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C O TIN G A 4 Parque Nacional Ybycuí

The of Parque Nacional Ybycuí,

Floyd E. Hayes and Paul A. Scharf

Resumen El Parque Nacional Ybycuí está compuesta de 5000 ha que se caracteriza por la presencia de bosque húmedo sobre colinas de pendiente suave, con arroyos y cataratas permanentes. El bosque es extenso, y representa el bosque húmedo más grande en el oeste de la región Oriental del Paraguay. El bosque representa el límite occidental de muchas especies de aves que son inhabitantes del bosque Paranense del Paraguay oriental y regiones adyacentes de Brasil y . Se presenta una lista de 223 especies de aves registradas en el parque. También se presentan direcciones para observar las aves a lo largo de los senderos del parque. Parque Nacional Ybycuí, established in 1973, U.S.A.), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the is located about 150 km south-east of the Para­ University of California (Berkeley, California, guayan capital Asunción, in Departamento U.S.A.), and Museo Nacional de Historia Natu­ Paraguarí. The park is named after the nearby ral del Paraguay (MNHNP; San Lorenzo, town of Ybycuí, which means “sand” in Paraguay). Information on the natural history Guaraní. The park comprises 5000 ha of sub­ of the park has been summarized in a guide tropical deciduous on rolling hills to some of the park’s vertebrates1 and in a se­ dissected by clear, cascading streams and sev­ ries of articles on the natural history of Arroyo eral scenic waterfalls. The forest, which Mina, the major stream on the western side reaches a height of about 30 m, is the most of the park3–6,8,12–14. extensive tract of humid forest remaining in The only previously published information the western Orient of Paraguay, and currently on the birds of Ybycuí includes a brief list of represents the westernmost limit of many spe­ birds along Arroyo Mina13, a few men­ cies of birds characteristic of the Paraná tioned in a brief review of the park2, and a few of eastern Paraguay and adjacent Bra­ specimens and observations of migrants re­ zil and Argentina9. Ironically, much of this ported in two recent publications on forest was cut and burned in the 1860s to pro­ migrants in Paraguay10,11 and in a review of duce iron during the War of the Triple Alliance the birds of Paraguay9. During the period of (1865–1870), which pitted Paraguay against 1987-1994, we intermittently spent 28 days , and Argentina. The historic observing the birds of the park during each ironworks are preserved at Santa Rosa, at the south-western entrance to the park. Ornithological work within the park began in June 1979, when Philip Myers of the Uni­ versity of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ; Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.) spent a few weeks collecting birds and mammals in the area. During the early 1980s, an exten­ sive collection of birds was obtained from Ybycuí by the Inventario Biológico Nacional, a fledgling project under the auspices of the Servicio Forestal Nacional7. Unfortunately lit­ tle has been published about the specimens collected, which are currently housed in the ornithological collections of the National Mu­ Arroyo Mina with Salto Cristal in the background at seum of Natural History (Washington, D.C., Parque Nacional Ybycuí. Paraguay. (Floyd E. Hayes)

14 C O T IN G A 4 Parque Nacional Ybycuí

Map of Parque Nacional Ybycuí month of the year except January. Further ob­ Parque Nacional Ybycuí is only a two hour servations were made by Beatrix E. Treiterer, drive from Asunción. By bus, the park is best a U.S. Peace Corps Volunteer who worked at reached by catching the 07h00 “Ybycuí” bus Ybycuí during 1989–1991. A list of 223 species at the terminal in Asunción. The bus arrives is given in Table 1, based mostly on our obser­ in the town of Ybycuí at about 10hl5, and from vations, specimen records at the UMMZ (other the Ybycuí bus station you must transfer to museums have not given permission to pub­ the “Mbocaya-pucú” bus, which leaves the ter­ lish their records), and a few reported minal at about 11h00. This bus normally sightings. Undoubtedly many others will be passes beside the park headquarters, where added in the future as birders spend more time you can ask the driver to drop you off. But in the park and the specimens in other muse­ during rain, the bus stops where the pavement ums are reported. ends about 2 km south of the park headquar-

