DOCSLIB.ORG

Field Guide to Forest Plants of Northern Idaho

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Field Guide to Forest Plants of Northern Idaho United States Department of Agriculture Field Guide to Forest Service Forest Plants of Intermountain Research Station Ogden, Utah 84401 Northern Idaho General Technical Patricia A. Patterson Report INT-180 Kenneth E. Neiman April 1985 Jonalea R. Tonn THE AUTHORS Patricia A. Patterson, forester, Clearwater National Forest, was assigned major responsibility for development of this field g.uide, while assisting the northern ldaho habitat type refinement project. She holds B.S. degrees in both forest management and wood utilization from the University of ldaho where she is currently working on an M.S. degree in forest management. She was a seasonal employee for the Clearwater National Forest since 1981. Kenneth E. Neiman, plant ecologist, Clearwater National Forest, was co-leader of the northern ldaho habitat type refinement project and directed this effort to create a regional field guide for plant species of ecological importance. He holds a B.S. degree in range management and an M.S. degree in forest and range ecology both from Washington State Univerisity, and is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in forest ecology at the University of Idaho. He was Zone Ecologist for the northern ldaho national forests since 1981 . Jonalea R. Tonn, forester, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, originally developed a similar guide for use by INT research field crews. She has been directly involved in developing, writing, and reviewing all material in this field guide. She earned both a B.S. and an M.F. in forestry from the University of Idaho. She joined the Intermountain Station at Moscow in 1978. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Major financial support for this guide was provided by Timber Management, Northern Region of the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and the Clearwater National Forest, Nezperce National Forest, and the ldaho Panhandle National Forests through a cooperative agreement with the lntermoutain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Many people have volunteered their time and effort in reviewing and contributing to this publication. We wish to thank the following individuals whose aid, suggestions, and support have greatly increased the quality of this guide: Peter F. Stickney (Inter-mountain Station), Anita Cholewa (Washington State University), Daniel J . Holden (Nezperce National Forest), Fredric D. Johnson (University of Idaho), Charles A. Wellner (USDA Forest Service, retired), and Richard T. Bingham (USDA Forest Service, retired). Reviews and suggestions were supplied by persons too numerous to list here with the exception of Cynthia Lacky and Kathleen Roche (Idaho Panhandle National Forests). Many long hours of volunteer labor along with constructive suggestions were supplied by Donald Patterson (Clearwater National Forest) during 'the initial development and creation of this field guide. Drawings originally published in C. L. Hitchcock and others (1955-69) were used with permission from the University of Washington Press. New illustrations have been added through the volunteer efforts of Anita Cholewa, Lisa Marie Skovlin, (Sawtooth National Forest)' and Kathleen Dawes (Moscow, ID). CONTENTS Page Introduction .............................. 1 Species Description Format ...................... 2 I Trees ................................. 5 Shrubs ................................ 29 Ferns and Friends .......................... 83 Forbs ................................. 97 Graminoids .............................. 195 Descriptive Drawings ......................... 221 Collecting and Pressing Methods ....................229 Glossary ...............................232 References ..............................239 Index of Scientific Names .......................242 Index of Common Names ........................244 TABLES Key to Native Trees and Tall Shrubs ............... 7 Betula Conspectus ....................... 11 Shrub Characteristics ...................... 30 Alnus Conspectus ........................33 Ribes Conspectus ....................... 60 Rosa Conspectus ........................ 63 Rubus Conspectus ....................... 67 Vaccinium Conspectus ..................... 78 Key to Ferns and Friends .................... 84 Forb Characteristics ....................... 98 Corallorhiza Conspectus .................... 126 Liliaceae Conspectus ......................129 Habenaria Conspectus ..................... 142 Mitella Conspectus .......................156 Pyrola Conspectus ....................... 170 Viola Conspectus .......................190 Graminoid Characteristics .....................196 Carex Conspectus .......................202 Luzula Conspectus ......................213 Figure 1 .