SV). Cadmium Reproduction Sensitivity to Cd was enhanced for low OM content and acidic pH. The effect of Cd on reproduction is Mortality not directly related to Cd concentration in soil solution for carbonated soil: a very low value is found for Growth EC50-Repro (0.17) based on soil solution for the soil with the highest pH (AU; pH=8.2). Chronic toxicity À Bioaccumulation cannot be predicted on the basis of soluble fractions. Critical concentrations were 8 Â 10 5, 1.1, Critical load 0.3 mg mLÀ1, respectively, for AU, EPC and SV soils. pH 1. Introduction Bakker, 1996; Probst et al., 2003a, b; Slootweg et al., 2005). CL are based on the estimate of the highest concentration in soil solution Critical load (CL) was defined as ‘‘the quantitative estimate of (critical concentration, CC, De Vries et al., 2007) supposed to have an exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant no effect on a soil function, community or population. Indeed this harmful effects on specified sensitive elements of the environ- CC remains difficult to determine. Actually, models based on free ment do not occur according to the present knowledge’’ (Nilsson ions concentrations are often used for that purpose (Lofts et al., and Grennfelt, 1988). CL has first been developed to evaluate and 2004). But calibrations are still needed regarding toxicological mitigate the effect of acid rain on forest ecosystems in Europe (De impact on various soil organisms under different soil properties Vries, 1988; De Vries et al., 1994; Warfvinge and Sverdrup, 1992; (De Vries et al., 2007). Bioassays using soil organisms might be Hornung et al., 1995) and particularly in France (Dambrine et al., useful tools to determine CC if they refer to ecologically relevant 1993; Massabuau et al., 1995; Party et al., 1995, 2001; Moncoulon parameters like mortality, growth or reproduction. Molecular et al., 2004, 2007). Since 1991, CL maps are used for international parameters (for example enzymatic activities) do not allow to negotiations on air pollution abatement strategies (Hettelingh determine the ecological impact of a specific chemical. Five et al., 1991). It is now well admitted as a powerful tool to estimate standardized tests using soil animal models are used in Europe: ecosystem sensitivity to pollutant inputs. Eisenia fetida (Annelide) mortality and reproduction tests (Inter- As a first attempt, CL for heavy metals (HM) in soils (De Vries national Standard Organisation, ISO 11268-1, 1994, ISO 11268-2, and Bakker, 1996) were estimated in a similar way (De Vries and 1997), Folsomia candida (Collembola) reproduction test (ISO 11267, 1998), Enchytraeids reproduction test (ISO 16387, 2001), and the assay for field testing with earthworm (ISO 11268-3, $ The experiments were conducted in accordance with national and institu- 1999). These assays usually concern normalised substrate rather tional guidelines for the protection of human subjects and animal welfare. n than field soils. Corresponding author at: Universite´ de Toulouse, UPS, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire d’e´cologie fonctionnelle), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Collembola are relevant target organisms to determine CC of E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Crouau). HM in soils since (i) they are detritivorous, contribute to the ARTICLE IN PRESS nutrient cycle in soils and are widespread in most natural soils. (particularly the carbonated soil, AU) compared to the acidic forested soil (EPC). Moreover, they have been extensively studied, particularly Soil moisture were set up to 25%, 30% and 20%, respectively, for AU, EPC and SV (50% water holding capacity, WHC), to enhance development of Collembola by F. candida, which is commonly used as a biological model in creating an adequate crumbly structure. Cd concentrations were in the range of laboratory test for pollutant toxicity assessment. The F. candida low contaminated soils (Baize, 1997). reproduction test is increasingly used because it is sensitive and The aim of the study was to compare the responses to Cd toxicity of various because the breeding of F. candida is easy (Riepert, 1995). It was soils with different physico-chemical characteristics. Consequently, to match field conditions as closely as possible, the ISO 11267 guidelines were not appropriate. mainly used to assess the toxicity of pure metals (Van Straalen et al., 1989; Crommentuijn et al., 1995, 1997; Sandifer and 2.2. Collembola cultures Hopkin, 1996; Scott-Fordsmann et al., 1997; Smit and Van Gestel, 1998; Crouau et al., 1999; Fountain and Hopkin, 2001) or of A culture of F. candida was reared in the laboratory at 2071 1C in darkness, organic chemicals (Herbert et al., 2004; Eom et al., 2007). in glass containers with a base of plaster of Paris/charcoal powder mixture Application to complex mixtures such as polluted soils or wastes (ratio 4/1). Distilled water and a small amount of dried Baker’s yeast (as a food are less numerous (Smit and Van Gestel, 1996; Fountain and source) were added weekly. F. candida juveniles were collected two times a week Hopkin, 2004; Crouau et al., 2002; Crouau and Cazes, 2005; with a suction apparatus in order to select synchronized populations. Crouau and Pinelli, 2008). The effects of temperature (Snider and Butcher, 1973), pH and soil moisture (Holmstrup, 1997; Van 2.3. Toxicity tests Gestel and Van Diepen, 1997; Van Gestel and Mol, 2003) as well as the variability between strains on test sensitivity have been The test consists in exposing juveniles to field soils contaminated by Cd and in comparing reproduction, growth and mortality with those of animals placed in studied (Crommentuijn et al., 1995; Chenon et al., 1999; Crouau non-contaminated control soil. For toxicity tests, plastic containers of approxi- and Moia, 2006). mately 100 mL were used. The natural soils were spiked with Cd(NO3)2 (0, 50, 100, À Organic matter and pH have often been identified as key 200, 400 mg Cd g 1 dry soil) and were equilibrated for a week before starting the factors, which control the complexation and availability of metals, toxicity tests. Cd was dissolved in distilled water, which was used for soil moistening. For each soil and each spiking concentration, 8 test containers and thus influence metal toxicity, noticeably for Cd (see as (12 for the control) were filled with 45 g of moist soil. Fifteen F. candida juveniles example, Crommentuijn et al., 1997; Son et al., 2007).
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    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 127 (2016) 22–29 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecoenv Ecotoxicity of mercury to Folsomia candida and Proisotoma minuta (Collembola: Isotomidae) in tropical soils: Baseline for ecological risk assessment Andressa Cristhy Buch a,n, Júlia Carina Niemeyer b, Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia c, Emmanoel Vieira Silva-Filho a a Department of Environmental Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-007, Niterói, RJ, Brazil b Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Center of Curitibanos, Rod. Ulysses Gabordi, km 3, 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil c Embrapa Agrobiology, BR 465 km 7, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic nonessential trace metal. Despite its natural occurrence in the Earth's Received 29 September 2015 Crust, its concentrations have been steadily increasing in the environment due to anthropogenic sources. Received in revised form Recent studies have showed great concern about soil fauna, once the potential adverse effects of mercury 11 January 2016 concentrations in the environment of these invertebrates are still poorly understood, especially when Accepted 11 January 2016 linked to forest soils and tropical biota. Different collembolan species can show distinct toxicity effects to Available online 19 January 2016 the contaminants, impairing its developing lifelong and affecting its diversity and abundance in the Keywords: environment. Laboratory studies were performed to evaluate the ecotoxicity of Hg(II) to collembolan Autochthonous species species collected in Brazil, Proisotoma minuta (autochthonous) and Folsomia candida (allochthonous), as a Ecotoxicological tests tool to predict effects in ecological risk assessment of tropical regions.
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