15 C O TIN G A 4 Parque Nacional Ybycuí ters. Camping is available at the park head­ trails on the other side of the river. quarters; the nearest hotels are located in the Cross Arroyo Mina just above Salto Cristal town Ybycuí. to another picnic area on the east side of the Driving to Ybycuí is much more convenient. stream. When the water is high, crossing the Drive south-east on Ruta 2 toward stream requires a balancing act across a nar­ Encarnación. After passing through Yaguarón row log bridge from which birders have slipped and Paraguarí you will cross a relatively flat (a birder recently soaked a Marantz recorder area that ends at Carapeguá. Turn left at the here), so be careful. At the upstream (north) intersection in Carapeguá and drive through end of this picnic area there is a trail that con­ the towns of Acahay and Ybycuí. In Ybycuí, tinues upstream about a kilometre to Salto follow the main paved road through the town Guarani, another scenic waterfall. Just before and continue beyond the town until it ends at reaching the waterfall there are two streams the border of Parque Nacional Ybycuí. that must be carefully crossed. Along this trail Where the pavement ends, you may wish we have seen Solitary to park and walk at La Rosada, the historical solitarius, Gray-hooded Flycatcher Mionectes ironworks site. A small lake and some swampy rufiventris, Cream-bellied Gnatcatcher areas have produced most of the waterbirds Polioptila lactea and Chestnut-headed seen within the park, and an assortment of Pyrrhocoma ruficeps. A newer trail on land birds can be seen in the trees bordering the west side of the stream, just upstream the fields. To continue to the park headquar­ from the restrooms, winds upstream to the top ters, turn left (north) onto a dirt road and of Salto Guaraní. Birding along this trail can continue about 2 km to a fenced-in area with also be rewarding. several buildings on the right. Personnel from An even longer trail system begins at the the park live here, and can provide you with downstream (south) end of the picnic area, further information. Camping is permitted. On beginning with a steep (but short) descent at the left side of the road there is a narrow trail the east side of Salto Cristal. This trail bor­ (often overgrown) that winds up the hill for a ders the river downstream for about 2.5 km, short distance to a lookout (mirador) from ending at the Santa Rosa historical area and which you can see the forest covering passing through a swampy area along the way. the valley and hills. Rufous Gnateater Nearly 1 km downstream from this picnic Conopophaga lineata has been seen along this area, another trail branches perpendicularly trail. to the left, and climbs uphill through the for­ From the park headquarters, continue a est, eventually winding through some small few hundred metres up the road to a large clearings and ending in a large clearing. Along clearing with a visitor center on the left and a these trails we have heard Pheasant picnic area and restrooms on the right. Park phasianellus and seen Short­ along the road and walk a short distance to­ tailed Antthrush Chamaeza campanisona ward Arroyo Mina, a small river, on the right. (three in one day) and Red-ruffed Fruitcrow At this point you will see Salto Cristal, the Pyroderus scutatus. largest and most scenic waterfall in the park, Some of the more ubiquitous species in the which attracts hordes of “Asunceños” during park include Surucua Trogon summer weekends. The waterfall also attracts surrucura, Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner Great Dusky Swifts senex and Philydor lichtensteini, Plain Antvireo White-collared Swifts Streptoprocne zonaris, Dysithamnus mentalis, Blue (-tailed) which fly in during the evening to roost. M anakin Chiroxiphia caudata, G olden- Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus and nematura can be regularly found along the Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis banks upstream from the waterfall (listen for melanops. its high-pitched calls). Between this picnic area The main road continues northward along and park headquarters there is a small net­ the park, and birding can be productive along work of trails that may be good for birding. the sides of this road. It is the best place to White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus bird in the late afternoon, when the forest be­ leucophthalmus is often seen in this area. How­ comes too dark to see the birds along the forest ever, the best birding is along the forested trails.

