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The Dead Sea Scrolls at Sixty Gary A. Rendsburg Rutgers University

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The Dead Sea Scrolls at Sixty Gary A. Rendsburg Rutgers University The Dead Sea Scrolls at Sixty Gary A. Rendsburg Rutgers University Part 1: The Discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls: A Story in Itself (May 4) Part 2: The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Story Continues (May 11) 1 Qumran caves Qumran caves Qumran caves Qumran Cave One 2 Muhammad edh-Dhib and colleague Kando Eleazar L. Sukenik (1889-1953) Second Isaiah Scroll (1QIsab) 3 War Scroll (1QM) Hodayot Scroll (Thanksgiving Hymns) (1QH) Kando Hodayot Scroll (Thanksgiving Hymns) (1QH) Mar Samuel First Isaiah The Syrian Scroll Metropolitan (1QIsaa) 4 Pesher Habakkuk (1QpHab) Community Rule (Manual of Discipline) (1QS) Genesis Apocryphon (1QapGen) [midrashic text dealing with Noah and Abraham] American Schools of Oriental Research (Jerusalem) Who Wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls? 5 Four Sects mentioned by Essenes: Josephus (c. 80 C.E.) • Communal life style • Initiation rites • Sadducees • Predetermination • Pharisees • Some were celibate (see also Philo) • Essenes • Strict interpretation of Jewish law • Zealots Pliny the Elder (23-79 C.E.), Natural History (77 C.E.) Community Rule (Manual of Locates the Essenes living Discipline) “above Ein Gedi” (1QS) “with no women among them, renouncing desire entirely, without money, with (only) palm trees for company” Community Rule (Manual of Discipline) (1QS) Not a single mention of women in the 11-column text 6 Mar Samuel The Syrian Metropolitan First Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) Yigael Yadin (1917-1984) Pesher Habakkuk (1QpHab) Community Rule (Manual of Discipline) (1QS) 7 Genesis Apocryphon Yigael (1QapGen) Yadin (1917- [midrashic 1984) text dealing with Noah with and Abraham] James Biberkraut (Chemistry professor) היכל הספר – Shrine of the Book מוזאון ישראל – Israel Museum Opened 1965 Qumran caves Qumran caves Qumran caves 8 Père Roland de Vaux, O.P. (1903-1971) Khirbet Qumran École biblique et archéologique française The Pantry The Dining Hall 9 The Scriptorium Writing Tables displayed at the Rockefeller Museum Water Large Channel Cistern 10 Miqveh Qumran cemetery Ein Fashha 11 Entrance to Qumran Cave 4 Qumran Cave 4 581 texts from 4Q364 Qumran Cave 4 4Q365 alone Reworked Pentateuch 4Q303 – Palestine 4Q307 Archaeological Museum Miscellaneous – Texts Rockefeller Museum 12 Scrollery at the Rockefeller Museum (PAM) Every biblical book (except Esther) is represented Best attested ones are: Psalms – 39 Numbers – 12 Deuteronomy – 31 The Twelve – 10 Isaiah – 22 Daniel – 8 Genesis – 18 Ezekiel – 7 Exodus – 18 Jeremiah – 6 Leviticus – 17 Ben Ezra Synagogue, Cairo 13 Damascus Document (one of two copies from the Cairo Geniza) The Opening to the Cairo Geniza Solomon Schechter (1847-1915) – Documents of Jewish sectaries, edited from Solomon Hebrew MSS. in the Cairo Genizah collection, Schechter now in the possession of the University Library, (1847-1915) Cambridge, vol. 1: Fragments of a Zadokite work. studying Geniza Louis Ginzberg (1873-1953) – fragments Eine unbekannte jüdische Sekte (1922) (c. 1896) (English translation: An Unknown Jewish Sect [1970]). Louis Ginzberg (1873-1953) 4Q266 Damascus Document 14 1967 – Six-Day War Temple Scroll (11QT) Yigael Yadin Kando 4QMMT 4QMMT Miqzat Ma‘ase ha-Torah Yigael Yadin at (“Some Precepts of Torah”) work on the Temple Scroll Halakhic Letter (c. 1970) Discovered in 1954 Assigned to John Strugnell in 1959 Made public in 1984 Published in 1994 by Elisha Qimron and John Strugnell Tefillin 15.
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