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Download Article (PDF) Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 477 Proceedings of the International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020) Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 477 Proceedings of the International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020) Poetry Strategy Used by Indonesian Poet of the 70s Generation Ekarini Saraswati* University of Muhammadiyah Malang [email protected] Abstract. W.S. Rendra, Sapardi Djoko Damono, opinions of H.B. Jassin, Ajip Rosidi, Goenawan Toeti Heraty, Sutardji Calzoum Bachry and Muhammad, Subagio Sastrowardojo, and Umar Taufiq Ismail are Indonesian poets of the of the Junus, that this period was marked by symptoms of 70s whose works are still widely discussed until experimentation, intellectualism and a return to lyrics today. This study aims to identify readers' [3]. Dami N. Toda [4] and Abdul Hadi W.M. [5], as responses to books and mass media related to well as Sutardji Calzoum Bachri [6], revealed that Indonesian poets of the 70s’ by classifying the this period must be considered a new chapter; even by poetical strategies. The theory used to analyze the identifying symptoms and desires to return to the strategy is Pierre Boudieu's theory. There are roots of tradition and ancestors, they proposed the 70s seven types of strategies: hereditary investment generation. strategies (stratégie d'investissement biologique), Besides Sutardji Calzoum Bachry, other well- successive strategies (stratégie successorale), known poets are W.S. Rendra, Sapardi Djoko educational strategies (stratégie éducative), Damono, Toeti Heraty, Sutardji Calzoum Bachry, and economic investment strategies (stratégie Taufiq Ismail. They are Indonesian poets of the 70s d'investissement économique), social investment whose works are still widely discussed until today. strategies (stratégie d'investissement social), This study aims to identify readers' responses to marital bonding strategies (stratégies Indonesian poets of the 70s’ books and mass media, matrimoniales), symbolic investment strategies classifying forms of poetical strategies of Indonesian (stratégie d'investissement symbolique), and poets of the 70s and formulating the poet’s pattern. special strategies (stratégie de sociodicée). Based The theory used to analyze the strategy is Pierre on the reader's response, the strategy used by the Boudieu's theory. There are seven types of strategies: poets is different. Rendra focused on social hereditary investment strategies (stratégie criticism by using ballads, Toeti Heraty on d'investissement biologique), successive strategies philosophy and irony, Sapardi Djoko Damono on (stratégie successorale), educational strategies contemplation, imaginations, and Sutardji Sufistic (stratégie éducative), economic investment strategies mystics and spells, and Taufiq Ismail focused (stratégie d'investissement économique), social more on religion and battle. investment strategies (stratégie d'investissement social), marital bonding strategies (stratégies Keywords: strategy, poetry, poet of the 70s matrimoniales), symbolic investment strategies (stratégie d'investissement symbolique), and special strategies (stratégie de sociodicée) [7]. INTRODUCTION METHOD Some critics and observers of Indonesian literature suggested that in the 70s era, Indonesian The approach used in this study is qualitative. A poetry stepped on a new chapter [1]. stated that the qualitative approach is viewed following the period was marked by symptoms of cosmopolitanism characteristics of research that produces written data and alienation that sometimes led to nihilism, which from the subject being studied. This is in line with the in turn gave birth to spiritual yearning. Herman J. main objective of this research, that is, to describe Waluyo [2], in line with the above opinion, expressed and explain the reader's receptions to the Indonesian symptoms of awareness of the importance of human literary works of the 1970s. values, inner religious life that tended to be mystical, The data comes from articles about poetry from and the struggle for human rights. However, the the 1970s. This research's primary data is in the form symptoms of protest against the lameness of the of written words derived from written documents people because of industrialization and criticism of from literary critics and general readers published in the arbitrariness of the powerful were also raised. the mass media. The poet of the 70s being studied With a more detailed description, Sapardi Djoko include WS. Rendra, Toeti Heraty, Sutardji Calzoum Damono argued, by departing from and reviewing the Bachri, Sapardi Djoko Damono, and Taufik Ismail. Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 212 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 477 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 477 The study subjects are ideal readers or readers who Subagio Sastrowardoyo, Horison, argued that have more literary competence than the general Toeti's poetry does not create an atmosphere of reader. Some of them were literary critics who wrote tenderness. As a philosopher, Toeti's poetry is full of their criticism on mass media (newspaper) or book. categories of understanding in which comparisons to consciousness and experience will be found [14]. What inspired Toeti's poetry is awareness and RESULT & DISCUSSION understanding, not momentary events, such as political events or demonstrations. Her poems are full Based on the reader's response, poets of the 70s of thoughts energized by the wisdom of life. Dr. have a high level of cultural and social capital. In Muhammad Haji Saleh, in his book, New poems of terms of cultural capital, Rendra focused his thought Malaysia-Indonesia (1980) [15], said that Toety's on social criticism, Toeti Heraty and Sapardi Djoko poetry had separated personal feelings from personal Damono on philosophy and contemplation, while experience, which is complicated. However, if a poet Sutardji and Taufiq Ismail on religion. In addition to can do so, then she has succeeded in universalizing cultural capital, they have social capital illustrated in that experience. Her poems achieved a great triumph. their poems. Her tone is not as emotional as poetry, but the poet W.S. Rendra had 14 collections of poems, does not run away from humanity. The language is including Ballads of the Loved Ones (Collection of far from emotion and is spoken with rational lines. poems), Blues for Bonnie, Four Collections of Dr. A. Teeuw [16] said that Toeti's poems are Poems, Poems of Old Shoes, Looking for Father, intellectual and full of irony and opposition. Mrs. Aminah's travel, The Singing of Sloppy People, Sapardi Djoko Damono was an influential poet Pamphleten van een Dichter, Image of Development after WS Rendra. The poem collection book include in Poetry, Caused by wind, People of Rangkasbitung, Your Grief is Eternal (1969), Blade (1974), Paper Ballads and Blues Poem, State of Emergency, and Boat (1983)[17], Rain Magic (1984), Fire Verses Prayers for Son-Grandson. The themes of the poetry (2000)[18], Window Eye (2002), Javanese Spell often included depictions of great figures, romance, (2005); Pond (2009; a collection of poem), The education, humanity, social criticism, homesickness, Director Erases Our Dialogue (2012; a collection of divinity, and marginalized human beings [8] - [11]. poem), My name is Sita (2012; a collection of poem), Harry Aveling said that Rendra's poetry is a divine Rain in June (2013), Folding Distance (2015, poem that mainly comes from Catholic teachings. It collection of poem 1998-2015). According to Harry can be seen in the poem “Nyanyian Angsa" ("Singing Aveling, Sapardi Djoko Damono can combine of Goose"), which depicts Jesus full of love for humanitarian experience and his attitude towards that everyone, including a prostitute named Maria Zaitun experience. This is illustrated in the poem "Poems of [12]. White" in the collection of poems 'Your Grief is Harry Aveling added that the problem of Eternal.' humanity is more prominent than theology, as in Abdul Hadi W. M [19] said that Sapardi is one of poem Ballads of Loved Ones. A collection of poems, the most prominent contemporary poets. This is Ballads of Loved Ones, is a ballad to convey related to his attitude towards nature and romantic sympathy to loved ones, i.e., people who suffer, are surroundings. Also, his poems are complex with excluded, or become victims. In general, Rendra's human experiences: self-battle with the surrounding first collection of poems talks about some figures world, the meaning of human presence, and mystery. with extraordinary characters. It is considered By quoting some observers' opinions about Sapardi, extraordinary because the figures have the strength Abdul Hadi W.M. suggested that since the collection and courage to fight against the dangerous situation. of his poems, Dukamu Abadi, published in 1970, In other words, the characters have experienced many literary observers gave responses. Goenawan various adventures and conflicts. One of the poems is Mohamad declared him as a strong lyric poet, as “Ballad of Atmo Karpo Killing,” which tells us a hero Harry Aveling said. Goenawan said: "The collection and a robber who faces his death in front of his mortal of Dukamu Abadi is a new development; liberation enemy [13]. and rediscovery
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