16 C O T IN G A 4 Parque Nacional Ybycuí Acknowledgements 11. Hayes, F. E., Scharf, P. A. & Ridgely, R. S. Field work by FEH was conducted while serv­ (1994) Austral bird migrants in Paraguay. ing as a U.S. Peace Corps Volunteer for the Condor 96: 83–97. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Para­ 12. Kochalka, J. A. (1986) Las arañas comunes guay and as a bird guide for Neotropic Bird del Arroyo Mina. Bol. Inv. Biol. Nac. 8: 3. Tours; funds for a few trips were provided by 13. López, N. (1986) Aves del Arroyo Mina y the American School (in Asunción), U.S. Peace zonas aledañas. Bol. Inv. Biol. Nac. 8: 4. Corps, R. Perrin and D. Snider. Examination 14. Pérez de Molas, L. (1986) Vegetación del of specimens by FEH at the University of Arroyo Mina. Bol. Inv. Biol. Nac. 8: 5–6. Michigan Museum of Zoology was funded by a grant from Loma Linda University and fa­ Floyd E. Hayes cilitated by P. Chu, J. Hinshaw, R. Payne and Department of Biology, Caribbean Union College, R. Storer. Field work by PAS was conducted P.O. Box 175, Port of Spain, Trinidad & Tobago, incidental to his duties at the U.S. Embassy West Indies. in Asunción. We thank the companionship of many individuals (too many to name) who Paul A. Scharf shared our adventures and discoveries in the USMILGP , Unit 3301, APO AA field. We are especially indebted to B. Treiterer 34024. for providing a list of species observed in the park. Table 1. The birds of Parque Nacional Ybycuí, Paraguay. References The symbols before each species denote rela­ 1. Anon. (1982) Guía de Algunos Vertebrados tive abundance: C = common (observed daily del Parque Nacional Ybycuí. Ministerio de in appropriate habitat); U = uncommon (seen Agricultura y Ganadería and Servicio every 2–10 days); R = rare (seen at intervals Forestal Nacional, Asunción. of 10 or more days). Species not seen (or heard) 2. Anón. (1982) IUCN Directory of Neotropical by us are indicated by one or more asterisks Protected Areas. Dublin: Tycooly Interna­ at the end of the scientific name: * = speci­ tional Publishing Limited. men record at UMMZ; ** = specimen record 3. Anon. (1986) Historia natural del Arroyo at MNHNP10. follows the most re­ Mina del Parque Nacional Ybycuí. Bol. Inv. cent review of the birds of Paraguay9. Biol. Nac. 8:1. TINAMIDAE 4. Aquino, A. L. (1986) Anfibios del Arroyo R Tinamus solitarius Mina. Bol. Inv. Biol. Nac. 8: 4. R Small-billed Tinamou parvirostris* U Crypturellus tataupa 5. Bonace, R. T. (1986) Invertebrados U Spotted Nothura maculosa acuáticos del Arroyo Mina. Bol. Inv. Biol. PHALACROCORACIDAE Nac. 8: 2. R Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus 6. Drennen, D. (1986) Peces del Arroyo Mina. ANHINGIDAE Bol. Inv. Biol. Nac. 8: 2. R Anhinga Anhinga anhinga 7. Foster, M. S. (1983) Training biologists and ARDEIDAE resource managers in lesser developed U Whistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix countries. Interciencia 8: 289–293. U Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 8. Gamarra de Fox, I. (1986) Quirópteros que U Striated Heron Butorides striatus se encuentran a lo largo del Arroyo Mina. THRESKIORNITHIDAE Bol. Inv. Biol. Nac. 8: 3. R Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus 9. Hayes, F. E. (1995) Status, distribution and CATHARTIDAE biogeography of the birds of Paraguay. Colo­ C Black Vulture Coragyps atratus rado Springs, Colorado: American Birding ANATIDAE Association (Monogr. Field Ornithol. 1). R Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis 10. Hayes, F. E., Goodman, S. M., Fox, J. A., ACCIPITRIDAE Granizo Tamayo, T. & López, N. E. (1990) U Rufous-thighed Kite Harpagus diodon R Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea North American bird migrants in Para­ R Black-collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis guay. Condor 92: 947–960. C Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris R Swainson’s Hawk Buteo swainsoni

