Comments on the Early/Middle Iron Age Chronology of Lake Van Basin
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Excavations at the Mound of Van Fortress / Tuspa*
CollAn X 2011 147-166 Excavations at the Mound of Van Fortress / Tuspa* Erkan Konyar Keywords: The Mound of Van Fortress, Iron Age, Urartu, lower settlement, stratigraphy Anahtar Kelimeler: Van Kalesi Höyüğü, Demir Çağı, Urartu, aşağı yerleşme, stratigrafi The Van Fortress/Tuspa, the capital city of the Urartians, rises on a 100 meter high conglomerate rocky outcrop on the eastern shore of the Van Lake, measuring 1400 m in length and a varying width of 230-60 m in north-south axis (Fig. 1). Every corner of the outcrop, which is alone a monument itself, was utilized by the Urartian architects. Royal rock tombs, monumental open air sanctuaries and palaces are the most prominent architectural features of the capital. Many cuneiform inscriptions either on the rock surfaces or on the stelae, further cement its position as a capital. It is possible to trace the cultural remains and chronology of the 200 years of Urartian rule in the levels at the lower settlement. The 750 m-long mound of Van fortress is located just north of the citadel and lies in an east-west direction parallel to the citadel itself. The area forms the northern section of the lower settlement, while the southern section is named as the Old City of Van. Both of them constituted the lower settlement of Tuspa. Our prime concern was the extent of the lower settlement, i.e. the mound, since all the previous excavators have suggested the presence of earlier levels beneath the Old City of Van. The 1990 campaign in particular revealed earlier Urartian levels in the Upper Citadel trenches which provided important data on the matter. -
1. the Chronological Structure of the Modern "History Textbook"
Part III. THE CHRONOLOGY AND GENERAL CONCEPTION OF ROMAN AND BYZANTINE HISTORY Fig. 15.2. Scaligerian dating of the events described by the fa- mous mediaeval English chroniclers – Galfridus Monemuten- sis and Nennius. See [577] and [155]. chapter 19 The problem of reconstructing the veracious version of Roman history The amended chronology of Rome and Byzantium nologists of the XVI-XVII century, J. Scaliger and was presented in the works of A. T. Fomenko (see D. Petavius. Most professional historians of our epoch Chron1 and Chron2). It is based on extensive com- do not dispute this version, although its veracity was puter calculations made in the course of analysing put to doubt by a number of scientists. the entire volume of historical and chronological data 2) The historical and chronological version of Sca- available today from the natural scientific point of liger and Petavius contains a number of phantom view. The new chronology of Rome and Byzantium duplicates, or repeated rendition of the same histor- implies that the consensual Scaligerian version of Ro- ical events that are presented as different ones and man and Byzantine chronology is blatantly erroneous. dated to different historical epochs, which are often We call for a revision of the surviving historical separated by centuries and even millennia. sources, which attain a totally new meaning when 3) All the events dated to the epochs that precede analysed from the position of the New Chronology. 1000 a.d. in the version of Scaliger and Petavius are Since Roman history is closely related to the his- phantoms that reflect more recent events in reality. -
The Possible Effects of Irrigation Schemes and Irrigation Methods on Water Budget and Economy in Atatürk Dam of South-Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey
