1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECbRD-HOUSE- - 3587. Nathaniel Lancaster, Jr., to be Forei.gri Sei-vice officer of HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES class 8 and' consul. Cecil B. Lyon to be Foreign Service officer of class 8 and MONDAY, APRIL 19, 1937· consul. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. John J. Macdonald to be Foreign Service officer of class 8 The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., and consul. offered the following prayer: Walter P. McConaughy to be Foreign Service officer of class 8 and consul. Heavenly Father, spirit of grace, incline our hearts to keep Robert Newbegin, 2d, to be Foreign Service officer of class Thy law. We open our needs to Thee; forgive us our sins. 8 and consul. So often our energies surge in uneasy conflict; we pray that Calvin Hawley Oakes to be Foreign Service officer of class they may be made subservient to a vigorous will and serv­ - 8 and consul. ants of a tender conscience. Almighty God, Thy hand was John B. Ocheltree to be Foreign Service officer of class 8 in the founding of the fortunes of our Republic; we bow at and consul. its altar and do homage to its ideals, its glorious company Edward Page, Jr., to be Foreign Service officer of class 8 of apostles and martyrs of human liberty. May we ever and consul. cherish it as our home, and may it remain the shrine of our James K. Penfield to be Foreign Service officer of class 8 hearts. The blessings of a merciful Father rest with the no­ and consul. table organization which is the present guest of our city. Arthur R. Ringwalt to be Foreign Service officer of class 8 Bless our whole land with enduring God-fearing men and and consul. women. 0 send a flush of gratitude through all breasts and Gerald Warner to be Foreign Service officer of class 8 and let Columbia become the crown of our unfulfilled lives and consul. hopes. We pray that this new week may be a rich oppor­ Kenneth J. Yearns to be Foreign Service officer of class 8 tunity ~or our Speaker and Congress for serving, sharing, and consul. and learning. Through Christ. Amen. Eric C. Wendelin to be Foreign Service officer of class 8 and The Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, April 15, consul 1937, was read and approved. POSTMASTERS MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE ALABAMA A message from the Senate, by Mr. Frazier, its legislative Mrs. Alba M. King, Newton. clerk, announced that the Senate had passed a bill of the Annie M. McCane, Repton. · following title, in which the concurrence of the House is Thomas 0. Smith, Jr., Wilsonville. requested: · CALIFORNIA S.l131. An act to amend the part of the act entitled "An act making appropriations for the naval service for the· Jack W. Lands, Diamond Spring. fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, and for other purposes", FLORIDA approved June 4, 1920, relating to the conservation, care, Walter Edward Clark, Fruitland Park. custody, protection, and operation of the naval petroleum Horace J. Charles, Oxford. and oil-shale reserves. Matilda R. Pasteur, Silver Springs. The message also announced that the Senate had passed with amendments, in which the concurrence of the HouSe GEORGIA is requested, a bill of the House of the following title: Judge T. D. Conley, College Park. H. R. 5966. An act making appropriations for the legisla- · Mrs. Hubert H. Berry, Sparta. tive branch of the Government for the fiscal year ending MASSSACHUSET'lS June 30, 1938, and for other purpose$. John Eugene Madigan, Warren. The message also announced that the Senate insists upon MINNESOTA its amendments to the foregoing bill, requests a conference with the House thereon, and appoints Mr. TYDINGS, Mr. Howard 0. Haggberg, Isle. Ole E. Nelson, Marietta. BYRNES, Mr. ADAMS, Mr. McCARRAN, and Mr. liALB to be the George Neumann, Osseo. conferees on the part of the Senate. EXTENSION OF REMARKS MISSOURI Mr. MILLER asked and was given permission to extend hJs James A. Parrett, Elmer. own remarks in the RECORD. Jesse H. Parsons, Otterville. James D. Evans, Stoutland. PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSB Frank E. Lafferty, Trenton. Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that Ethel L. Lauderdale, Wellington. on next Wednesday after the reading of the Journal and the NEW JERSEY disposition of business on the Speaker's table I may be per­ mitted to address the House for 15 minutes. AnnaT. Hues, Demarest. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Paul N. Hindenach, Riegelsville. gent~man from Kentucky? Mary F. Brophy, Skillman. There was no objection. John P. Ryan, Warren Point. NEW YORK WORLD'S FAIR, 1939 NEW MEXICO Mr. O'CONNOR of New York, from the Committee on Charles E. Gibbs, Madrid. Rules, submitted the following report

~------J 3590 _CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 19 to outlaw sit-down strikes that I desire to make a statement raised the expenses and the taxes and the debt of the Nation beyond all precedent, and have helped lead Vermont a little way with respect to the matter. along the same path." Mr. Speaker, yesterday there came to me from the city of Stating it in more detail, Federal policies, such as the Social Elizabeth, N. J ., an editorial clipping from one of the Eliza­ Security Act, have made it a virtual obligation of States to en­ beth papers, so far as I am able to identify it. · act similar laws and make State appropriations to match the sums set aside by the Federal Congress. This may be a good While some of you may feel that some statements which thing, may in fact, be as desirable as the matching of funds for are made therein are fulsome and slightly exaggerated, I highways and relief purposes, but no one would deny for a mo­ trust you will make due allowance for the patriotism and ment that a very large proportion of the funds that must be raised by taxation in Vermont come primarily from Federal legis­ enthusiasm of the writer and believe me when I say that all lation. he says is more than substantially correct and true. The So perhaps Governor Aiken's suggestion has a pretty solid editorial with its caption reads as follows: foundation in fact. Certainly taxpayers who so enthusiastically voted for the New Deal and its leaders last November have VERMONT: THERE SHE STANDS stopped lati~ing at Vermont for some time, and even Maine no In the ruck of problems, economic upsets, government waste longer seems to arouse uproarious mirth. and muddling, moral and spiritual devastation, there are many Americans who look longingly to Vermont as a promised land of CONSENT CALENDAR sanity and refuge. The SPEAKER. This is Consent Calendar day. The It is a State that has met every test of loyalty to American ideals and the American plan of government and economic management. Clerk will call the first bill on the Consent Calendar. When the Union was in peril, Vermont enlisted so many young BlUDGE . ACROSS WSSOUlU RIVER AT RULO, NEBR. men in defense of their country that its vUlages and farms were almost bled white. Its granite shafts are overcrowded with the The Clerk called the first bill on the Consent Calendar names of men who died for the Union cause on Civil War battle­ (H.· R. 192) to authorize the construction of a bridge across fields. the Missouri River at or near Rulo, Nebr. It did not withhold its quota in the days of the World War, when America was following the star of the idealism that taught us that Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent we were battling and dying to make the world safe for the kind that this bill be passed over without prejudice. of democracy Americans cherish. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the ~quest of the During the depression Vermonters seemed to hardly know a de­ gentleman from California? pression existed. They had planned and lived so well that they were ready for the economic diSaster that -threw other sections into There was no objection. confusion and plunged them in distress. PENSION TO SOLDIERS, SAILORS, AND NURSES OF THE WAR WITH Vermont depended upon its own resources when a mighty fiood SPAIN •. THE PHILIPPINE INSURRECTION, OR THE CHINA RELIEF swept that State a few years ago, and refUsed to accept the Gov­ EXPEDITION . ernment plan to boondoggle a skyway across the sweeping range of her Green Mountains. She refused that kind of despo1ling The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 5030, granting pen­ improv~ment. sions and increases of pensions. to certain soldiers, sailors, VERMONT OUTLAWS THE SIT-DOWN STJUKE and nurses of the War with Spain, the Philippine Insurrec­ And now Vermont is the first State to outlaw that new menace tion, or the China Relief Expedition, and for other purposes. to law and order and democracy, the sit-down strike. Such The Clerk read the title of the bill. methods are opposed to American principles of fair play. And Vermont is American to the core. Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that this bill be passed over without prejudice. And in the same mail, Mr. Speaker, I received a certified Mr. GASQUE. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, copy of the act of the General Assembly of the State of I hope the gentleman will not insist upon his request. This Vermont, to which reference is made in the editorial, and for bill has already been passed over without prejudice twice. the information of all concerned I am reading and am insert­ It is a very simple bill and I am sure all the Members of the ' ... ing in the REcoRD a copy of that doc~ent as received by House understand the measure. If they do not, I can ex­ me: plain everything it does in a moment and I hope the gentle­ . S. 15, an act prohibiting the conspiring of three or more persons man will not insist upon its being passed over without unlawfully to occupy, hold. and possess certain buildings against the will and without the consent of the owner or lessee thereof prejudice. It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Vermont: Mr. GASQUE. I yield. SECTION 1. If three or more persons conspire together or act in Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, my purpose in asking that concert for the purpose and with the intent, forcibly and unlaw­ the bill be passed over without prejudice is because I believe fully to occupy, hold, or possess any store, factory, mill, plant, garage, or any parts thereof, against the will and without the this is too important a piece of legislation for us to take up consent of the owner, lessee, or management thereof, each person by unanimous consent. It is my thought this bill should so offending shall be imprisoned not more than 2 years or fined properly come up on Calendar Wednesday, when the Com­ not more than $1,000. SEc. 2. This act shall take effect from its passage. mittee on Pensions may have the call. My reason for sug­ WM. H. WILLS, gesting this is because I feel the bill will establish a prece­ President of the Senate. dent; which, if granted to the Spanish War veterans, will in Moa'I'IliiiElt R. PRocToR, turn ·have to be granted in due course of time to the veterans Speaker of the House of .Representatives. of the World War. There is also a very serious dispute in Approved, April 9, 1937. GEORGE D . .AIKEN, Governor. the testimony with respect to the amount of money that.)\Till be involved by this bill. It is represented it will only cost Incidentally and finally my attention has been called to the Government some $4,876,000. However, the Veterans' an editorial of Monday, April 12, which appeared in the Administration has given evidence to show it will cost Rutland Herald, of Rutland, Vt., which I think will be of $9,682,000 the first year, and it is going to affect a large interest, so I am going to read it to you: number of veterans who are not now in need of relief or of AIKEN TELLS CONGllESS pensions and who will be automatically put upon the pension Vermont got on the front page of the New York Times when Gov. George D. Aiken, replying to an inquiry by United States rolls because of the passage of this legislation. Senator JAMES F. BYRNES, pointed out Vermont's small bonded It is my thought that the mere reaching of the age of 65 debt and its steady reduction year by year. Governor Aiken gave years by veterans of the Spanish-American War should not the information and added: · necessarily entitle such veterans to pensions. If the veteran "I strongly recommend that Congress legislate more Vermont practices into Government of the United States. Can furnish is disabled and is in need of a pension, his situation is differ­ able consultants if requested." ent, but when he has no disability of any character, to place Vermonters who face considerably increased taxes and a steadily such a man on the pension roll just because he is 65 years of rising cost of State government may wonder whether the execu­ if tive's confidence in the State may be slightly optim.tistic. It is age, to my mind, is unwarranted, and carried out in this true, however, that fundamentally Vermont is in a very strong instance, will be followed as a precedent to grant the same financial situation, is abundantly able to pay its way, and its pensions to World War veterans when they attain the age credit standing is first class. of 65. In addition to increasing the amount of pension to· As for the high cost of government, the Bennington Banner points out "that the Democrats in the Vermont Legislature seem those now on the rolls, it will also grant a definite $100 a to forget that it is their party policies and demands that have month to any veteran who is in need of an attendant. 