17 4 Parque Nacional Ybycuí R Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata C Crested Caracara plancus R Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis C Yellow-headed Caracara chimachima U Gilded Sapphire chrysura U Chimango Caracara Milvago chimango R Blue-tufted Starthroat Heliomaster furcifer R Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis R Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus TROGONIDAE R American Kestrel Falco sparverius R Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus R Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis C Trogon surrucura ODONTOPHORIDAE MOMOTIDAE R Spot-winged Wood-Quail Odontophorus capueira U Rufous-capped Motmot Baryphthengus ruficapillus RALLIDAE ALCEDINIDAE U Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus U Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquata C Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona ARAMIDAE U Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana U Limpkin Aramus guarauna BUCCONIDAE CHARADRIIDAE R White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru U Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis R Rusty-breasted Nunlet Nonnula rubecula JACANIDAE RAMPHASTIDAE R Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana U Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis PICIDAE SCOLOPACIDAE U White-barred Picumnus cirratus R Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria U White Melanerpes candidus R Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia** R Yellow-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes flavifrons U Little Woodpecker passerinus U Picazuro Pigeon Columba picazuro R White-spotted Woodpecker Veniliornis spilogaster R Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata U Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros U Ruddy Ground-Dove talpacoti C Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris C Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui R Pale-crested Woodpecker Celeus lugubris R Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa R Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus C White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi R Robust Woodpecker Campephilus robustus R Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla R Violaceous Quail-Dove Geotrygon violacea FURNARIIDAE C Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus PSITTACIDAE R Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla U White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus R Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens C Reddish-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis U Gray-bellied Spinetail Synallaxis cinerascens U Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri R Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla U Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani rufosuperciliata CUCULIDAE C Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner Philydor C Playa cayana lichtensteini R Dromococcyx phasianellus U Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Philydor rufus U Greater Ani Crotophaga major C White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus C Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani leucophthalmus C Guira Cuckoo Guira guira R Streaked Xenops rutilans R Xenops minutus STRIGIDAE R Rufous-breasted Leaftosser Sclerurus scansor U Tropical Screech-Owl Otus choliba C Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura U Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum R Mottled Owl Ciccaba virgata* DENDROCOLAPTIDAE U Olivaceous Sittasomus griseicapillus NYCTIBIIDAE U White-throated Woodcreeper albicollis U Gray Potoo Nyctibius griseus R Great Rufous Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes major CAPRIMULGIDAE R Planalto Woodcreeper platyrostris R Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus U Narrow-billed Woodcreeper U Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis angustirostris R Little Nightjar Caprimulgus parvulus R Scaled Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes squamatus R Lesser Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes fuscus APODIDAE U Great Dusky Cypseloides senex FORMICARIIDAE U White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris R Thamnophilus doliatus U Ashy-tailed Swift Chaetura andrei C Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens R Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris C Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis TROCHILIDAE U Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus R Scale-throated Hermit Phaethornis eurynome rufimarginatus R Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei R Dusky-tailed Drymophila malura R Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis C Short-tailed Antthrush Chamaeza campanisona U Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon R Rufous Gnateater Conopophaga lineata aureoventris TYRANNIDAE R Greenish Tyrannulet Phyllomyias virescens 18 C O T IN G A 4 Parque Nacional Ybycuí R Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma TROGLODYTIDAE obsoletum R Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapillus U Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola C House Wren Troglodytes aedon U Greenish Elaenia viridicata U Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster MUSCICAPIDAE R Small-billed Elaenia Elaenia parvirostris U Cream-bellied Gnatcatcher Polioptila lactea R Olivaceous Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca R Slaty Thrush Turdus nigriceps R Serpophaga nigricans C Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris R White-crested Tyrannulet Serpophaga subcristata U Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas U Gray-hooded Flycatcher Mionectes rufiventris U Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus U Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon R White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis amaurocephalus MIMIDAE U Southern Bristle-Tyrant Phylloscartes eximius U Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus U Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet Phylloscartes centralis R São Paulo Tyrannulet Phylloscartes paulistus VIREONIDAE U Corythopis delalandi U Red-eyed Vireo olivaceus U Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis auricularis U Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus poicilotis U Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus U Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis margaritaceiventer EMBERIZIDAE U Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum U Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi plumbeiceps R Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis U Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens C Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus R White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus C White-browed Warbler Basileuterus leucoblepharus R Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus C Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum U Euler’s Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri U Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota U Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus R Chestnut-backed Tanager Tangara preciosa R Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus U Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana R Spectacled Tyrant Hymenops perspicillatus C Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana U Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus R Blue-naped Chlorophonia Chlorophonia cyanea R Streamer-tailed Tyrant Gubernetes yetapa U Purple-throated Euphonia chlorotica R Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys U Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea C Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus R Golden-rumped Euphonia Euphonia cyanocephala U Rufous Casiornis Casiornis rufa R Chestnut-bellied Euphonia Euphonia pectoralis U Sirystes Sirystes sibilator C Sayaca Tanager sayaca R Swainson’s Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni R White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus R Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox C Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus U Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus C Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica C Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus R Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava C Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarhynchus pitangua C Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops R Social Flycatcher similis R Chestnut-headed Tanager Pyrrhocoma ruficeps R Three-striped Flycatcher Conopias trivirgata U Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata U Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus C Güira Tanager Hemithraupis güira R Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius R Swallow-Tanager Tersina viridis R Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius R Indigo Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea C Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus R Red-crested Paroaria coronata C Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana C Red-crested Coryphospingus cucullatus R White-naped Xenopsaris Xenopsaris albinucha U Saffron-billed Sparrow Arremon flavirostris R White-winged Pachyramphus polychopterus R Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina U Pachyramphus validus R Lesser Seed-Finch Oryzoborus angolensis U Greenish Schiffornis virescens R Haplospiza unicolor* U Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana C Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola U Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor R Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis COTINGIDAE C Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis R Red-ruffed Fruitcrow Pyroderus scutatus C Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi R Yellow-rumped Marshbird Pseudoleistes guirahuro PIPRIDAE R Screaming Molothrus rufoaxillaris C Swallow-tailed Chiroxiphia caudata R Scaphidura oryzivora R Wing-barred Manakin Piprites chloris C Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayanensis R Band-tailed Manakin Pipra fasciicauda* C Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous HIRUNDINIDAE U Gray-breasted Martin chalybea R Brown-chested Martin Phaeoprogne tapera U White-rumped Swallow leucorrhoa R Southern Rough-winged Swallow ruficollis R pyrrhonota C Purplish cyanomelas C Plush-crested Jay Cyanocorax chrysops

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