The possible effects of irrigation schemes and irrigation methods on water budget and economy in Atatürk dam of south-eastern Anatolia region of Turkey Huseyin Demir1, Ahmet Zahir Erkan2, Nesrin Baysan2, Gonca Karaca Bilgen2 1 GAP Şanlıurfa Tünel Çıkış Ağzı 2 GAP Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey Abstract. The South-eastern Anatolia Project (GAP) has been implemented in the southeast part of Turkey, covering 9 provinces and the two most important rivers of Turkey. The main purpose of this gorgeous project is to uplift the income level and living standards of people in the region, to remove the inter-regional development disparities and to contribute to the national goals of economic development and social stability. The cost of the project is 32 billion USD consisting of 13 sub-projects in the river basins of Euphrates and Tigris. The project has evolved over time and has become multi sectoral, integrated and human based on the sustainable regional development. Upon the fully completion of the project, 1.8 Million hectares of land will be able to be irrigated in Euphrates and Tigris Basins through surface and underground water resources. From 1995 until now, 273.000 ha. of land have already been irrigated within the GAP Project. Roughly 739,000 ha. of this land will be irrigated from Atatürk Dam, the largest dam of GAP Project. At present, nearly ¼ of this area is under irrigation. Some technological developments have been experienced in the Project area, ranging from upstream controlled schemes having trapezoidal section, lined or unlined, to upstream controlled schemes having high pressurized piped system; and from conventional methods to drip irrigation method. -
Edinburgh Research Explorer
Edinburgh Research Explorer 'Dating the Death of Jesus' Citation for published version: Bond, H 2013, ''Dating the Death of Jesus': Memory and the Religious Imagination', New Testament Studies, vol. 59, no. 04, pp. 461-475. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0028688513000131 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1017/S0028688513000131 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: New Testament Studies Publisher Rights Statement: © Helen Bond, 2013. Bond, H. (2013). 'Dating the Death of Jesus': Memory and the Religious Imagination. New Testament Studies, 59(04), 461-475doi: 10.1017/S0028688513000131 General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 Dating the Death of Jesus: Memory and the Religious Imagination Helen K. Bond School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh, Mound Place, Edinburgh, EH1 2LX [email protected] After discussing the scholarly preference for dating Jesus’ crucifixion to 7th April 30 CE, this article argues that the precise date can no longer be recovered. All we can claim with any degree of historical certainty is that Jesus died some time around Passover (perhaps a week or so before the feast) between 29 and 34 CE. -
Tentative Lists Submitted by States Parties As of 15 April 2021, in Conformity with the Operational Guidelines
World Heritage 44 COM WHC/21/44.COM/8A Paris, 4 June 2021 Original: English UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Extended forty-fourth session Fuzhou (China) / Online meeting 16 – 31 July 2021 Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger 8A. Tentative Lists submitted by States Parties as of 15 April 2021, in conformity with the Operational Guidelines SUMMARY This document presents the Tentative Lists of all States Parties submitted in conformity with the Operational Guidelines as of 15 April 2021. • Annex 1 presents a full list of States Parties indicating the date of the most recent Tentative List submission. • Annex 2 presents new Tentative Lists (or additions to Tentative Lists) submitted by States Parties since 16 April 2019. • Annex 3 presents a list of all sites included in the Tentative Lists of the States Parties to the Convention, in alphabetical order. Draft Decision: 44 COM 8A, see point II I. EXAMINATION OF TENTATIVE LISTS 1. The World Heritage Convention provides that each State Party to the Convention shall submit to the World Heritage Committee an inventory of the cultural and natural sites situated within its territory, which it considers suitable for inscription on the World Heritage List, and which it intends to nominate during the following five to ten years. Over the years, the Committee has repeatedly confirmed the importance of these Lists, also known as Tentative Lists, for planning purposes, comparative analyses of nominations and for facilitating the undertaking of global and thematic studies. -