1937 (JONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3591 These are matters which I think should be discussed at The Clerk read as follows: some length on the floor. The Members should be apprised Be it enacted, etc., That pursuant to the terms of a. contract of the entire situation and should give the matter due con­ approved by the First Assistant Secretary of the Interior July 3, 1933, between Fred Lookout, principal chief of the Osage Tribe sideration. Then if the House desires to establish this of Indians, and certain attorneys therein named, and modified precedent and desires to put into effect such legislation, that pursuant to Osage Council Resolution No. 21, dated June 24, 1935, is a matter for the judgment of the Congress; but I do not there is hereby authorized to be expended from any funds col­ think this measure should be considered here on Consent lected as a result of any suit or suits brought under said con­ tract such s:um as may be necessary to pay the fee provided for Calendar day and passed in a matter of a few moments. the attorneys so employed, not to exceed 12~ percent of such Mr. GASQUE. Mr. Speaker, in reply to what the gentle­ amount as may be recovered and collected for the Osage Tribe, as man from California has just stated, I may say this is not provided 1n the terms of the contract. establishing any precedent. This precedent has alreadY Mr. COSTElLO. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following been established and in much larger amounts than this. amendment, which I send to the desk and ask to have read. With regard to the cost of the bill, I think if the gentle­ The Clerk read as follows: man will look at the record, as placed 1n the report, he will Amendment by Mr. CosTELLo: Page 1, line 12, strike out "12%" find the cost is a good deal less. General Hines stated it and insert "10." might cost the amount stated by the gentleman, provided all The amendment was agreed to; and the bill as amended the veterans who are entitled to a pension applied for it, was ordered to be read a third time, was read the third time, but he stated there are 25,000 Spanish-American War vet­ and passed, and a motion to reconsider was laid on the table. erans who had never applied, and he was taking those A House bill, were laid on the table. Be it enacted, etc., That the times for commencing and com­ pleting the construction of a bridge across the Potomac River, at BRIDGE ACROSS MISSOURI RIVER AT OR NEAR RULO, NEBR. or near Dahlgren, Va., authorized to be built by the George Wash­ The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 193, to extend the ington Memorial Bridge Public Corporation, its successors and assigns, by an act of Congress approved August 30, 1935, are hereby times for commencing and completing the construction of a extended 1 and 3 years, respectively, from the date of approval bridge across the Missouri River at or near Rulo, Nebr. hereof. There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as SEc. 2. The right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby follows: expressly reserved. Be it enacted., etc., That the times for commencing and com­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, pleting the construction of a bridge across the Missouri River, at was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ or near Rulo, Nebr., authorized to be built by John C. Mullen, John H. Hutchings, William Shepherd, their heirs, legal representa­ sider was laid on the table. tives, and assigns, by act of Congress approved March 4, 1933, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF A BRIDGE ACROSS THE COLUM­ heretofore extended by act of Congress approved August 23, 1935, BIA RIVER BETWEEN PUGET SOUND AND CATHLAMET, WASH. are hereby extended 1 and 3 years, respectively, from the date of approval hereof. The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 4801, authorizing the SEc. 2. The right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby county of Wahkialrum, a legal political subdivision of the expressly reserved. State of Washington, to construct, maintain, and operate a The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third free highway bridge across the Columbia River between time, was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to Puget Island and the mainland, Cathlamet, State of Wash­ reconsider was laid on the table. ington. Mr. COSTELLO. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as follows: that H. R. 192, which is similar to the bill we just passed, Be it enacted., etc., That the consent of Congress is hereby granted be laid on the table. · to the county of Wahklakum, a. legal political subdivision of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the State of Washington, its successors and assigns, to construct, main­ tain, and operate a free highway bridge and approaches thereto gentleman from California? across the Columbia River between Puget Island and the mainland, There was no objection. Cathlamet, State of Washington, at a point suitable to the interests CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE ACROSS THE RIVER BETWEEN ROCK­ of navigation, in accordance With the provisions of the act entitled omo "An act to regulate the construction of bridges over navigable PORT, IND., AND OWENSBORO, KY. waters", approved March 23, 1906, and subject to the conditions and The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 4550, to extend the llmitations contained in said act. times for commencing and completing the· construction of SEC. 2. The right to alter, amend, or repeal this act 1s hereby a bridge across the Ohio River between Rockport, Ind., and expressly reserved. Owensboro, Ky. The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, There being no objection. the Clerk read the bill, as was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ follows: sider was laid on the table. Be it enacted., etc., That the times for commencing and com­ BENTON HARBOR CANAL, MICH. pleting the construction of a bridge across the Ohio River between Rockport, Ind., and Owensboro, Ky., authorized to be built by the The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 5177, to declare the Spencer County Bridge Commlssion, by an act of Congress ap­ Benton Harbor Canal at and above the west line of Ninth proved June 18, 1934, and extended 1 and 3 years, respectively, from June 18, 1936, by an act of Congress approved April 10, 1936, Street, Benton Harbor, Mich., a nonnavigable stream. 1s again extended 1 and 3 years, respectively, from June 18, 1937. Mr. COLDEN. Mr. Speaker, I aSk unanimous consent that SEc. 2. The right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby this bill may be passed over Without objection. expressly reserved. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third gentleman from California? time, was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to There was no objection. reconsider was laid on the table. CONSTRUCTION OF A BRIDGE ACROSS THE MERRIMACK RIVER CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE ACROSS PUGET SOUND AT THE NARROWS BETWEEN HAVERHILL AND GROVELAND, MASS. • The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 4711, to extend the The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 5179, granting the con­ time for construction o1 e, bridge across Puget Sound at or sent of Congress to the County Commissioners of Essex 3596 ~ONGRESSIONAL ~ECOR~HOUSE_ APRIL 19 County, in the State of Massachusetts, to construct, Iecon­ maintain, and cperate a free highway bridge across Pearl struct, maintain, and operate a free highway bridge across River at or near Jackson, in Hinds County, Miss. the Merrimack River between the city of Haverhill and the There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as town of Groveland, Mass. follows: There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as follows: Be it enacted, etc., That the consent of Congress is hereby Be it enacted, etc., That the consent of Congr.ess is hereby granted to the State of Mississippi to construct, maintain, and granted to the County Commissioners of Essex County, in the operate a free highway bridge and approaches thereto across Pearl State of Massachusetts, and their successors and assigns, to con­ River, .at a point at or near Jackson, in Hinds County, Miss. 1n struct, reconstruct, maintain, and operate a free highway bridge accordance with the provisions of the act entitled "An act to and approaches thereto across the Merrimack River between the regulate the .construction of bridges over navigable waters", ap­ city of .Haverhill and the town ·of Groveland, in the county of proved Marcll '23, 1906, and sutiject'to the conditions and limita­ Essex, in the State of Massachusetts, at and near the location o! tions contained in this act. the existing bridge, known RS the Groveland Bridge~ in accord­ . SEc. 2. The right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby ance with the provisions of the act c,ntitled "An act to regulate expressly reserved. thc construction of bridges over navigable waters" approved March 23, 1906, and subject to the condltlons and l:imltatlons With the following committee amendment! contained in this act. Page 1, line 6, after the word "point", insert "suitable to the SEc. 2. The right to alter, amen~ or repeal this Ret 1s hereby interests .of navigation." expressly reserved. The committee amendment was agreed to. The bill was .ordered to be engrossed and read a third The bill was ordered to be engrossed :and read a third time, time, was read the third time, and passed, and .a motion to was read the third time, and passed, and a nrotion to recon­ reconsider was laid on the table. · sider was laid on the table. CONSTRUCTION OF A BRIDGE ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER rCONSTRUCTION OF TWO BRIDGES ACROSS LAKE KICHIGAN AT BETWEEN ST. LOUIS, MO., AND STITES, ILL. CHICAGO, ILL. The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 5467, to extend the The Clerk -called the next bill, H. R. 5595, to extend the times for commencing and completing the construction of time for comp1eting the construction of two bridges, one a bridge across the Mississippi River between st. Louis, Mo ... across a part of Lake Michigan at or near the entrance to and Stites, m. the Chicago River, m., and the other across the Michigan There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as fol­ Canal -o-r Ogden Slip in city of Chtcago, ru. lows: There being no objection, the Clerk read· the bill, as Be it enacted, etc., That the times for commencing and com­ follows: pleting the constructitm nf a bridge. ac,ross the MissisSippi River, at or near a point on Broadway, between Florida. and Mullanphy Be it enacted, etc., That the time for completing the construc­ Streets, 1:n the city of St. .Louis, M.o., and a point opposite ther.eto, tion of two bridges, .one acrDss that ,part of Lake Michigan lying 1n the town of Stites, in the county of St. -clair, State of Illinois, opposlte the entrance to the Chicago River in Dllnots and the and connecting with St. Clair Avenue extended in - 'l'h~ - rfghtrtb ·ateer;-am-en&,-·or repeal -this aet is ·hereby-- r There-being no -objeetion;:~Clerkread the bill~ as-fOllows:--· expressly reserved. · · · · Be it enacted, etc., That the Attorney. General is hereby author- . With the following committeaamendments:. · · .. ! ized and directed. to secure- and maintam:reCord&"of"lai:Id:s:.gi'a:D.ted · -·-:-·.-- • · .. · ; by the" United States t o -ald.- in ~ the: eo-nstructton..-ancr matntenanee· · Page: a, : u.n:e · 2 ~ · -strike --o~ - ~~ a~ _ ~t> ; -~~~ , "acts." - . · _ ot r:oacts . ~roads· . tJ,l.e _benefits:~to< the... United.- States - · ~ · .... -···- _... Page : 3, line ·3,··arter the w6rcf· ..approved' ; insert- ••August · 21. ~ I from s':lc~ grants;.- ~h~ . disposition ·. ~ _a! said .lands. by . the- ~ 1935 ~ and."- · · · · · grantees or their successors in interest, and the consideration received therefor; to protect, conserve, and assert, by appropriate The committee amendments were agreed to. legal proceedings, the equities and rights of the United States The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third re.sul.ting from such grants -of land ·and· from ·breaches of any of time; was read the ·third • time, and passed, and a _motion·:_ 1 the ·tenn.s, .. con~tions, o:r cove~ contained frr any.. act. by which • .... !llo to reconsider was laid the· table.~ 1 any ,such grant .was. made-or· any aet.. amendatory or supplemental­ on thereto; and to furnish to the Congress such informatton as it · RAILROAD LAND GRANTS may require relative t.o such matters. · _SEC- 2. The Attgmey ,General.; is_authorized_ to request •from any. Th_ e C1 erk Ga~l~ j;}!e -ne;t bill, ~ . .R. 1530~ ' to provide for.: e~ecutive department,.. independent establishment,· or other gov- . the protection and conservation of equities or rights of the . ernmental .agency such data or information as-he may ·deem nee- - Gove~nment resulti,Qgcfr:om raUroaclland..grants. , .. ~ essary, ~~d to _emp~oy ~ch perso~ as may .be reqUired, to c~ . · Mr. WOLCO'IT. Mr. S-peaker, reserving the right to ob- , out the pro~ions of this act: · -' · : · ject, will the sponsor of the bill explain. what the. necessity . The bill was ·ordered . to -be engrossed and read ·a third for this is? I have read the report, but I cannot see for ~ I t~me, was read .the third time, and passed. tbe life .of me where the Justice-Department. has th~ au- 1 - Mr. WOLCOTr. Mr. -Speaker, I offer .an amendment to . thority at the present time to gather this information. I the title. • have no particular objection to the bill," but to satisfy my The Clerk read as follows: curiosity I would like to know why the Justice Department Amendment offered by Mr. WoLcOTI': After the word "from", 1n wanted this bill. the second line of the title, insert the words "road and."

