RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING OF CIVIL SERVANTS IN INDIA: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS WITH REFERENCE TO NEW ECONOMIC POLICY ABSTRACT THESIS SI J8MITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Soctor nf |pi|tl0jaopi|B IN POLITICAL SCIENCE OEEPALI SINGH Under the supervision of Dr. Md. NAFEES A. ANSARI / Ml DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIQARH (INDIA) 2006 ^?ac« Libr ABSTRACT Chapter -1 Civil Services in British Period ; - Creation of Civil Services;- The development of the civil services under the British rule in India underwent three broad phases . The first phase came to an end with the Mughal Grant of Dewani in Bengal in 1765, When it first emerged as a territorial power . The second phase from 1765 to 1798 was a period of parliamentary intervention without any definite political policy . It was a formative period where the personal contributions of Hastings and Comwallis were more significant than the effort of legal provisions , The third phase beginning with Wellesely's administration in 1798. Welleysley's administration marked the beginning of a new era. Wellesley's arrival ushered in a down of imperialism in all its various dimension .Until 1855 the administration posts were regarded as the property of the crown , and filled by a system of patronage under which appointments were largely determined by birth and connections and after the emergence of parties , by political affiliation. Commissions for civil servants ;- The Trevelyan - Northcote report appeared in 1854 and a Civil Service Commission was appointed the same year in accordance with the above report. A number of commission have subsequently to regulate the affairs of the civil service . In 1875 the Playfair Commission , 1886 Aitchison Commission , The Ridley Commission 1886-90 , The Ma c Donnell Commission 1912-14 , The Gladstone Committee 1918 , The Tomlinson Commission 1929 , & The Asheton Committee 1944 have appointed for civil services .The Provincial Civil Service was already in existence since 1892 . The Act of 1919 gave greater autonomy to the provinces in the matter . The provincial civil services came to be known by the name of their respective provinces . Indianization of Civil Services:- The British were formally committed to a process of Indianization of services within the framework of India as an integral part of the British empire. The timetable of Indianization was first suggested by the Islington Commission on the Public Services in India 1912-15 , which fixed the ratio of Indians in the superior civil services in the country . In 1919 , the Government armounced its decision on the Islington Report, and process of Indianization became operative . The Lee Commission on the Superior Civil Services in India 1924 which came next, raised the scale and recommended a 50:50 cadre to be produced in the ICS in about 15 years , all to be recruited directly . The Central Public Service Commission was setup in 1926 and Sir Rose Barker was chairman of this commission . The Government of India Act ,1935 came in knowledge . The Act visualized a federal form of government with the provinces enjoying an autonomous sphere of functions . The Act of 1935 provided for the setting up of Public Service Commissions at both the federal and provincial levels . After Independence , (1947);- When India became free and won independence . With the exit of the British from India inl947. The new constitution of India promulgated in 1950. A remarkable feature of the constitution is its manifest administrative elaborations and concerns . It established Public Service Commissions at the Central and in the States . Under Art. 320 of the India constitution , one of the UPSC is to conduct examinations for appointment to the civil services of the union competitive examinations are held by the commission under special arrangements with the Ministry of Defence for certain Defence Services . In chapter II of Part XIV of the constitution of India , the provisions were made for the ' appointment of Public Service Commission . In section 315 ( 1) it was laid down that,' There shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each state' . The UPSC has been establishes -2- under Article 315 of constitution of India The term and conditions of service of chairman and members of the commission and governed by the UPSC ( Members) Regulations, 1969. So Now the UPSC is the responsible for recruitment of public servants after independence India . Chapter - II Industrial Development ;- At the dawn of India independence , industry was at a rudimentart stage . Industrial growth after independence was enabled by the industrial policy resolution (IPR) OF 1948 followed by of IPR 1956 which had as its goals the acceleration of the rate of economic growth and the speeding up of industrialization as a means of achieving a socialist pattern of society . The importance accorded to the development of backward areas has an impact on the pattern of industrial administration both at the central and state levels. It is now well recognized that Industrial development plays an important role in the economic growth of any nation. The setting up of the planning commission with the Prime Minister, Shri Jawahar Lai Nehru, as chairman was announced towards the end of the February 1950, within a month of the formulation of the constitution. India's Industry Policy was first announced in 1948, with a view to establishing a mixed economy with an overall reasonably of the government for planned development of industries. New Economic Policy , (After 1990);- On July 24, 1991 , a statement of New Industrial Policy was presented to Parliament .The new policy is designed to enable entrepreneurs to take investment decisions based on commercial judgment with a reduced regulatory role of government. Globalization is not a new phenomenon as the process has been happening for ages . It is now a feature of world economy India has also entered into this ear since 1991. J - Globalization has resulted in expanding international trade . Globalization lies in competition particularly in the context of many issues of economic and trade Globalization is driven by knowledge and new technology thus there is a need not only to provided good quality primary secondary and technical education but also to spend more on higher levels of professional education with globalization and increasing competition demand for skilled and demi skilled workers has increased in the era of globalization and market liberalization. The new economy policy is towards creating a more competitive environment in the economy as a means to improving the productivity and efficiency of the system Rural Development and Civil Services;- After independence , development through planning and state initiative was the aim of the policy makers . With the establishment of the Planning Commission at the national level and launching of the first five year plan in 1951. the planning process started in the country . The Central Government was entrusted with the task of evolving a national plan to work out a coordinated policy for implementation . The states were to plan for and implement the subject in the state list . There was little effort to improve the lot of the people , particularly those living in rural areas . Government's Programmes for Rural Development;- The Community Development Programme was the first experiment in this regard . The Community Development Block levels for integration of the administrative and development functions . The idea of decentralization was again reiterated in the third five year plan . The importance of District and Local planning was again highlight during the four five year plan . Democracy at the grassroots level is a prerequisite for proper functioning of local self government bodies the concept of village Panchayat as the local self government is as old as the Indian civilization . The government of India appointed a committee with Balwant Rai Mehta as its chairman . The committee's recommendations can be submit up in two words , " Democratic Decentralization "The community development programme and panchayati Raj institution are the first significant effort in rural development. In a recent NABARD sample study in the implementation of (IRDP ) in the 15 states of the country panchayat becomes the national agenda in general election of 1991 , 73''' amendment mainly due to the capabilities of the former P.M. Shri P.V. Narshima Rao . A three tier systems of panchayats is envisaged in part IX : 1- The Village Level 2- The District Level 3- The Intermediate Level standing between the village and district. The technical and administrative skills should be provided to the Panchayati Raj institutions for the impartiality of the personnel, The collector or the deputy commission should be the captain of the team of officers of all development departments & should be made fully responsible securing the necessary co-ordination and execution of the district plan for community development where he is not already empowered to make the annual assessment of the work of the departmental officers in regard to their co-ordination with other departments , their speed in work , their dealing with the people on their reputation for integrity , he should be invested with the such powers .After adopted NEP , The concept of government is old and now Good Governance is subset of this process , and is based on such fundamental values as accountability ,transparency , fairness , equity and ethics. Right to Information Act, 2005 was passed June 15, 2005 . It has some Feature : To provide the citizens right to information which will enable them to have access to information under control of the public authorities which will promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority . The new task of the civil servants are therefore all comprehensive and include planning control and guidance of the entire economic as well as social activities . Bureaucracy always functions within a political context. It is the -5- responsibility of bureaucracy to execute the policies and plans decided by the political leaders .