Russian History: a Brief Chronology (998-2000)
Russian History: A Brief Chronology (998-2000) 1721 Sweden cedes the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea to Russia (Treaty of Nystad). In celebration, Peter’s title Kievan Russia is changed from tsar to Emperor of All Russia Abolition of the Patrarchate of Moscow. Religious authority passes to the Holy Synod and its Ober- prokuror, appointed by the tsar. 988 Conversion to Christianity 1722 Table of Ranks 1237-1240 Mongol Invasion 1723-25 The Persian Campaign. Persia cedes western and southern shores of the Caspian to Russia Muscovite Russia 1724 Russia’s Academy of Sciences is established 1725 Peter I dies on February 8 1380 The Battle of Kulikovo 1725-1727 Catherine I 1480 End of Mongol Rule 1727-1730 Peter II 1462-1505 Ivan III 1730-1740 Anne 1505-1533 Basil III 1740-1741 Ivan VI 1533-1584 Ivan the Terrible 1741-1762 Elizabeth 1584-98 Theodore 1744 Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst arrives in Russia and assumes the name of Grand Duchess 1598-1613 The Time of Troubles Catherine Alekseevna after her marriage to Grand Duke Peter (future Peter III) 1613-45 Michael Romanoff 1762 Peter III 1645-76 Alexis 1762 Following a successful coup d’etat in St. Petersburg 1672-82 Theodore during which Peter III is assassinated, Catherine is proclaimed Emress of All Russia Imperial Russia 1762-1796 Catherine the Great 1767 Nakaz (The Instruction) 1772-1795 Partitions of Poland 1682-1725 Peter I 1773-1774 Pugachev Rebellion 1689 The Streltsy Revolt and Suppression; End of Sophia’s Regency 1785 Charter to the Nobility 1695-96 The Azov Campaigns 1791 Establishment fo the Pale of Settlement (residential restrictions on Jews) in the parts of Poland with large 1697-98 Peter’s travels abroad (The Grand Embassy) Jewish populations, annexed to Russia in the partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, and 1795) and in the 1698 The revolt and the final suppression of the Streltsy Black Sea liitoral annexed from Turkey. -
(A ) K E Yn O Te Sp Eake Rs (A ) Moderator
International 7th Landscape Architecture Congress 06 – 08 November 2019 Antalya “LANDSCAPES AS A COLLECTIVE MEMORY” DAY 1 - 6th November 2019 Wednesday 08:30 10:00 Registration 10.00 11.00 Opening Speeches 11:00 11:15 Coffee Break 11:15 11:45 Opening of Exhibition and Poster Presentation 12:00 13:00 Lunch Moderator: Prof. Dr. Şükran ŞAHİN 13:00 14:00 Vulnerability As An Asset. Landscape Design Moving People Forward - Valerio Cozzi (A) Reading The Historical Background of Landscape As An Asset - Oktan NALBANTOĞLU Keynote Keynote Speakers Speakers 14:00 14:15 Question-Answer 14:15 14:30 Coffee Break Moderator: Dr. Ayşegül ORUÇKAPTAN 14:30 15:30 The City of the Blinds: The Urban Memory Experience Carried to the Future - Gökçe SAYGIN BATISTA (A) Memory And Identity Landscapes Of Slavonski Brod-Posavina County, The Republic Of Croatia - Darija Perkovic Keynote Keynote Speakers Speakers 15:30 15:45 Question-Answer 15:45 16:00 Coffee Break Moderator: Prof. Dr. Bülent YILMAZ Moderator: Hasibe AKKAN Irrigation in Sustainable Landscape Areas An Example of a Memory Space: Kırklareli Province Şeytan Creek 16:00 16:15 Mustafa Özgür TUNÇ - Hunter Industries - Yaşar MENTEŞ Amended Tourism Incentive Law and Its Reflections Against Urban topography designed with landscape: Towards an 16:15 16:30 Nature - Öner DEMİREL interdisciplinary design strategy - Nazmiye NURDOĞAN Evaluation of the daily and social memory of the steppe Investigation of Sustainable Urban Design in the Neighborhood 16:30 16:45 landscape through the Arguvan - Sevgi GÖRMÜŞ Scale - Ali Kemal ARKUN Session 1 (A) 1 Session (B) 1 Session Examining Urban Identity in Port Cities: The Case of the Port The role of green spaces in Fringe-Belt formation - Nevter City and Memory 16:45 17:00 City of Hamburg and Barcelona Memory and Nature and Memory Zafer CÖMERT Şeyma SARIARMAĞAN 17:00 17:15 Question-Answer Question-Answer 17:15 17:30 Coffee Break Moderator: Teoman AKÇALI Moderator: Prof. -
Submerging Cultural Heritage. Dams and Archaeology in South-Eastern Turkey by Nicolò Marchetti & Federico Zaina
