GGsomfim[I Ag@

incorporating f PETROCHEMICALS end POLYMERS

mPP!2S COMPANY. INC. (U

b JUL lU 1961 ~ s$k~i~fAprocesses

offered by

W. J. Fraser's agreement with th~ COMPAGNIE DE SAINT QOBAIN of France enables them to supply plant for important processes under licence in the U.K. and Commonwealth Countries.

Examples are : Phosphoric Acid (single reaction-tank process) P.V.C. (bulk volumerisation wocess) Malaic and ~htklic~nhydhdes ' (improved process) Complex Fertilisers Tripie Superphosphates Ammonium Phosphates and Ammonium Sulpho-Phosphates Limed Ammonium Nitrates

n-tank process. (Jointly developed by rn All enqulriem mhould be meat tor .'*I

1, Razord, Esaex. Tel: Ingrebourne 65666 'grams:~ber, Romford, Telex. Works: ~onksBretton. Bamley, Yorka. USTRALIA . NEW ZEALAND . PHODEBIA . SOUTH AFRICA . SPAIN ii CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961

Fabrications for the chemical industry in mild steel, stainless steel, aluminium etc. by

We design and manufacture all types of autoclaves, pressure vessels, jacketed pans and ancillary chemical plant equipment.

Typical 650 gal. s

~ ------'

THE YORKSHIRE ENGINEERING & WELDING CO. (BRADFORD) LTD., FRIAR'S WORKS, BRADFORD ROAD, IDLE, BRADFORD Tel : IDLE 470 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE 1017

Diethanolamine

riethanolamine

Monoisopropanolamine *" ", * . /* Diisopropanolamine

Triisopropanolamine

ropanolamines

from ,

Ethanolamines and Isopropanolamines of consistently high quality are readily available in drums or bulk. These materials have attained considerable importance in the manufacture of a wide range of products including emulsifiers, foam promoters and surface active agents. Write for technical literature.

SHELL CHEMICAL COMPANY LIMITED 15-17 at.Marlborough Street, London, W.l

Regional Offices at London. Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Belfast and Dublin. Overseas enquiriea should be directed to your Shell Company or to Shell International Chemical Company Limited. St. Swithin's House, St. D:vithin's Lane. London, E.C.I. 1018 CHEMICAL ACE 24 June 1961

Tkc fist firures refer to odvertisementJ in Chemical Aee Directorv & Who's Who. the second to the cumnt &ma

A.P V. Co. Ltd.. The - 163 Brotherhood. Peter. & Co. Ltd. .- 154 Dowlow Lime & Stone Co. Ltd. - A. W. Inrtrumeno (Guildford) Ltd. - Brough. E. A,. & Co. Ltd. - 127 Dryden. T . Ltd. - Arralnr l6A 11948)~.-. --Ltd - Bmwn. N. C.. Ltd. - Dunlop Rubber Co. Ltd. (G R.G. - African Pyrethrum Technical Information - llruno Pahlitach Durteladl - Centre 132 Bryan Donkin Co. Ltd.. The - E.C.D. Ltd. - 148 A& Products Lld. Bulk Liquid Transport Lld. - - Electric Redstmcc Furnace Co. - 121 Air Products GI. Britain Ltd. 276 Bulwark Transport Lld. Electm-Chemical Enginccrlng CO. Ltd. - Air Tratncn Link Ltd. 66 Burnrtt & Rolfc Ltd. - Eleccrt,thermal Enginecrlng Ltd. - Ailon & Co. Ltd. - 194 Bush. W. J.. & Co. Ltd. - Elsa Products Ltd. - 147 Albany Engineering Ca. LU.. Tbc 124 Butterfield. W. P.. Ltd. - - - Book Mark Ellnou. H. 1.. Ltd. - I55 Alginale Industries Ltd. Butterwortha Scientific Publications Ell1011 Brothers (London) Ltd - 123 Allen. Edgar. & Co. Ltd. - 145 Elmatic - I71 Allm Frederick & Sonr IPoolar) Ltd. - Callow Roek Lime Co. Ltd.. The - Endecc,tts (Filter,) Ltd. - i60 Ai~n:chaliiis Great Britain itd: - 245 & 249 Calmic Engineering Co. Ltd. - Evrns Eleetn~relcnium Ltd. - Alum.n~ Co. Ltd.. The - Carlrw, Capel. & Leonard Ltd. Evcred & Co. Ltd. - Ancorile Ltd. - 175 Causeway Reinforcement Ltd. - Andrew Air Conditioning Ltd. - Chrppell. Fred. Ltd. 1020 168 Farncll Carbons Ltd. - 136 Anglo-Dal Lrd - Chemical Age Enquiries ,051 1052 156 Feltham. Walter H.. & Co. Ltd. - Anthony. Mark, & Sons Ltd. - Chemical & Insulating Ca. Ltd.. The - IS2 Frrr.,. I. & E.. Ltd. - 211 Arnwur Herr Chemicals Lld. - Chemicals & Feeds Ltd. - 179 Ferronaticr Ltd. - Ashley Associates Ltd. - Chrmieau~rustungen Dcut~chcr Innen-Und. Fielden Electronics Ltd. - ~rhmure, Bmnon. Pease & Co. Ltd. - Auhenhrndel - 171 Flight Rrfuclling Ltd. - Asrociated Elretrical Industries Ltd. Chemolimper - Fireproof Tanks Ltd. - Motor & Control Gear Division - Christy & Norris Ltd. - 185 Foxboro-Yorall Ltd. - Alsocialed Elcctr8cal Industries Ltd. Cibir (A.R.L) Ltd. ,019 Fra\cr. W. J.. & Co. Ltd Front Cawr Turbine-Generator Division - 158 Ciba Clayton Ltd. - Freeman. W~llinm, & Co. Ltd. - IS3 Aaoclalcd Lcdd Mfrs. Ltd. - Ciech Ltd. - 207 Fullers' Earth Union Ltd., The - G!Cnrd Audca Limited - 164 Cltenco Limited - 121 U.V. Parachute Co. Ltr. -- Cla.isilied Advertincmenln 1049 & 1050 168 Gallenkamp. A.. & Co. Ltd. .- R.S.A. Small Tools Ltd. - 169 Clayton. Son & Co. Ltd. - Gascoirnc. Geo. H.. Co. Ltd. - 179 Bdkcr Perkins Ltd. - 138 Clvdcedale Chcm~cirl Co. Ltd. Cover iii (ittry Cc,.. Ltd . The - 173 Balfour. Henty. & Co. Ltd. - Cohm. Gcarge. Suns & Co. Ltd - 183 Gcncrsl Precision Systems Ltd. - 182 Barclay Kellett & CO. Ltd. - 141 Cole. R. H.. & Co. Ltd. - Glass Manufacturcn' Federation - 138 Brrytcs (Shielding Produc~)Ltd. - Colt Ventilation Ltd. - Glu\tl. T & Scms Ltd. - Berg. Courland & Co. Ltd. - 131 Comet Pump & Eng. Co. Ltd.. The - Glcbe Mines Ltd. - 128 Bcllirs & Moream Lld. - 269 Commercial Plastics Ltd. - Goodyear Pumps Ltd. - 165 Bennett. Sons & Shean Ltd. - Cunoolidated Zinc Corpontion Ltd. - 167 Grnvincr Mfg Co. Ltd. - GICdrd Berk. F W., & Co. Ltd. - Constable & Co. Ltd. - 172 GrecB. R. W , & Co. Ltd. - 138 Black. 8.. & Sons Ltd. - GlCard Constantin Engineers Ltd. - 2 Blackman. Keith. Lld. Constructarr John Bmwn. Ltd. Bark Cover - - IM ~:~;~c(L~p,!~g~~tr~~~ - Blrw. Knox Chemical Engineering Co. Ltd. - Controlled Convection Drying Co. - Hamilton Company Inc. 190 Blundell & Crompton Ltd. Cooke. Troughton & Simms Ltd. - - - 16 Harris (Lo\toik C;nlsm) Ltd. 1048 Boby. William. & Co. Ltd. Coultcr Electronics Ltd. - - Harvey. G. A,. & Ca. (London) Ltd. Borax & Chemicals Ltd. - Cmrnil & P~ercyLtd. - - 6 Haworth. F. (A.R.C.) Ltd. 205 Borrr Consolidated Ltd. - Crosfield. Jarcph. & Sons Ltd. - - Heafield Industricr Ltd. 4 Boulton. William. Ltd. - Cros5ley. Henry (Packings) Ltd. - - Ilrahv. Frederick. & Co. Ltd. - Hearson. Charles. & Co. Ltd. - 180 Crow Carrying Co. Ltd., The - Helmets Ltd. Brackctt. F. W.. & Co. Ltd. - 133 Cruickshank. R.. Ltd. - - 161 Hercules Powdcr Co. Ltd. - 265 British Achcsan Electrodes Ltd. - 159 Curran, Edward. Engineering Ltd. - - I32 Hrit~rhCarbo Norat Union Ltd. Rack Cover Hmdle. Jo\hur, & Sons Ltd. 219 Cyanamid of Great Britain Ltd. - 164 Holden. Chril., Ltd. Brltl\h Ceca Co. Ltd.. The IOU 213 Cyclo Chemicals Ltd. - - Humphreyr & Glrsgow Ltd. 193 Briti\h Celanevc Ltd. - 126 Cyclops Engineering Co. Ltd.. Tbc - - Brillah Drug Hou~sLtd., The 1026 I51 Huntingdon. Hebcrlcin & Co. Ltd. - 154 British Ermcto Corporation Lld. - 235 Dalglirh. John, & Sons Ltd. .- I C.I. (Billingham) - Spine Llritish Gcan Ltd. - IS2 Dank of Nethenon Ltd. - I C.1. Catalyvt~ - 271 Britlrh LaBour Pump Co. Ltd. - 136 Davcy & Moore Ltd. - I C.I General Chemicds Divisic~n - Br~tirhLcrd Mills Ltd. - 144 Davey. Pnxman & Co. Ltd. - IC I. Ltd. Hew) Oceanic Chemical\ 1021 GICard British Oxygen Company Ltd. (Huvy Davy & United Instruments Ltd - I.C.1 Mculs Titanium D. - Industrial Dept) - 140 Damon, McDonald & Dawson Ltd. - I.C.I. Plrstics-Dawic - 146 British Rotothcrm Co. Ltd., Tbe - Deutschc Slrtnzeugwrrcnfahrik - IC.I. Plastics-Fluon - 122 Britilh Steam Speeialtiu Ltd.. The - 143 Distillen Co. Ltd.. The - I.C.I. Ltd. (Plastics Division). Corvic - 126 Ilrit~~hTar Produru Ltd. - 139 Diqtillerr Co Ltd., The (Cheolicll I>iv.) 1047 I.C.I. (Florube) Ltd - British Thomran-Howton Co. Ltd., The - Distillers Co. Ltd., Tbe (Industrial Group) - 1.M.P.A. Ltd. - GICard British Titan Producu Co. Ltd. - 135 D~lrr-OliverCo Ltd. - lntcrsciencc Puhlirhcn Ltd. - Briti'h Vtrqueen Ltd - 131 Doulton Industrial Porcelainr Ltd. - Isopnd Ltd. - 321 Broadbent, Thomas, & Sons Ltd. - Dow Chemical Intcrnntionnl S.A. - (Conrinrne,l on p.qr 1020) CARRIERS OF KEEBUSH LIOUIDS IN BULK Keebush is an acid-resisting constructional material .c used for the construction of tanks, pumps, pipes, valves, ACIDS OILS . SPIRITS fans, etc. It is completely inert to most commercial acids; is unaffected by temperatures up to 130°C; possesses a AND GENERAL CHEMICALS relatively high mechanical strength, and is unaffected by thermal shock. It is being used in most industries where HAROLD WOOD & SONS LTD. acids are also being used. Write for particulars to- ' Wonnald St. Heckmondwike Tel.: Heckmondwike 101l/6md 144114 Telcr : 55116 KESTNER'S Bra~hOMCI: Cnne Close. Ncvrndon Industrial Estate. Barildon. Esser. 5 Grosvenor Gardens, London, S.W.1 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE ING THE SCALE

The electrical water treatment pipe units, made by Aquastat Ltd and used to prevent scale, have their interior surfaces coated with Araldite. This epoxy coating resin is an excellent electrical insulator; it adheres strongly to the metal, is entirely impervious to water over very long periods, and is unaffected by chemicals found in all waters normally in use; it is also highly resistant to abrasion and scouring action. Aquastat Ltd have tested many forms of coating for their pipe units. Araldite, which has been used for the last five years, has proved the most effective and the most economical.

Araldite epoxy resins are used- - for casting high grade solid electrical insulation - for impregnating, potting or sealing electrical windings and components - for producing glass fibre laminates - for producing patterns, models, jigs and tools Ias fillers for sheet metal work Araldite r aJ protective Coatings for metal, Wood and ceramic Arnldirr ira reeirrrrrd node nome surfaces May we welcome you to STAND No. CC 435 at the CIBA (A.R.L.) LIMITED INTERNATIONAL PLASTICS EXHIBITION, Olympia, London. Dwford, Cambridge. Telephone : Sawston 2x21 AP 509

24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE

' chatter away \ I I , about your I I 1 --_1- isopropanol- I \ \ methanol 1 1 I /I ', blend.. . ,I \ J

I know it as 'Imsol' M and I get it from I.C.I."

I.C.I. give prompt delivery of top-quality, top-performance solvents.

'IMSOL' M 'IMSOL' A ISOBUTANOL NORMAL BUTANOL

'AROMASOL' H 'AROMASOL' L ISOPROPANOL ACETONE

for full information, or a visit from a representative, get in touch with the nearest I.C.I. Sales Ofice or with

IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED. LONDONI S.W.1. 1022 CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961

Fire Prevention Standard RECIPROCATING TYPE Recommendations LABORATORY OR BENCH THIS SYSTEM OF STANDARD RECOM- GRANULATOR MENDATIONS for firc prevention was devisd by the Kent County Brigade. NEW & IMPROVED DESIGN FOR GRANULATING DAMP & DRY MATERIALS ' .streamlines paper work in the preparation of QUIET IN OPERATION . . .. . All gearing is enclosed in ojl bath-nogrease nipples or other fire prevention reports'. Municipal Journal external lubrication required. ROBUST & DURABLE ' ...... intelligent standardization of form and Stainless Steel Parts where in contact with the material being granulated. wording makes for more efiicicnt work all round' The guaranteed long life of the mesh is another important feature. T.L.S. EFFICIENT. DEPENDABLE, EASILY CLEANED 8s. 6d. [posrage paid] All parts working on the material being granulated can be easily and quickly dismantled for thorough washing without the use of spanners. Publisl~edby Self Contained Electric Motor Drive Net Weight: 1 Cwrr. Grorr Weight: 31 Cwtr. Overall Height: 1'6". ERNEST BENN LIMITED J. G. JACKSON & CROCKATT, LTD. Bouverie House . ~~cctStreet . London . EC4 NlrSHlLL ROAD, THORNLIEBANK. GLASGOW Tel: GIFfnock 0391 Grornr: "JAKCRO THORNLIEBANK"

REGD. TRADE MARK one of the older materials of the future

VITREOSIL pure fused silica Laboratory Ware is now standard equipment in modern routine and research laboratories, because of its extreme thermal shock resistance, absolute inertness to all acids except hydrofluoric and work- ing temperatures up to 1050°C. Price lists for Laboratory Ware, Tubing and Rod gladly sent on I request. THE THERMAL SYNDICATE LTD. P.O. Box No. 6, WALLSEND, NORTHUMBERLAND Telephone; Wollsend 62-324213 LONDON: 9. BERKELEY STREET, W.1. Telephone: Hyde Pork 171112 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE 1023

NAPHTHALENE U.C.C. phthalic anhydride grade naphthalene is produced by a high efficiencydistillation process. This ensures the maximum recovery from the tar oils and yields a virtually ash-free product.

! CHEMICALS FROM COAL I Plemc wnlr lor /di drrrril~lo:- UNITED COKE AND CHEMICALS COMPANY LIMITED (SALES DEPT. 24) P.O. Box 136, Handsworth, Shetlield I.; Telcphohon~:Wnodhousr (.Fhrfisld) 3211. Telepmms: 'Clrzichrm' .SheJii

The most widely used diatomaceous filter Expanded Perlite base filter aids aids in Europe. MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM Purity -uniformity and offering exceptional economy and high ~erformancewith maximum economy. high efficiency. Samples and. technical information on request. THE BRITISH CECA COMPANY LTD. 175, PICCADILLY, LONDON, W.1. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS ' Telephone : HYDe Parh 5131 DIV'slON Telegram*: ACTICARBON, LONDON. TELEX. Cnblrs : ACTICARBON. LONDON 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE More Union Carbid& Morpholine Do you use morpholine- for the manufacture of rubber chemicals? as a chemical intermediate? in the formulation of self-polishing waxes? in the manufacture of speciality soaps and emulsions? as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler feed water? If you use-or are planning to use-morpholine in any way, make a note that Union Carbide offer supplies of a particularly high quality product. We shall be very happy to arrange for a representative to call and give you fuller information.