Mr. P~SQN o! Florida ~ Mr ~ Speaker, this bill was 1 The am-endment· was ·agreed to. . inspired by the fact that at times there are certain eqUities 1 · A motion-to-reconsider: was· laid on the table-. wh:.ch the Federal Government has by reason of land grants,-: scme of the grants reserving the right to move troops and HOT SPRINGS NA.l'IONAL. .PARK, ARK. - Government material .at reduced. rates . Heretofore there . The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 4655, to accept the has been no one specifically who has attempted to see that cession by the State of Arkansas of jurisdiction over all lands these provisions are enforced. There have been occasions now or hereafter included within the Hot Springs National on which short lines· constructed .with.land.grants ha.ve-been. 1 Park, Ark., and for otP.er _purposes. . . abandoned, yet no one-appeared on· behalf of the Govern­ _There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as follows: ment at any of the hearings on the abandonment of such . Be it enacted, etc., That the provisions of an act of the Legisla­ lines. ture of the State of Arkansas, approved March 25, 1933 (no. 166), ceding to the United States jurisdiction over all lands now I have no particular individual interest in this matter, or hereafter included within the Hot Springs National Park, are but I feel there should be lodged somewhere in the· Federal­ ' hereby- accepted, and . the. provisions of the act approved April ! Government the responsibility of looking after these rights. 20, 1904 (33 Stat. . 187), as amended by the acts of March 2, 1907 (34 Stat. 1218), and March 3, 1911 (36 Stat. 1086), relating to The Interstate Commerce Commission said it did not have the Hot Springs Mountain Reservation, Ark., are hereby extended this responsibility because it merely has the right to act to all lands now or hereafter included within said park. upon rate cases and petitions brought before them, that it is in the position of judge, not directly_ representing the The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third Government. The Land Office stated they lost interest in time, was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to the lands when the lands were patented. Therefore, after reconsider was laid on the table. conferring with the three groups, I thought the specific BRIDGE ACROSS THE POTOMAC RIVER responsibility should be placed in the Department of Justice. The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 4706, authorizing the . Mr. WOLCOTr. Mr. Speaker, in view of the gentleman's. State Roads Commission of the State-of Maryland and .the statement, I have no further -objection. State Highway Department of the State of Virginia to con­ Mr. CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will yield, struct, maintain, and operate a free highway bridge across may I ask the gentleman if, since the bill relates to land the Potomac River at or near a point in the vicinity of grants to others than railroads, he has -considered the ad­ P9int of Rocks in Frederick County and a point near the . visability of amending the title by inserting in the second · south end of Loudoun County to take the place o1 a bridge . line thereof after the word "from" the words "road and"? , destroy~d by fiood in ~936. · ' .. . - '3598 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE APRIL 19 There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as follows: There being no objection, the Clerk ·read the Senate bill, Be it enacted, etc., That in order to facilitate interstate com­ as follows: merce, improve the postal service, and provide for military and other purposes, the State Roads Commission of the State of Mary­ - Be it enacted, etc., That section 5 of the act entitled "An act land and the State Highway Department of the State of Virginia authorizing the construction of certain public_works on rivers and be, and are hereby, authorized to construct, maintain, and oper- · harbors for flood control, and for other purposes", approved June 22, 1936, is hereby amended by revising the :first paragraph under ate a free highway bridge and approaches thereto across the Poto­ the heading "Ohio River Basin" to read as follows: mac River, at a point suitable to the interests of navigation, at "Reservoir system for the protection of Pittsburgh: Construction or near a point in the vicinity of Point of Rocks in Frederick of reservoirs for the Allegheny-Monongahela Basin as in compre­ County, Md., and a point near the south end of Loudoun County, hensive plan for the protection of Pittsburgh and for the reduction Va., in accordance with the provisions of the act entitled "An act to of flood heights in the Ohio Valley generally, as set forth in House regulate the construction of bridges over navigable waters", ap­ Document No. 306, Seventy-fourth Congress, :first session, and in proved March 23, 1906, and subject to the conditions and limitations the report on the Allegheny-Monongahela Rivers and tributaries contained in this act. on record in the omce of the Chief of Engineers, With such revi­ SEc. 2. There is hereby conferred upon the State Roads Com­ sions or modifications as may be found advisable by the Chief of mission of the State of Maryland and the State Highway Depart­ Engineers upon further investigation; estimated construction cost, ment of the State of Virginia all such rights and powers to enter ~20,646,000; estimated qost of lands and damages, $34,569,000." upon lands and to acquire, condemn, occupy, possess, and use real estate and other property needed for the location, construction, The bill was ordered to be read a third time, was read the operation, and maintenance of such bridge and its approaches as are possessed by railroad corporations for ra1lroad purposes or third time, and passed. by bridge corporations for bridge purposes in the State in which· A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. real estate or other property is situated, upon making jU&t com­ A House bill Texas; and now it looks as if we are headed for $5,000,000 . notice in the report that the request is made that it be for New York. San Francisco comes along with another 5 years instead of 10. C€lebration in 1939 and Los Angeles in 1942. There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as I think this bill is of sufficient importance to come up on follows: the floor and be debated there. I do not think it should b~ ·Be it enacted, etc., That there is hereby imposed on the lands passed by unanimous consent, and I, therefore, object. allotted on the Yakima Indian Reservation on which the trust expired December 17, 1928, a trust for a period of 10 years from FORT NIAGARA, N. Y. the date of enactment of this act, but otherwise on the same terms and conditions and subject to the same provisions and The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 1978, to authorize an 11.mitations as that which so expired. appropriation for construction at Fort Niagara, N.Y. There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as Mr. ROGERS of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, I otrer an follows: amendment. Be it enacted, etc., That there 1s hereby authorized to be appro­ The Clerk read as follows: priated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appro­ Amendment offered by Mr. RooEBS of Oklahoma: Strike out all priated, the sum of $54,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary after the enacting clause and insert: for the purpose of reconstructing at Fort Niagara, N.Y., the build­ "That the period of trust on lands allotted to Indians of the ing known as officers' quarters, mess hall, and assembly rooms, . Yakima Reservation, Wash., upon which the trust period expired which was destroyed by fire in January 1936. December 17, 1928, or at any other· time prior to approval of this The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third tim·e, act, and upon whic.h lands patents in fee have not been issued, is hereby reimposed and extended to July 9, 1942: Provided, That was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ further extension of the period of trust may be made by the Pres­ sider was laid on the table. ident, in his discretion, as provided by section 5 of the act of The title was amended to read: "A bill to authorize an February 8, 1887 (24 Stat. L. 388), and the act of June 21, 1906 appropriation for reconstruction at Fort Niagara, N. Y., to (34 Stat. L. 326) .'' replace loss by fire." Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, I rise in opposition to the RESERVOIR SYSTEM FOR PROTECTION OF PITTSBURGH AND OHIO amendment. I understood the gentleman from Oklahoma VALLEY to say that he was otrering an amendment to reduce this The. Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 4545, to amend an act period of trust to 5 years. Then the Clerk read a somewhat entitled "An act authorizing the construction of certain extensive bill. public works on rivers and harbors for flood control, and Mr. ROGERS of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, the gentleman for other purposes", approved June 22, 1936. will find the amendment in the report. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present con­ Mr. WOLCOTI'. Is the amendment as reported by the sideration of the bill? Clerk the bill recommended by the Department? There was no objection. Mr. ROGERS of Oklahoma. Yes. We meant to do it in Mr. WIDTTINGTON. Mr. Speaker, there 1s a similar the committee, but in reporting the bill we failed to include Senate bill (8. 1173) to amend an act entitled "An act au­ the amendment and the bill was reported without the thorizing the construction of certain public works on rivers amendment. That is the reason that I am offering it at and harbors for flood control, and for other purposes", ap­ ·this time. proved June 22, 1936, and I ask unanimous consent that the Mr. WOLCOTI'. It does not do very much more than the Senate bill may be considered in lieu of the House bill bill as reported does. 1937 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3599 Mr. ROGERS of Oklahoma. It only extends it for Gyears. There being no objection, the Clerk read the joint reso­ The reason the Department thought that would be wise is lution, as follows: that certain restrictions in other groups ·of lands are expir­ Resolved, etc., That the President of the United States of ing at that same time, and the Department wanted to group America is authorized and directed to issue a proclamation calling them so that they would all conform. upon officials of the Government to display the flag of the United States on all Government buildings on April 13 of each year, and Mr. WOLCOTI'. The gentleman's committee passed on inviting the people of the United States to observe the day in the amendment? schools and churches, or other suitable places, with appropriate Mr. ROGERS of Oklahoma. Yes. ceremonies in commemoration of the birth of Thomas Jefferson. Mr. WOLCOTI'. And the gentleman is offering it as a The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed and read committee amendment? a third time, was read the third time, and passed, and a Mr. ROGERS of Oklahoma. Yes. motion to reconsider laid on the table. The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amendment. HAWAll NATIONAL PARK The amendment was agreed to; and the bill as amended The Clerk called the bill (H. R. 1995) to add certain lands was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, was read on the island of Hawaii to the Hawaii National Park, and the third time, and passed, and a motion to reconsider laid for other purposes. on the table. There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as follows: GOLDEN GATE INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION Be it enacted, etc., That when title to all or any of the follow­ ing-described lands on the island of Hawaii, in the Territory of The Clerk called House Joint Resolution 310, providing Hawaii, shall be vested in the United St~tes, such lands shall be, for the importation of articles free from tariff or customs and the same are hereby, added to and made a part of the Hawaii NatJ.onal Park: duty for the purpose of exhibition at the Golden Gate Inter­ Kalapana extension (being portions of the lands of Kahaualea, national Exposition to be held at San Francisco, Calif., in Panaunui, and Apua and all of the lands of Poupou, Pulama, 1939, and for other purposes. Kamoamoa, Laeapuki, Panauiki, Kealakomo, and Kahue, in the There being no objection, the Clerk read the joint resolu­ district of P'..lna, and portion of the land of Keauhou, in the dis­ trict of Kau): Beginning at the United States Coast and Geodetic tion, as follows: Survey triangulation station Kupapau (marked by a survey tablet .Resolved, etc., That all articles which shall be imported from set in large rock), the true azimuth and distance from said point foreign countries for the purpose of exhibition at the Golden Gate of beginning to the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey International Exhibition to be held at San Francisco, Calif., in triangulation station Hakuma (marked by a United States Coast the year 1939 by the San Francisco Bay Exposition, or for use in and Geodetic Survey tablet set in smooth lava outcrop and sur­ constructing, installing, or maintaining foreign buildings, or ex­ rounded by a circular patch of cement near edge of sea pali) hibits at the said exposition, 'upon which articles there shall be a being 244°40'50" exactly 14,413 feet and running as follows, all azi­ tariff or customs duty, shall be admitted without payment of muths being measured clockwise from true south (note azimuths such tariff, customs duty, fees, or charges, under such regulations of courses 1 to 4, inclusive, are referred to Hakuma meridian): ns the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe; but it shall be Along the seacoast at high-water mark, in a general southwest­ lawful at any time during or within 3 months after the close of the erly direction for the first five courses, the true azimuths and said exposition to sell within the area of the exposition any articles distances between points on said seacoa.::.i; being- provided for herein, subject to such regulations for the security !. Exactly 66°15' 26,336/rr feet to United States Coast and of the revenue and for the collection of import duties as the Sec­ Geodetic Survey station Laeapuki, marked by a survey tablet retary of the Treasury shall prescribe: Provided, That all such set in mound and covered by a small cairn; articles, when withdrawn for consumption or use in the United 2. Exactly 60°10' 18,700 feet to Kaena Point; States, shall be subject to the duties, if any, imposed upon such 3. Exactly 71 °56' 21,350 feet to Apua Point; articles by the revenue laws in force at the date of their with­ 4. Exactly 98°45' 7,400 feet to a pipe in concrete at a place drawal; and on such articles which shall have suffered diminution called Okiokiahu (note: Azimuths of courses 5 to 11, inclusive, or deterioration from incidental handling or exposure the duties, are referred to Uwekahuna meridian); if payable, shall be assessed according to the appraised value at 5. 109°57'22" 10,717.9 feet to a pipe in concrete at a place the time of withdrawal from entry hereunder for consumption or called Makaloa; thence entry under the general tarilr law: Provided further, That im­ 6. 170°4'39" exactly 6,800 feet along Hawaii National Park, ported articles provided for herein shall not be subject to any Kilauea section, to the foot of the Puueo pali; marking requirements of the general tarilr laws, except when ~uch 7. 243°5'30" exactly 1,973 feet along the foot of Puueo pali articles are withdrawn for consumption or use in the United along portion of the land of Keauhou; States, in which case they shall not be released from customs cus­ 8. Exactly 286°50' exactly 9,700 feet along portion of the land tody until properly marked, but no additional duty shall be as­ of Keauhou; sessed because such articles were not sufficiently marked when 9. 178°38'25" exactly 12,500 feet along portion of the land ot imported into the United States: Provided further, That at any Keauhou to a pipe in concrete at top of the Poliokeawe pali; time during or within 3 months after the close of the exposition 10. 166°22'24" 12,467.9 feet along portion of the land of any article entered hereunder may be abandoned to the Govern­ Keauhou to a pipe in concrete on the south boundary of Hawaii ment or destroyed under customs supervision, whereupon any National Park, Kilauea section; duties on such articles shall be remitted: Provided further, That 11. Exactly 269°10' 21,146.5 feet along Hawaii National Park, articles which have been admitted without payment of duty for Kilauea section. to a pipe (note: Azimuths of courses 12 and 13 exhibition under any tariff law and which have remained in con­ are referred to Puu Huluhulu meridian); tinuous customs custody or under a customs exhibition bond and 12. Exactly 211 °30' 13,074.7 feet along Hawaii National Park, imported articles in bonded warehouses under the general tariff Kilauea section, to a pipe; law may be accorded the privilege of transfer to and entry for 13. Exactly 281 o exactly 2,931 feet along portion of the land of exhibition at the said exposition under such regulations as the Kahaualea (note: Azimuths of courses 14 to 24, inclusive, are Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe: And provided further, referred to Hakuma meridian); That the San Francisco Bay Exposition shall be deemed, for cus­ 14. Exactly 212°30' exactly 8,015 feet along the land of toms purposes only, to be the sole consignee of all merchandise Ka.haualea: imported under the provisions of this act, and that the actual 15. Exactly 297°15' exactly 24,552 feet along the land of and necessary customs charges for labor, services, and other ex­ Ka.haualea; penses in connection with the entry, examination, appraisement, re­ 16. Exactly 245°58" exactly 6,168 feet along the land of lease, or custody, together with the necessary charges for salaries of Kahaualea; customs officers and employees in connection with the supervision, 17. Exactly 326°31" exactly 5,248 feet along the land of custody of, and accounting for articles imported under the pro­ Kahaualea; visions of this act, shall be reimbursed by the San Francisco Bay 18. Exactly 359°15" exactly 445 feet along the land of Exposition to the Government of the United States under regula• Kahaualea; tions to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, and that 19. Exactly 329° exactly 2,211 feet along the land of Kahaualea; receipts from such reimbursements shall be deposited as refunds 20. 234°39'40" exactly 3,283 feet across portion of the land of to the appropriations from which paid in the manner provided Kahaualea; for in section 524 of the Tarilr Act of 1930. 21. Exactly 338°12" 3,927.5 feet along the land of Kapaahu; 22. Exactly 334°30" exactly 1,780 feet along the land of Kapaahu The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed and read to the south comer of grant 3208 to West Kaloi; a third time, was read the third time, and passed, and a 23. Exactly 331 °30" 5,097.8 feet along the land of Kapaahu to motion to reconsider laid on the table. a point near seacoast; thence 24. To and along the seacoast at high-water mark to the point THO~ JEFFERSO~S BIRTHDAY of beginning, the true azimuth and dist ance being: Exactly The Clerk called House Joint Resolution 284, authorizing 53°18" 3,364 feet. Area, 49,340 acres. the President of the United States of America to proclaim Footprint extension: Beginning at the northeast corner of this the 13th day of April of each year Thomas Jefferson's birth­ tract of land, at a point on t he west edge of th e Keamoku Aa day. Flow (lava fiow of 1823), and on the westerly boundary of Hawaii LXXXI-228 3600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 19 National Park, Kilauea section, as described in Governor's Execu­ The .bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third tive Order 86, coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government survey triangulation station Uwekahuna, being time, was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to 4,706.6 feet south and 17,970.3 feet west, and the true azimuth reconsider was laid on the table. and distance from said point of beginning to Government survey triangulation station Ohaikea being 166°20" exactly 6,350 feet, ACCEPTING CERTAIN LAND AT GAITHERSBURG, MD. as shown on Government survey registered map 2388, and run­ The Clerk called the bill (H. R. 6145) authorizing the ning by azimuths measured clockwise from true south- Secr~tary of Commerce to accept title to a certain parcel 1. 346°20' exactly 14,258 feet along Hawaii National Park, Kilauea section, as described in Governor's Executive Order 86; of land at Gaithersburg, Md. 2. 50 °25' exactly 27,615 feet along Hawaii National Park, Kilauea There being no objection, the Clerk read the bill, as section, as described in Governor's Executive Order 81, thence along follows: the remainder of the Government land of Kapapala to the point of beginning as follows: Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of Commerce is hereby 3. 191 °00'20" 13,544.5 fee~ to a pipe at fence corner a little authorized and empowered to accept, on behalf of the United southwest of the old halfway house and about 20 feet southeast of States, title by deed from the heirs at law ·of Ignatius T. and the edge ·of the Government main road; Elizabeth M. Fulks (pursuant to the leasehold int erest created by a 4. 234°25' 1,377.5 feet to a pipe on a mound of pahoehoe about contract of April 1, 1899, between the said Ignatius T. and Eliza­ 90 feet southeast of the Government main road; beth M. Fulks and the Superintendent of the United States Coast 5. 220°40' exactly 1,787 feet crossing the Government main road and Geodetic Survey), to the following-described property situated to a spike in ·large boulder in stone wall about 125 feet north of and lying in Gaithersburg, Montgomery County, Md., to wit: Be~ the Government main road; thence ginning at a stone planted in the ground at the intersection of 6. Along stone wall over the lava fiows, the boundary following the lines of the lands of the said Ignatius T. Fulks, Vandelia Owen, and Philemon M. Smith, and running t hence south 46 °30' the wall in its turns and windings, the direct azimuth and dis~ tance being: 219 °22'45" exactly 18,121 feet to a point in said W. 300 feet; thence south 43 °30' E. 270 feet; thence north 46°30' E. stone wall; 444.6 feet; thence north 71 °40' W. 53.5 feet to a st one; still north 7. 238°07' exactly 250 feet partly along stone wall te a pipe in 71 °40' W. 252.8 feet to the place of beginning, containing 2.307 the middle of a corral; acres of land, more or less; together with all th e improvements 8. 234°02' exactly 200 feet across corral and along stone wall to a thereon, and the rights and appurtenances thereto belonging or point in said wall; appertaining, including t he present right-of-way from the en­ 9. 239 °30' exactly 315 feet along stone wall to a pipe at end of trance of the property to the Frederick Road. _ wall and on the south side of the old Peter Lee Road; Acquisition of the title to said property un der this act shall be 10. 185 °30' exactly 380 feet crossing old Peter Lee Road and without expense to the United States, except the expense of con~ along fence to a pipe at fence comer on the west bank of a ravine; veyancing and the expense of making an abstract of title to said thence property. 11. Following along the west bank of ravine, the direct azimuth The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third and distance being: 203°23' 475.7 feet to a pipe on the west bank of the ravine; time, was read the third time, and passed, and a motion 12. 220 °54' exactly 245 feet across ravine and along fence to a to reconsider was laid on the table. spike in stone pile; 13. 212 °44' exactly 200 feet along fence to a spike in stone pile; CANAL ZONE CODE 14. 222°53' exactly 240 feet along fence to a spike in stone pile; The Clerk called the bill ? 3602 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 19 It is not my intention to disagree with this statement. In examining this table of receipts by States and in grants However. I desire to call to the attention of the country and made to States, I want you to note that Alabama paid six the Congress of a situation which, to my way of thinking, million in taxes and received twenty-six million in return. will, if not checked, lead us into a greater collapse than we Alaska paid four hundred thomand and received over bave ever had in the past. two and one-half million; Arizona paid a little less than two I have repeatedly stated that a great part, if not all, of million in taxes and received over twelve and one-half mil­ the so-called recovery was brought about by the public ex­ lion; Arkansas paid a little over three and one-half million penditure of money, and I have no intention to question in taxes and received almost twenty-four million in grants; this policy, but I do claim most emphatically that our plan Colorado paid over sixteen and one-half million and received of spending more money than we receive in the way of over thirty and one-half million; Georgia paid a little over revenue must stop in the immediate future, or we are sixteen million in taxes and received in return over twenty­ headed for another and perhaps worse collapse. nine million in grants; Idaho paid just about two million and In the fiscal year 1936 we collected $4,115,956,615.13, and received in return over ten million; Iowa paid a little over we spent $8,879,798,257.61. thirteen million and received in grants over twenty-four mil­ It will be noted that our deficit was over four and one­ lion; Kansas paid almost twelve million in taxes and received half billion dollars. in grants over twenty-seven million; Minnesota paid a little We have increased the public debt,- since we took office, over forty-one million in taxes and received in grants over from twenty-two billion to about thirty-five billion. forty-eight million; Mississippi paid a little over two and Anyone who has the slightest conception of business man­ one-half million and received in return almost nineteen mil­ agement knows without argument and must admit that lion; Montana paid a little over fo:ur million in taxes and this policy cannot and must not continue. received a little over seventeen million; Nebraska paid nine What about the present fiscal year which will end million in taxes and received over twenty-three million; June 30? Nevada paid a little over two -million in taxes and received The receipts will be at least five hundred million less in grants nearly five and one-half million; New Hampshire than estimated. paid a little over four million and received in return almost The expenditures will be over $9,000,000,000. This will six million; New Mexico · paid a little over a million and re­ mean a deficit of at least four billion. ceived in grants over twelve million; North Dakota paid For the information of the Congress and the country, I about a million and received over fourteen million; Oregon am inserting at this point a list of the receipts from States paid seven million and received in return almost nineteen and other sources collected by the Federal Government for million; South Carolina paid. five million and received over the fiscal year 1936-; also ·grants made to States by the Fed­ seventeen million; South Dakota paid a million and received eral Government for the same period. in grants over twelve million; Tennessee paid a little over seventeen million in taxes and received in grants over States Receipts Grants twenty-five million; Utah paid a little over four million and received over thirteen million; Vermont paid over two and Alabama______$6, 397,780.95 $26,251,255.12 one-half million and received in return over four and one­ Alaska______443,790.44 2, 629,493.78 half million; Washington paid over eighteen and one-half Ariwna______1, 914,239.31 12,687,762.03 million and received almost thirty-two and one-half million; Arkansas. ------3, 613, 165.89 23,912, 003. 