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Orogenic Link ~41°N–46°N: Collisional Mountain Building and Basin Closure in the Cordillera of Western North America

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Orogenic Link ~41°N–46°N: Collisional Mountain Building and Basin Closure in the Cordillera of Western North America Research Paper GEOSPHERE Orogenic link ~41°N–46°N: Collisional mountain building and basin closure in the Cordillera of western North America 1 2 3 4 GEOSPHERE; v. 16, no. 1 Keith D. Gray , V. Isakson , D. Schwartz , and Jeffrey D. Vervoort 1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, State University of New York at Oneonta, 108 Ravine Parkway, Oneonta, New York 13820, USA 2Department of Math, Science, and Agriculture, North Arkansas College, 1515 Pioneer Drive, Harrison, Arkansas 72601, USA https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02074.1 3Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA 4School of the Environment, Washington State University, P.O. Box 642812, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA 16 figures; 4 tables; 1 set of supplemental files CORRESPONDENCE: [email protected] ABSTRACT ■ INTRODUCTION CITATION: Gray, K.D., Isakson, V., Schwartz, D., and Vervoort, J.D., 2020, Orogenic link ~41°N–46°N: Colli- Polyphase structural mapping and mineral age dating across the Tectonic settings characterized by steady-state subduction are periodically sional mountain building and basin closure in the Cor- Salmon River suture zone in west-central Idaho (Riggins region; ~45°30′N, disrupted by mountain-building events associated with arc-arc or arc-continent dillera of western North America: Geosphere, v. 16, ~117°W–116°W) support a late Mesozoic history of penetrative deformation, collision (Dewey and Bird, 1970; Howell et al., 1985; Clift et al., 2003; accretionary no. 1, p. 136–181, https://doi.org/10.1130 /GES02074.1. dynamothermal metamorphism, and intermittent magmatism in response orogens of Cawood et al., 2009). In either case, collision-related orogenesis to right-oblique oceanic-continental plate convergence (Farallon–North initiates with the attempted subduction of a bathymetric high (oceanic arc or Science Editor: David E. Fastovsky Associate Editor: Terry L. Pavlis America). High-strain linear-planar tectonite fabrics are recorded along an basaltic plateau; Livaccari et al., 1981; Cloos, 1993; Liu and Currie, 2016) and unbroken ~48 km west-to-east transect extending from the Snake River continues until plate motions stabilize, e.g., subduction outboard of an accreted Received 15 October 2018 (Wallowa intra-oceanic arc terrane; eastern Blue Mountains Province) arc terrane (Hamilton, 1988; Moresi et al., 2014, and references therein). Andean- Revision received 5 July 2019 over the northern Seven Devils Mountains into the lower Salmon River type orogens involving arc-continent collision over tens of millions of years (e.g., Accepted 14 October 2019 Canyon (ancestral North America; western Laurentia). Given the temporally central North American Cordillera; Fig. 1) typically record pronounced crustal overlapping nature (ca. 145–90 Ma) of east-west contraction in the Sevier thickening, high-pressure silicic magmatism, and pervasive ductile deformation Published online 5 December 2019 fold-and-thrust belt (northern Utah–southeast Idaho–southwest Montana of regional extent (e.g., Oregon/Idaho Blue Mountains Province of Silberling segment), we propose that long-term terrane accretion and margin- et al., 1984; Hamilton, 1969a; Zen, 1985; Avé Lallemant, 1995; Žák et al., 2015). parallel northward translation in the Cordilleran hinterland (~41°N–46°N Late Mesozoic tectonic activity along/across the arc-continent boundary in latitude; modern coordinates) drove mid- to upper-crustal shortening west-central Idaho (Riggins region; Fig. 2) was contemporaneous with oblique >250 km eastward into the foreland region (~115°W–113°W). During subduction of the Farallon plate under ancestral North America (McKenzie and accretion and translation, the progressive transfer of arc assemblages from Morgan, 1969; Engebretson et al., 1985; Giorgis and Tikoff, 2004). subducting (Farallon) to structurally overriding (North American) plates Detailed structural mapping and mineral age dating in the Riggins region was accommodated by displacement along a shallow westward-dipping (~45°30′00″N) support a long-lived history of penetrative deformation, coeval basal décollement system underlying the Cordilleran orogen. In this context, metamorphism, and intermittent calc-alkaline magmatism (Snee et al., 1995; large-magnitude horizontal shortening of passive continental margin strata Gray et al., 2012; McKay et al., 2017). Tectonic activity is recorded across was balanced by the addition of buoyant oceanic crust—late Paleozoic the Salmon River suture zone (SRSZ), which in our study extends from the to Mesozoic Blue Mountains Province—to the leading edge of western northeastern Seven Devils Mountains in the west (~116°30′00″W; Heavens Laurentia. Consistent with orogenic float modeling (mass conservation, Gate fault of Gray and Oldow, 2005) to