--The portion of Idaho (hatched area) covered by this guide. INTRODUCTION This field guide has been developed specifically to complement the --Forest Habitat Types of Northern ldaho (Cooper and others 1983). The geographic area covered is Idaho's forested lands from the Salmon River drainage north to the Canadian border (fig. 1). This guide is not meant to be a comprehensive taxonomy to northern ldaho flora, but rather an identification aid for species having forested habitat type indicator value within this geographic area. Criteria for species selection were: common overall occurrence in mature to old-growth forested stands, special environmental or habitat type indicator value, and special interest within northern Idaho. Additional species have been included that are ~norphologically similar to and often confused with selected indicator species. Species descriptions are based on Flora of the Pacific Northwest (C.L. Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973) and Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest, Parts 1-5 (C.L. Hitchcock and others 1955-1969). Frorn the above sources, we constructed characteristics tables, dichotomous keys and conspectuses as a simplified means to initially determine genus or species. Within the characteristics table, pseudo-keys using one or more easily determined characteristics, such as leaf arrangement, are used to group species. Final identification must correlate the specimens' characteristics with the species description. The species descriptions and keys were developed for people with a minimum of botanical training. We emphasized characteristics that are useful for field identification of the species within the context of a northern ldaho location. In other geographic areas having a different floristic composition or environment, these distinctive field characteristics may not be usable for identification of a species. Citations for a number of authoritative floras for northern ldaho are included in the References. This publication is the product of two previous informal drafts. Many corrections, additional species, keys, species comparison guides, and handy field characteristics have been added. As updating, correcting, and improving are unending tasks for botanical field guides, the authors would appreciate receiving comments, suggestions, or criticisms at: USDA Forest Service lnternouritain Forest and Range Experiment Station 1221 S. hlain Street Moscow, IC 83843 SPECIES DESCRIPTION FORMAT (A) FAMILY Tribe (B) Genus specific epithet' Authorship (C) Standard vegetation code (Dl common name or names FORM: Lifeform or habit with general description of height and roots. NATIONAL or IDAHO CHAMP ION : Record tree measl~relnents and general locatiorl (E). STEMS: General characterist~cs(F) and rneasurernents (G) BARK: General chat.acteristics ( F] anri ~neasur-emc-nts (G). BUDS: General characteristics IF) .irid rrieascr r-emcnts (G) BUNDLE SCARS: General char-~ctc.11st1c.5 (F) and measure~nents(G). LEAVES: General characteristics (F:) and rneasut-enients (G). FLOWERS: Genera! characterist~cs (F) arid me~surerricr~tsIG). SPORANGIUM: General charactet,istics (F) arld rneasl.lru-- ments (G) used to describe the rep~.o(luc.tive str~~ctut.esin Ferns and Friends. INFLORESCENCE: General chat-a~ter~~L~~~( F) and rncasure ments (G) used to descr-lbe grarn~no~ds CONES: General characteristics (F) and rneas~~l.enlents(GI. FRUIT: General characteristics (F) and rneasurements (G) ENEMIES: List of common injurious diseascs and insects in order of decreasing damage potential. A generalized detrimental or advantageous response to Fire (ti1. SIMILAR SPECIES: List of easily confused genus and species HABITAT: General site character-istics (J! . NOTES: Special interest items 1K) CONSTANCY TABLE: A table of constancy by habitat type for c.azh species is included along the Inner margin [L). ' Letter codes explained in mow detail on pages 3-4. 2 (A) The species description layout was patterned after a similar description layout in Randall and Kenistoti (19G8). The text and terminology style was patterned after the above cited plant taxonomies. Line drawings used throughout the guide are from C.L. Hitchcock and others (1955-1969), Hayes and Garrison (IgGO), and Anon. (1981 ) . Additional drawings were provided by persons listed in Acknowlegments. Scale perspective is provided by a six foot forester standing next to a typical plant. (B) Family from CI-onquist (1931). GRAMINEAE tribes from A.S Hitchcock (1971). (C) The authority used for species authorship was C.L. Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973). (D) Standarized vegetation codes are frorn Garrison and others (1976). These codes facilitate species field data entry and data exchange between agencies. This system uses the first two letters of the genus and specific epithet to create a 4-letter code, such as Asca fot- Asarum caudatum. In cases of duplication a suffix number is added,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plant List Bristow Prairie & High Divide Trail