'The term UNION CARBIDE is a trade mark of UNION CARBIDE CORiORATION UNION CARBIDE LIMITED . CHEMICALS DIVISION . 8 GRAFTON STREET . LONDON W1 . MAYFAIR 8100 CRC Ul 1) . CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961

Specific gravity 0.860-0.865 Distillation range 145°C- 180°C Flash point minimum 87°F Specifications varied to meet requirements of individual customers Let us send .you o sample ond a quotation

Wh~t'sgoing on? Unless you have your own atomic energy plant, with remote control centres where you want to see what is going on, you may not be very inter- ested in B.D.H. zinc bromide solution. Atomic Energy Authorities, however, are very interested in it, as well as in what they can see through it. They put hundreds of gallons of it in 'windows' in thick concrete walls, and it has to be very clear indeed so that they can see as much as possible through several feet of solution. Unless the zinc bromide is very pure the solution will not be very clear. Atomic Energy Authorities have very exact- ing specifications on purity and clarity.

For the finest of industrial fine chemicals the first choice is B.D.H. n FINE CHEMICALS FOR INDUSTRIAL USE THE BRITISH DRUG HOUSES LTD. POOLE DORSET B.D.H. LABORATORY CHEMICALS DIVISION 1027 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE I

Editor ManOger BOUVERIE HOUSE 154 FLEET STREET LONDON EC4 M. C. HYDE R. C. BENNETT . . Director N. B. LIVINGSTONE WALLACE PATTERNS OF PROGRESS Midland Office Daimler House, Paradise Street, N the past few years the British chemical industry has expanded in Birmingham. [Mid/an(l0784-51 a number of different ways-by the introduction of new self-developed I processes, by the purchase of 'know-how' from other companies, by the setting up of joint ventures, through diversification to secure raw Leeds Office materials or to take a company into end products and by the acquisition Permanent House. The Headrow, of other companies. Leeds I. [Leeds 22601 ] All these expansionist techniques have so complicated the world chemical scene that it is now extremely difficult to get a clear picture of the national chemical industries in different countries. If all these trends had been Scottish Office confined to the individual countries concerned it would not be so had, 116 Hope Street. Glasgow C2. but this has not been so. Know-how, joint ventures, diversifications and [Central 3954-51 acquisitions have all stretched across frontiers so that total investment in any one country is today heavily loaded from outside sources. An internationally sponsored survey into the growth ramifications of the world chemical industry would provide fascinating information hut would be out-of-date long before it was printed so rapidly are developments taking place today. But the paper presented by Mr. F. Aftalion in IN THIS ISSUE New York recently (see p. 1031) performed a useful, if much more limited purpose. It draws attention to these large-scale growth patterns in the Profits From Pharmaceuticals 1028 free-world's chemical industry and the dangers and advantages that accom- Project News: D.C.L. Acetic Acid pany the various methods of expansion. Process for Japan 1029 While there is a logical tendency for really large chemical companies Distillates 1030 to diversify into other and sometimes unrelated fields-fertiliser firms into drugs, intermediate producers into consumer products, electronics com- Chemical Growth Patterns 1031 panies into drugs and heavy chemicals, et~.-Mr. Aftalion sees a danger B.D.H. and US. Link 1032 in this approach. It is obvious that such moves will, if only temporarily, In Parlianient 1032 upset the balance of production and supply and disturb distribution and Rritish Oxygen at Westfield 1033 price trends. It is, however, unlikely that such moves will permanently Activated Sludge Plants 1034 upset the balance, because in the long run the law of supply and demand will operate. Alkali Inspector's Report 1035 The same is true of companies that diversify vertically, either to Developments from Achema 1037 secure raw material supplies or to get into finished products. The advan- Overwas News 1039 tages to a particular company of being able to integrate right throughout New Laporle Acquisitions 1041 a process are great, but such moves are bound to disturb the established People in the News 1042 distribution pattern. There is likely to be widespread agreement with Mr. Aftalion's views Commercial News 1043 that internationally the best and most secure way to progress is through Chemical Prices 1044 the purchase of know-how and joint ventures. Know-how purchase has Trade Notes 1046 opened the gate to new and lucrative pastures for many medium-sized firms New Patents 1048 unable to carry out the necessary research and development on their own Market Reports 1048 behalf-although if carried to the extent now being practised in Japan the system would clearly involve a dangerous dependence. A healthy research programme is vital to any chemical company seeking long-term prosperity. The joint-venture technique in which companies, usually from different ~ndualsubscription is: home, 57s 6d, countries, combine their skill in processing and marketing has been one overseas, 65s, single copies Is 9d (by of the greatest spurs to the European chemical industry. It has proved 2s) post ,-.-.- . .- ... .~~~nrinue&.scu~ge.~I0281 .. . 1028 I CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961

New Virus Research U.K. Drug Firms Must Earn Labs. for Pfizer

INVESII(IAIIONO[ Trachoma, ;I virus Enough to Pay for Vital disease which c:luses blindness in Afric:~ :ind Asia, is one of the important re- sc:~rch projects to he undertaken in the Research, Says Boots Chairman I'lizcr Group's new. specially designed building for rcscarch into virus diseases NY suggestion that great profits can could not hope to justify spending of :I[ Sandwich. Kent. The new building A be derived from supplying drugs to that order solely from sales in the homc extensive laboratory ;tnd anirn:~l accom- the National Health Service was wide market and so they were looking more modation and is designed to preclude of the mark, declared Mr. Willoughby and more to overseas outlets to increase the possibil~ly of infectious organisms R. Norman, in his first annual statement production and help finance that cost. escaping to the outside' ;IS wcll as pre- its chairman of Boots Pure Drug Co. In the past year Boots had marketed a venting :my contamination entering the Ltd. He pointed out that under the new anti-histamine drug, Febramine, building. Board of Trade wholesale price index. which was particularly free from side- The unit c~~nsistsof thrce sections: a pharmaceutical preparations rose 0.94, eflects; two new saluretics, Aprinox and group of I:~horatorics und two groups between 1954 and 1960, while over the Abicol; and Furamide, ;In addition to of animal blocks of four wards each. same six years, all manufactured pro- the range for the treatment of :~moehic ;ill completely separate and designed so ducts rose fourteen times as much, dysentery. that lnovcmcnt of personnel and alr hy 13.1°:,. The great majority of hetween each is controlled. Each itnim:~l countries spent ;I higher proportion of ward nnd I;~bor:~toryhas its own high their national income on pharmaceutic;il British Investment in intensity ultra-violet lock entrance. services than did Britain. Belgian Chemicals Sterile air is supplied to individual rooms In the coming year, total c\timates !>I O~thc$67 nlillio~lforeign investments :~ndtcrnper:iturcs can he :~djustedind~vl- gross N.H.S. expenditure amounted [,, ~lu:llly. more than£800 million;but the cost ef 111ade in Bel&ium last year. ;L total of the pharmaceutical services accounted $9 million came from the U.K., corn- pared with $11 million from Common for $96 ,,,illion, or lessthan one- Obituary eighth of the total, of that Market countries and $46 million from £23 million was paid in prescription companies. Mr. F. E. Salt, manager of the process charges, leavingthe net cost to the British investments include the two evaluation group in the central research Government as f73 miillion. joint subsidiaries set up by Glaxo department of the Distiller\ Co. Ltd.. at Unless British manufacturers could Laboratories Ltd. and Fisons Fertilizers Great Burgh. Epsom, Surrey, died earn enough from drug manufacture to Ltd. with Union Chimique Belge; ;I joint sl~tltlenly on 19 June. support complicated and expensive re- I'ertiliser vcnturc by British Glues and search, the industry would lose its place Chemicals Ltd. with another Belgian in world markets and have to import company; and a joint subsidiary formed those vital products from overseas. New between Foundry Services International and improved drugs and compoundf and Soc. Gencralc des Minerais for the Patterns of Progress were the life-blood of the industry. thermal processing of ores and metals. Pharmaceutical manufacture in the U.S. (Conlinuedfiorii page 1027) was much more profitable than in the --.A. - U.K. and in 1960 was able to support New Balfour Workshop a great stimulus to firms in the Com- :I research budget of £76 million. Henry H:~Ifo~lr:~nd Co. Ltd., Leven. mon Market and clearly will con- Spending in Britain was probably around Fife, are to build a £2S0,000 heavy tinue. probably on an accelerated £5.5 million and it was common know- fabrication shop as the second ftage of scale if only because it helps to ledge that at least five of the biggest the development progrilnlme launched n spread the burden of launching the U.S. companies each spent more on re- year ago by the opening of their £100,000 large-scale enterprises that are essen- search annually than :111 the British laboratory. The new building will he tial in today's world of chemicals. pharmaceutical firms put together. equipped with lifting capacity to 100 Boots spending on re5carch and tons and will have glass curtain walling There is, however, one pattern of development is now running at the rate on thrce sides to give maximum day- growth that is highly dangerous. This of £750.000 a year and is rising. With light af well ;IS facilities fnr extension was referred to by Dr. H. Hoog of present profit margins, thc company as the necessity arises. Royal Dutch/Shell at the recent Society of Chemical Industry meet- ing in The Hague (CHEMICAL AGE. Swiss Trip for Geigy Employees 10 June, p. 929). when he spoke of the desires of some under-developed countries to set up massive petro- chemical industries in areas where no chemical industry exists. Modern chemical operations based on oil as feedstock cannot be economically viable without an existing and thriv- ing chemical industry. Such devel- opments can bring no advantage to Photo shows a party of the country concerned and represent long-service employees of a threat to world chemical markets. the Geigy Co. Ltd. and The latest country to seek its own associate companies in petrochemical industry is the Sheik- the U.K. before leaving dom of Kuwait which has set up the London Airport to spend Kuwait Petrochemical Co. to 'start a long weekend as guests of the parent company in production in 1963 of caustic, chlor- Rasle (see C.A.. 10 June. ine, ammonia, urea, p.v.c., acetylene. p. 933) oxygen and hydrogen. 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE Project News

D.C.L. Acetic Acid Process Licensed to Japanese Firm

THI: process for manufacturing acetic acid by direct oxidation of light oil, tlc- vcloped by the Distillers Company Ltd.. and to bc used hy thcm in a ncw largc- scale plant now tlnder construction at Hull. has been licensed to Ilainippon Kasei Co., a subcidiary of Dainippoll Celluloid Co., of Japan. Mr. T. Kamioka. managing director, and Mr. S. Mizobuchi. director of the Japanese company rc- Quarrying being carried out by the Fullers' Earth Union Ltd. at Nutfield cently visited D.C.L. in the U.K. Priory, near Redhill. Mr. P. I).O'Rrien, chairman oE Laporte, this week The process directly converts readily reveals that this subsidiary has under construction substantial new activating availahlc pctrolcum hydrocarhon lccd- plant employing a new prore*\. It is due For completion next year stock to acetic acid. :lvoiding the isola- tlon of acetylene or cthylcnc. Minor quantities of formic. propionic and sue- cinic acids arc obtained, hut thesc can \tee1 rneltlng furnaces hy six 110-to11 hydrorelining pl;tnt, to bc shown in Mos- he cl~minatedto an extent which mects oxygen lanccd electric arc furnaces. cow next August at the French. Tradc the strict cpccifications demantled hoth The gas cleaning installation for each Fair, on the stand of Speichim, chemical for industrial and cdible needs. The pro- of the two furnztces consists of a direct engineers with whoni Newton Chambers cess arose out of rcsearch programmes fume extraction system, an electric pre- have a reciprocal licence agreement. into the chemistry of the oxidzition of cipitator and a common water treatment Newton Chambers have world rights for hydrocarbons carried out at the D.C.L. plant. Completion of the first installn- fhc manufacture of plant to operate n Research and Development Dcp:trtment. t~onis qcheduled for 1 October 1962 and process of hydrorefining crude henzole. the second for 1 February 1963. naphthas and other hydrocarbon oils Permutit Polymer Plant resulting from research in which Newton Nears Completion Holland Orders €3,000 Chambers co-operated with the Coal Tar Research Association. THE new duplicate plant heing set of U.K. Glassware r~pby the Permntit Co. Ltd. in South @ ~RDEREDjust hcforc the Achcnia cx- B.P. Raise Capacities at Wales to produce the polymer emulsions lh~h~t~onopened on 9 Junc ancl all Continental Refineries of the U.R.S. Division of A. E. Staley delivered to Holland hefore the exhihi- Mantlfacturing Co.. Decatur, Ill., is near- tion closed on 17 Junc-this was the Two new plants at B.P. Group re- ing completion and is due on stream this \tory of £3.000 worth of standard glass l~neries in France and Germany have summer. The first plant went into pro- chemical plant and pipcline ordercd from rcccntly been commissioned. At the duction in the autumn of 1960. Q.V.F. Ltd., Stoke-on-Trent, the order Dunkirk Refinery of B.P.'s French asso- heing hooked hy their agent in the Low ciates, Snc. Francaise des Petroles B.P., Water Treatment Plant for Countries for distribution to a numbcr throughout capacity has been raised from of companies in Holland. This quick- 2,300,000 to 2.900.000 tons a year on lran Drug Factory delivery rccord makes a rcfrcshing mixed Middle EastlSaharan crude oil. CONTRACTfnr water dcmineralisstion change from compl;~ints of retarded This cxpansion has been achieved by the plant for a factory mnnufacturing delivery by British companies. adaptation of existing equipment. pharmaceutic:tl products in lran has becn Q.V.F. Ltd.. some 40°!, of whosc out- In Germany at the Ncuhof lubricants placed with William Roby and Co., Rick- put now goes to export. reportcd out- refinery near Hamburg of R.P.'s asso- mansworth. He1.19.. through Allen and rtanding success at the Achema. ciatc. Oelwerke Julius Schindler Hanbury's. GmbH. a new Edeleanu dewaxing unit Hydrorefining Plant for has been commi~sioned. This plant, Compounding Extension Show in Moscow which has a nominal capacity of 2,000 for W. Bush h.p.s.d., substantially increases Schind- J. Illustrated is ;I rnoclcl of ;I Newtor, ler's potential for producing high vis- @ A NEW tivc-storey huilding to ho~lsc ('hamhers and Co. Ltd. dcsign for a cosity index lubricants. the essence compounding department of W. J. Rush and Co. Ltd., of the Alhright and Wilson Group, ir now undcr con- struction at thcir Hackney works. Gas Cleaning Plant for Steel Furnaces GAS cleaning plant for the first two of the six new cteel melting furnaces to he installed at the Templeborough Works of Steel Peech and Tozer (Branch of the United Steel Companies Ltd.) has been' ordercd from the Gas Cleaning Division of W. C. Holmes and Co. Ltd., as a part of :I f10 m. schcrnc for thc replacement (if all existing open hearth CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961

