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Masterarbeit / Master's Thesis MASTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master´s Thesis „Durchquerung des ‚Schwarzen Kontinents’ per Motorrad 1935-1936“ Wiener Arbeiterjugend auf Afrikareise verfasst von / submitted by Christine Lustig-Leignitz, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (M.A.) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 803 degree programm code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Masterstudium Geschichte degree programm as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von/ Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Walter Sauer Danksagung Das Gelingen dieser Masterarbeit verdanke ich mehreren Personen die mich unterstützt haben und bei denen ich mich bedanken möchte. Mein besonderer Dank gilt meinem Betreuer Univ.-Professor Dr. Walter Sauer, der mir mit vielen Ratschlägen, seiner unermesslichen Geduld und einer Vorauswahl von relevanten Quellen, an die man nur im SADOCC (Southern Africa Documentation and Cooperation Centre) herankommt, die Erstellung meiner Masterarbeit ermöglicht hat. Immer ein offenes Ohr für meine Anliegen hatten Frau Regina Bosch/Frau Marion Barylak am Institut für Geschichte der Historisch-Kulturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät. Ein großes Dankeschön gilt dem Zeitzeugen Herrn Prof. Heinz Weiss, der mir aus seinen freundschaftlichen Kontakten zur Familie Böhmer im Rahmen einiger Gespräche (im Café am Platz in Hietzing, zuletzt am 15.April 2015) zahlreiche Impulse gegeben und nicht allgemein zugängliche Materialien aus seinem Privatbesitz für diese Arbeit zur Verfügung gestellt hat. Mein Dank geht auch an Herrn Michael Schulze, der mir Material über die damalige Motorisierung zur Verfügung stellte. Ohne die Unterstützung meiner Freunde wäre die Arbeit in dieser Form nicht zustande gekommen, ihnen allen gebührt entsprechender Dank. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Zielsetzungen der vorliegenden Arbeit .......................................................................... 2 2. Der politische Hintergrund ................................................................................................ 4 2.1. Österreich in der Zwischenkriegszeit 1918-1938: eine neue Verfassung ...................... 5 2.2. Strukturbrüche ................................................................................................................ 7 2.3. Bevölkerungsentwicklung .............................................................................................. 7 2.4. Sozialistische, katholische und jüdische Jugendorganisationen .................................... 8 2.5. Abmilderung des sozialen Elends .................................................................................. 9 2.6. Einführung der Wohnbausteuer ................................................................................... 10 2.7. System Breitner in der Krise (1930-1934) ................................................................... 11 2.8. Die Seipel-Sanierung ................................................................................................... 12 2.9. Arbeitslosigkeit in der Ersten Republik ....................................................................... 13 2.10. Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Heimwehr und Schutzbund ................................... 14 2.11. Ausschaltung des Parlaments und Etablierung eines Ständestaates .......................... 15 3. Die teilnehmenden Personen und ihre Aufgabenbereiche ............................................ 19 4. „Curricula Vitae“ der einzelnen Teilnehmer ................................................................. 24 4.1. Josef Böhmer: geb. 09.01.1905 in Wien, gest. 16.02.1999 in Wien ........................... 24 4.2. Hilde Böhmer (geb. Zechmeister): geb. 14.04.1906 in Wien, gest. 16.03.2003 in ..... 31 4.3. Heimkehr der Böhmers nach Wien .............................................................................. 33 4.4. Prof. Dr. Hans Slanar (04.08.1890 - 09.08.1955) ........................................................ 34 4.5. Prof. Eugen Schott (geb. 14. 09.1904, Sterbedatum unbekannt) ................................. 38 4.6. Ludwig Oswald Krenek (1903-1998) .......................................................................... 41 4.7. Kurt Ferdinand Klemm (Geburts- und Sterbedatum unbekannt)................................ 43 5. Allgemeine Vorbereitungen ............................................................................................. 44 5.1. Logistische Vorbereitungen ......................................................................................... 44 5.2. Medizinische Vorbereitungen ...................................................................................... 44 5.3. Wissenschaftliche Datenaufbereitung und Datenerfassung vor Ort ............................ 45 5.4. Technische Adaptierung der Motorräder und Beiwagen ............................................. 47 5.5. Die finanziellen Aspekte der Reise .............................................................................. 49 6. Die Reiseroute (wesentliche Stationen) ........................................................................... 51 7. Die Abreise ........................................................................................................................ 52 8. Durchquerung des “Schwarzen Kontinents“ ................................................................. 55 8.1. Die Walfischbai (Walvis Bay) an der Südwestküste Afrikas ...................................... 55 8.2. Kurs Richtung Südafrikanische Union ........................................................................ 56 8.3. Kapstadt – politischer, wirtschaftlicher und gesellschaftlicher Hintergrund ............... 57 8.4. Durchquerung der Karroo ............................................................................................ 61 8.5. Kimberley, die Welthauptstadt der Diamanten ............................................................ 62 8.6. Das Gebiet der Drakensberge ...................................................................................... 67 8.7. Die Selbstverwaltung der Zulus ................................................................................... 69 8.8. Spannungsfeld: ursprüngliche Religion und Bekehrung zum Christentum ................. 70 8.9. Besonderheiten der Hochzeit eines einheimischen Paares .......................................... 72 8.10. Lebensweise der schwarzen Bevölkerung in der Zulureservation ............................. 74 8.11. Transvaal – ein seltsames Hügelland ......................................................................... 75 8.12. Johannesburg, die Stadt der Autos, Wolkenkratzer und des Goldes ........................ 75 8.13. Pretoria (Tshwane) - der Regierungssitz der Südafrikanischen Union ...................... 77 8.14. Richtung Pietersburg, eine Fahrt durch ödes Hügelland............................................ 78 8.15. Messina (bis 2003), heute: Musina ........................................................................... 78 8.16. Durch Rhodesien (Zimbabwe) ................................................................................... 78 8.17. Maschonaland – Dürre und Wassermangel ............................................................... 79 8.18. Bulawayo - eine gepflegte südrhodesische Stadt ...................................................... 80 8.19. Wankie, heute: Hwange – Viktoriafälle ..................................................................... 80 8.20. Logistische-technische Probleme in Nordrhodesien, heute: Zambia ........................ 82 8.21. Von Broken Hill zum Tanganyika, heute:Tanzania - Border .................................... 83 8.22. Mbeya......................................................................................................................... 84 8.23. Frauen - Exkurs .......................................................................................................... 85 8.24. Der Kilimandscharo und die „Safarijagd“ in Tanganjika, heute Tanzania ................ 86 8.25. Von Moshi nach Nairobi, der Hauptstadt Kenyas ..................................................... 91 8.26. Fahrt zum Äquator ..................................................................................................... 92 8.27. Von Nairobi in den Sudan nach Juba ......................................................................... 94 8.28. Die erste Nilfahrt ........................................................................................................ 95 8.29. Khartum und die Wüstenfahrt .................................................................................... 96 8.30. Die zweite Nilfahrt ..................................................................................................... 97 8.31. Von Shellal nach Assuan, von Kom Ombo nach Edfu .............................................. 98 8.32. Luxor .......................................................................................................................... 98 8.33. Kairo – Alexandria ..................................................................................................... 99 9. Rückreise nach Europa .................................................................................................. 101 9.1. Empfang in Wien 9. März 1936 und kommerzielle Verwertung ..............................
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