    *Non-native Bristow Prairie & High Divide Trail Plant List as of 7/12/2016 compiled by Tanya Harvey T24S.R3E.S33;T25S.R3E.S4 westerncascades.com FERNS & ALLIES Pseudotsuga menziesii Ribes lacustre Athyriaceae Tsuga heterophylla Ribes sanguineum Athyrium filix-femina Tsuga mertensiana Ribes viscosissimum Cystopteridaceae Taxaceae Rhamnaceae Cystopteris fragilis Taxus brevifolia Ceanothus velutinus Dennstaedtiaceae TREES & SHRUBS: DICOTS Rosaceae Pteridium aquilinum Adoxaceae Amelanchier alnifolia Dryopteridaceae Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea Holodiscus discolor Polystichum imbricans (Sambucus mexicana, S. cerulea) Prunus emarginata (Polystichum munitum var. imbricans) Sambucus racemosa Rosa gymnocarpa Polystichum lonchitis Berberidaceae Rubus lasiococcus Polystichum munitum Berberis aquifolium (Mahonia aquifolium) Rubus leucodermis Equisetaceae Berberis nervosa Rubus nivalis Equisetum arvense (Mahonia nervosa) Rubus parviflorus Ophioglossaceae Betulaceae Botrychium simplex Rubus ursinus Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata Sceptridium multifidum (Alnus sinuata) Sorbus scopulina (Botrychium multifidum) Caprifoliaceae Spiraea douglasii Polypodiaceae Lonicera ciliosa Salicaceae Polypodium hesperium Lonicera conjugialis Populus tremuloides Pteridaceae Symphoricarpos albus Salix geyeriana Aspidotis densa Symphoricarpos mollis Salix scouleriana Cheilanthes gracillima (Symphoricarpos hesperius) Salix sitchensis Cryptogramma acrostichoides Celastraceae Salix sp. (Cryptogramma crispa) Paxistima myrsinites Sapindaceae Selaginellaceae (Pachystima myrsinites)
    [Show full text]
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • WRITTEN FINDINGS of the WASHINGTON STATE NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL BOARD 2018 Noxious Weed List Proposal
    DRAFT: WRITTEN FINDINGS OF THE WASHINGTON STATE NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL BOARD 2018 Noxious Weed List Proposal Scientific Name: Tussilago farfara L. Synonyms: Cineraria farfara Bernh., Farfara radiata Gilib., Tussilago alpestris Hegetschw., Tussilago umbertina Borbás Common Name: European coltsfoot, coltsfoot, bullsfoot, coughwort, butterbur, horsehoof, foalswort, fieldhove, English tobacco, hallfoot Family: Asteraceae Legal Status: Proposed as a Class B noxious weed for 2018, to be designated for control throughout Washington, except for in Grant, Lincoln, Adams, Benton, and Franklin counties. Images: left, blooming flowerheads of Tussilago farfara, image by Caleb Slemmons, National Ecological Observatory Network, Bugwood.org; center, leaves of T. farfara growing with ferns, grasses and other groundcover species; right, mature seedheads of T. farfara before seeds have been dispersed, center and right images by Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org. Description and Variation: The common name of Tussilago farfara, coltsfoot, refers to the outline of the basal leaf being that of a colt’s footprint. Overall habit: Tussilago farfara is a rhizomatous perennial, growing up to 19.7 inches (50 cm tall), which can form extensive colonies. Plants first send up flowering stems in the spring, each with a single yellow flowerhead. Just before or after flowers have formed seeds, basal leaves on long petioles grow from the rhizomes, with somewhat roundish leaf blades that are more or less white-woolly on the undersides. Roots: Plants have long creeping, white scaly rhizomes (Griffiths 1994, Chen and Nordenstam 2011). Rhizomes are branching and have fibrous roots (Barkley 2006). They are also brittle and can break easily (Pfeiffer et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Coptis Trifolia Conservation Assessment
    CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT for Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. Originally issued as Management Recommendations December 1998 Marty Stein Reconfigured-January 2005 Tracy L. Fuentes USDA Forest Service Region 6 and USDI Bureau of Land Management, Oregon and Washington CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT FOR COPTIS TRIFOLIA Table of Contents Page List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. 2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ 2 Summary........................................................................................................................................ 4 I. NATURAL HISTORY............................................................................................................. 6 A. Taxonomy and Nomenclature.......................................................................................... 6 B. Species Description ........................................................................................................... 6 1. Morphology ................................................................................................................... 6 2. Reproductive Biology.................................................................................................... 7 3. Ecological Roles ............................................................................................................. 7 C. Range and Sites
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Vii Table of Contents