Standard Oil's 1960 profits ($588.5 mil- lion) without mentioning that this repre- sented only 6% of world-wide invest- ments now totalling more than 511.500 million, or that last ycar their invest- ments totalled $720 mlllion in plant and cquipmcnt and $200 million in thc search for petroleum. The same issue of the Perrrviorz Tirrles cnl-ries an intcrestinc :tdvertisement on the developmcnt of the new protein CLEARLYthe next few years will be (small rocket lift device) and flew 380 tt. (FP 605SPronit) by C:tpri S.A.. Madrid. critical so far as the profitability of at a speed of about 20 m.p.h. in conjunction with Soc. Pronit S.A., *Br~tish chemical producers is concerned. A twist of the throttle, a turn of a Lisbon. Comergeral Pcruana, their Lima lever and Graham leapt from the ground, Qui:e apart from rising costs and tem- agcnts, allcge lhal Peruvian fichmeal porary difficulties in U.K. consumer in- his own personal rocket belt strapped to interests. as well ;IS some Europcan com- his back. He hovered, flew over a 30 tt: dustries, the big squeeze on profits will panics, have statcd that the new protein come from mounting competition from high hill and made a 3-point landing on two feet. His support was a twin-nozzle did not exist and that it represented an producers in Europe. the US, and Japan. attcmpt to kccp down prices of fishmeal. This will be particularly true of the thrust of hydrogen peroxide which when forced into a gas generator, where it But tig claims are made for the new newer heavy organic chemicals and plas- protein and tests arc to be made in tics, products in which Britain nas meets a catalyst. is decomposed into steam. Discharged through two nozzles Pcru to substantiate these. On compls- enjoyed a good export trade. Rising capa- tion of these experiments, attempts will cities throughout the world, giving big directed toward the ground this provides the necessary thrust. tc made to rcach agreement with pro- surpluses in many cases. will accelerate ducers of animal proteins throughout the the price cutting process. Bell, who have held a development contract for the U.S. Army Transporta- world bcfore placing FP 605 on the Vital factors in the coming struggle market. for markets were recently summari-ed by tion Research Command since last Mr. L. H. Williams, a deputy chairman summer, have been dabbling in man- of I.C.1. To keep the ini'iative, quality. rocket research since 1954. The current device is strictly a feasibility model and I IIEAR from Richard Klingcr Ltd. must be maintained and costs reduced. of thcir dcvclopment of a very fine So more than ever before rerearch will was aimed at proving the concept and not at attaining maximum performance. *monofilament of p.1.f.e. of only 0.007 in. he the key to success; research to di:~nieter which can te woven or knitted improve existing processes and research It seems that trafic-iammed readers who would like to emulate this space age into :I mesh. Until reccntly the smallest to find new, more economic, processes, diamcter rod of p.t.f.e. gcncrally avail- as well as new products. lcarus have only to secure a supply of hydrogen peroxide-and I am wrc able n1e:tsurcd about 0 050 in. Laoorte Industries would be only too This new deve'opment in plastics pleased to oblige. mcans that p.t.f.e.-one of the most IT is a constant surprise to me to chemically rcsis1;tnt materials known to find readers who do not see man and unnffccted bv temperatures CIII:.MICAL* AGE until two, three, four or from absolute zcro to 300"C:can be even more weeks after publication. This WITH a dircct air oxidation process used to rcnlacc mctal in filters, dcmisters, is because they work in firms or organi- that accounts for ncarly 700 mil- scnarators and similar items ol equip- sations where journals are circu!ated lion* Ib./year or about one-third of the ment. int-rn3lly. often taking months to com- world's ethylene oxide cap~city,Scientific Several companies likely to te inter- plete the full circuit. This system is all Design Co., New york, will bc coming estcd in p.t.f.e. filament hove teen asked very well for the wciphtier monthly or up with new chemical processes in the for thcir opinions of this newly developed quarterly technical reviews, tut is quite next few months. S.D. also claim some material. As a result there is already a inappropriate to a weekly newspaper like two-thirds of the world's malcic anhy- heavy demand for it althou~hKlinger's CHEMICALAGE. It is like having Thc dride-or 250 million Ih./year. havc yet to go into full production. Titnes or Finn~~ci(rlTimw come through Recently introduced new processes your letter box a fortnight late. have teen for adipic acid by air oxida- tion of cyclohexane; a combined Good- The staff of CHEMICALAGE make ATOMIC war has teen waged on year-S.D. route to isoprene from low- every effort to ensure that each issue is death-watch beetles in the Ento- packed with the latest ncws of technical. cost propy!enc; and the A.F.G.O. poly- *mology Section of the Forest Products thene process. economic and commercial happenings in Rcscarch Laboratory. D.S.I.R. According New technology on the way from this the chemical and allied industries. No to ' Forest Products Rcscarch 1960 ' exccutive who wants to keep abreast of company includes phenol, cyclohex:~- (H.M.S.O. 5s) hlocks of oak sapwood his field can afford to miss this informa- nonc, cyc!ohex:~nol, caprolactam from containing active larvae were given tion, or see it too late. He should there- cyclohcxane, epichlorohydrin, new iso- dosages of gamma radiation varying fore oppose v,igorously the arch3ic merisation and crystallisation techniques from 4.000 to 8.000 roentgens. system which makes no discrimination for the production of o-xylcne, p-xylene It was reported that the stronger tetween ordinary scientific and technical and ethylbenzene from mixed xylcnes. dosages (6.000 roentgens upward$) literature and vital urgent news, and vinyl acetate and styrenc. appeared to be fatal as no beetles should insist on having his own personal emerged from the treated blocks. (Wou!d copy of the journal on his desk, in :my beetle with any sense?) 'mint' condition, on the day it is pub- STANDARDOIL of New Jersey have Some beetles survived the 4.000 roent- lished. been having their troubles recently gen treatment and subsequently. emerged *what with the break-up of Stanvac and and laid eeas, hut only a few of the eggs more recently the winding-up of Stonnic. hatched. What happcncd to thece new- born beetles ic not reported-presumably Ir~ausand hydrogen peroxide seem the company they owned jointly with they 'beetled off' as kist as they could. .. strange- bedfellows, but if this ANIC. On a somewhat different scale, *character of Greek mythology had Standard Oil N.J. have declared war on ' livcd' in this age of chemical tech- a South American newspaper El Corn- nology he would have survived his ercio. A recent two-page spread taken in legendary attempt to fly with the birds. the competitive Perlrvifln Times is headed Modern counterpart of Icarus, but no 'The Profits of Standard Oil Co. (New myth, Harold Graham of Bell Aero- Jersey)'. systems last week donned his S.R.L.D. It seems that El Cor~lcrcio attacked 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE I 1031 Growth by Integration Upsets Pattern of Chemical Markets, Says Aftalion

peting with existing producers of plastics Joint Ventures are 'Best Bet' and organic intermediates instead of offering hydrocarbon raw materials such as ethvlene., ,..< aroavlene. , benzene.-. toluene and xylene. In turn, some big chemical HE part played by the purchase Most of the recently formed com- firms, threatened by such inroads or of know-how, joint ventures, and panies in the French plas:ics industry unwilling to tie themselves to a single Tvcrtical and horizontal in:egration, have this type of structure. For p.v.c. supplier, have secured sources of raw in the growth of the world's chemical there is Solvic (Solvay-I.C.I.); for poly- materials which they could have gone industry and its concentration in larger styrene, Monsanto-Boussois and Plasti- on buying from oil companies under units, were the subject of a paper given chimie (Dow-Pechiney); for pnlythene, long-term contracts. Thus, Monsanto recently by Mr. F. Aftalion, generdl Ethylene Plastiques, Soc. Normandie de purchased Lion Oil, Grace have linked manager, Soc. Fran~aise d'Organo- Polyethylene, Naphtachimie, Petro- with Cosden and I.C.I. at Wilton and Synthkre, Paris, at a meeting of the plastique (Ste El Paso Natural Gas- Montecatini at Ferrara, and others, have American Section, the Socikt6 de Chimie C.F.R.). their own cracking units. Industriclle. Mr. Aftalion's paper was The very existence of the joint- In finer chemicals, suppliers of entitled 'Problems of dimension and venture system, only possible under growth in the chemical industry.' pharmaceutical intermediates have moved flexible anti-trust legislation, makes itvery into ethicals, thus forcing their cus- Mr. Aftillion thought there were difficult to analyse the structure of the tomers, the pharmaceutical laboratories, dangers in expansion by diversifying chemical industry in France and other into the synthesis of elaborate chemi- either horizontally or vertic;illy and that European countries. But it offers foreign cals in bulk. In another field, some pro- the best future lay in the further companies a ready means of getting into ducers of plastics raw materials are try- development of co-operation and joint business locally with partners who can ing to secure an outlet for their pro- venturcs. better solve common administrative ducts by purchasing plastics fabricators- The possibility of buying know-how difficulties and who have a thorough Distillers' bid for British Xylonite, or and even complete package plants from knowledge of the national market. Reichhold's acquisition of Alsynite, are indepcndcnt cngincering companies gave examples. medium-sized chemical firms the chance Situation in U.S. of starting production of such important Synthetic Fibres chemicals as ethylene oxide, phthalic This technique has not been widely or maleic anhydride, p.v.c. and poly- favoured in the US., being used only In synthetic fibres, Allied Chemical thene. without having to maintain highly when necessary for technical or and B.A.S.F. still restrict themselves to developed rcscarch and engineering other specific reasons. Instances quoted selling polyamides to filament producers; departments. An alternative was the set- were Dow-Badische (Reppe chemistry), others like Du Pont, Monsanto through ting up of ventures with companies Mobay, a link between Monsanto and Chemstrand, Bayer, and Rhone-Poulenc owning procesces and patents. A great Bayer (polyurethane and polycarbonate through Rhodiaceta, have long offered many of Europe's post-war chemical resins), Fiber Industries (1.C.I.-Celanese yarn and filament to the textile trade. developments have in fact been based of America) for polyester fibres, and Some chemical producers go much on this combination of know-how pur- I.C.1.-Cyanamid for methylmethacrylate. further, reaching the final consumer, as chases and ioint venturcs. Other cases were exceptional, as that exemplified by Carbide offering glycol of Jefferson and Petro-Tex, while the in carloads and glycol anti-freeze in Joint Participation Chemstrand joint venture had ended by cans, by Du Pont selling pigments, Monsanto purchasing the 50% partici- vehicles and paints and more recently Joint participation has enabled the pation of American Viscose. Often pro- by Dow who have set up a consumer respective associates to benefit from one posed associations would be opposed by department to market Oheir polymeric another's experience. For example, the Department of Justice, as witnessed films. On the other hand, the large petrochemicals growth has been due in recently by Penn-Olin in the field of publicity budgets required have led most cases to oil companies like Shell chlorates. chemical firms away from the consumer and B.P. joining forces with chemical Another path to growth lay through field and Monsanto a few years ago companies such as Saint Gobain, Dis- vertical integration backward and for- sold their packaged detergent operations tillers. Bayer and B.A.S.F. Certain new ward, or by horizontal integration, to Lever Brothers. dcvelopnients which otherwise would through diversification in new fields of Many inroads by chemical suppliers have been too heavy for a single com- activity or through purchases of com- into their customers' fields of interest pany, have been undertaken co-opera- peti!ive companies. This trend could be are aided by their technical service tively, as is the case for the synthetic limited by anti-trust laws or by decartel- laboratories, particularly when expected rubber plants recently erected in France lisation. The existence of Hercules Powder sales volumes are not attained. (Socabu, Elastomkres de SynthEse) and and Atlas Powder was due to the breaking Frequently, the problems of how far in Germany (Huls, B.A.S.F., Hoechst down before World War I of the DuPont to integrate vertically is a difficult one and Bayer at Marl). explosives monopoly. After the more for management to solve. For instance, This procedure enables medium-sized recent war, decartellisation broke up should a basic producer of ethylene companies to take part in several new 1.G. Farben and the Japanese Zaibatsu oxide, of acrylic monomers or of cresol, projects while spreading the risks in- (Mitsui, Mi!subishi and Sumitomo). To- confine himself to the sale of those volved. Thus Progil are associa'ed in day. however, such decentralisation chemicals to manufacturers of deriva- France with Ugine in a big cumene- moves are exceptional, many of the tives? Or instead should they make them phenol project under Distillers and modern chemical giants-Hercules, in competition with established pro- Her ules liccnce; with Bayer and Ugine I.C.I.. Olin. and F.M.C.-being the result ducers in tie new isocyanate unit now being of a policy of mergers and acquisitions. Even in custom chemicals, important built near Grenoble; and with Orpnite. Voticnl Integmrion. Many oil com- producers, like Koppers and Cyanamid, throuxh Orogil, for the+ manufacture of panies, particularly in the U.S., are have been moving in offering to work alkylphenols. getting deeper into chemicals and com- on a custom basis, an activity that is CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961 very different from their normal large- He thought that while lower tariffs and In Parliament scale operations. greater measure of free trade would Horizontal Integration. The prosperous make small and inefficient companies pars from the end of the war until extremely vulnerable, the method of Lords Debate Use of recently have tempted many chemical speedy growth through vertical or hori- Chemicals in Food managements into using their profits for zontal integration could well have Arguments for and against further diversification in other fields. In France, adverse effects on the chemical industry measures to protect consumers against Saint-Gobain, specialists in glass and in- as a whole. the contamination of foodstuffs by organics, Pechiney and Ugine, skilled in In trying to secure their own raw chemicals were heard in the House of aluminium, have launched big pro- materials or in their search for ready and Lords when Lord Douglas of Barloch programmes for organics. The high profitable outlets for their existing pro- painted what another peer described as returns of the pharmaceutical world have ducts, many companies were dangeroucly an extremely gloomy and frightening tempted Olin Mathieson (Squibb), Dow altering the pattern of normal relations piclure of the situation. Lord Douglac (Allied Labs.), Atlas (Stuart Co.) and between customers and suppliers. In claimed that many more chemicals had even Colgate (Lakeside). In the U.K.. addition, the entry through diversifica- been brought into use without adequate Fisons, previously concerned with ferti- tion in fields of firms which had knowledge of their effects, and that lisers, are trying to get deep into pharma- no tradition very often went against the chemicals previously thought harmless ceuticals; while in the same country. very aim of greater efficiency which had proved to be dangerous. He urgrd Courtaulds, basically textile producers. initiated the move to diversify. that the use of synthetic chemicals be have through Celanese taken an active Mr. Aftalion declared "If we want to banned completely with the possible interest in chemicals. avoid the degeneration of freedom into exception of some substances that after The Dutch Philips electronics group. anarchy or State intervention, and that long use seemed to be beyond suspicion. are diversifying in many European increased competition becomes synony- Also, all foods should he labelled to countries and making vitamins and mous of ever decreasing profits, it might show the additives included. pharmaceuticals, either alone or through be desirable-in the limits tolerated oy Both Lord Amherst of Hackney and subsidiaries or joint ventures (in France our respective laws-to establish a Lord Hastings pointed out that Lord with Quinoleine and Clin-Byla). greater degree of self-discipline and of Douglas's picture of the situation Wac co-operation between chemical firms nf Mr. Aftalion asked whether one unduly pessimistic; the health of the different sizes and nationalities." people had improved enormously sincc management could usefully apply its The method of joint-ventures adopted. skills in fields so widely different as tex- the war, pointing to a far higher nutri- particularly in France, for new chemical tional standard. Lord Hastings said it tiles, chemicals, soaps, electronics, explo- developments offered a good way of pro- should be remembered, when talking rf tives, etc. It was not certain that the moting a closer co-operation between the use of preservatives and synthetic absorption of a pharmaceutical labora- partners in the chemical industry and it additives, that the human body had excel- tory was a wise move for companies who was to be hoped that many U.S. firms lent mechanisms for disposing of sub- by tradition were exclusively concerned would find it attractive for future growth stances for which it could find no use. with bulk chemicals. in Europe or elsewhere. Continental Fertiliser Prices During discussion on the Draft Ferti- B.D.H. Shareholders Seek Meeting liser (U.K.) Scheme. 1961. which was approved, Earl Waldegrave, Parliamen- tary Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, After News of Proposed U.S. Link told the House of Lords on Monday that the low price sometimes quoted for some GROUP of shareholders of British Fisons, while towards the end of the year B.D.H. reached the preliminary Continental fertilisers should be treated A Drug Houses Ltd. is canvassing sup- with reserve. These prices were often port for an extraordinary meeting to dis- stages of exploring the possibility of a merger with another company, but this quoted only for export sales and were cuss the board's current negotiations with considerably lower than the domestic a U.S. group. Aim of the protest is to did not develop any further (C.A.. 29 October 1960, p. 709). selling price; in many cases they did not consider any recent offers that might have represent the cost of production. been made for B.D.H. shares and to seek B.D.H. are at present engaged in a news of the oral contraceptive, about comprehensive development programme which the board have expressed high at Poole, and have also formed a new Protein Extract from hopes, and which was the grounds for subsidiary company in the Republic of the rejection of the bid by Fisons. Two Ireland, B.D.H. (Ireland) Ltd.. where a Green Fodder months ago, B.D.H. maintained their factory is being built. PREPARATIONon a pilot plant scale of dividend on reduced profits. protein extract from green fodder was A closer tie-up with Mead Johnson inspected by some 80 mcmbers and guests and Co. of Evansville, Indiana-one of of the London Section, Royal Institute of the leading pharmaceutical manufac- Slow Acceptance of Chemistry, when they recently visited the torers in the U.S.-is sought by British Rothamsted Experimental Station at Drue Houses Ltd., who are currentlv en- Electrodial~sis Harpenden. Members also visited the gage: in discussions with the ~meiican various laboratories and experimental firm "with the object of extending and ELECTRODIALYSTShas been a disappoint- plots. makine closer the relationshim which ment to date, in relation to the money ~-- ~ Recent visits have also been made by have existed- between the two firms since spent during the last few years. declared the London Section to the Radio Chemi- 1957, covering collaboration in the field Mr. R. T. Pemberton, chairman and cal Centre. Amersham, where in the new of research and the cross-licensing of managing director of the Permutit Co. organic laboratories, members saw the each other's products". Ltd. in his annual statement. wide range of compounds containing These.. discussions mav lead to Mead He added, "As well as our own con- carbon-14 and tritium. and to the Mill Johnson taking a financial interest, which s~derablecontribution to this develop- Hill laboratories of the National Institute could include a minority equity holding, ment, we have co-operated with the for Medical Research. Here accounts were in B.D.H., but according to B.D.H. leaders in this field in the U.S., Europe. heard of advances in the chemotherapy "there is no intention on either side that South Africa and .in other parts of the of malaria and the isolntion and action any such financial interest should involve world and shall continue to do so". of ' queen bee ' substance; demonstra- the making of a take-over bid for B.D.H. Acceptance of the process, however. tions were given of automatic counter- or affect its continued independent had been slower than they would have current distribution techniques. ion ex- existence". wished and immediate prospects of a change chromatography of amino acids. It will be recalled that last year B.D.H. wide development for the technique had and extension of gas chromatography in rejected a share and cash offer from not come up to expectations. the study of fatty acid biosynthesis. 1033 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE I TONNAGE OXYGEN F0.R LURGI GASIFIERS Novel Features of S.G.B.'s Oxygen Plants at Westfield

