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Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 1998 [FR106]

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Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 1998 [FR106] World Summit for Children Indicators: Ghana 1998 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ BASIC INDICATORS Value _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Childhood mortality Infant mortality rate (adjusted rate) 57 per 1,000 Under-five mortality rate 108 per 1,000 Childhood undernutrition Percent stunted 26 Percent wasted 10 Percent underweight 25 Clean water supply Percent of households within 15 minutes of a safe water supply1 49 Sanitary excreta disposal Percent of households with flush toilets or VIP latrines 33 Iodised salt Percent of households using iodised salt 27 Basic education Percent of women 15-49 with completed primary education 57 Percent of men 15-49 with completed primary education 75 Percent of girls 6-12 attending school 76 Percent of boys 6-12 attending school 76 Percent of women 15-49 who are literate 56 Children in especially Percent of children who are orphans (both parents dead) 0.4 difficult situations Percent of children who do not live with their natural mother 22 Percent of children who live in single adult households 19 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ SUPPORTING INDICATORS _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Women's Health Birth spacing Percent of births within 24 months of a previous birth2 13 Safe motherhood Percent of births with medical prenatal care 88 Percent of births with prenatal care in first trimester 39 Percent of births with medical assistance at delivery 44 Percent of births in a medical facility 43 Percent of births at high risk 52 Family planning Contraceptive prevalence rate (any method, currently married women) 22 Percent of currently married women with an unmet demand for family planning 23 Percent of currently married women with an unmet need for family planning to avoid a high-risk birth 17 Nutrition Maternal nutrition Percent of mothers with low BMI 11 Low birth weight Percent of births at low birth weight (of those reporting numeric weight) 9 Breastfeeding Percent of children under 4 months who are exclusively breastfed 36 Child Health Vaccinations Percent of children whose mothers received tetanus toxoid vaccination during pregnancy 81 Percent of children 12-23 months with measles vaccination 73 Percent of children 12-23 months fully vaccinated 62 Diarrhoea control Percent of children with diarrhoea in preceding 2 weeks who received oral rehydration therapy (sugar-salt-water solution) 32 Acute respiratory infection Percent of children with acute respiratory infection in preceding 2 weeks who were taken to a health facility or provider 26 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Excludes surface water 2 First births are excluded Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 1998 Ghana Statistical Service Accra, Ghana Macro International Inc. Calverton, Maryland, USA October 1999 The 1998 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) is part of the worldwide MEASURE DHS+ Project, designed to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health. Additional information about the 1998 GDHS may be obtained from the Ghana Statistical Service, P.O. Box 1098, Accra, Ghana (Telephone: 663578 or 665441; Fax: 667069 or 664304). Additional information about the MEASURE DHS+ project may be obtained from Macro International Inc., 11785 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD (Telephone: 301-572-0200; Fax: 301-572-0999; E-mail: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.macroint.com/dhs/). Recommended citation: Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) and Macro International Inc. (MI). 1999. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 1998. Calverton, Maryland: GSS and MI. CONTENTS Page Tables............................................................................ vii Figures............................................................................xi Foreword .........................................................................xiii Acknowledgments .................................................................. xv Summary of Findings............................................................... xvii Map of Ghana .................................................................... xxii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 1.1 Geography, History and Economy .......................................... 1 1.2 Demographic Profile .................................................... 2 1.3 Population and Reproductive Health Programmes ............................. 2 1.4 Objectives and Organisation of the Survey ................................... 3 1.5 Sample Design ......................................................... 4 1.6 Questionnaires ......................................................... 4 1.7 Training and Fieldwork .................................................. 5 1.8 Coverage of the Sample .................................................. 6 CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND RESPONDENTS ............ 7 2.1 Demographic Characteristics of Households .................................. 7 2.2 Household Composition .................................................. 9 2.3 Educational Level of Household Members .................................. 11 2.4 Housing Characteristics ................................................. 14 2.5 Background Characteristics of Respondents ................................. 16 2.6 Educational Level of Survey Respondents .................................. 18 2.7 Access To Mass Media ................................................. 19 2.8 Women’s Status ....................................................... 19 CHAPTER 3 FERTILITY ......................................................... 27 3.1 Current Fertility ....................................................... 27 3.2 Fertility Differentials ................................................... 28 3.3 Trends in Fertility ..................................................... 29 3.4 Pregnancy Outcome .................................................... 30 3.5 Children Ever Born and Living ........................................... 32 3.6 Birth Interval ......................................................... 33 3.7 Age at First Birth ..................................................... 35 3.8 Adolescent Fertility .................................................... 36 iii Page CHAPTER 4 FERTILITY REGULATION ........................................... 39 4.1 Knowledge of Contraception ............................................. 39 4.2 Knowledge of Source ................................................... 41 4.3 Ever Use of Contraception ............................................... 41 4.4 Current Use of Contraceptive Method ...................................... 43 4.5 Trends in Contraceptive Use ............................................. 48 4.6 Number of Children at First Use .......................................... 48 4.7 Use of Social Marketing Brands .......................................... 49 4.8 Sources of Supply of Methods ............................................ 50 4.9 Future Use of Contraception ............................................. 51 4.10 Reasons for Nonuse .................................................... 52 4.11 Preferred Method ...................................................... 52 4.12 Exposure to Family Planning Messages .................................... 53 4.13 Acceptability of Family Planning Messages on the Radio and Television .......... 54 4.14 Exposure to Family Planning Messages Through the Print Media ................ 55 4.15 Discussion of Family Planning Between Spouses ............................. 56 4.16 Attitudes of Couples Toward Family Planning ............................... 57 CHAPTER 5 OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY ................ 59 5.1 Marital Status ......................................................... 59 5.2 Polygyny ............................................................ 60 5.3 Age at First Marriage ................................................... 62 5.4 Age At First Sexual Intercourse ........................................... 63 5.5 Recent Sexual Activity ................................................. 65 5.6 Postpartum Amenorrhoea, Abstinence and Insusceptibility ..................... 68 5.7 Termination of Exposure to Pregnancy ..................................... 70 CHAPTER 6 FERTILITY PREFERENCES .......................................... 71 6.1 Desire for More Children ................................................ 71 6.2 Need for Family Planning Services ........................................ 74 6.3 Ideal Family Size ...................................................... 77 6.4 Wanted and Unwanted Fertility ........................................... 79 CHAPTER 7 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY .................................... 81 7.1 Assessment of Data Quality .............................................. 81 7.2 Levels and Trends in Infant and Child Mortality .............................. 82 7.3 Socio-economic Differentials in Mortality .................................. 84 7.4 Demographic Differentials in Mortality .................................... 85 7.5 Perinatal Mortality ..................................................... 87 7.6 High-Risk Fertility Behaviour ............................................ 87 iv Page CHAPTER 8 MATERNAL AND
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