    CHAPTER VII TABLE OF CONTENTS VII. APPENDICES AND REFERENCES CITED........................................................................1 Appendix 1: Description of Vegetation Databases......................................................................1 Appendix 2: Suggested Stocking Levels......................................................................................8 Appendix 3: Known Plants of the Desolation Watershed.........................................................15 Literature Cited............................................................................................................................25 CHAPTER VII - APPENDICES & REFERENCES - DESOLATION ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS i VII. APPENDICES AND REFERENCES CITED Appendix 1: Description of Vegetation Databases Vegetation data for the Desolation ecosystem analysis was stored in three different databases. This document serves as a data dictionary for the existing vegetation, historical vegetation, and potential natural vegetation databases, as described below: • Interpretation of aerial photography acquired in 1995, 1996, and 1997 was used to characterize existing (current) conditions. The 1996 and 1997 photography was obtained after cessation of the Bull and Summit wildfires in order to characterize post-fire conditions. The database name is: 97veg. • Interpretation of late-1930s and early-1940s photography was used to characterize historical conditions. The database name is: 39veg. • The potential natural vegetation was determined for each polygon in the analysis
    [Show full text]
  • Representativeness Assessment of Research Natural Areas on National Forest System Lands in Idaho
    USDA United States Department of Representativeness Assessment of Agriculture Forest Service Research Natural Areas on Rocky Mountain Research Station National Forest System Lands General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-45 in Idaho March 2000 Steven K. Rust Abstract Rust, Steven K. 2000. Representativeness assessment of research natural areas on National Forest System lands in Idaho. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-45. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 129 p. A representativeness assessment of National Forest System (N FS) Research Natural Areas in ldaho summarizes information on the status of the natural area network and priorities for identification of new Research Natural Areas. Natural distribution and abundance of plant associations is compared to the representation of plant associations within natural areas. Natural distribution and abundance is estimated using modeled potential natural vegetation, published classification and inventory data, and Heritage plant community element occur- rence data. Minimum criteria are applied to select only viable, high quality plant association occurrences. In assigning natural area selection priorities, decision rules are applied to encompass consideration of the adequacy and viability of representation. Selected for analysis were 1,024 plant association occurrences within 21 4 natural areas (including 115 NFS Research Natural Areas). Of the 1,566 combinations of association within ecological sections, 28 percent require additional data for further analysis; 8, 40, and 12 percent, respectively, are ranked from high to low conservation priority; 13 percent are fully represented. Patterns in natural area needs vary between ecological section. The result provides an operational prioritization of Research Natural Area needs at landscape and subregional scales.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
    [Show full text]
  • TAXONOMY Plant Family Species Scientific Name
    Plant Propagation Protocol for LANE3 ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production Protocol URL: https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/LANE3.pdf Source 4 TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name Fabaceae ∕ Leguminosae1 Common Name Pea1 Species Scientific Name Scientific Name Lathyrus nevadensis S. Watson1 Varieties Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. lanceolatus var. nuttallii (S. Watson) (Howell) C.L. Hitchc.1 Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. lanceolatus var. parkeri (S. Watson) (Howell) (H. St. John) C.L. Hitchc. 1 Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. lanceolatus var. pilosellus (S. Watson) (Howell) (M. Peck) C.L. Hitchc. 1 Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. lanceolatus var. puniceus (S. Watson) (Howell) C.L. Hitchc. 1 Sub-species Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. cusickii (S. Watson) C.L. Hitchc. 1 Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. lanceolatus (Howell) C.L. Hitchc. 1 Lathyrus nevadensis ssp. Nevadensis S. Watson. 1 Cultivar None Common Synonym(s) Lathyrus lanceolatus Howell.4 Lathyrus nuttallii S. Watson.4 Common Name(s) Sierra Pea2, Sierra Sweet Pea2, Sierran Vetching2, Purple Peavine3, Cusick’s pea8 Species Code (as per USDA LANE31 Plants database) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range Source 1 Source 4 Source 5 Ecological distribution Mixed deciduous and coniferous slopes.2 Dry soil.2 Part-shade.2 Moderately moist to dry open woods and clearings.3, 8 Occurs from California to British Columbia, and as far East as Idaho.1 Found predominately on low-mid mountain slopes.3 Climate and elevation range Grows at elevations between 450m-2300m.6 Boreal, temperate, or cool mesothermic climates. Local
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRTR—2010/347 ON THE COVER Mount Rainier and meadow courtesy of 2007 Mount Rainier National Park Vegetation Crew Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRTR—2010/347 Regina M. Rochefort North Cascades National Park Service Complex 810 State Route 20 Sedro-Woolley, Washington 98284 June 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data.