EGINNING of a new era in tow's B gas production in the U.K. is seen in the Scott~shGas Board's Lurgi plant for oxygen-steam gasification of coal at Westfield, Fife, of which a general des- cription was given in CHEMICALAGE. ~h~ two tonnage oxygen 3 June, p. 893. The plant is due to be plants at westfield. officially opened by the Queen on 27 plant ran be June. Unique features of the Westfield the air separation "nit operation include the two tonnage oxygen (left), regenerator plants, each with an equivalent capacity direct (right) of 100 tonslday of pure oxygen (actual output 233.000 cu. ft./hr. of 951" pure oxygen). These were designed, built and installed by The British Oxygen Co. Ltd. for--~ Humohrevs . , and Glasaow Ltd. (the main contractors) to the'order of the Scottish Gas Board. nitrogen. which would he introduced if 72 p.s.i.g.). Thc remainder is cooled Design of the oxygen plants is geared air were used. almost to dew point and cxpanded to two essential requirements: Oxygen is obtained from atmospheric through a valve to the sanx preswre. (I) Constant and reliable output to air in a production process which con- About 30% of the total air is produced meet the Gas Board's obvious duty to sists basically of cooling the air, liquefy- as liquid. maintain an unbroken supply of town's ing it, and distilling the liquid air to The combined alr streams (liquid and gas. separate the oxygen and nitrogen. Air is vapour) enter thc dist~llation column (2) Flexibility of output to meet differ- first filtered to remove dust. then com- which consists of two columns, one pressed in a turbo compressor to about ing town's gas demand, as between above the other. connected by a con- 75 p.s.i.g. The heat of compression is winter and summer. denser. In the lower part of this column removed by cooling the compresscd air an oxygen-rich liquid collccts at the base. A stand-by tank of liquid oxygen directly with water. The liquid stream is passed through a ensures continuity of supply. regardless The cooled air is divided into two filter-silica gel purifier system to remove streams. the smaller of which is further residual impurities as well as traces of compressed to about 2,000 p.s.i.g. and acetylene; it then passes through a suh- purified from moisture and carbon di- cooler before entering the upper column By J. A. LOW, oxide. The larger stream is cooled nearly as feed. M.Sc., A.M.I. Chem. E. to liquefaction in either one of a pair The lowcr cnlurnn operatcs at pressure of special-type exchangers (regenerators) (The British Oxygen Co. Ltd.) of about 70 p.s.i.g. and carries a con- packed with stones, which are periodic- denser. In this. nitrogen at lower column ally cooled by outgoing nitrogen. As this pressure is condensed by liquid oxygen cooling takes place, moisture and carbon boiling in the sump of the upper column. dioxidc are frozen out on the packing The liquid nitrogen serves as reflux for of plant breakdowns unless these are of and revolatilised when outgoing product a most exceptional nature, while flexibi- the top of both columns. that for the nitrogen returns through the regenerator. upper column being passed through the lity is ensured by having two plants The high pressure air stream is also and by being able to reduce output to subcooler before expansion into the cooled in a separate system of heat upper column. about 70:; of normal. exchangers, partly by the outgoing oxygen The nitrogen fraction is withdrawn The role of oxygen in the Lurgi pro- which has been pumped from the dis- from the top of the uppcr column and cess is simple, but vital. If coal is reacted tillation column as liquid and is thereby is passcd through the subcoolers before with steam at sufficiently high tempera- vaporised under pressure and warmcd to leaving thc air separation plant through ture it can be completely converted to atmospheric temperature. and partly by some of the nitrogen which is similarly the regenerators and heat exchanger gas, apart from the residual ash. How- system. ever, the process requires heat to be warmed up. A portion of the high pres- supplied continuously-and here lies the sure air is withdrawn at ahol~t-20°C The liquid oxygen is delivered under importance of oxygen. When part of the and expanded through an expansion pressure by ;I pump to the heat exchanger coal is burnt in oxygen, the necessary engine to the same pressure as the in which, through cooling by high pres- heat is provided without dilution with remaining low pressure air (i.e. about sure air, it is evaporated under pressure (425 p.s.i.g.) and warmcd to atmospheric temperature. The nitrogen is also warmed up as it leaves the plztnt. partly hv cool- ing some of the high presyurc air and partly by cooling the packing in one or other of the regenerators, which serve to cool the bulk of the incoming low pressurc air. The compresscd gaseous oxygen pas\es. together with steam. to the Lurgi gasifiers in which the primary gasification occurs. Since oxygen boils at approximately -183'C and nitrogen at about -194°C. hide the oxygen plant huilding: air coolpressors, e\p;~nsion engine and instrument and control panel considerable problems have had to be 1034 I CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961 overcome in the design, fabrication and required for the Lurgi gasifier (425 Dow insecticide maintenance of tonnage plant equipment, p.s.i.g.). The plants are also designed to such as heat exchangers and distillation produce up to 1076 of their rated output Checks Fly-spread columns to withstand the low tempera- as liquid oxygen, which is stored in a Disease in Dairy Cows tures involved and the stresses which 550-ton capacity insulated tank as a ANKOR, new insecticide made by occur during cooling. The whole plant, readily available reserve to cover peak Dow Agrochemicals Ltd., King's apart from the compressors and their periods or periods of down time for Lynn, Norfolk, has been found to give motors and starters and the control valves maintenance and other purposes, since control of flies and other insect parasites and instruments, is designed for outdoor it can be vaporised under pressure in that plague dairy animals. Dr. W. E. erection. The cold parts are constructed suitable steam-heated heat exchangers. Ripper, managing director, states that in package units for ease in field erection The by-product nitrogen is used partly cxtcnsive tcsts h:we shown that when and are contained in well-insulated shells, for purging other parts of the gasifica- Nankor is applied to milking cows t*y or ' cold boxes '. tion plant, and partly for diluting the means of a back rubber, no residue is A special feature of the Westfield ton- discovered nor is there any trace of taint nage plants is that the gaseous oxygen final town's gas to give the correct calorific value and density. in milk or fat. is produced directly at the pressure As a result, the Minintry of Agricul- ture has approved Dow's recommenda- tions for the use of the product by dairy farmers-the fir.it time in the world that after thorough scientific research a resi- Activated Sludge Plant Developments dual wide spectrum insecticide has obtained such official approval. Discussed at Sewage Conference Nankor, introduced into Britain late last summer. is an organo-phosphorus ROGRESS in the development of to assess the scope for further develop- compound, the formulation being 0,O P act~vated sludge plants for sewage ment of the process. dimethyl 0-2, 4.5-trichlorophenyl phos- ~urificationoperations is reported at the The conference also included delivery phorothioate. This is chemically identical Diamond Jubilee Conference of the In- of the 6th J.B. Croll Memorial Lecture with Etrolene. Dow's sydematic warble stitute of Sewage Purification (Brighton, by Prof. F. H. Garner, O.B.E. (Uni- Ry drug. 20-23 June) by A. L. Downing, A. G. versity of Birmingham) on 'The chemi- Tests were carried out over a four- Boon and R. W. Bayley of the Water cal engineer and purification of polluted week period on four groups of cows. Pollution Laboratory. Dealing first with water '. Two independent methods of analysis the performance of aeration systems, the In his presidential address, Mr. M. wcre used. One was developed in the authors observe that most of the aerators Lovett. O.B.E. (Chief Inspector, York- U.K.. by Mr. D. J. Webley at the used in activated sludge plants have shire Ouse River Board) submitted that lahoratory of the Government Chemist: aeration efficiencies under typical operat- the Institute's interests would, in the the other was adopted from a U.S. ing conditions at sewage works of 1,000- future, be vitally concerned in the con- method by Professor A. N. Worden at 2.000 g./kwh. While higher values have cept of water conservation by reclama- the Nutritional Research Unit, Hunting- been reported from some new types of tion of used water. Such reclamation don. Both Mr. Wehley and Professor brush and aeration cones there seems called for pollution control, and for Wordcn found the same result-a nil little prospect of achieving efficiencies efficient treatment of sewage and trade residuc in both the milk and fatty tissues much greater than about 3,500 g./kwh. effluents, which in turn demanded skilled of ncwly slaughtered animals. There wac with any existing process. design. construction and management of also no taint in the milk. The orovidine of ~lantswith oxveena- treatment olants. tion capacities at rates up to 10.ir 20 Soak-tank Coated with times those common in Britain seems to Scientific Research in present no difficulty, hut it is not yet British Universities Araldite Epoxy Resin possible to assess how far detention Latest edition of ' Scientific Research in periods might be reduced without ad- British Universities'-that for 1960-61- versely affecting effluent quality. From is now available from H.M. Stationery preliminary work at sewage works it is Office. price fl 12s 6d net. Published by concluded that nitrification of ammonia the Department of Scientific and Indus- does not take place until the conceotra- trial Research. this is the only puhlica- tion of dissolved oxygen in the mixed tion of its kind in the U.K. liquor exceeds values of the order of 0.5- It provide? brief notes on scientific 0.7 p.p.m. Thereafter the conversion rate research in British universities, univer- is approximately constant at, where dis- sity colleges and associated institutions. solved oxygen concentration is above the Nature of the proiects is described in critical level, about 0.5 p.p.m./hr. per sufficient detail to indicate the scope of 1,000 p.p.m. activated sludge in the mixed the research done by the various science liquor. departments and individual teams of Rates of removal of five-day B.O.D. investigators. from the liquid phase, during aeration of mixed liquor, were initially very high but decreased rapidly, and after about half U.S. Chemical Guide to This large ground-wood soak tank at the an hour were equal only to about 1-3% Canada and S. America Reed Paper Group works, Aylesford, of the initial B.O.D. in the sewage per A new guide to the chemical industry Kent, has been given a protective coating hour. Rates of consumption of dissolved of Canada and Latin America--entitled based on Araldite epoxy resins. The oxygen in the mixed liquor appeared to ' Chem-Petro Guide '-has been pub- original method of fixing the tank lining, be substantially independent of the con- lished by Noyes Development Corpora- which consisted of white tiles, did not centration of dissolved oxygen down to tion, 38 East 57th Street, New York 22, stand up to the constant flow of wood about 0.5 p.p.m. and were of a similar price $12 post paid. The book describes pulp. To keep dust and particles of rust order at each works, the total range the 500 leading chemical and petroleum or cement out of the process, a smooth being from 33 to 67 p.p.m./hr. firms in the two areas, indicates the and hard-wearing coating was needed These preliminary studies have shown names and addresses of associated com- that required little maintenance and that much more work will be required to panies and shows the various subsidiaries which would prevent pulp particlesJrom determine quantitatively the effects of the of U.S. and European companies. Pro- adhering to the walls and decaying. The . many factors which influence the per- duct ranges of the companies listed are Amldite-based coating was applied by formance of activated-sludge plants and included. E. E. Cheeseman and Son Ltd. 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE Alkali Ins~ector's Re~ort Mist Emission from Acid Plants May Have to be Dealt With at Design Stage

WO pointcrs to futurc policy so The make of ncid in England and is now one of smoke elimination, the Par ;IS regi~lating emission ol sul- Walcs. calculated as monohydrate, was remedy being the use of mechanical T phuric acid mist in waste gases is 1.475.000 tons in 1960, compared with stokers. At the end of 1960, of the 80 concerned are contained in the 97th 2.213.000 tons in 1959 and 821,000 in open pans under inspection, 67 were annual report of the Chief Inspector of 1938. Trade uses in 1960, in tons of fitted with mechanical stokers. Alkali. &c. Works. 1960 (H.M.S.O.. 4s). monohydratc. were: Carhon Disulphi~le. An accident The Chief Inspector for England and occurred at one works, whcre experi- Walcs. Dr. J. S. Carter, C.B.E.. states Tonr mental retorts were undergoing trials, Bromine from reswrter ..... 23.000 that if production is via the anhydrite Dyerruffs & intermediates ... 86.000 resulting in the escape of hydrogen sul- route. mist form:~tion seems almost in- Hydrochloric acid ...... 52.000 phide and the deaths of two operatives. Hydrofluor~cacid ...... 15.000 evitable and "we shall ask that means 081 relining & petroleum productr 68.000 Plant design has been studied and modi- be taken to dcal with it at the design Rayon & transparent paper ... 267.000 fications to prevent a recurrence are Sul~hateof ammonia ...... 276.000 stage. If production is to be via brim- ~uperphorphare& orher phorphactc fer- under review. stone, therc may or may not be a mist rtl~rers ...... 474.000 Tar & benrole ...... 23.000 problem and we shall ask that space be Titanium oxide ...... 468.000 Sulphuric Acid-Tons (100%) left for the intercalation of mist arrest- Enpland ~ndWales 1960 1959 ment plant should such bc found to be In raw material consumption, usage of Tonr Tonr necessary". anhydr.itc rosc from 100,000 tons of Production ...... 2.4?:.000 2.21j.OW A new note for thc annual report is monohydrate in 194h to 475,000 tons in percentage of plant in use ... 8d:4 $21 that somc of the older processes are the 1960: spent oxide from 233.000 tons to Percentage made by: Chamber & Tower ... 14.1 14.4 subjcct of historical and technical 318.000 tons; recovered sulphur from Contact ...... 85.9 85.6 reviews. This ycar. alkali, cement and 3.000 tons to 123.000 tons. and hydrogen Raw materials used: Tons Tans Pyre ...... 295.000 288.000 tar are trcatcd in this way; there is also sulphide from 7.000 tons to 19.000 tons. Sulphur ...... 397.000 330.000 a rcview of alkali wastc tips. Ncxt year, Spent oxide ...... 198.000 192.000 Alkuli Works. There are now I1 works Anhydrire ...... 760.000 748.000 phosphatic fcrtiliscrs and chlorine works rcgistcred for the ' saltcake ' process, two Scotland Tonr Tons will bc revicwcd morc fully. of which have not operated. In the great Production ...... 169~000 164:000 In the I9h0 lirted infraction5 were days of the Leblanc route, about 1880, Percenrrae of ~lantin use ... 78:4 750.7 confined to pre-1958 processes and were: thcrc wcrc more than 100 works pro- Percentage mdde by: alkali I. sulphuric acid (chamber) I and cessing some 650.000 tons of salt a year. Chamber & Tower 28.8 31.5 Contact ...... 71.2 68.5 (contact) 8. chemical manure I. nitric New tcchniqucs for the production of Raw materials ured: Tonr Tonr acid 1. muriatic acid I. hydrofluoric soda and hydrochloric acid have seen a Pyrites ...... 47.000 22.000 Sulphur ...... 32.000 43.000 acid I. In all cases rcniedics wcrc applied fall in thc consumption of salt. Salt con- Spenr oxide ... 8.000 7.000 and there was no need to institute pro- sumption was: 1929, 83.000 tons; 1938. ceedings. 52.900 tons: 1946, 60,000 tons; 1958, Ammonia Products 5h.200 tons; 1959. 53.300 tons; 1960, Endand and Wales 1960 1959 Mist Combosition -...... $7 onn " ton. 6nc. smmonls liquor from Tonr Thc ncid mists complained of sccm In thc heyday of the 'wet copper' by-prod. liquor (25':;.) ... 114,200 process. 400.000 to 450,000 tons of By-prod. ammonium rulphrte 282.500 to consist of nuclei of sulphur trioxidc Syn. ammonium rulphare ... 906.700 with an cnvclopc of molecules of water burned pyrites wcrc processed each ycar to give some 15,000 tons of copper, Scotland vapour around them. This mist is almost Conc. ammonia liquor from unaffected by p:lssagc through standard 2.000 oz. of gold. and 300.000 oz. of by-prod. liquor (25';"): silver. Thc proccss was last operated in From gar wo~ks...... absorption plant irrigated with liquids .... From coke ovenr ... 1946. By-prod.rammon~umrulphrre: in which sulphuric acid is readily soluble. From gar works ...... - The phenomenon is largely a post-war From shale works ... 98,000 7320 one and is made morc apparent by the Nitric Acid Emissions From coke ovens ... 6.734 10.280 greatly incrcascd scalc of acid produc- Nitric Acid. Production of nitric acid tion units. by the oxidation of ammonia is carried Por(rfir~ Oil Works. Annual through- It is pointed out that modifications out at seven of the 78 registered works put of crude and process oils in England which decrease mist formation at one and thcrc is recovery of nitric acid from and Wales in 1960 was 40.5 million tons work5 may have the opposite effect at v:~rious nitration, ctc., operations at 10 (2.5 million tons in 1938). almost all of another. Electrical precipitation is one works. One difficulty of the larger plants which was dealt with at eight refineries. answcr. but an expcnsivc one. The report is the colour of the emission to air. In connection with Petrochemicals Ltd., adds 'The mist problem is one which This has been overcome on the new it ir stated that the discharge of waste must receive our attention for some years units built by the Thames Estuary by boilcr gases by the 375 ft. chimney has to come.' the catalytic combustion technique. The had no effcct on the general level of The number of chamber and tower acidity of thc waste gases has not been sulphur dioxide pollution in the area. process works rcgistercd has fallen over reduced so far as had been hoped. in Tur Works. Following co-operative the year from 36 to 30, and the number (:.at complete reduction to nitrogen has schemes and consequent concentration of of individual plants is 46. Production not yet been effected. The whole ques'ion the tar distillation industry, the number was 349,000 tons (318,000 tons in 1958). of emissions from these large units will of registrations has fallen from 341 in Number of contact process works regis- continue to receive "most serious atten- 1930 to lh2 in 1950. 136 in 1955. 109 tered rose from 41 to 43 and at the end tion". in 1959 to 107 at the end of 1960. By of IN0 therc were 73 individual plants. Mrcriatic Acid. The number of salt the same token present-day distilleries , somc being commissioned during the works is slowly decreasing as vacuum are larger than 20 to 30 years ago. At year. with a further five units under evaporation tcchniques replace the old 60 of the 107 works there is distillation construction. open pan process. The real problem here of crude tar and at 20 of those there CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1%1 is also distillation of creosote, light oils Raw Materials Used in Registered enabling a substantial reduction in the or tar acids. At 33. registration is in Works, Scotland volumetric capacity of thc plant. respect of distillation of creosote, light 1960 1959 Steel Prodrtclion. Extensive use of oils, henzole wash oil or tar acids, no Tonr Tonr oxygen lancing is being considered at Decomposed ralr in saltcake crude tar being distilled. The remaining one works, cxperimcnts to include the 14 registrations concern mjscellaneous ~i%s'ihorph.;e di&lvedin 1'485 1'400 treatment of thc very dcnse fumes of chemical manure works ... 177,910 186,870 processes-dewatering of water-gas tar, iron oxide which arise in the lancing. impregnated fibre pipes, production of of premises by the lcad chamber process, Trc:~tmcnt by electrostatic precipitation lampblacks, and special carbons. with two other registrations for tower is undcr considcration. At another In 1894, there wcre 110 registered plants. works preliminary talks havc becn hcld works and the amount of tar then dis- Clrerrricnl Manrrre. Kegistration for thc about the installations of a L-D con- tilled was around 0.7 million tons, rising manufacture at Premises No. 18 was not verter; a firm undertaking was given that to about 1 million tons by 1909. The renewed, marking the scvcring of a very the dense fumes arising would bc ellcc- maximum number of works registered in long connection with chemical manufac- lively treated. At the end of thc year any one year for tar distillation was 378 turc in Glasgow. :I lirm decirion had not been reached :.$ in 1924 and 1926, when the yearly dis- Nitric Acid. Bulk production of nitric to whethcr a dry or a wet method of tillation rate was about 1.5 million tons. acid is based cntircly on thc catalytic treatment would bc used. It was quite The amount distilled reached a maximum oxidation of ammonia gas. For economy clcar that if there is pencral adoption of in 1956 and 1957, 2.6 million tons being in the use of stainless steel, it has becn tonnagc oxygen in steelmaking, the treat- distilled yearly. Tar distilled in 1960 was common practice to carry out oxidation ment of dcnse fumes will be a substan- 2.5 million tons, rather less than might at comparatively high pressure, thus tial part of the capital cost. be expected due largely to reduced car- honisation of coal owing to production of towns gas by other routes and to the use of crude tar as a fuel at some steel Research Chemicals Specialists, L. Light works. Some 75% or more of present distil- lation of crude tar is via continuous Celebrate 25th Anniversary pipe stills, production from which has more than doubled since 1944. THEIR 15th year of continuous n-alanine. threonine and several other B~~~~~~ works, D~~ to continuing development is now being celebrated amino acids. concentration of the coal carbonisation by L. Light and Co. Ltd., Colnbrook, In the field of natural products they industry the number of registered works Bucks. Founded in 1936 by Dr. Louis made glycogen (ex mussels). hemin (ex fell from 235 to 219. Production of Light and Dr. Henry de Laszlo, the corn. blood) bilirubin (ex gallstones), rare crude benzole in 196~in England and pany has huilt up an extensive business porphyrins (ex parrot feathers, por- Wales was 118 million gall. In manufacturing and supplying the rarer phyritic anim:~l urine, etc.) and recently Pyrirlirre Works. N~~~~~~~production organic chemicals to research workers the important 8-hydroxyquinolinc and at the 34 registered works in terms of throughout the world. phenolphthalein glucuronides utilising pyridine bases was of order Since moving to Colnbrook in 1950. the urine of animals specially fed for the of 300.000 gall./year. Light's turnover has increased over 20"; pllrposc. ~ro~~i~~.works. Of 41 registrations a year and, during this period, 60?A 'lf Since 1960, work on zone-refining of two related to the production of bromink their "Ies have exported to every org;,no-scintillatorq and the preparation co"nt'y in the world where research is from sea water and the rest to the of ultra-pure white and red phosphorus :;;c;'n;;;p;;y ttrit;p;;,"iut,"; co~~~e~hmtorieswere the fir. (for solid nne physics) havc been suc- cessfully concluded. Recent preparations are Associated Ethyl at Hayle, Cornwall, produce the Choline drugs' synthetic and Amlwch, Angksey, Capacity is of hormones-stilbcestrd and diencestrol, inccludc boron triodidel uricase, the order of 50 million Ib. of bromine carcinogenic hydrocarbons-benzpyrene urobilinogen, tctracyanoeth~lene, m- and methyl cholanthrene, reagents- quinqucphenyl and N-acetylneuraminic ~h~u~rbOA~,,s'~~~te~r~,"i",~in~a~? 2.-2'-dipyridyl, ninhydrin, naphthoresor- acid. volumes of sea water need to he pro- cinol, 2.2'-diquinolyl, tetrahydroxy- Larger oficcs. storcs and laboratories qn~none, DL-a-alanyl-p-naphthylamidc are now under construction, and the cessed; merely to acidulate the sea water HBr., barium azidc. nitro BT, etc. They company looks ahead to the next 25 years to the necessary pH "Iue calls for wcre also first to produce DL-methionine, with enthusiasm. 20,000 tons of suulphuric acid a year. About 2 million Ib. of bromine is imported each year from Israel. Most bromine produced is converted to ethy- Consultants to be Listed British Plastics lene dibromide. The remaining uses, in C.A. Directory Federation's Progress responsible for all but two of the 41 registrations, relate to between 7 and 8 THE CIIEMICALAGE DIRECTORYAND 1-III?Rritish Plastics Federation has million Ib./year, mainly in dyestuffs, WHO'S WHO, 1962, will for thc first time published a booklet. 'Aims and Objects ', pharmaceuticals and photographic iudus- include a list of consultants in chemistry, dcscribing its organisation and showing tries. chemical engineering and related fields. how thc Federation. formed in 1933, has Gnr and Coke. The number of regis- Those consultants, with full-time prac- kept in step with the increasing produc- trations, 430 compared with 454 in 1959 tices, who would like to be included in tion of plastics material%-a 20-fold in- and 477 in 1958, shows the effect of con- this feature. which will nppear in the crease sincc 1938, and last year amount- tinuing conccntration. The tonnage of editorial section of the 'Dircctory' and ing to more than 560.000 tons. coal carbonised in gas works in England who have not received a form, should Eight groups covcr raw material sup- plies. material manufacturc. moulding, and Wales in 1960 was 20.4 mlllion tons. write as soon as pos%iblcto the Editor. fabricating. laminated and fibrous pro- A total of 26.9 million tons of coal was CHEMICALACE. 154 Fleet Street, London ducts, packt~ging.reinforced plastics. and E.C.4, giving the following details. carbonised at 62 coke oven works, four engineering. Four of thc group5 have of which closed during the year. Name of practice. names of principal sections; thc matcrial manufactorcrs, for or partners. with qualifications, address Scottish Report insti~ncc,covcr moulding materials, syn- and telephone number. subjects covered thctic rcsins, sheet, p.v.c. compounders, IN HIS annual report on the provisions by the practice. nnd titles of association% %urface coating resins, and calendered of the Alkali &c Works regulations in or societies in which the principal or p.v.c. sheeting. Scotland, the Chief Inspector, E. A. partners hold membership. An indication Copies of the booklet are ohtainahle ' Balfour Birse, says that manufacturc of should also be given as to whethcr from R.P.F.,47-48 Piccadilly, London sulphuric acid was carried out at two sets laboratory facilities are available. W.1. 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE

These machines were demonstrated on Review of Achema Exhibition the stand of Morehouse International, Los Angcles. Particularly suitable for the grinding of tough, moist and plastic materials (e.g. New Trends in Chemical Plant p.v.c., Teflon, Vulkollan. cellulose and rubber) and of materials with low fusion emollient points are the Asima-Mikro Design and Operation grinders exhibited by Artur Simon HE Achema 1961 Exhibition-Con- evaporator tube. A new, completely con- Maschinenbau GmbH., Poller Kirchweg T gress. organised by the Deutsche tinuous crystalliser for salt solutions, de- 60168, Cologne-Deutz. The unit, shown Gesellschaft fiir chemisches Apparate- signed by B.A.S.F. in co-operation with at the exhibition in operation, is fed con- wesen (Dechema) and held in Frankfurt- Zahn und Co. GmhH, Hameln, was ex- tinuously. All component parts are am-Main. W. Germany. 9-17 June. hibited by the latter firm. The cylindrical exchangeable and the division of the hrought forth a large number of new cooling surface rotates in the solution, housing in several segments linked by developments in chemical plant, lahora- which is kept in lively motion by an wing-nut fittings simplifies the opening tory techniques and automatic analysis :additional agitator: this new design is up of the machine for cleaning. and control. To describe them all in a claimed to ensure completely continuous An Airmix laboratory mixer and an brief review such as this is clearly im- operation and a uniform product. emulsifier of the same make were shown possible: however, many of the new On display by John C. Carlson Ltd., in action on the stands of Gebriider Griin developments were discussed in the Newman Street. Ashton-under-Lyne, were KG, Lissberg/Oberhessen. Also shown special preview of the Achema which their 60 cm.. 40 cm.. and 20 cm. sheet by Griin were an 800-litre Airmix mixer appeared in C.A.. 10 June. and some filters, and a range of laboratory filters whose housing acts also as centrifugal further novelties, along with some of as well as a representative selection of separator, a Spriihmix unit for the jet the more striking general trends, are Carlson original filter sheets. Sheet filters introduction of liquids into dry products noted below. have been developed that are not only for the production of an even granulate Unir Opcrorio~i.~.In the field of chemi- more versatile and easier to operate but and ;I new rotary cell filter. tiriin shared cal plant for unit operations, the exhihi- also facilitate cleaning The emphasis, its stands with the British and Cnmmon- tlon revealed not so much any startling however, is on the material of construc- wealth licensees John Kimbell and Cn. new designs as the adaptation and mndi- tion--stainless steel. Carlson have paid Ltd. and Wm. Gardner and Co. Ltd. and tication of existing techniques to meet the particular attention to the filter plates its franc-zone licensee Airmix S.A. needs of continuous, automatic process- and present two types, manufactured in Gewerkschaft Eisenhiitte Westfalia, ing, and the introduction of new com- stainless steel. The first is of expanded Wethmar, showed the latest design of a metal design and the second has a cor- binations of materials of construction to spiral heat cxchanger, developed in co- rugated metal insert. cater for higher temperatures and pres- operation with Didier Werke AG. which sures and the handling of aggressive is claimed to offer the advantage of per- media. Gravitv, Seawator, fect sealing between the medium and the This trend was perhaps most evident An improved gravity type separator heating or cooling liquid passing in among the filtration equipment shown, countercorrent. Basis of the design is for refinery emuent, designed by engin- such as the new development of F. H. a serics of rings into which are cast eers of Royal Dutch/Shell Group com- Schule GmbH. Hamburg--a filter press helical channels. with a mechanical plate transport device panies in the Netherlands. was among for semi or fully automatic operation. the features of the Shell stand. The new A new rapid dryer for granules was The machine is operated pneumatically. sc.parator gives about 40n:, reduction in shown by Robert Muenster, Muttenz, the filter cake hemp removed by com- the oil content of the emuent compared Switzerland. this being aimed at over- pressed air. Designed for compactness with the conventional type of gravity coming the "bottleneck" problem experi- and labour-saving is the diaphragm filter separator. the improvement being effected enced in tray drying. In the new design. press shown by Rosig AG, Berlin; this hy incorporating parallel plates in the air does not merely pass over the sur- was developed for the production of separator which function as collecting face of the product hut is sucketl through filter cakes with a high solid content surfaces for the oil globules in the the mass. In this. it is stated. each in- from dispersions that are tlifficult to emoent. The plates are tilted to guide the dividual granule is exposed to a stream filter. To illustrate the development of movement of the oil towards the surface of heated dry air and gives off its filters for corrorive service wc h:~ve ;I and the sludge towards the bottom. moisture content in the shortest possible vacuum drum filter of gl:~rsfibre reinforced Miring rrnd Grirrdirrg. The new Super tlme. polyester construction, shown by Dorr- series of Cowles Dissolver models, in- I~~str~~~i~entnfiorrm~d Coralrol. Here Oliver GmbH, Wieshaden. Primarily corporating an improved power trans- again the emphasis is no longer on com- applied to the sifting and screening of mission system that is capable of deliver- pletely new techniques; the dominant dry materials. on both the laboratory and ing over 90":, of motor horsepower to tendency in this field is to improve reli- plant scale, the sonic sifting machines of the impeller even at thc lowest speeds. ability and precision, to increase robust- Rhewum (Rheinische Werkzeug-und ness and to simplify operation. Here, too. Maschinenfabrik GmhH. Remscheid- is evidence of new efforts to overcome 120ettringhausen), are now being further the problems of operation in aggressive. developed for wet screening and can inflammable or explosive media. as for therefore he said to have entered the fielcl instance in the radioactive. isotope of filtration. method of tank level control demon- Among other separation operations. trated by AEG (Allgemeine Elektricitats- evaporation was also outctanding for the Gesellschaft). From indication at a number of innovations. Examples include single point we pass to complete elec- the Kontro film evaporator shown by tronic control of a plant for the treat- Samesreuther und Co. GmhH, Rutzbach. ment of waste water, this having been this operating on a centrifugal principle developed by Dr. Erich Asendorf- and consisting essentially of a rapidly Abwnsserlechnik. Rad Homburg. Thc revolving rotor inside a heated pipe: and Robot measurement and control appara- the Rotafilm thin layer evaporator shown tus exhibited on this stand is fully tran- by Carl Canzler, Duren. in which the sistorised. insensitive to fluctuating tem- l~quid is evenly distributcd and continu- peratures, moisture and corrosion. It is ously mixed by a rotating wiper system. stated that measuring and amplifier units depositing a film on the inner side of the Rlicro-mill hy Arfur Simon can even be flooded with acids and CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961

poisons without :~ffcctingthcir opcr;~tion. interest in the development of filtcr being p-tert. butyl phenol, p-isononyl Ar~rrlyricnl rrlid Mmsrrrir~gAppnrnlrrs. membranes in porous p.t.f.e., these heing phenol and p-dodecyl phenol. The pro- bndcr this heading. the most impressive produced in ;I range of pore radiuse~ cess is that developerl by the firm Elpro- ;~dvanccs hcing made :Ire in the newcr from 1 to 500 microns, and in thick- chine of Fribourg. A special feature is a~~toni;tticn~ethocls of analysis. bringing 11s ncsces of 0.7. 1.5, 2 and 3 mm. accord- that the use of high pressure storage nearer the completely automatic labora- ing lo Lhc duty. Resistant to temperatures containers and dosing devices for liquid tory. while for thc less spectacul;lr but no LIP to ZCJO"C. these membranes withstand gas is eliminated by employing di- or tri- less essential operations such as measure- the most corrosive media including nitric. iso-hutylene or mixtures of these sub- ment of pH, tcmper:ttktres, etc.. equip- sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. stances, both polymers being liquid at ment is still hcing steadily made simpler Progress in acid-proof stoneware was ordinary temperatures. to operate. revealed on the ctand of Deutsche Stein- Purified water for pharmacy, chemistry A new automatic X-ray fluorescence zeugwarenfabrik fur Kanalisation und and electronic manufacture as well as spectrometer for thc routine analysis of chemische Industrie. Mannheim, furthcr for general laboratory work and research I:~rge numbers of samplcs in solid, liquid :~ttention having been paid to thc i.; provided instantly and at high flow nr pnwrler form is the Fluroprint, ex- development or spcrial compounds, such rates by the Elgastat E 101 mixed bed hihited hy Hilger ;and Watts Lld., Lon- as stollcware resistant to temperature dcioniser with pre-purifier introduced by don. Ch;lngcovcr from one type of ana- fli~ctu;ltions. iron-free stoneware and Elga Products Ltd.. Lane End. Rucks. lysis to another is done simply by pull- tcchqic:ll porcelain. This is a fully mohile unit, the raw water Ing out :I pluq-bo:~r(l and ~uhstituting The newcr metals cuch as titanium and influent point being connected to the another. Particle size spectrometry has tanl;~lum werc evident not only on the mains and. by setting the selector to been subject ul' research work carried \t:lnd of 1.C.I. Mcmls Division (see Elgalised water, flow commences instantly o~~tby the Physics Division of the Preview) hut also in various other at a flow rate of 50 gall./hr. Battelle-lnstitut e.V.. Fmnkfurt. and on exhibits elsewhere: for instance. Carl Exhibits of Sarnen S.A., P.O.B. 29, thcir stand they showcd a unit which Gander showcd a number of wcldcd Sarnen. Switzerland, include the Aero- wrver for determining the particle size items in titanium and tantalum. tron electro-filter, for use where com- distr~hution of any polydispersed dis- pressed air of a high degree of purity peroids. Up to 800 individual particles Carbon Exhibits is required. It is described as permitting pcr second arc mcnsured by this model. both a centralised and a decentralised Show~nzthcir new M:~ssRow thermo- A full range of their chemical equip- supply of compressed air. Versions arc balance for the first time werc Stanton ment in Delanium carbon and graphite available for purifying compressed gases, In5trument5 Ltd., London. this providing was exhibited by Powell DuRryn blast furnace gas. flue gas, and for for a continuous record of changes of Carbon Products Ltd., Springfield Road, removing dust in the operation of car- wcicht of a sample in a furnace in n Hayes, Middlesex. The exhihits include bide furnaces, etc. Air conditioning in pre\cure range from 10-Vorr to the conventional Powell Duffryn cubic chemical and pharmacet~ticalworks, food t700 plsq. cm. as a function of time and and long tube heat exchangers: new processing plants, etc., is a further appli- temperature. Dcsiancd to permit also viscose units: the new cartridge conden- cation. the ex~~minotionof mnterinls in pure gas ser; a full range of graphite bursting Three recently developed items of in- :~tmocphercs. these instruments :Ire discs, with demonstrations at certain dustrial apparatus for use in the chemical ul;~~medto represent a considerable ad- times during the day; the new graphite industry werc on show in the display tf van-e in the field of thcrmo-gravimctric centrifugal vertical spindle pump: and Alfred Klircher, Leutenbacher Strasse an:~lyris. a full rangc of mechanical carbons and 30140. Winnenden hei Stuttcart. These Described hy the makcrs as comhinin_c graphites. are: an addition to the Klrcher range of the adv;~ntagcs of the thcrmo-halancc Sigr.-KobleFabrikate GmbH, (13b) oil-fired high-speed steam generators with those of the diRcrcntial thermo- Meilingcn iibcr Augshurg. rcvealed that. capable of producing 500 to 1.030 kg./hr. ;in:~lvser is the Dcrivatograph. a Hun- their materials Diabon (special electro- of high-pressure steam at 3-10 atm.. pro- garian devcleopmcnt cxhibitcd by graphite) and Durabon (special hard- duction starting a matter of minutes after Me'rimnex. Rucl;~ncst-the Hule:~rian burnt carbon) are now available with start-up: a tank cleaner for the spraying trading company for inrtrllments. On thc improved chemical resistance, as well as of tank interiors at pressures of 20- same stand :~ppeared a new high-frc- their excellent resistance to temperature 50 atm.: and a hot oil generator for the qllency titrimctcr. prini:~rilvdesirncd for changes, by reason of being impregnated indirect heating of tanks containing snh- use in aqueous medi;~hut also applicahlc with a special pitch. stances requiring a certain level of heat to non-;~qi~coussolutions. For the production of hydrochloric to remain in liquid form-with a boiler New devcloomcnts shown hy A. Gal- acid a novel improved Diabon chlorine efficiency of over 85%,, this has an oil Ienkamp and Co. Ltd., Lonclon. included combustion furnace has been developed circulation of some 10.000 litreslhr. the Lloyd <:I? an,~lvsisapparatus. a com- in co-operation with B.A.S.F., while a pact. port;~hlcunit for r;~pitl0.. and CO? further development featured is an air- determin;~tions:the hallistic bomh calori- cooled Diabon heat exchanger with fin- New Seed Dressing meter which is stated to give 10 results ned plates. A new liquid sced dressing formula- an hour and to have iln accuracy nf 1 *!,: Mi.sc~lln~r~orts.Lubour-saving in thc tion particularly effective against wire- and the Bicrkerud ;~pp:~r:ltus for hydro- laboratory can he applied not only to the worm and which, at the same time, pcn in steel determinations. operation of apparatlls hut also to routine minimines risk to wild life, has been Mnlcri~r1.v. The cnginccr or cicntist servicing duties, :is is shown by the wash- developed by Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. especi:~llv concerned with materials of ing and rinsing machine for lahoratory Called Kotol, it contains lindane (not less construction coultl lind something ol' glassware shown by the firm of Herbert than 99Y, gamma RHC) in a non-phyto- inlevst not onlv in the exhihition h:lll Adam, Koblenz. This is an all-electric toxic solvent: used as a seed dressing, cnccinllv devotcd to materials hut appliance with rotary drums holding lindane is considcrcd to be the insecti- thrc~ueboutthe disnl:~vs of plant. :lpoarn- stainles~ steel hasketn containing the cide least hazardous to wild life. And a lus and insfr~~nicnts.Thus. a tour of thc various types of glass containers and vital point about this product is that it \tands showing lah(lr;~torv aon:iralus accessories. is based on a new and special formula- revealed an incrcn\ing usc of plastics For Among tablet-making machinery, a tion which nlinimises the risk of phyto- menv tvncs of :tonnratus prcvio~lsly notable exhihit was the new Layerpress toxicity with which BHC has always made of class, whilc a number of c'lerni- of Manesty Machines Ltd., Liverpool hecn associated in the past. A rcd dye is c:~l encireerinp exhihits revealed new this heing capahle of making both incorporated in the product to make for ideas in livinc plant with carhon, cera- ordinary and two- or three-layer tablets. casy recognition of the treated seed. mics and other mz~te~ials. The continuous production of alkyl Socil:tC Ic Carhone-Lorraine, Paris. phenols is the purpose of plant now Will whocc norm:~l line of manufacture is heing constructed by Arbeitsgemein- Mr. John Leonard Armstrong, finan- Polvhloc c:~rhon and gr:~phite heat ex- schaft Chemisclte Verfahrenstechnik cial director of 1.C.I.. who died on 7 ch:~ngcrs ant1 components, reveal n new (ACV), Cologne, the principal protlucts January, intestate, aged 67. left £58.671. 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE

peroxide and fatty acid peroxides for use in unsaturated polyester rcsins. This com- pany has plant now nearing completio~i and is considering expansion into cata- lysts of a type to be used for Mitsui Polychemical's polythene, which will be ITALIAN LUBE-OIL PRODUCTION WILL produced by the Du Pont process. Joint Dutch-French TOTAL 365,000 T.P.A. BY 1963 Drug Venture in France Philips-Duphar. the pharmaceutical divition of the Netherlands Philips con- cern and Clin-Byla, the French pharma- HE rcccnt ;innouncement that Esso pli~nningto use a process developed by ceutical producers, will set up a joint T St:~nd:~rdItalii~n:~ will build, in co- the AviSun Corporation of America. production affiliate in France under the Disi~greenient aroqe over the admission oper:~tion with KASIOM, a 1;lrge lube- name Duphar-C.B. Production will he (r~lplant at Augu~la, Sicily, has not to the sub-committee of the Asahi marketed by Clin-Byla. :~rouscdthc interest it deserves. Thc new Chemical Industry, who propose to pro- plant. which will be able to produce duce polypropylene by a technique Bayer Insecticide Enterprise tout 200,000 tonncs of high-quality developed domestically, the other four lutri~~nts:I year. will radically ;liter the comp;~nies objecting that they had had in El Salvador lubric:lting oil situation in Italy. to p;~y royalties to acquire the foreign Farbenfabriken Bayer AG and finan- For somc ye;lrs, It:llian consumption know-how. cial circles in El Salvador have founded has hecn growin; ste:ldily, increasing According to the terms of the new a company in El Salvador for the pro- from 82.759 tonncs in 1958 to 109.442 :rgreement l'oyo Rayon and Mitsubirhi duction of liquid plant protection chemi- tonncr in 1960. will produce 10 tons daily, Toyo Spin- cals for cotton. The new firm, called During the %me period. thcrc has ning and the Ncw Japan Nitrogenous Bayer de El Salvador S.A., will produce kcen :11\o an Incrensc in the home pro- Fertiliser company 3 tons a day and about 1 million litres of liquid insecti- duct~onof lube-oils. hut this incrc:~sehas Asahi one ton. The settlement has been cide a year. not kept pncc with tlic consumption and, rcferred to the Textile Ministry for thus. increasing qu:~ntitics have had to formal approval. French-U.S. Venture he 111iported (17.873 tonncs in 1958. Strikes Oil in Sahara .31.374 ... tonncs in 1959. :lnd 56.275 tonncs Amoco Refinery in 19htl). Thk. however, has not pre- for ~~~~~~l~~dA French State-controlled oil com- \,cntcd the build-up of exports which pany in association with the U.S. Philips (together with bunkcring of outw4rd Standard Oil (Indiana) have approved Oil concern has struck natural gas in the bound ships) totalled 22.29: tonne? in the plans of their Australian subsidiary Sahara. the Oil Exploration Bureau re- 1958. 22.628 tonnes in 1959, and 26.567 to build a refinery in Queensland cost- ports in Paris. A borehole at Gassi Toi~il tonncs in 1960. ing fAl l million. The subsidiary- drilled by Compagnie des Petroles E\~(, *i![ go on stream Amoc~(Australia) Pty. Ltd.-proposes France-Afr~que in a joint venture with In 1963 and by then Itali:~n production 10 hoild the refinery at the mouth of the Philips and Omnirex (a private French potcnti:il will rise to 365.0110 tonncs (not Brisbane River. The refinery will be the oil exploration company) yielded during cconting v;irious sni:~llcr new plant, higsst in Queensland. tests I million cu. m. of gas per day. which ;ire likely to open in the mean- This is as much as the wells at Hassi time). ny then ItaIi:~n consumption of Polymer Butadiene Plant May Rmel, the Saharan gas deposit at which lubric;~ntswill incrc:lsc to somc 320,000 Use Shell Acetonitrile Route industrial production was started last tonncs a ycar, and thus, thcrc will be a month. 11i:irijn lor cxportc. Fluor Corporation (Canada) will build It was stated that it would be necessary At prcscnt m;ljor ~~:~li~~con. the new butadiene extraction plant of to drill other boreholes to determine the ,Llmcrs :ire I-c,;lcl tr;insport (;lbotlt 48y, Polymer Corporation Ltd. at Sarnia. extent of the gas deposit as Gassi Touil. ~f.thctotal). industry 137,::,), agriculture Ont. is reported in Cllcmical Week fh",, I. i1n1l r:~ilw:~ys(3",'.). that the unit may be the first in the Du Pont's Shares Wcstcrn Hemisphere using Shell Develoo- G.M. mcnt's acetonitrile extractive distillation Disposal Appeal Fails U.C.B.'s New Plant for proceqs that yields a high-purity product. The U.S. Supreme Court, by a four High-auality Benzene 0. # to three vote, has rejected the request of .A . ..IICW rcct~lic;htion unit installed i-v U.S. lIllp0~eDuty On E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. to Union Chimique Rclgc at their Havre- ease the 10-year requirement for getting Ville site has :I ci~pi~city01 some 30.000 rid of its General Motors stock. The tonncs/ycar of high-quality bcnzcnc. Whcn produced from a petroleum Court had ruled (C.A., 27 May, p. 857) toluene and xylene. Part of the hcnzene feedstock, toluene and xylene imported that Du Pont must get rid of its 63million will he used in ;I Iklrgc malcic anhydride into the U.S. will in future carry a duty G.M. shares in order to remedy com- unit now under construction on the same of f cent per gallon. Formerly duty-free, pletely its violation of the Clayton Anti- silc. these products have been reclassified as Monopoly Law. liquid derivltives of crude petroleum. The four-man majority said the Japanese Polypropylene divestiture must take place within 10 yea-s Dispute Settled U.S. Catalyst Plans for of the final order by Federal District Japan are Opposed Judge Walter J. Labuy, of Chicago, even A thrcc months' dispute hetwecn five though the Government did not insist leading Jnp:~nccc lihre producerr con- Nippon Oils and Fats Co., and other on this time limit. In a petition of modi- cerning the sc;~le of their recpcctivc peroxide manufacturers. are opposing the fication of the opinion Du Pont said the m:~nuf:~cturing facilities lor polypropy- ~cttingup of a joint company by Yoshi- time allowed thould be left to Judge lene has now hcen settled by the Japan tomi Pharmaceuticnl industries Ltd. and Labuy. Chemic;~l Fihre Industry Arrociation's Wallace and Tiernan Inc., U.S., to pro- sub-committee on polypropylene. The duct peroxide catalysts for the produc- Rumianca Plan Petrochemical Toyc Rayon. Mitsubishi R;~yon and tion of polythene. Nippon Oils state that Toyo Spinning comp:lnics had secured the catalyst can he produced by a Complex in Sardinia licences from Montccatini. A fourth domestic process and are themselves Details of a petrochemical project for comp:tnv. Shin Nippon Chisso Hiryo planning the production of organic the Italian island of Sardinia have been (New Japan Nitrogenous Fertiliser), is peroxides such as methyl ethyl ketone revealed by the Italian chemical pro- CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1%1 ducer Rumiilnca, of Turin. Products con- The new plant would utilise the 1 mil- vi..I .d~etaldchyde . (see also C.A.. 17 June. cerned will include electrolytic sodn, lion cu. m. coke oven gas produced ty p. 1004). Royalty payment to Farbwerke chlorine, polyvinyl chloride and poly- the British built Durgapur Steel Works. Hoechst will be 3%: design and engin- thene, as well as other, as yet unspecified Should Mitsui Bussan succeed in their eering will come from Friedrich Uhde. products. Local salt will be used and hid to build this plant-against competi- Initially a 2-3 tonslday pilot plant will between 400 million and 500 million tion from Westinghouse and other U.S. he built, to he followcd by plant with kwh from the local Carbosarda concern. companies-they would use the Grande lirst-stage capacity for 20 tons/day. Construction is expected to take two or Paroiq ammonia synthesis process. Japan Gas-Chemical claim that the three years. Investments required are put cost of producing acrylonitrile by the at 30.000 million lire. this to come from Methanol, Vinyl Acetate Knapsack process will he lowered by aid from the so-called Southern Fund. Units for Borden ZO",',. the Sardinian rehabilitation scheme. New plants to he built at Gcismar. current bank credit and a Rumianca Two Anhydrous Ammonia 1.a.. by Borden Chemical are a 25 capital increase and loan issue to he million gall./year methanol unit and a Terminals Planned ;~nnounced before the start of next year. 50 million Ih./year vinyl acetate mono- Americ:~n 011 Co. itre to construct a Alkyl Lead Products mer unit. These will be adjacent to the 15.000 tons refrigerated termlnal for acetylene and vinyl chloride monomer anhydrous ammonia on the Des Plaines from New Nalco Plant plants under construction for Mono- River. near Joliet, Ill. Ammonia will Nalco Chemical Co., Chicago. are to chem. owned jointly by Borden and U.S. come from the Whiting. Ind.. plant of erect a new plant for the production of Rubber. Morton Chemical are to built Gllumet Nitrogen. who are owned by alkyl lead compounds. Working to a new a plant for the production of anhydrous Sinclair Oil and Refining and Standard process, the plant will have an antici- hydrogen chloride at Geismar. Oil of Indiana, parent company of pated capacity based on the processing Amoco. A 15.oOO ton< anhydrouc to alkyl lead compounds of some 13.000 Liquid CO, Plant Starts ammonia terminal is also to bc built on short tons of lead per year. Site of the Up in Central Italy the Mississippi by Moncanto Chemical new plant is on the Gulf coast. Co. 'To the plant which Societa' Chimica Silicon Carbide Plant Pergine operate at Pergine. near Arezzo. Agreement on f 13 m. for Norway Italy. has been added a new unit for the production ol liquid carhon dioxide. This Rhodesian Refinery A new plant for the production of plant is claimed to be the most modern Aprcemcnt been rei~chedbetween initially 4.000 annual tonnes of silicon and the largest in Italy. As ahout hO:i, An1cric;in Independent Oil and Shell on carbide is to be built in the Orkanger of the consumers of this gas reside in p;irt~cipation in a joint-venture £13 m. district of Norway. output to start in Northern Italy, it is transported in relinery in the Fcder~ltion of Rhodesia 1963. Manufi~ct~~rersare to he the Orkla specially designed tank lorries in which :~nd Nyas:iland. The agreement ic the Gruber A/B. working in co-operation it remains in the liquid state. rerult of talks held in I.ondon with Shell with another Norwegian undertaking and reprccenting four other marketers-B.P.. with U.S. interests. The plant's initial Knapsack Acrylo Monopoly for Vi~coum.Caltex and Total. capacity will possibly be doubled by a The scheme could be in production hy later date. Japan on 3% Royalty. . Basis end-December. 1963. Plans for the pro- Japan Gas-Chemical have secured posed f5 million Beira-Salisbury c111 Joint French Venture for monopoly rights in Japan to the use of pipcline will probahly now procecd Acetic Acid Plant the Knapsack process for acrylonitrile, 21% 3 res~lltof the refinery ilgreement. The end of next year is announced as the prohahle running-on date of a new plant at Pont-de-Claix. France, for the production of acetic acid and other fatty A.D.L. Research Provides Heat up to acids. The producing company. which will also market the acids, will be a new 6,00OoF in Boosted Burner concern to be formed jointly by the two NEW French chemical companieq RhAne- A.-. economical heat source for figurcc arc cxpcctcd from increased elec- Poulenc and Progil under thc name of lndustr~al use---the result of a trical powcr. The higher temperature. Sociiti. Rh6nc-Progil. Pont-dc-Claix is 'marriage' of chemical and electrical high specific enthalpy product of the also the site of the isocyanates plant energies-was described recently to mem- hurncr is a potential heat source when being conctructed by the Franco-German hers of the American Gas Association. either rapid, high temperature heating consortium concern Progil-Bayer-Ugine. Undcr development by Arthur D. Little or an intense localised heat source above Inc., for the past two years. the Combex- 3.000"F is desired. Heating of materials Grace to Quadruple ADL burner is a patented invention of to a very high temperature by feeding Phthalic Capacity in Brazil Bela Karlovitz. of Cumbustion and Ex- dlrectly into the flame is a logical use plosives Research Inc.. Pittsburgh. Pa. for the new device, especially when Phthalic anhydride capacity of It can supply heat in the 3.000" to organic materials are used cince slower Quimica Produtoc Ftalicos S.A.. Sao 6.000-F range for chemical and metal- methods would destroy the molecules Paolo. Brazil. a subsidiary of W. R. lurgical processes. and form carbon and vario~~soxides. Grace, is to be boosted from 60 tons The burncr ' boosts' the energy from Reduction of three metal oxides to 240 tonslmonth. W. R. Grace are alco ordinary combustion of ;I fuel-oxidant aluminium, boron and magnesium -were planning a 60 tonslmonth phthalic unit mixture by superimposing on the flame cited as potential applications for the at Bogota. Colombia, and in the U.S. are electrical energy from a low-current. Comhex-ADL burner. raising capacity to 2.000 tons/month. high-voltage. alternating-current dig- The meeting learned that the use of Durgapur Urea Plant May be charge. A.G.A. members heard reports cheap chemical energy supplemented by about the research programme on thc relatively expensive electrical energy to Built by Japanese thermodynamic properties of the boosted obtain higher than normal temperatures Negoti;~tionc to establish a urea plant burner when fuelled with natural gas. is the basis for the burner's operating in Durgapur. West Bengal, with n pro- It was stated that the addition of elec- economy. Operating costs depend on the iected cilpacity of lh0.000 tonclyear arc tric power equal to one-half the chemi- fuels. oxidants. and electric powcr used in hand between Durgapur Fertilizer cal combustion power at an optimum and the temperatures required. Design Manufilcturing and Mitsui Russan. Japan air-fuel ratio boosted the gas specific flexibility makes possible utilisation of would invest Yen 1,500 million and enthalpy (heat content) from 1.100 any commercially available fuel -r.atural export the entire plant including patent B.Th.U./lb. to 1.600 B.Th.U./lb. Enthal- gas, fuel oil. powdered coal. or hydrogen rights and know-how. India would pies of 1,900 B.Th.U./lh. were obtained with a range of oxidiscrs from air or inveqt Yen 2,300 million. with fuel-rich flames. and still higher oxygen to fluorine or cxotic mixtures. 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE Laporte Increase Stake in Fluorine Chemistry with New Acquisitions in Glebe Mines Area