Fig. 1. View of Zeugma with the Birecik dam reservoir in the background. Photo: Pressaris. SUBMERGING CULTURAL HERITAGE. DAMS AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN SOUTH-EASTERN TURKEY BY NICOLÒ MARCHETTI & FEDERICO ZAINA ince the 1960s, economic development strategies pro- as development in fishery and water-related industry. All S moted by Middle Eastern governments have fostered these factors concur to a generally increased income as the construction of large-scale hydraulic infrastructure, often stressed by both private and public authorities. including dams, with the aim of providing short- and medium-term benefits in previously low productive However, the benefits brought by dams are not forever. regions. However, the massive modifications occurring Similar to other human-made structures, such as roads to the riverbeds and surrounding areas involved deeply and bridges, dams require regular and expensive main- affected the natural and cultural landscape of vast regions. tenance and have a finite lifespan. A mean life of 50–120 Combining open-access satellite imagery and archaeologi- years is generally expected for modern dams and water cal data it is now possible to show the immediate impact of reservoirs. In addition, the construction and up-filling dams on the cultural heritage along the Turkish stretch of of dams include the dislocation of thousands of people, the Euphrates river. potential international political issues when built on rivers flowing through different countries, permanent degrada- FLOODED HERITAGE tion of soil fertility and the widespread -
General Index
General Index Italic page numbers refer to illustrations. Authors are listed in ical Index. Manuscripts, maps, and charts are usually listed by this index only when their ideas or works are discussed; full title and author; occasionally they are listed under the city and listings of works as cited in this volume are in the Bibliograph- institution in which they are held. CAbbas I, Shah, 47, 63, 65, 67, 409 on South Asian world maps, 393 and Kacba, 191 "Jahangir Embracing Shah (Abbas" Abywn (Abiyun) al-Batriq (Apion the in Kitab-i balJriye, 232-33, 278-79 (painting), 408, 410, 515 Patriarch), 26 in Kitab ~urat ai-arc!, 169 cAbd ai-Karim al-Mi~ri, 54, 65 Accuracy in Nuzhat al-mushtaq, 169 cAbd al-Rabman Efendi, 68 of Arabic measurements of length of on Piri Re)is's world map, 270, 271 cAbd al-Rabman ibn Burhan al-Maw~ili, 54 degree, 181 in Ptolemy's Geography, 169 cAbdolazlz ibn CAbdolgani el-Erzincani, 225 of Bharat Kala Bhavan globe, 397 al-Qazwlni's world maps, 144 Abdur Rahim, map by, 411, 412, 413 of al-BlrunI's calculation of Ghazna's on South Asian world maps, 393, 394, 400 Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra, 60 longitude, 188 in view of world landmass as bird, 90-91 Abu, Mount, Rajasthan of al-BlrunI's celestial mapping, 37 in Walters Deniz atlast, pl.23 on Jain triptych, 460 of globes in paintings, 409 n.36 Agapius (Mabbub) religious map of, 482-83 of al-Idrisi's sectional maps, 163 Kitab al- ~nwan, 17 Abo al-cAbbas Abmad ibn Abi cAbdallah of Islamic celestial globes, 46-47 Agnese, Battista, 279, 280, 282, 282-83 Mu\:lammad of Kitab-i ba/Jriye, 231, 233 Agnicayana, 308-9, 309 Kitab al-durar wa-al-yawaqft fi 11m of map of north-central India, 421, 422 Agra, 378 n.145, 403, 436, 448, 476-77 al-ra~d wa-al-mawaqft (Book of of maps in Gentil's atlas of Mughal Agrawala, V. -
Armenia, Republic of | Grove
Grove Art Online Armenia, Republic of [Hayasdan; Hayq; anc. Pers. Armina] Lucy Der Manuelian, Armen Zarian, Vrej Nersessian, Nonna S. Stepanyan, Murray L. Eiland and Dickran Kouymjian https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T004089 Published online: 2003 updated bibliography, 26 May 2010 Country in the southern part of the Transcaucasian region; its capital is Erevan. Present-day Armenia is bounded by Georgia to the north, Iran to the south-east, Azerbaijan to the east and Turkey to the west. From 1920 to 1991 Armenia was a Soviet Socialist Republic within the USSR, but historically its land encompassed a much greater area including parts of all present-day bordering countries (see fig.). At its