    [Show full text]
  • Algific Talus (Cts46)
    Species Frequently Found in Native Plant Communities Southern Algific Talus (CTs46) Types in Class: Algific Talus (CTs46a) Limestone Subtype (CTs46a1) Dolomite Subtype (CTs46a2) Scientific Name Column1 Common Name Rare Status Abies balsamea Balsam fir Acer saccharum Sugar maple Acer spicatum Mountain maple Adoxa moschatellina Moschatel Special Concern Allium cernuum Nodding wild onion Threatened Arabis hirsuta Hairy rock cress Betula alleghaniensis Yellow birch Chrysosplenium iowense Iowa golden saxifrage Endangered Cryptogramma stelleri Slender cliff brake Cystopteris bulbifera Bulblet fern Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's breeches Enemion biternatum False rue anemone Gymnocarpium robertianum Northern oak fern Impatiens spp. touch-me-not Impatiens capensis Spotted touch-me-not Impatiens pallida Pale touch-me-not Laportea canadensis Wood nettle Linnaea borealis var. longiflora Twinflower Mertensia paniculata Panicled bluebells Mitella nuda Naked miterwort Pinus strobus White pine Rhamnus alnifolia Dwarf alder Ribes hudsonianum Northern black currant Rubus idaeus var. strigosus Red raspberry Sambucus racemosa Red-berried elder Saxifraga pensylvanica Swamp saxifrage Taxus canadensis Canada yew Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis Stinging nettle Viburnum trilobum Highbush cranberry Source: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (2005). Field Guide to the Native Plant Communities of Minnesota: The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province. Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. MNDNR St. Paul, MN. Limestone Subtype (CTs46a1) Scientific Name Column1 Common Name Rare Status No information available Dolomite Subtype (CTs46a2) Scientific Name Column1 Common Name Rare Status No information available Source: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (2005). Field Guide to the Native Plant Communities of Minnesota: The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province. Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.4 Biological Resources
    4.4 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES INTRODUCTION This section describes the existing biological resources that occur or have the potential to occur within the Project Area and vicinity. In addition, a description of applicable regulations is provided. The analysis evaluates the potential impacts to biological resources that could occur in association with the development of property in the commercial districts and the implementation of the Mobility Element. The Land Use Element/Zoning Code Amendments would modify the development regulations and no specific projects are proposed at this time. Likewise, the roadway and trail alignments are conceptual in nature. Therefore, the analysis is evaluated at a program‐level. With a programmatic study, such as this EIR, subsequent projects carried out under the proposed Land Use Element/ Zoning Code Amendments and Mobility Element Update may warrant site specific biological assessments and surveys once plans have been prepared. 1. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING a. Regulatory Framework As part of the proposed Project’s review and approval there are a number of performance criteria and standard conditions that must be met. These include compliance with all of the terms, provisions, and requirements of applicable laws that relate to Federal, State, and local regulating agencies for impacts to biological resources. The following provides an overview of the applicable regulations with regard to the biological resources that may be present within the Project Area. (1) Federal (a) Migratory Bird Treaty Act The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) protects individuals as well as any part, nest, or eggs of any bird listed as migratory. In practice, Federal permits issued for activities that potentially impact migratory birds typically have conditions that require pre‐disturbance surveys for nesting birds.
    [Show full text]