In the catalysts section of UKlNG the year ended 31 March the Peter Spence works at 1961. Laporte Ind~~stries Ltd. Widnes. In his first report acquired Cupola Min~ng;knd Milling on Spence, Laporte's chair- Co. Ltd.. consi\tinp of mineral dcpo\its man descrihes their product :~nda flt~or\p;lr processing pl:lnt a~p:~hlc range as "a halanced blend of \ubstant~;tl development. In :~tldition of chemicals, some of which ;I rich mineral-bc:~ring ;ire;t known :a\ lit well into the existing Longstonc Edge w:t\ nlso acquil.ud. business of the group ant1 These steps wcre rcvc;~lcd by Mr. P. I). some leading us into new O'Brien. chairman of L.I.L., in I,i5 fields that we seek" i~nnual \t;ltement: he described these two acq~lisitions;I\ reuresenting a maio~ :~dvancc in the gro~~p'\interest5 in l..l.l.. i~itere>twill he \~~h\ta~i(i.~l.h111 Iltlorine chemistry. ('

Mr. P. E. Rousseau, managing direc- be concerned with Du Pont activities in tor of SASOL, has left South Africa on Europe. a month's visit to Britain, Holland, Ger- many, and the U.S. He is expected to Sir William Garrett. M.R.E., a dircc- return home on 9 July. Purpose of his tor of Mon5anto Chcmic:~ls Ltd.. and trip is to discuss financial aspects of con- chairman of the Association or British tracts which SASOL expect to conclude Chemical M:~nuf:lcturcrs. is :I British with overseas firms in connection with rcprescntalivc on the ncwly formed Con- their expansion plans. Mr. D. P. de sl~ltativc Council or the Europcan Frcc Villiers, managing director of SASOL 1-rndc Arm. The council's task is to pro- Marketing Company, has heen in Europe vide E.1-.T.A. lncmhcr governments with for the past seven weeks negotiating for a vehicle for cliscu\cion of common proh- the expansion of exports of SASOL pro- lemr in thr: commcrci:~l, industrial and ducts. 1:lbour scctors. @ Mr. Torsten Berg has been appointed Mr. R. S. G. Lea, ~lcputychairman tcchn~cal director of A. Johnson and :ind managing director. ClRA (A.R.L) Co. (London) Ltd. He joined the John- l.td.. Droxford. has hecn appointed a son organisation in 1938 and has been director of ClBA Clayton I.td., Man- concerned with various aspects of their chester. production and sales of stainless steel plant and equipment for the chemical and food industries. In addition to his director on the retirement of Mr. P. technical work Mr. Berg will continue Mayne. Mr. R. S. Wright, research direc- to be responsible for the company's sale tor of I.C.I. Dycst~~llsDivision, will join of chemical and food plant. the Billingham hoard on I Septcmhcr :ts managing director (technical), jointly Following his retirement from execu- with Mr. K. H. L. Cooper (commerci:~l) t~veduties with the Distillers Company and Mr. W. d'leny (technical). Ltd., Mr. William Reid has been appointed chairman of United Glass Ltd. 0 At a meeting of Reichhold Chemicals in succession to Mr. L. A. Elgnod. Mr. Lld. Mr. G. S. Rache was formally Reid has been a director of United appointed chairman of the company Glass for 24 years, as well as chairman and Dr. G. Swann. assistant managing of its closure making subsidiary, Kork-N- director of the subsidiary, Beck, Kollcr Seal Ltd., since 1955. Mr. Reid spent & Co. (England) Ltd., was appointcd ns most of his career with the D.C.L. pot- an ordinary director of the parent com- Mr. Harold Shepherd, who, :I< stated able interests, becoming chairman of the pany to fill the vacancy on the hoard I:st weck was awarded the M.R.E. in group's management committee. resulting from the recent death of Mr. the 8irthd;lv Honours, is chief chemist W. H. Breuer. 01 Armoride I.td., Earhy. Hc h:ls carried Dr. W. Watson, sewage works out conridcrahlc research on coated manager, Borough of Keighley, has becn lahrics, particul:trly those urcd by the elected an hon. fellow of the Institute Admlri~ltyand other Govcrnmcnt Dcpart- of Sewage Purification. Other new mentc. Mr. Shepherd serve? on various fellows include Mr. A. L. Abbntt, city R.S.I. Committees and rcprescnts Armor- chemist. City of Cape Town, and Mr. ide on the technical committee of the ti. Hodgson, sewage works manager. Lcathcrcloth and Co:rtcd Fabrics Manu- Croydon, and hon. assistant editor to l:~cti~rcrs'Associ:ition. the Institute. Dr. James Rums, G.M., deputy chairmnn of the North Thamcs Gas e. A. R. Pinnington has been Hoard, has becn clectcd president of the appointed salc.; manngcr (dcvelopmcnt) Institute of Fucl to take Office in Octo- of the Fullers' Earth Union Ltd., Red- her 1961. Sir Harold Hartley, G.C.V.O., W. Reid G. P. Phillips hill. Surrey. M.C., F.R.S., has heen made an hon. Mr. G. P. Phillips, general sales Dr. J. H. Hanlence, a director of Dr. member of thc insti'ute. He was chair- manager, has been appointed to the main Bernard Dyer and Partners. was re- man of the D.S.I.R. Fuel Rescarch board of Prodorite Ltd. as sales direc- elected president of the Association c~l Board during the pcriotl 1932 to tor. He joined Prodorite in 1938 and Public Analysts at the recent annual 1947; he was presidcnt of the World since then his activities have been mainly meeting. Other oficers re-elected were: Power Conference from 1950 to 1956. concerned with the company's sales. Mr. vice-president, D. I). Moir; hon. Mr. R. M. Currie. head of I.C.l.'s Phillips has recently returned from a trcasurer, R. C. Spalding; hon. secretal-y. work study dcpartment. is to be invested three months' visit to South Africa. F. A. Lyne, 220 Elgar Road. Reading; hy Earl Mounthatten with the badge c.f hon. editor, Dr. E. C. Wood. oflicc of presidcnt 01' the Inrtitutc of Dr. A. M. McKay, I.C.I. Billingham 0 Work Study at a cercmony :~tthe Guild- Division's engineering director, has been Mr. Thomas Milligan, assistant J. hall. London, on 3 July. Mr. Currie har appointed managing director of the Euro- sales director of Du Pont's Electro- reccive(l in'ernetional rccognltion for I.is pean Council, one of whose recponsi- chemicals Deparment, has becn appointcd pioneering clTorts in the work stlldy field bilities is to develop the 300-acre site managing dircctor of Du Pont dc and last weck. in Hcidclhurg war elected near Rotterdam. Dr. McKay was deputy Nemours International S.A.. Gencv:l. first president of the ncwly-formed Euro- chief engineer when he joined the Bil- from I August. Mr. Milligan succeeds pean Work Sturly Izcdcration. lingham Division hoard in 1954 as per- Mr. William D. Eaton, who has becn sonnel director: he became engineering promoted to assistant European director The Dcchema Medal for exceptional director the following year. He will Le of the Du Pont Co.'s 1nternation:ll scrviccs in the field of chemical plant has succeeded by Mr. W. B. Duncan, who Department. Mr. Eaton will he rcspon- heen conrcrred upon Senator-Prof.-Dr. holds a senior post in the division sible for the affairs of the Europcan Kurl Riess, Dipl.lng., of Lcverku5en. and engineering design department. Both Division in Wilmington and will return Dr. Erich Schott, of Hainz, the latter these appointments take effect on 18 there in August. Due to rising European particularly for his work in the develop- September. Dr. P. W. Reynolds, tech- business, Mr. C. R. Faust. assistant Euro- ment of technical glass and in the re- nical department manager, joins the divi- pean director in Wilmington, will he e~tahlishmcntof thc JENAer Glaswerkes sion hoard in December as technical transferred to Geneva on I July, and will Schott und Gen. in Mainz.

1044 I CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961 BRITISH CHEMICAL PRICES These prices are checked with the Salicvlic Acid. MANCHESTER:Tech.. did. GENERAL CHEMICALS pe; lb., 2s 6d, cwt. lots. Acetic Acid. 10-ton quantities, 80% tech. manufacbers, but in many cases Soda Ash. 58% ex-depot or d/d, London in bulk, £77 per ton; in casks,, £90 per there are variations according to station, I-ton lots, about £16 I Is 6d. ton; 80Y pure in bulk, £83; In casks, quality,quautity,place of delivery,etc. SodiumAcetate.Comm.crystals,d/d,£75 8s. £94: a1ac"lal. 981100% in bulk, £93; in Abbreviations: d/d, delivered; c.p., car- Soda, Caustic. Solid 76177%; spot, did drum

MO VEWITHTHE TIMES

For dependability and speed 1 use the "MONKTON" service I The transportation of bulk liquids is a very important and exacting job and needs the care and supervision wh~chonly our efficient and we!l organised serv'ce can give you. i The same attention and care is given to every job-no matter how small.

Efficiency is the key-note to the " Monkton " organisation.

For safe transport of bulk liquids ANYWHERE -The British Isles or the Continent-

MONKTON MOTORS LTD., WALLINGFORD ROAD, UXBRIDGE, MIDDX. TELEPHONE UXBRIDGE 3557415 CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961

5-10 tons, £82; 10 tons and up, £80; in Ex-store Manchester, London and Glas- 500-gal. tank wagons, £79. In bulk gow, load per Ib. TRADE NOTES minimum 2,500 gal. £75 per ton. Carbon Tetrachloride. Ton lots, £83 15s. Butyl Acetate BSS. 10-ton lots, £165. India-Rubber Substitutes. White, per Ib. Vinyl Plastic Resin n-Butyl Alcohol BSS. 10 tons, in drums, Is 4/d to Is 7d; dark, did, per Ib., Is 06d A new vinyl plastic resin, Pliovic did, El37 10s. to IS 4d. M-70X. has been developed as a modi- sec-Butyl Alcohol. All did. In 5-gal. drums, Lithopone. 30%. about £57 10s for 5-ton £168; in 10-gal. drums, £158 in 40-45 lots. fying material for plastisol moulding and gal. drums, under 1 ton, £133; 1-5 tons, Mineral Black. £7 10s-£10. coating compounds by the Chemical £130; 5-10 tons, £129; I0 tons and up, Sulphur Chloride. British, about £50. Division of the Goodyear Tyre organisa- £128; in 400-gal. tank wagons, £ 125. Vegetable Lamp Black. 2-ton lots, £64 8s. tion. The new resin is designed to lower tert-Butyl Alcohol. 5-gal. drums, £195 10s; Vermilion. Pale or deep, 7-Ib. lots, per Ib., thc viscosity of liquid plastics moulding 40145-gal. drums: I ton. £175 10s; 1-5 15s 6d. compounds within pract~cal processing to!is, £174 10s; 5-10 tons, £173 10s; limits. Compounds made with the new 10 tons and up, £ 172 10s. COAL TAR PRODUCTS Diacetone Alcohol. Small lots: 5-gal. resin arc said to have better Row charac- drums. £ 185; 10-gal. drums, £ 175. Benzole. Per gal., min. 200 gal., dld in teristics, improved stability and can be 40145-gal. drums: under 1 ton, £148; bulk, 90's. 5s 3d; pure, 5s 7d. produced at lower cost. It is claimcd that 1-5 tons, £147; 5-10 tons, £146; 10 tons Carbolic Acid. Crystals, did bulk, per Ib. the resin's relatively small particle size and over, £145, in 400-gal. tank wagons, Is 3d; 40150-gal. ret. drums extra, per :~llows excellent latitude in compounding Ih Id £142. .-., '-. without settling from the plastisol paste Dibutyl Phthalate. In drums, 10 tons, d/d Creosote. Home trade, per gal., according and increases adaptability of the resin per ton, £216; 45-gal. 1-4 drums, £222. to quality, f.0.r. maker's works, Is-Is 9d. Diethyl Phthalate. In drums, 10 tons, per MANCHESTER:Per gal., Is 3d-Is 8d. in coating compounds which must pass ton, £201; 45-gal. 1-4 drums, £207. Cresylic Acid. Pale 991100%. per gal., through a fixcd clearance in processing Dimethyl Phthalate. In drums. 10 tons, 7s 9d D/d UK in bulk: Pale ADF, equipment. per ton, dld, £194; 45-gal. 1-4 drums, per imperial gallon f.0.b. UK, 8s; per f 7nn US gallon, c.i.f. NY, 103.50 cents freight Special Diisocyanates ~ioiiy;'~hthalate.In drums, 10 tons, did, equalised. Victor Blagden and Co. Ltd., Planta- per ton, £287; 45-gal. 1-4 drums, £293. Naphtha. Solvent, 90/160", per gal., 5s 3d. tion House, Mincing Lane, London Ether BSS. I-ton lots, drums extra, per Ib., heavy, 90/190", for bulk 1.000-gal. lots, E..C.3. are now looking after the interests Is Ild. dld, per gal., 4s Id. Drums extra; of the Carwin Co.. North Haven, Con- higher prices for smaller lots. Ethyl Acetate. 10-ton lots, d/d, £137. necticut, U.S., for thcir special diiso- Ethyl Alcohol Fermentation grade (PBF Naphthalene. Crude, 4-ton lots. in buyers' 66 0.p.). Over 300,000 p. gal., 3s IOfd; hags. nominal, according to m.p.: £22- cyanates used in the production of poly- d/d in tankers, 2,500-10.000 p. gal. £30; hot pressed, bulk, ex-works, £40; urethane rigid and flexible foams and per p. gal., 4s Ofd. Djd in 40145-gal. refined crystals, did min. 4-1011 lots, polyurethane coatings. PAP1 (poly- drums, p.p.g. extra, 2d. £65-£68. methylene polyphenylisocyanate) and Absolute alcohol (74.5 o.p.), p.p.g. Pitch. Medium soft, home trade, f.0.r. TODI (bitolylene diicocyanate) are parti- extra. 2d. suppliers' works, £10 10s; export trade, cularly recommended for the manufac- Methanol. Pure synthetic, d/d, £40. f.o.b. suppliers' port, about £ 12. Pyridine. 901160, per gal., 20s about. ture of heat-resistant infusible poly- Methylated Spirit. Industrial 66' 0.p.: urethane rigid and Rexible foams which 500-gal. and up, d/d in tankers, per gal., Toluol. Pure, per gal., 5s 2d; 90's 2,000 gal. 5s 71d; 100-499 gal. in drums, did per in bulk, per gal., 5s Od. have good mechanical strength. gal., 6s Old-6s 2&d.Pyridinised 66' 0.p.: MANCHESTER:Pure, naked, per gal., It is further stated that PAP1 ic also 500 gal. and up, in tankers, did, per gal., 5s 6d. used as a ' back-bone' for polyurethane 5s I Id; 100-499 gal. in drums, d/d, per Xylole. According to grade, in 1,000-gal. foams and the polyurethane coatings gal., 6s 4d-6s 6d. lots, d/d London area in bulk, per gal., produced with PAPI and TODI give Methyl Ethyl Ketone. All d/d. in 40145-gal. 5s 5d-5s 7d. harder and more solvent-resistant coat- drums, under 1 ton, £143 10s; 1-5 tons, ings than those obtained with toluene £138 10s; 5-10 tons, £136 10s; 10 tons INTERMEDIATES AND DYES diisocyanate. and up, £143; in 400-gal. tank wagons, (Prices Normal) £ 134 10s. Nitrogen and Hydrogen Plants Methyl isoButyI Carhinol. All d/d. In 5-gal. m-Cresol 981100%. I0 cwt. lots d/d, per Nitrogen plants designed to give e~ther drums, £203; in 10-gal. drums, £193; Ib., 4s 9d. 40-45 gal. drums, less than I ton, £168; o-Cresol 3013loC. Did, per Ib., Is. pure nitrogen or nitrogen with controlled 1-9 tons, £165; 10 tons and over, £163; p-Cresu134/35"C. I0 cwt. lots d/d, per lb., 5s. amounts of additives. using town's gas. in 400-gal. tank wagons, £160. Dichloraniline. Per Ib., 4s 6d. coke oven gac. L.P.G., blast furnace gas, Methyl isoButyl Ketone. All did. In 5-gal. Dinitrobenzene. 88199"C., per Ib., 2s Id. light gas oil or kerosene as fuel, are drums, £209; in 10-gal. drums, £199; Dinitrotoluene. Drums extra. SP I5"C., described in a new pamphlet issued by in 40145-eal. drums. under 1 ton. £174: per Ib.. 2s I id; SP 26°C.. per Ib., Is 5d; the lncande~cent Heat Co. Ltd., Corn- 1-5 tons,-£171; 5-10 tons, £170; i0 tons SP 33°C.. per Ib., Is Qd; SP 66168°C.. wall Road. Smethwick, Birmingham. Also and up, £169; in 400-gal. tank wagons, per Ib., 2s Id. described is a hydrogen plant consisting £ 166. p-Nitraniline. Per lb., 5s Id. Nitrobenzene. Spot, 90 gal. drums (drums of reformer, shift qtages and CO, re- soPropyl Acetate. 10 tons, d/d, 45-gal. moval system. drums £132. extra), I-ton lots, did, per Ib., IOd. isoPropy1 Alcohol. Small lots: 5-gal. Nitronaphthalene. Per Ib., 2s 54d. Tower Packings drums. £1 18: 10-eat. drums. £108: 40145- o-Toluidine. 8-10 cwt. drums (drums extra). per Ib, Is Ild. Hy-Contact tower packings, which in- gal. drums: 'lessthan I ion, £83; ' 1-9 tons, £81; 10-50 tons, £80 10s; 50 tons p-l'oluidine. In casks, per Ib., 6s Id. clude Intalox saddles, Pall rings, Lessing and up, £80. Dimethylauiline. Drums extra, c.p., per Ib. rings and Raschig rings in various 3s 2d. materials, are the subject of an illus- trated folder issued by Hydronyl Ltd.. 14 RUBBER CHEMICALS New Fast Curing Gloucester Road, London S.W.7. Tables show the range of sizes and materials Carbon Disulphide. According to quality, Polyester Resin £61-£67. :~v;lilablc. Carbon Black. GPF: Ex-store, Swansea. Beck. Roller and Co. (England) Ltd.. Min. 3-ton lots, one delivery, 6$d per North Site, Speke, Liverpool 24, have Titanium Pump Ib.; min. I-ton lots and up to 3-tons, introduced Filabond 8084, a new poly- Carl Setterwall and Co. AB, Stock- one delivery, 7d per Ib.; ex-store, ester resin that is said to cure very holm. have been appointed Swedish Manchester, London and Glasgow, 7fd rapidly, allowing moulds to be cleared agents for the range of Gush pumps in per Ib. HAF: ex-store, Swansea; Min. more frequently than when using con- titanium offered by Appleton and 3-ton lots, one delivery, 7$d per Ib.; min. ventional polyester resins. The resin was Howard Ltd.. Salisbury, St. Helen's. I-ton lots and up to 3-tons, one delivery, 8d per Ib. Ex-store Manchester, London developed by the parent Reichhold Lancs (see C.A.. 27 May, p. 850). In and Glasgow, 81d per Ib ISAF: Chemicals Group, U.S.. and it is said addition to titanium, the ag~ement Ex-store Swansea, min. 3-ton lots in one that the rapid cure is associated with the covers the whole range of materials of delivery, 9fd per Ib., min. I-ton lots and use of 'booster ' systems which accelerate construction in which the Guch pump is up to 3-tons in one delivery, 10d per Ib. the process of polymerisation. available and in demand. 24 June 1%1 CHEMICAL AGE 1 1047