greatest extent it occupied the plateau covering most of what is now central and eastern Turkey (c. 300,000 sq. km) bounded on the north by the Pontic Range and on the south by the Taurus and Kurdistan mountains. During the 11th century another Armenian state was formed to the west of Historic Armenia on the Cilician plain in south-east Asia Minor, bounded by the Taurus Mountains on the west and the Amanus (Nur) Mountains on the east. Its strategic location between East and West made Historic or Greater Armenia an important country to control, and for centuries it was a battlefield in the struggle for power between surrounding empires. Periods of domination and division have alternated with centuries of independence, during which the country was divided into one or more kingdoms. Page 1 of 47 PRINTED FROM Oxford Art Online. © Oxford University Press, 2019. -
Growth and Reproduction Properties of Capoeta Trutta (Heckel,1843) in Karakaya Dam Lake
Turk J Zool 32 (2008) 1-10 © TÜB‹TAK Growth and Reproduction Properties of Capoeta trutta (Heckel,1843) in Karakaya Dam Lake Ercan KALKAN* ‹nönü University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, 44280 Malatya – TURKEY Received: 13.04.2006 Abstract: In this study, 510 samples of Capoeta trutta living in Karakaya Dam Lake were studied. After determining sex distribution, size (length and weight), growth rates, and growth conditions factors of 210 C. trutta specimens were examined. The number of female and male specimens was 104 and 106, respectively. The age of females and males ranged between 1-7 and 0-7 years, respectively. The age-length, age-weight, and length-weight curves were constructed. According to the von Bertalanffy equation, females and males were: -0.0571(t+2.4138)) 0.0571(t+2.4238)) 3.0325 Lt = 89.5[1-e ], Wt = 9627.1[1-e ] -0.0604(t+2.6514)) 0.0604(t+2.6514)) 2.9322 Lt = 76.4[1-e ], Wt = 5207.2[1-e ] , respectively . The calculated length-weight relation (W) was 0.0116 L3.0325 for females and 0.0115 L2.9322 for males. The average growth condition factor was 1.30 ± 0.06 for females and 1.28 ± 0.05 for males. The reproductive characteristics of C. trutta female specimens were investigated. According to gonadosomatic index (IG) results the development of egg diameter was determined for a spawning period in May and June. It was found that maturity age of the specimens was 2 and 3. The maximum diameter of ripe eggs was 1.04 mm and the maximum number of eggs per gram of gonads was 666. -
Bible Characters Mentioned Outside the Bible (See History.)
Last updated: 12-Dec-2018 at 18:15 Bible chronology main page Bible Characters Mentioned Outside the Bible (See History.) © Richard P. Español in Contemporary Sources Aschmann Rick Aschmann Contents 1. Lists of Identified Individuals 2. Why are none found earlier than the kings? 2.1. The Pharaohs 2.1.1. Couldn’t we identify unnamed pharaohs based on the Egyptian king lists? 2.1.2. Can we identify the later named pharaohs? 2.2. The Four Kings of the East 2.3. Other Theories 1. Lists of Identified Individuals Many individuals mentioned in the Bible are also mentioned outside the Bible in contemporary (or fairly contemporary) archaeological sources. The following two links give a fairly complete list of these. List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources 50 people in the bible confirmed archaeologically The interesting thing is that both of these sites evidently have the perspective that the Bible is not the inerrant, inspired Word of God, whereas I believe it is.1 So it might seem like such lists are not useful for the Bible-believer. On the contrary, they are quite useful: these are names that everyone can agree have been confirmed from extra-biblical sources, so they serve to confirm the reliability of the Bible in spite of having been compiled by unbelievers! If you look at the chart near the top of the first site, you can sort it from earliest to latest by clicking twice in the title of the Date (BCE) column. This chart shows that the earliest attested name (according to the compiler of this list) is Omri the father of Ahab, whose reign (and dynasty) started in 880 B.C.