22 California______193, 188,554.74 136,457,003.78 West Virginia paid thirteen million in taxes and received over Colorado______16,816, 561.37 30, i87, 489.35 twenty-seven million; Wyoming paid over one and one-half ConnecticuL ••• ------48,248,506.20 23,646,086.94 Delaware______38,696,601.54 2, 939,210.22 million and received over seven and one-half million; Puerto District of Columbia______17, 322,929.33 9, 943, 647.74 Rico paid nine hundred thousand in taxes and received al­ Florida------30,080, 135. 24 21,330,528.23 most twelve million. How can we justify such procedure with the financial Idaho_------~~~~~======------1~2, 073,fr1~: 6~:9 L ~~19 ~:10,028,600.37 ~~: ~~~:1~ . Illinois______276,465, 148. 63 149,960,222. "81 situation of our Government as it is? Where is there a In8. 03 95,617,697.32 Michigan______183,400, 49o. 04 · 73,636,284.85 not mentioned were discriminated against by paying more taxes than their just share. The deficit we are now creating must some day be paid gl[~¥~i~~======Montana·------~:4, ~~:449, ::831.79 ~ ~:17, r~019,871.01 :: !~ by the taxpayers of the States or the debts will have to be Nebraska.------9, 405, 675.89 23, 170,211. 15 Nevada.------~------2, 270, 058.91 5, 457,291.37 repudiated. New Hampshire______4, 227,689.27 5, 969,995.96 Your attention is called to the fact that we collected a New Jersey_------147, 119,087.76 63, 575,327.52 New Mexico______1, 184,845.65 12,435,393.32 little over $4,000,000,000 and, being very generous, we dis­ New York._------783, 173, 923. 79 344, 197, 880. 68 North Carolina ______282,710,478. 2S 23,717,426.87 tributed to the States $2,000,000,000, and did not have enough by four and one-half billions to pay expenses. - OhioNorth ______Dakota------189,524.560.241, 046, 573. 22 146,912,450.3614, 252,282.79 Oklahoma______44,990, 568. 21 36, 138,616.20 Is such a policy a sound policy? If there is a man or Oregon·------7, 070,448. 71 18,917,260.89 woman in this audience who believes it is a sound policy Pennsylvania ______302,376,636.25 189,492,591.59 Rhode Island______21,884,658. 16 10,404, 186. 12 after I conclude my remarks, I should like to have him stand South Carolina______5, 254.834. 28 17,443,600.31 and give his reasons to the country for his opinion. South Dakota______1, 290, 54S. 86 12,274.461.03 I cannot come to any other conclusion but that this Tennessee.------17, 368, 5!19. 75 25,334, 560.94 Texas·------75, 738,485. 76 68,700, 730. 99 policy, if continued, means certain disaster. Utll.h______4, 072, 18:!. 69 13,298, 190. 78 What about the future? Vermont ..------~ -- 2, 713. 3)3. 52 4, 666,829. 9i Virginia.------150,333,865.73 22,625. 778.04 I have investigated some of the new proposals that are 0 now before us requiring the enormous expenditures of money. Wisconsin·------·------;~~~~ii======58,056,703.36i~; ~; 1!~: ~ 52,~ ~:2fl0, 374.58~~:: It is amazing to know of the various projects that are being Wyoming______1, 713, 109.57 7, 548,646.36 Philippine Islands______1, 271,791.22 244.00 planned. I have listed below some of them: P.uerto RicO------902, 123.85 11,982,218.98 First, the so-called Florida canal--bill not yet in- Virgin Islands.------239,277. 57 troduced--about______$265,000,000 1------1------Second, H. R. 6240, better known as the farm ten- TotaL ___ ------3,520,208,381. 09 2, 171,861, 090. 71 From other ~ourCP.s------595,748,234.04 ant bill, ·by Mr. JoNES------195, 000, 000 Third, H. R. 5822, by Mr. BOILEAU, Federal works Grano totaL·------4;115,956,615. 13 progr~------3,000,000,000 . Fourth, S. 1228, Housing Act ______;______100, 000, 000 1937. ~ONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3603 Fifth, S. 1397, crop insurance______t1oo, ooo, ooo· and can collect the interest, about $20,000 a year, on an in­ SiXth, H. R. 166, Mr. MARTIN of Colorado, old-age- pension grants to States______500,000,000 vestment of $300. Seventh, H. R. 213, Mr. LEMKE, farm mortgage __ _ 3,000,000,000 In my opinion, the Federal Reserve System, as it now Eighth, H. R. 214, Mr. LEMKE, home mortgage ___ _ 8,000,000,000 operates, is proceeding by legislation that we passed, legally Ninth, H. R. 3699, Mr. CoLLINS, national libraries_ 50,000,000 to commit the greatest burglary in history. If a burglar Tenth, H. R. 242, Mr. MARTIN of Colorado, relief appropriation to June 30------­ 750,000,000 had a license to steal he would at least have to carry away Eleventh, H. R. 5413, Mr. ScoTT, education-----~-­ 500,000,000 his loot. The Federal Reserve System has its loot brought Twelfth, H. R. 3680, Mr. PFEIFER, venereal cllsease_ 25,000,000 to it. Thirteenth, H. R. 4009, Mr. CLARK of Idaho, weed control ______50,000,000 I want to ask here: What right has any group, whether · Fourteenth, H. R. 4102, Mr. CAsE of South Dakota, they are bankers, businessmen, or private citizens, to use the a bill to buy securities from States, towns, credit of the United States to an unlimited degree without counties, and school districts ______100,000,000 Fifteenth, H. R. 4210, Mr. DuNN, flood control for compensating the people for that great privilege? Pittsburgh district______2,500,000,000 The Federal Reserve System, as originally conceived, was Sixteenth, H. R. 3870, Mr. SPENCE, flood loss____ _ 200,000,000 to be a partnership between the banks and the Government, Seventeenth, S. 24, Mr. SHEPPARD, military posts __ 34,000,000 the Government to get all profits above 6 ·percent. · Since Eighteenth, H. R. 5961, -Mr. FERGUSON, Dust BowL 10,000,000 Nineteenth, H. R. 5371, Mr. McCLELLAN, roads ___ _ 125,000,000 then the bill has been amended many times, always in favor Twentieth, H. R. 5235, Mr. WITHRow, dairy relieL_ 30,000,000 of the banks, thus cheating the Government out of its just Twenty-first, H. R. 4798, Mr. MAVERICK, youth ap- share of earnings. By piling up the earnings in surplus propriation------500,000,000 Twenty-second, H. R. 4410, Mr. MAVERICK, soil sur- accounts, by building immense buildings, by paying high veY------200,000,000 salaries to officers, and by switching excess profits to member Twenty-third, H. R. 5033, Mr. STEAGALL, slum banks, the Federal Reserve System has kept for itself most clearance------1,000,000,000 Twenty-fourth, H. R. 4712, Mr. HARRINGTON, live- of the Government share, which, if divided up, would pay off stock feed------:------20,000,000 a Iar:ge portion of the national debt. Not satisfied with the steal now being perpetrated, we are Total~------16.254,000,000 compelling them to be the agency through which we are just Understand, I am not taking a position for or against any beginning to enter a period of currency inflation, the same of the projects listed. No doubt many are worthy but I kind of inflation that ruined the currency of Germany. claim we cannot afford to approve any of them under pres­ The process creating this situation is p·ermitting them to ent circumstances and it should indicate to you that to buy bonds and give in exchange printing-press money. They expend any money for any purpose that· is not absolutely will, in the course of a year or two, be compelled to take over necessary is a foolhardy thing to do. In my humble jUdg­ probably all the bonds now held by the banks of the country, ment, every bill that appropriates a single penny should be and perhaps the bonds that are also held at this time by the carefully considered in the light of our 4 years' record. We public. Do you know what this would mean r It would must change our policy or we are headed for a real calamity. mean, if carried to its full conclusion, that the Federal I want to discuss with you some of the conditions existing Reserve banks would own thirty-five billion in bonds and at the present time, caused by our financial policy. It is a there would be circulating throughout this country thirty­ known fact that the banks of this country have been selling five billion additional paper money. Government bonds for 8 or 9 months because they have be­ Ladies and gentlemen, to permit such a thing to happen gun to lose confidence in the future of United States bonds. spells ruination, and I plead with you that while there is still This fact is, I am sure, known to most of you and has re­ an opportunity to prevent it to do so. · sulted in the price of bonds depreciating. You ask how? My answer is to quit spending more money This condition has caused the administration great con­ than we are now receiving or to increase taxes to an amount cern. I do not know whether you know it or not but the equal to what we spend. In other words, balance the Federal financing of the New Deal program has been made possible Budget. by forcing the banks to buy bonds. How many times have you noticed, after a bond sale, that the issue had been over­ Do not delay the evil day if you expect to save the Nation subscribed. False propaganda, I say, because the public has and preserve our form of government, because if we ever go not bought any to speak of and the banks bought them through the period of currency inflation as is in prospect now because of pressure by the Government and from the further our republican form of government is gone and we must fact that it was not advisable to make private loans. resort to fascism or a dictatorship to preserve any semblance Some of the banks have tried to leave the impression that of law and order. being compelled to buy the bonds was a terrible ordeal and Currency inflation, if carried to extremes, is a green-eyed imposed upon them great hardships. This gives me a laugh. monster. The penalties that the public must pay who are A man does not have to be forced to pay 30 cents in unfortunate enough to be engulfed in its clutches are appall­ exchange for a thousand dollar bond paying $25 a year. ing. To be more specific, the salaried person whose dollar This is exactly what the Federal Reserve banks are forced today has a value of 100 cents may have a dollar whose value to do under the provisions of Senate 417-passed by the may be 90, 60, 40, 10 cents, or even less, and the things that House February 24, 1937, entitled "An act to extend the hP would have to buy with this dollar would increase in price in per~od during which direct obligations of the United States proportion to the decrease in value of the dollar. may be used as collateral security for Federal Reserve notes." It is not necessary to stress one's imagination very far to Under this system, a bank may spend $300 and collect see what his fate would be. Can you imagine the plight of the interest each year on a million dollars' worth of bonds, a the disabled war veterans who are depending upon their pen­ sum in excess of $20,000; $20,000 return on a $300 invest­ sions if such a thing did happen? Think of the unfortunate ment. Do banks have to be forced to make this kind of an American people who are ·now on relief getting $4 to $6 investment? Hardly. grocery orders! How would they get along? What about For those interested in the technicalities here is the pro­ theW. P. A. workers who are now receiving $40 and $50 a cedure. The Treasury asks for buyers for several billion month? What about the people who own the stocks and dollars' worth of bonds. The banker says he will take a bonds of the country; the insurance companies who have million dollars' worth and credits the Treasury on his books invested in these securities; and the policyholders of the with a million dollars. He then deposits the bonds with a insurance companies? All of these groups' equities would Federal Reserve agent as collateral security for a million be reduced in proportion to the decrease in the value of dollars' worth of Federal Reserve notes and agrees to pay the money. cost of printing the currency of about. $300. He now has a We must not let this happen. It is within the power of million dollars in currency to balance the million-dollar the House of Representatives to avert the greatest calamity deposit he credited to