the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene Idaho balance, and displacement compatibility), diffuse dextral-transpressional batholith in the east (~116°00′00″W; western border zone of Taubeneck, deformation across the accretionary boundary (Salmon River suture: 1971). Across the SRSZ, linear-planar (LS) tectonite fabrics are developed Cordilleran hinterland) was kinematically linked to eastward-propagating in accreted arc assemblages of the eastern Wallowa terrane (late Paleozoic– structures on the continental interior (Sevier thrust belt; Cordilleran Mesozoic Riggins and Seven Devils Groups: Hamilton, 1963a; Vallier, 1977), foreland). As an alternative to noncollisional convergent margin orogenesis, Laurentian metasedimentary units (late Precambrian to early Paleozoic Belt we propose a collision-related tectonic origin and contractional evolution for and/or Windermere Supergroups; Lund et al., 2003), and intervening calc- central portions of the Sevier belt. Our timing of terrane accretion supports alkaline intrusive complexes (Permian–Cretaceous plutons; Kauffman et al., correlation of the Wallowa terrane with Wrangellia (composite arc/plateau 2014). Exceptional exposure and tectonic context allow for the assessment This paper is published under the terms of the assemblage) and implies diachronous south-to-north suturing and basin of disparate rock assemblages metamorphosed and deformed under mid- to CC-BY-NC license. closure between Idaho and Alaska. upper-crustal conditions (e.g., Zen, 1985; Selverstone et al., 1992). © 2019 The Authors GEOSPHERE | Volume 16 | Number 1 Gray et al. | Salmon River suture–Sevier thrust belt: Linked orogens Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article-pdf/16/1/136/4931633/136.pdf 136 by guest on 30 September 2021 Research Paper A B C Figure 1. Tectonic elements of the central North American Cordillera. (A) The initial strontium 0.706 isopleth (Sri) separates late Paleozoic to mid-Mesozoic accreted oceanic crust (volcanic arc terranes) and Precambrian–early Paleozoic continental margin assemblages (western Laurentia). Ages of faults are cited in the text, Table 4, and Figure 14. Gener- alized cross-sections A–A′, B–B′, and C–C′ are constrained by data from Leeman et al. (1992) and Stanciu et al. (2016); note the coincidence of IDOR seismic line L and section line A–A′. SRSZ—Salmon River suture zone; SFTB—Sevier fold-and-thrust belt; Jura—Jurassic. State abbreviations: CA—California, CO—Colorado, ID—Idaho, MT—Montana, NV—Nevada, OR—Oregon, UT—Utah, WA—Washington, WY—Wyoming. Map compiled from Wheeler and McFeely (1991), Hurlow (1993), Whitney et al. (1999), McClelland et al. (2000), Wyld and Wright (2001), DeCelles (2004), Dickinson (2008), Gaschnig et al. (2010), Gray et al. (2012), and Long et al. (2014). (B) Wallowa terrane exposures in Hells Can- yon, viewing west, with Idaho in foreground (lower Granite Creek drainage). Middle–Late Triassic Wild Sheep Creek Formation (upper Seven Devils Group; maximum thickness >3 km) type section is located ~2.5 km south (Vallier, 1977). (C) Sevier folding in southwestern Montana, Kootenai Formation (Kk4 carbonate unit; Early Cretaceous, Albian). GEOSPHERE | Volume 16 | Number 1 Gray et al. | Salmon River suture–Sevier thrust belt: Linked orogens Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article-pdf/16/1/136/4931633/136.pdf 137 by guest on 30 September 2021 Research Paper A T vs CHB MAP UNITS ~135- OROFINO Tc KCT Qu alluvial/landslide/glacial deposits [Quat.] 270 Ma ~90 km. ~110 Ma 07005 ~229 Ma SLATE C 31 Tc continental flood basalt [Miocene] 57 ~122 Ma 67 X G T Ptt CK. SCA KT sv 35 60 73 DW-02 Kib granitoid [late Early–Late Cret.] T vs 86 Psv JT ls 24 Kog orthogneiss [Early Cret.] PITTSBURG T i LANDING 78 JKg granitoid [Early Cret.] Psv ~85 Ma ~113 Ma 74 T Ptt Tc G34 KT sv volcaniclastic [Trias.–Cret.] A 64 amphibolite, schist, gneiss 40 KPgs KPgs [late Paleozoic–Cret.?] 35 ultramafic ophiolitic sliver 52 T Ptt KPum Zs [late Paleozoic–Cret.?] ~145 Ma LUCILE SCT Idaho siliciclastic, carbonate Zs JT ls Psv D 45 39 batholith [Trias.–Jura.?] SNAKE T 40 border carbonate [Late Trias.] RIVER RR zone T m 55 volcanogenic [Middle– 60 Chair Point T vs 43 o Late Trias.] T vs plutonic 45 intermediate–mafic ~226 Ma complex 30’ T i intrusive [Trias.] 53 48 I Psv 55 felsic intrusive T vs Psv MRF CHAIR Kib T Ptt POINT [Perm.–Trias.] HGF Tc FLORENCE volcanogenic 34 BASIN Psv [Perm.] GOFF schist/marble BRIDGE T vs Zs OLD TIMER T i SALMON [Precamb.?] T i RIVER X’ MINE 45 Fig. 80 T m RIGGINS ~92 Ma WESTERN ~124 Ma GSA 3b LGp03 67 70 LIMIT OF 5 ID26 ~120 Ma LCA Stop 64 2.7 Zs DUCTILE ~116 Ma JV-003 ~91 Ma 55 60 ~86-93 Ma 85 HEAVENS GATE FABRIC R7 RS SHd-04 58 89 FC-05 RIDGE SRSZ HELLS LAKE CK. GSA CYN. ~115 Ma BRIDGE Stop EASTERN 06KG15 T vs RAPID Kog ~104 Ma type section V-3-86 39 JT ls 2.6 LIMIT OF Fig. R. PMT Cp02 Vallier, JKg~136 Ma KPum DUCTILE 1977 3a C’BALL FABRIC 130 Ma 70 T vs DA MTN. GSA AM-5 KPgs Y Stop FRENCH JKg SEVEN 13 FHS 60 CK. T m 50 Tc ~116 Ma GRANITE GCP 50 PATRICK ID58 BUTTE CK. Qu Sr ~ 0.706 42 DEVILS Tc Idaho HGF 65 batholith ~118 Ma Tc Qu 34 MTNS.
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