\ Manufactured...... - .. . . - bv - BRITISH HYDROOARBIDN CHEMICALS LIMITED Supplle~d In stainlesr steel lined rl oad tankers and tin lined drums CllA I.., "V'Y Y) THE DIIItllLERS COM PAMY UMITEC- CHEMICA1 DIVISION - .. I -ales Omce Devonshire House, Mayfair Place, Piccadilly, London, W1 Teleph one: MAYfair DIV London Telex *A rmdo l dark of British H"dI

24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE 1 1049 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS CLASSIFIED RATES : All scctions 5d. per word. Minimum a/-. Three or more insertions 4d. per word. Box Number 21- extra. SEMI-DISPLAY : 30,'- per inch. Three or more insertions 251- per inch.

EDUCATIONAL PLANT AND MACHINERY FOR SALE: continued

UNIVERSIT'Y COLLEGE 01' NOKI'H STAI'FORDSHIHE Phone 55298 Staines RESEARCH STUDENTSHIP IN CHEMISTRY STAINLESS STEEL PLANT Applict~ntsfor this Studentshipsho~~ld have a good Honours Degree S.S. Tanks 500, 400 and 220 galls. Cyl. Conical Bottoms. includ~ngChemistry. Thc succe\sIi~lapplicant will he expectcd % S.S. Mixlng Tank-300 galls. A.C. read fkr a lhighcr degree working 1111 prohlems rclatcd to C;~t~on~c S.S. J:lc. P:~steurisers!Mixcrs50. 100 and 150 galls. I'olymcrisatio~~under Dr. 1'. tl. I'le\c11. Stipend not less then f400 S.S. Rcct. Tanks 850 and 450 galls. p.a. Applications from this ycar's gr;~du;lnds and from chemist.\ S.S. Spherical Still 6 ft. 6 in. diam. In industl-y or abroad ;Ire wclcomc. Applicants shoi~ldsend ;I S.S. Duplex '2' Mixer (Vacuum) 3 ft. by 3 fl. by 3 ft. deep. brici curriculum vitae and n:lmcr or ~worckrecs to the Registrar. S.S. Worm Conveyor-Trough 10 ft. by 5 in. by 5 in. The Collcge, Kccle, Staffs.. England. :IS roon ;IS pos.;ible, and not S.S. Homogcniscr 1 H.P. 1,000 p.s.i. 25 g.p.h. Ixter than 8th July, 1961. S.S. 'Hurrcll' Homogeniser 5 H.P. 40013150. Glass Lined Tanks 1.300, 2.000, 3,000. 3,250 and 3,600 galls. (2) .lackcled Class Lined Tanks 2,000 galls. each. PATENTS & TRADE MARKS Mixers. Hydros, Condensers, Stills. Iletorts, Reactors, etc. Send for Lists. KINGS PATENT AGENCY, LTD. (13. T. King, A.I.Mech.E., HARRY H. CARDAM & CO. LTD., I'atent Agent), 14Ga Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.4. IOU CHURCH STREET, STAINES. City 61 61. I%ookleton request.

PLANT AND MACHINERY FOR SALE PUBLIC APPOINTMENTS

Baker-Perkins Clncs 1313 "Double Nohen" Bladed Steam Jacketed Mixers. Four-sire I? and ~hree-size I 1, of 20 and 8 gallons RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS respcctively. ...in Oil Jacketed Double Trough Mixcr 48 in. by 36 in. by 29 in. deep. Paddle Bl:~dcs. Bottom Outlets. GOVERNMENT SCIENTIFIC ESTABLISHMENTS Rarron 'U' Sifter Mixer 96 in. hv 33 in. I)v 33 in. with 10 H.P Tenable for three years A.C. Motor. Value f 1.325-£1.640 p.a (Senior) and £910-f1.220 p.;~. (Junior). Gardncr ,U. SiRct--Mircrg 66 in. 24 in, by 24 in, with MATHEMATICS, A.C. Motors. Four av;~il:~hle,of modern streamlined design. A very wide range of topics in PHYSICS. BlOLOGYand Other "Ids. Horizontal 'U' Trougll Mixers 48 in, by 18 in,by 22 in, TIlree- CHEMISTRY. T~ltingtype. 1':lddle Ul:~des. Glanded. Qualifications: normally tirsl or second class honours degrcc; o~~~-A~~~~~i~.~l~d~.~il~i,,~,30 gallon ~i~~~~ with 3 ~.p, evidence of high standard of ability in research; and at least 2 Geared Motors. Fivc av:~ilahle. years' post-graduate research experience (3 years for Senior Lying at our No. 2 Depot, Willow Tree wo,ks, fjwallowfie[d, Fellowships). Those completing these periods of experience in Berkshire. 1061 m:~y ;~pply. F.S.S.U. Writc Civil Servlcc Commission. 17 Apply: Winkworth Machinery Lis~ited,65 High Street, Staines, North Audley Strccl. London, W.I. for application form. quoting Middlesex. 'Tclcphone 55951. S '5244,'61.

SITUATIONS VACANT I I ANALYTICAL ASSISTANT

A young man agcd 20-30 with G.C.E. .A' level chemistry or O.N.C. and at least one year's experience of analytical work is required for the an;~lytic;~ldepartnlent of the control laboratory of a rapidly expanding chemical company in N.W. London. Starting salary will be approximately £700 per annunl depending on qualifications and experience. Excellent prospccls for ambitious young man capable of inlproving his technical knowledge. Applications giving full details of age, qualifications and present salary should be sent in confidence to Per~onnelManager Box No. 3756, Chumical Age.

BOX NUMBERS : Reply c/o " Chemlcal Age " Bouverie House . Fleet Street EC4. , CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961

FOR SALE FOR SALE: continued

Unused Sterilizers or Vacuum Ovens, 17 in. by 40 in. long. Quick- Lock Door. Steam Jacketed. All Fittings, Gauges, etc. Unused Stainless Steel 50 gallon Jacketed Pans. 30 Ibs. 0.s.i. W.P. COMPLETE BALL MILL GRINDING PLANT by International It in. Bottom Outlet. - Combustion, comprising 8 ft. i48 in. chrome steel lined Hardinge Several Double 'Z'and 'Fin' Bladed Mixers, various sizes. Please Ball Mill driven by 220 h.p. motor, with vertical 10 ft. dia. feed state requirements. hopper, constant weight belt feeder, 7 ft. dia. steel cyclone, 6 ft. Lying: Willow Tree Works, Swa'lowfield, Berks. 6 in. dia. double cone separator, motor driven fan, etc. Apply: Winkworth Machinery Ltd., 65 High Street, Staines. Telephone 55951. TWIN ROLL BUFLOVAK DRIER by Consolidated Products of U.S.A., rolls 100 in. x 32 in., suitable 100 p.s.i. w.p. Drive through reduction gearing from 5 h.p. 40013150 cycles motor. Roll speed approx. 5 r.p.m.. take off speed approx. 40 f.p.m. Fitted adjustable scraper knives and aluminium hood. TWO AVAILABLE. TWIN CYLINDER DRIER by Simon, 82 in. x 28 in., complete CHARCOAL, ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE. Horticultural with gearbox, vee belt drive by 15 h.p. motor and starter, grinding burninn. filterinn. disinfectine. medicinal. Also' lumns. &.round knives and available spares. and granulated. -THOMAS AILL-JONES, INVICTA W~RK~ BOW COMMON LANE, LONDON, E.3 (TELEPHONE: ROTARY DRIER by Manlove Alliott, 23 ft. 6 in. x 6 ft. dia. with EAST 3285). extra 6 ft. panelled section with Q in. screens. Shell ) in. mild steel welded construction with lifting flights. Mounted on rocker type trunnion rollers arranged for drive through girth gear and pinion. With 6 ft. dia. mild steel cyclone, screen discharge hood and 24 in. dia. paddle blade fan, main driving and fan motors available. VACUUM OVEN by Francis Shaw, 6 ft. 3 in. high x 7 ft. 10 in. back to front x 5 ft. 1 in. wide internally, platens of welded construction and heavy swing door each end having four corner wheel operated swing clamps. Usual flanged connections to internal headers with swan neck connections to platens. THREE Flame proof oil immersed floor mounting ClRCUIT 15 platen cast iron construction, TWO 12 platen cast iron con- BREAKERS by Metropolitan Vickers, for 440 volts, struction, TWO 12 platen steel construction. 3 phase, 50 cycles supply, groups I and 2 gases. CONTINUOUS HORIZONTAL TROUGH MIXER, Gardner type, 25 ft. 6 in. x 5 ft. x 5 ft. 8 in. deep trough constructed 4 in. sizes 300 amp., 200 amp., 150 amp., 60 amp. and mild steel welded plate with ribbed end plates extended to form support with two additional equally spaced cradles. Agitator shaft 40 amp. 24 in. dia. tube x 1 in. thick with 47 steel arms set at 90 deg. with bolted on cast iron paddles. End discharge with adjustable slide. Drive through gearing from 75 h.p. 41513150 cycles motor with George Cohen Sons & Co. Ltd., starter and switchgear. Stanningley, Nr. Leeds. Model No. 6 ROT0 CUBE MIXER, stainless steel construction, (Pudsey 2241). 4 ft. cube, with bolted on cover, feed port and discharge connec- tion. Mounted in ball bearing pedestals with vee belt drive from Cogan Street, Pollokshaws, Glasgow S.3. 74 h.p. 400/44013150 cycles motor with starter. (Langside 6131). MILD STEEL HORIZONTAL JACKETED AUTOCLAVE 4 ft. dia. x 4 ft. 6 in. long on straight with 9 in. dished end of $ in: and 4 in. plate construction, swing door one end. Supported on two mild steel cradles, with pipework, valves and control panels, two motorised Wet Vacuum Pumps, and two motorised Water WORK WANTED & OFFERED Circulating Pumps.

No. 7 SWEETLAND PRESSURE FILTER by Dorr Oliver, filter CRUSHING, GRINDING, MIXING and DRYING for the trade body cast iron construction, 2 ft. 1 in. dia. x 6 ft. 10 in. long THE CRACK PULVERISING MILLS LTD. internally, 20 mild steel woven wire leaves spaced at 4 in. with sight glass connections. Suitable 50 p.s.i. w.p. Plantation House, Mincing Lane, CENTRIFUGAL EXTRACTOR by Broadbent, 48 in. dia. x 16 in. London, E.C.2. deep, mild steel lift out type perforated basket, motorised 40013150 cycles, with starter and push button control. Extractor fitted hand brake, hinged lid with interlock, with spare basket. STAINLESS STEEL BUBBLE CAP COLUMN, fabricated FMB grade with mild steel backing flanges. Column in five main sections each with five trays and ten bubble caps per tray. Main sections each having one flat division tray and four dished trays I Turn your surplus equipment connected by rods and distance tubes bolted together. TWO AVAILABLE. into cash ! UNUSED DEHUMIDIFYING UNIT by York Shipley, comprising : York Twin-cylinder Freon-12 Compressor, condenser, liquid A buyer for any plant which you now regard as receiver, valves, evaporator, etc. 5 h.p. motor, capacitors, circuit obsolete can be found through the Classieed breakers, pressure switches, etc. Complete in mild steel framework. Advertisement Section of Chemical Age. TWELVE AVAILABLE. A small ad', costing only a few shillings will GEORGE COHEN be seen by potential users, not only in the U.K. Sons & Co. Ltd. but also in those overseas countries where Wood Lane, London, W.12 second-hand plant is given a new lease of life. (Shepherds Bush 2070) ' Stanningley, Nr. Leeds Full details of advertisement rates will be (Pudsey 2241) found at the top of page 1049.

CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961

I Chemical !I

ENQUIRY i I SERVICE 1 !

No Postage Stamp necessary il posted in Great Britain Northern Ireland This is a spccial service for i readers of n 5 CHEMlCAL AGE t f, -I I P It is dcsigried to give fuller infornlntiorz on equipment, 3 E CHEMICAL AGE apparatus, chemicals etc., : merztioned in this issue- , ~vhether in the editorial text i LONDON. LC4 I or in an advertisetr~mt I I I I I Cur out the whole of this page, fold as instructed with post- 1 paid address on the outside i I I

I I Chemical Age j 154 Fleet Street, London, E.C.4. j Tel.: Fleet Street 3212 1

I I 24 June 1961 CHEMICAL AGE b iii

is yours a DECOLOURISING problem

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HIGHLY ACTIVATED DECOLOURISING CARBON

its THE CLEAR SOLUTION

THE CLYDESDALE CHEMICAL GO.. LTD. . 142 QUEEN STREET, G LASGOW, C. I. 1 Phone Central 5247-8 Groms "Cactus" Glosgow. b CHEMICAL AGE 24 June 1961

ULTRASORB ACTIVATED CARBONS are I available -for the recovery of most indu-strial solvent;, benxole extraction, water purification and other gas Full details will gladly be supplied by and liquid phase applications BRITISH CARBO NORIT UNION LIMITED LQNDON ROAD, WEST THURROCK, GRAYS, ESSEX Cobles : 'BRICARBUN GRAYS' Telephone: GRAYS THURROCK 4845 CARBO-UNION-WHESSOE Activated Carbon Recovery Plant for the purification of gases and the recovery of vapour phase solvents

WH ESSOE LTD. DARLINGTON CO. DURHAM Cobles: WHESSOE DARLINGTON Jel: DARLINGTON 68681 London Ofice : 40 BROADWAY, S.W.1 Jel: WHITEHALL 6034

C J B experience and interest in Chemical, Engineering is world-wide. The company has been responsible for both engineering and construction of many successful projects throughout the world. By arrangement with leading British, American and Continental manufacturers, C J B can offer a wide range of complete processes ' and plant for various industries, including Petrochemicals, Plasticisers and Resins. Edible Oils, Fermentation. v CJB adds the 3rddimension

CONSTRUCTORS JOHN BROWX LIMITED. d nrcmbcr oJ'lh(%JII~II Ilwccrt Grolrp CJB IIOUSE, EASTBOURNE TERRACE, PADDINGTON, EONDON, W.2 Telephohone :AMBASSADOR8080. Telex 25356 Cobler : CIVANIC, LOIVDON also at hfANCIIfi;STLR, MLLUOUHSE B TEHERAN.

Rinlcd in tirut Britain by THEPam AT COOMBELANDSLm., Addlestone, Surrey, and published by BENN BROTHERSLTD.. at Bouveric House. 154 Fleet Stret. E.C.4. Registered at the General Post Office. Entered as Second Class Matter at Ule New York U.S.A.. Post Officc.