the Treasury. He still owns the bonds in American history by, I repeat, cutting down expenses to 3604 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 19 meet the revenues or increasing the revenues to meet the of their payments into the Federal Treasury. Does the gen­ expenses. [Applause.] tleman lose sight of the fact that those States which have l\fr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? contributed to the relief of other States have received more Mr. LAMNECK. I yield. in the way of remittances from money that flows into those 1\.fr. RICH. I congratulate the gentleman from Ohio on States in the stream of commerce from States that have his speech. I think he is one of the soundest Members of received the greatest Federal relief? the House of Representatives. I should like to ask him, Mr. LAMNECK. I do not know whether that is so or not. inasmuch as he spoke about the banks having the power to Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? issue $1,000,000 at a cost of $300-which is all wrong-why Mr. LAMNECK. I yield. it is that the Treasw·y Department, as indicated by their Mr. MICHENER. As I understand the gentleman's argu- . statement of April 10, cany a -balance of $1,829,000,000? ment, it is that we have gone just about as close to the Would any ordinary sound institution be required to carry precipice as we ·can without going over, and that if we are such a balance? saved from going over the precipice something must be done Mr. LAMNECK. I will let the gentleman answer that. to stop the pressure groups that are compelling legislation. Mr. RICH. One further question, if the gentleman will Is that right? · permit. The gentleman stated that we must cut down ex­ Mr. LAMNECK. That is pretty generally the case; in penditures or increase taxes. The gentleman will remember other words, I can understand how a Congressman from that last year we passed a tax bill. Can he tell us now where Arkansas, for instance, or a Senator from Arkansas, when we are going to get the money? his State is getting 3, 4, or 10, or 12 times as much from Mr. LAMNECK. No; that is what I am trying to find out. the Federal Government as they pay into the Federal Treas­ Mr. ANDRESEN of Minnesota. Mr. Speaker, will the ury, would support such a system. But I cannot see how gentleman yield? we who have to-pay the bills will be fools enough to vote for Mr. LA...l\{NECK. I yield. those bills. Mr. ANDRESEN of Minnesota. The newspapers of late Mr. MICHENER. Are there more Congressmen coming have carried statements to the effect that the President is from those States than there are Congressmen who come intent upon reducing expenditUI'es so as to balance the from the States that pay more than they receive? Budget, but at the same time the President is making such · Mr. LAMNECK. I do not think the facts will show that. statements to the newspapers he is sending to Congress I think we have it in our power to stop it at any time we supplemental requests and demands for the appropriation of want to do so. · additional sums that will increase the deficit in this country. Mr. MICHENER. Well, let us do it. These positions seem to me to be inconsistent. I wish the Mr. BIERMANN. Will the gentleman yield? gentleman would explain the inconsistency and tell me if he Mr. LAMl\TECK. I yield to the gentleman from Iowa. thinks that Congress should be blamed for the requests that Mr. BIERMANN. I was interested in what the gentleman come from the White House? said about the alleged great profit made by the Federal Re­ Mr. LAMNECK. I claim that Congress ought to be blamed serve banks and issuance of Federal Reserve notes against for spending money they no longer have. [Applause.] obligations of the United States. I have in my band the · Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? daily statement of the United States Treasury for April 14. Mr. LAMNECK. I yield. This shows Federal Reserve notes outstanding to be $4,474,- Mr. SPENCE. T'.ae gentleman has given us some very 000,000, and of that huge sum only $52,000,000 were issued interesting comparisons of the amounts paid by States in on the security of Government bonds. In other words, what taxes and the amount received by the same States in relief. the gentleman stated applies only to $52,000,000 worth of The gentleman· did not give the figures for the State of Federal Reserve notes out of a total of four and one-half Kentucky. Has the gentleman those figures? billion. My point is that if the Federal Reserve notes issued Mr. LAMNECK. I cannot give them to the gentleman at against United States Government bonds were so profitable, the moment. instead of having only $52 ,000,000 of such notes there would · Mr. SPENCE. I suppose the reason for that is that Ken­ be several billion dollars issued against United States Gov­ tucky contributed more than she received. ernment bonds. l\1r. LAMNECK. If the States are not in that list, they Mr. LAMNECK. But we passed a bill in February giving did. Kentucky paid $95,000,000 in taxes and received $26,- them unlimited issuing power. 000,000. She got the worst of the deal. Mr. BIERMANN. That was merely an extension of an ·Mr. CURLEY. Mr. Speaker, can the gentleman give the act which we passed several years back. The banks have figures for New York? had this power several years, and on April 14 they bad se­ Mr. LAMNECK. New York paid $783,000,000 and.received cured only $52,000,000 of Federal Reserve notes against $344,000,000. United States bonds. Mr. CURLEY. Is the gentleman going to put those fig­ Mr. LAMNECK. They are going to have to take them if ures in the RECORD? the bond market is not supported by the governmental agen­ Mr. LAMNECK. Yes. cies. That market will go down, and the Federal Reserve Mr. WHITE of Idaho. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman banks have been brought into the picture and compelled to yield? buy these bonds, so that the public will have the general idea !VJI. LAMNECK. I yield. they are not depreciating. Mr. WHITE of Idaho. The gentleman has made a very Mr. BIERMANN. I agree with the tone of the gentleman's illuminating statement about the amount of money that has speech. I most heartily agree we ought to cut our expendi­ been paid to and received by the states. Is it the gentle­ tu.res down. However, I do not agree with his attack on the man's contention that relief should be based upon the con­ Federa.l Reserve System. If we do not have anyone on the tribution of the States in the form of taxes? Banking and Currency Committee who will get up and talk Mr. LAMNECK. It is my opinion that there is not a State a little sense so far as the issuance of Federal Reserve notes in the Union that cannot handle its own relief problem, not i<:> cm:icerned, I think we will have to take someone off the one; and finally it is the taxpayer who has to pay the bill Committee on Agriculture for that purpose. even if the Federal Government does contlibute. For my [Here the gavel fell.J part, I am for the States' carrying their own relief programs. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a special order here­ [Applause.] tofore entered, the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. SHAFER] Mr. WHITE of Idaho. Then it is the gentleman's con­ is recognized for 25 minutes. tention that the Goven1ment policy of dealing with relief is entirely erroneous and mistaken? SIT-DOWN STRIKES Mr. LAMNECK. No; I do not say that. I say it is time Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, we may soon to change the plan now. have the opportunity of voting on the Senate resolution to Mr. WillTE of Idaho. The gentleman criticizes those outlaw sit-down strikes. With that in view, and also having States which have received a Federal contribution in excess in mind the remarks of certain C. L 0. leaders and other 1937 _CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 3605 leaders as reported in the morning newspapers, I believe my effect upon public welfare, that it transcends the concept of remarks are more or less timely and appropriate. labor as a mere commodity, like the automobile, and is one of There are certain fundamental differences between the the fundamentals of an enlightened and progressive civili­ sit-down strike and the old familiar labor technique of zation. collective walk-out, collective bargaining, and peaceful pick­ Granted that this is true, there must be certain responsi­ eting. These differences are so fWlClamental that I believe bilities also resting upon labor as well as upon the employer. they should be clearly defined in the mind of the Nation The employer contends that in engaging his money and his for the benefit of employees, employers, consumer, and, in genius in organizing and establishing a plant to produce fact, the entire populace. Vital rights and interests in­ needed goods or services, it remains his right to buy his pro­ separable from public welfare are involved in this new in­ duction energy-labor and machinery-on the lowest mar­ dustrial problem. ket~ and to sell his products, in the face of fair competition, These differences between the old and new modes of em­ on the highest market. ployee protests may be generally stated in two paragraphs: Labor, regarding its producing intelligence and brawn on First. The fundamental principles underlying voluntary that same basis, lays claim, and properly so, to the same labor organization, collective bargaining, collective walk-out, rights. and peaceful picketing-to effectuate collective demands­ The employer claims that if it is the right of organized are those of logic, justice, equity, and persuasion. labor in his plant to quit at will, it is the employer's right to Second. The fundamental principles underlying the new lock up his plant, shut down operations, and quit producing sit-down technique, imported from foreign shores and now at will. · injected into our industrial labor relations, are those of fear, This might be logical for both labor and industry to claim ferment, force, and extortion. if there were involved no other interests than those of the Just why and how we who are firmly opposed to the sit­ immediate employer and the immediate group of laborers down method of strike can uphold-and do uphold-the concerned. But in an integrated civilization such as ours the rights of labor in organizing for collective bargaining, of operation of a great industrial plant, or a group of them, is collective walk-out, and of peaceful picketing is clear when invested with a public interest that must be considered. the fundamentals underlying the two different methods of First, such undertakings encourage other people to invest strikes .is considered. money, to build up properties, and to risk their efforts in Few enlightened people now question the justice, the logic, plants either to provide raw or semimanufactured materials, or the necessity of labor organizations, collective bargaining, or to sell the completed products on the market-as in the and, when necessary, to effectuate just and honest demands, case of the farmers furnishing milk to the Hershey Chocolate the collective walk-out form of strike, and the peaceful · Co., in Pennsylvania, and in the case of automobile agencies picketing method of effectuating the walk-out. and distributors, and so forth. These rights are conc-eded to labor by most fair-minded Also, as in the case of the automobile, when a purchaser people. They have been aJfirmed by the highest court in buys a machine be has the right to expect that the necessary the land. And it is because we are true friends of labor parts for replacement and the necessary services required to that we oppose this sit-down technique as greatly endanger­ keep his investment in good operating order Will be furnished ing these rights conceded to labor. I believe the sit-down as he needs them. Any cessation of this continuous supply strike technique, if permitted to continue, will certainly alien­ of parts or service, or any unnecessary increase in the cost ate the broad sympathy held in this country by the citizens thereof, certainly infringe his rights, though he is neither an generally for labor organization, collective bargaining, the employer nor an employee in that case. walk-out strike, and peaceful picketing. In the ship strikes in California, and in the sit-down strikes The law does not recognize, no court has ever affirmed, in my home State of Michigan, and -other sections of the and no logic sustains any right of labor to engage in violent, country, these facts come to the surface, and it is seen that destructive, and coercive strikes. Nor can industry claim the rights of other than the immediate parties-the rights, any right whatsoever to engage in violent tactics against in fact, of all citizens-are involved. the peaceful walk-out and peaceful picketing when used It was made clear in the Hershey strike that the group of to effectuate just collective demands. sit-down technicians and leaders are not employing trespass The moment picketing becomes threatening, violent, or in defiance of the State laws to achieve better wages or coercive it ceases to be the peaceful picketing the courts working conditions for employees. The Hershey strike had have upheld and that right-thinking people have approved, no relation to these questions. That plant represents the and it degenerates into senseless violence, lawlessness, mob dream of its folinder to create almost a workingman's Utopia. disorder, and wanton destruction, which never achieve a I recently visited there, and I know the facts. single step in advance for either labor or industry, and In addition to excellent wages and working conditions, the which always penalize the innocent public. intelligent philanthropy of the founder has expressed itself In the collective walk-out and in peaceful picketing the in added cultural advantages, beautiful churches, schools, property of the employer may be rendered idle, but it is not theaters, hospitals, recreational parks, sports arenas, audi­ seized by labor in defiance of trespass laws, court orders, toriums, and various forms of musical and theatrical enter­ and law-enforcement agencies, and held for ransom. tainment, all wholly or largely provided for out of the purse Other workers are not, by peaceful picketing, debarred of Mr. Hershey in his efforts to provide every advantage for physically from their jobs. They may be dissuaded but they his employees. Yet a sit-down strike was called in his plant. are not coerced. - But another factor was involved. Thousands of farmers The fundamental fault in any form of coercion, whether in that community had equipped themselves to furnish milk exercised by labor or by employers, is that it infringes the to that plant. While they had no part in the plant manage­ rights of others who are not parties to the controversy. It ment or the union management, the moment the sit-down results in useless violence and destruction; it muddles and strikers entered the plant the farmers' market for milk was beclouds the issues involved; it rapidly and invariably de­ temporarily destroyed. The milk spoiled and a great eco­ generates into mob lawlessness that fs at once dangerous, nomic loss was forced upon innocent citizens whose interests expensive, and which must be brought into subjection to the were not even considered by the sit-down strikers. law at all hazards. In addition to the farmers, the other workers of the Organized labor contends that the worker has a vested chocolate plant who, too, had a vested interest in their jobs property right in his job, which means a vested right in the and wages, were denied access to the plant and the right market for his brain, his brawn, and his skill, which com­ to continue to work and to receive wages-with the conse­ pose his stock in trade, and which he sells at the highest pos­ quent economic loss to them. Thus the vested interests of sible price in the open market. Labor further contends that the dairy farmers, and the other producers of raw materials, the whole question of proper wages, hours, and working con­ in their markets, were violated; the vested interests of ditions is vested with such a public interest and has such -an workers who desired to continue a satisfactory employment 3606 PONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 19 at a satisfactory wage under satisfactory cnditions were employer on demand of the union. That is the final step . .Violated. Thus the dominion of these self-appointed leaders, headed The Hershey strike showed clearly the potential and very by John L. Lewis, is complete and autocratic. ' sinister dangers involved in the sit-down strike. The chief Manifestly, such a procedure carries with it the implica­ cf these dangers is the righteous indignation and sense of tions of the greatest possible danger to the Nation. It . outrage felt by the farmers whose ma~kets were tempo­ places the production of industry at the mercy of a labor rarily destroyed and their own activities ruthlessly violated leadership responsible and accountable to neither the law nor by the sit-down strikers without compunction, and without to the workers and restricted only by its own desires and any hope of recovery by the damaged farmers. ambitions. These same emotions motivated the employees who The dangers of such a centralized control of the American wanted to continue their work and wages. Such indigna­ workers are obvious. It would create a labor monopoly of tion will invariably express itself sooner or later, as it did the most menacing proportions. Its political possibilities at Hershey, when the farmers and the satisfied workers would challenge democracy as a fundamental principle of marched in, assaulted, wrongfully, of course,.lawlessly, with­ government. To the extent that it succeeds, it will mean the out a doubt, the sit-down strikers, and drove them, bruised economic and political subjugation of the workers and a far and injured, from the plant and from the town. step toward an economic and politica-l dictatorship. Here was a collision between two mobs and the larger The sit-down strike leaders go far beyond other labor ad- mob won. Such collisions will .be the result of the sit-down . vacates in their claims as to vested rights of the worker in strike in many cases where the law-enforcement agencies his job. They contend that the worker .not only has a vested. prove unable or unwilling to act promptly. Such a situa­ right in his job but also in the. property of the business for tion might very easily develop into a series of small civil which he works, and therefore he is entitled to sit down on ­ wars if, as, and when the sit-down strike begins to affect the job when he desires to do so. Even if adherents of the more and more _industries producing foodstu1Is, such as · sit-down strike are in only a small minority, they still claim packing plants, canneries, and the like. the right to sit down and stop the wheels, thereby denying All these disorders flow from the sit-down strike, and in. to all others of their fellow employees the right to work. addition, a rise in prices to every citizen, a direct penalty Such a contention means, of course, that the ownership on the pocketbook of every citizen, laborer, and employer as of the property carries with it only a limited control. Part well, results from these tie-ups. of the control, under the C. I. 0. theory, is or would be . Now, what is . the purpose behind these sit-down strikes? lodged with those who happened to be employed in the prop­ No assumptions are necessary. Official statements made erty at any particular time. The theory assumes that this from time to time by the leaders of the C. I. 0. provide the part control owes no obligation to management, to stock­ answer. . holders, or to dissenting workers, even if these are in the The purpose is .to obtain, in the quickest possible way, the majority. The theory goes even further and denies the right greatest recognition, carrying with it the greatest degree of of the duly constituted law-enforcement agencies or any power applicable to controlling all workers in mass produc­ · branches of the Government to interfere. It is subject to no tion industries. The movement is now in full swing. , To control except by the C. I. O.labor leaders. Of course, such the extent that it becomes successful, if the precedents al­ a theory and procedure are both untenable and illegal. It ready established in the industries now dominated by the is revolutionary in its dangers and potentialities. C. I. 0. leadership are to be the guide, industry faces the Now, why are these things not so in the case of the collec­ closed shop and the check-off system. tive walk-out? The implications to be drawn from the logical evolution In the case of the collective walk-out, almost always the of this movement are _of the most serious economic and legitimate questions of proper wages, hours, and working con­ political consequences and show that the movement may ditions are involved, and the union has organized at least <:ndanger the welfare and the security of the whole Nation. a majority of the workers before the walk-out. Otherwise, A study of the methods employed to attain .the objectives the walk-out would not occur; and in any event peaceful discloses, generally, the following formula of action: arbitration is always tried within the limitations of lawful· First, a demonstration of the power of a small but deter­ bargaining. There is also a steadying effect of discussions mined group of sit-down technicians to paralyze the pro­ between the different craft unions before the strike is finally ductivity of industry. Thus it places in jeopardy, as in the decided upon and executed. case of the automobile industry, the economic welfare of That is the method of collective persuasion in which the n;any communities, and causes loss. and suffering to mil­ rights of the consumers, raw-material producers, and wage lions of innocent bystanders. In that way it exerts a pow .. earners are considered, at least, in some degree, and usually erful adverse pressure upon the national economy as a to such a degree as to operate largely as a deciding factor whole. This effect is being accomplished through coercion in the final settlement of such controversies. This is so of the workers and illegal seizures of property. because sane, sober, and conscientious labor leaders recog­ The fact that the employee support in many cases is a nize the fact that organized labor actually represents a small small minority does not matter. Through the established percentage of all labor and a still smaller percentage of the technique the right to work is denied to all. In the case of whole people-of all consumers whose rights and whose th~ General Motors it is said-and bas not been denied­ pocketbooks are necessarily involved in any great industrial that originally 125,000 of the employees were opposed to the controversy. · movement. Nevertheless these, along with every other in­ But in the sit-down strike a small group of self-appointed terest affected, lost. their incomes for many weeks, amount­ leaders, -under secret plans and conspiracy, knowledge of ing to, in an aggregate, many millions of dollars. Their which is always carefully concealed from the majority of losses can never be regained. the workers in the plant, seize a vital link or department of Next comes the capitalization of power thus demonstrated the plant and force a complete shut-down, thereby forcing by forcing additional workers to join the movement. Then all workers out of their jobs and subjecting them, as well as comes the demand of the C. I. 0. affiliates to represent all raw-material producers serving that plant and the distribu­ the workers exclusively in their respective industries. tors marketing its products, to such demands as this small When this happens, each worke.r must then and there group makes. not only pay for the privilege of working, but he must con­ It is after this shut-down has been accomplished and the tinue to pay for the privilege of continuing to work. workers are thrown out of employment that they are forced Finally, comes the check-off. Then each worker must not into the industrial union as a means of getting a chance to ()nly pay for his job, but in addition, he must pay special work again. The employers, at the same time, are forced assessments, whenever and for whatever purpose the or­ to submit to· any demands made by this small group of sit­ ganization demands. The worker is in no position to re­ down technicians in order to regain possession of their proP- sist. The tribute is taken out of his pay envelope by the . erty and the opportunity to stop losses and resume produc- 1937 ·coNGRESSIONA.t· RECORD-· HOUSE 3607 tion. This Is the extortion method as differentiated from· ' gentleman 'has outlined conditions which I think should the persuasion method of the walk-out and picketing receive the earnest consideration of every Member of the technique. House. It has become too clear to be refuted that the purpose of It is my personal opinion the recent decisions of the Su­ this small group of sit-down technicians under the guidance preme Court, in regard to the Wagner Labor Relations Act, and leadership of John Lewis is, by this extortion method; has brought about a condition where there can be no fur­ to compel workers to join the C. I. 0. group, not as a means ther possible excuse for violations of the law in connection of bettering their conditions but as a means to retaining with labor disputes, and the sit-down and other unlawful the right to work at all. activities upon the part of either side of the controversy Further, it is the purpose of the C. I. 0~ leaders to compel should and must cease at once. not only the organization of the workers under the pre- Mr. Speaker, the Supreme Court's decisions in the mini­ . arranged leadership and dictation of this small band of mum-wage cases and latterly in the National Labor Rela­ leaders, but to force the employers, by the check-off sys­ tions Act show an attitude of liberality on the part of the tem, to collect for this small group an enormous tribute in Court which completely demolishes the claims of President money out of the wages of all the workers. This fund will Roosevelt and his spokesmen that the Court is so hopelessly be such, if the sit-down method of strikes is permitted to reactionary as to require the President to pack it with six expand, that John Lewis and his cohorts could contribute new members in order to achieve any recovery. But Mr. two, three, or five million dollars to a national political cam­ Roosevelt is not satisfied. paign fund as easily as they did a half million, or there­ The Court's decision holding the Wagner LabOr Act valid abouts, in the last campaign. has completely eliminated any shadow of argument for sit­ If the sit-down campaign succeeds the votes he would down strikes, and clothes a New Deal board, friendly to control and the enormous funds he would have at his com­ labor, with unlimited powers. But John L. Lewis is not mand would make John Lewis the mogul of industry and satisfied. the monarch of labor of Amel'ica. He could then become After conferences Wednesday, as reported in the press, the king maker of this Nation, the irresistible power behind between Mr. Roosevelt, John L. Lewis, and Henry Wallace, the throne, if his ambitions did not drive him to mount the the latter two gentlemen came out Thursday with blasts throne himself. against the Court, and White House spokesmen, including Thus, it is clear that Lewis and his lieutenants have im­ Attorney General Cummings, declared that nothing short ported this new industrial weapon from overseas to compel of the President's plan to pack the Court with six "wet­ membership of workers in his army; to compel payment of nurse" Justices would be acceptable to Mr. Roosevelt. enormous tlibute to strengthen the position of himself and This brings the issue into the open. It is now clear that his cohorts until they attain dictatorial domination over the the President is demanding something more than a Court industry of this country, over the workers of this country, that is reasonably liberal under the provisions of the Con­ over the rights of the employers, employees, and consumers­ stitution. The Court is liberal now under the limitations of and such a dictatorship is of the communistic brand-call the Constitution. Its liberality is such that it has written a it by any name you will. new chapter of liberality into the annals of that tribunal. The real friends of labor do not want to see organized It is now clear that what the President iS demanding is labor placed in the position of flaunting the law, of ignoring power to so pack the Court as to assure himself of any dis­ and violating the rights of all citizens, of penalizing the torted construction of the Constitution as he may deem pocketbooks of all consumers, in order that a small group necessary to enable him to achieve a program of legislation, headed by John Lewis, conspiring for their own enrichment, now hidden carefully in the background, which will be so their own aggrandizement, their own dictatorial power, may extraconstitutional, so revolutionary, as to be beyond any­ succeed. thing the present liberal Court coUld possibly find consti- · As surely as this extortionate lawless method of sit-down tutional. strikes continues labor will lose the sympathy of the public, In the background, as I have pointed out in ...other of the vast mass of citizens; sporadic clashes betweeh out­ comments, is the President's startling Government reorgani­ raged citizens and sit-down strikers will ensue, until finally zation plan which will give him, if passed, personal control a situation which, if not remedied in its incipiency, while it over transportation, industry, communications, the press, may be handled without bloodshed, will grow into a menace spending of all moneys appropriated by Congress according that will have to be conquered regardless of how much blood to his personal desires, the tariff, commerce, labor-every­ may be spilled in the process. thing. We do not want such a thing in America~ We do not need Given this power, Roosevelt would be a dictator with com­ such a thing in Anierica. plete control, through the most gigantic bureaucracy ever Labor has its rights to proper wages, proper hours, proper conceived of in America. His power to perpetuate an oli­ working conditions. An enlightened citizenry fully sympa-· garchic rule would be all any dictator could ·desire. thizes with those rights. The friends of labor, and I class The President cannot get this complete domination over myself as one, do not want to see these sit-down strike the activities of the Government and of the Nation so long abuses deprive labor of that sympathy.which is so vital to its as a Supreme Court, which will not wink at unconstitu­ present and future welfare. tional delegation of legislative powers, stands in the way. The national and State o:ffici~als are doing a vast disservice These independent commissions such as the I. c. c., Fed­ to the cause of labor and to the cause of good government by eral Trade Commission, Comptroller General's Office, Com­ temporizing with this new menace; by yielding to this extor­ munications Commission, -and a number of other quasi­ tion; by submitting the rights of all people to these abuses judicial bodies, created by and directly responsible to Con­ by this small group of men who were unheard of a few gress alone, exercise regulatory powers the President wants months ago. to take unto himself. To get them he must destroy the It should be ended, pray God, bloodlessly and peaceably­ effective limitations of the Constitution. To do this he must but at all hazards, ended, and the laws and the courts up­ have an acquiescent Supreme Court. To get such a Court held. [Applause.] he must pack it with the requiSite number of predisposed Mr. WOODRUFF. Mr. Speaker, I ~k unanimous consent judges who will grant him any extraconstitutional power he to proceed for 1 minute. seeks, regardless of how tortured a construction of the or­ The SPEAKER pro tempore (1\!.r. McCoRMACK) • Is there. ganic law is necessary. objection to the request of the gentleman from Michigan? Mr. Roosevelt is not pleased, apparently; judging by his There was no objection. silence, he is anything but pleased with the liberal attitude 1\!Ir. WOODRUFF. Mr. Speaker, I have been very much of the Court. interested in the splendid address just delivered by my col­ John Lewis is not pleased, and bas been frank-or fool­ league the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. SHAFER]. The ish-enough to say so publicly-even though the Court has 3608 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 19 made totally unnecessary the sit-down strikes. What John 10:30 a. m., on the following bills: H. R. 4894, to limit the Lewis wants is clear. He wants absolute control of labor. right of removal to Federal courts in suits against corpora­ He wants the sole bargaining power. He wants to control tions authorized to do business within the State of residence the many millions of dollars in dues and assessments, and of the plaintiff; and H. R. 4895, to further define the jurisdic­ he wants the employers to collect this tribute for him by the tion of the district courts in cases of suits involving cor­ check-off system. He then would be the czar of labor and porations where jurisdiction is based upon diversity of citizen­ the boss of industry in America. He cannot get these things ship. except by the sit-down strike method; therefore, he is in­ COMMITTEE ON THE PUBLIC LANDS furiated, apparently, that the Court has cut the ground from There will be a meeting of the Committee on the Public under him. Lands on Tue.sday, April 20, 1937, at 10 a. m., in room 328, · America now faces a clear issue. It is to continue our House Office Building to consider H. R. 5394, to provide for constitutional democracy or forsake the American plan of the acquisition of certain lands for, and the addition thereof free government and go under a dictatorship by a political to, the Yosemite National Park, in the State of California, oligarchy headed by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. and for other purposes. The decision rests with the people. They alone can, by COMMITTEE ON MILITARY AFFAIRS indicating their desires to Members of the Congress, prevent this rape of the Constitution and this destruction of indi­ There will be a hearing before the Committee on Military vidual political, economic, and, probably, of religious, liberty, Affairs tomorrow, Tuesday, April 20, 1937, for the considera­ under the name of recovery. tion of H. R. 4415, to amend the act entitled "An act to amend the act entitled 'An act authorizing the conservation, LEAVE OF ABSENCE production, and exploitation of helium gas, a mineral re­ By unapimous consent, leave of absence was granted as source pertaining to the national defense, and to the develop­ follows: ment of commercial aeronautics, and for other purposes.' " . To Mr. BACON (at request Of Mr. WIGGLESWORTH), in­ definitely, on account of illness. EXECUTIVE CO:MMUNICATIONS, ETC. To Mr. ScoTT, for 2 days, on account of important business. To Mr. DITTER (at the request of Mr. KINZER), for balance Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive communications of the week, on account of death in his family. were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows: 560. A letter from the Acting Secretary of Agriculture, SENATE BILL REFERRED transmitting a draft of a proposed bill to close certain na­ A bill of the Senate of the following title was taken from tional forest lands used for forest research to prospecting, the Speaker'.s table and, under the rule, referred as follows: location, or entry under the mineral laws, and for other S.l131. An act to amend the part of the act entitled "An purposes; to the Committee on the Public Lands. act making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal 561. A communication from the President of the United year ending June 30, 1921, and for other purposes", ap­ States, transmitting supplemental estimates of appropria­ proved June 4, 1920, relating to the conservation, care, cus­ tions for the Department of State for the fiscal year 1938 tody,. protection, and operation of the naval petroleum and ; to the Committee on Appropriations and oil-shale reserves; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. ordered to be printed. · · BILL PRESENTED TO TH~ PRESIDENT 562. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting a Mr. PARSONS, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, letter from the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, reported that that committee did on this day present to the dated April 12, 1937, submitting a report, together with ac­ President, for his approval, a bill of the House of the follow­ companying papers and illustration, on a preliminary ex­ mg title: amination and survey of Bridgeport Harbor, Conn., author­ · H. R. 4985. An act to regulate interstate commerce in ized by the River and Harbor Act approved August 30, 1935 l>ituminous coal, and for other purposes. : Joint resolution By Mr. SCO'IT: A bill New York City, concerning the most-favored-nation cia~ to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. in reciprocal trade agreements; to the Committee on Ways By Mr. COLE of Maryland: A bill (H. R. 6504) granting a and Means. · pension to Laura C. Hobbs; to the Committee on Invalid 1881. By Mr. McLEAN: Petition, numerously signed rela­ Pensions. tive to preservation of forests of the Olympic Peni~sula; By Mr. COLE of New York: A bill (H. R. 6505) granting to the Committee on Agriculture. an increase of pension to Louisa C. Ludwig; to the Com­ 1882. By Mr. MEAD: Petition of the Buffalo Junior Cham­ mittee on Invalid Pensions. ber of Commerce, Buffalo, N.Y., requesting Congress to pre­ Also, a bill at or near a point in the vicinity of Point of Rocks in Fred­ The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration erick County and a point near the south end of Loudoun of the recess. County to take the place of a bridge destroyed by flood in THE JOURNAL 1936; On request of Mr. RoBINSON, and by unanimous consent, H. R. 4711. An act to extend the times for commencing the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of the calendar and completing the construction of a bridge across Puget day Monday, April 19, 1937, was dispensed with, and the Sound at or near a point commonly kriown as The Narrows Journal was approved. · in the State of Washington; H. R. 4794. An act to extend the times for commencing and MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT completing the construction of a bridge across the Potomac A message in writing from the President of the United River at or near Dahlgren, Va.; States was communicated to the Senate by Mr. Latta, one H. R. 4801. An act authorizing the county of Wahkiakum, of his secretaries. a legal political subdivision of the State of Washington, to MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE construct, maintain, and operate a free highway bridge A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. across the Columbia River between Puget Island and the Megill, one of its clerks, announced that the House passed mainland, Cathlamet, State of Washington; without amendment the following bills of the Senate: H. R. 5171. An act to reimpose a trust on certain lands S.l173. An act to amend an act entitled "An act author­ . allotted on the Yakima Indian Reservation; izing the construction of certain public works on rivers and H. R. 5179. An act granting the consent of Congress to the harbors for flood control, and for other purposes", approved county commissioners of Essex County, in the State of Mas­ June 22, 1936; - sachusetts, to construct, reconstruct, maintain, and operate s. 1280. An act to repeal an act of March 3, 1933, entitled a free highway bridge across the Merrimack River between "An act to provide for the transfer of powder and other the city of Haverhill and the town of Groveland, Mass.; explosive materials from deteriorated and unserviceable am­ H. R. 5467. An act to extend the times for· commencing munition under the control of the War Department to the and completing the construction of a bridge across the Mis­ Department of Agriculture for use in land clearing, drain­ sissippi River between St. Louis, Mo., and Stites, m; age, road building, and other agricultural purposes"; H. R. 5468. An act to extend the times for comin