Johnson & Johnson Celebrates Role of Scientists in Society with 2020 Dr
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
USA Education Ph.D., Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Tech
Victor R. Ambros, Ph.D. Silverman Professor of Natural Sciences Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School373 Plantation Street, Suite 306 Worcester, MA 01605 (508) 856-6380 [email protected] Personal Born: Hanover, NH, USA on December 1, 1953 Citizenship: USA Education Ph.D., Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 1976-1979 Thesis Title: The protein covalently linked to the 5' end of poliovirus RNA Advisor: Dr. David Baltimore B.S., Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 1971-1975 Professional Appointments Silverman Professor of Natural Sciences 2009-present Co-Director, RNA Therapeutics Institute 2009-2016 Professor, Program in Molecular Medicine 2008-present University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA Professor of Genetics, Dartmouth Medical School 2001-2007 Professor, Biological Sciences, Dartmouth Medical School 1996-2001 Associate Professor, Biological Sciences, Dartmouth Medical School 1992-1996 Associate Professor, Department of Cellular and Development Biology, 1988-1992 Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Assistant Professor, Department of Cellular and Development Biology, 1985-1988 Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Postdoctoral Research 1979-1985 Supervisor: Dr. H. Robert Horvitz Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Graduate Research 1976-1979 Supervisor: Dr. David Baltimore Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Research Assistant 1975-1976 Supervisor: Dr. David Baltimore Center for Cancer Research, -
Nature Medicine Essay
COMMENTARY LASKER BASIC MEDICAL RESEARCH AWARD Of maize and men, or peas and people: case histories to justify plants and other model systems David Baulcombe One of the byproducts of molecular biology cork is altogether filled with air, and that air is has been support for the ‘model system’ con- perfectly enclosed in little boxes or cells distinct cept. All living organisms are based on the same from one another.”)2 (Fig. 1). Two hundred fifty genetic code, they have similar subcellular years later, Beijerinck discovered a contagium structures and they use homologous metabolic vivum fluidum in extracts of diseased tobacco pathways. So, mechanisms can be investigated plants that he later referred to as a virus3. using organisms other than those in which In contemporary science, a green alga— the knowledge will be exploited for practical Chlamydomonas reinhardtii—is a useful model benefit. Model systems are particularly use- in the analysis of kidney disease4. However, ful in the early discovery phase of a scientific in this article, I refer to the contribution of endeavor, and recent progress in biomedical plant biology to a family of mechanisms that I science has fully vindicated their use. Jacques refer to as RNA silencing. This topic has been Monod, for example, famously justified his reviewed comprehensively elsewhere5,6, so here work on a bacterial model system by stating I focus on personal experience and my view of that “what is true for Escherichia coli is also future potential from this work. true for elephants.” My fellow laureates, Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun, can defend the use The early history of RNA silencing in of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a good plants model system and so I will focus on plants. -
Ethical Principles in Ethical Principles in Scientific Research Scientific Research and Publications
Hacettepe University Institute of Oncology Library ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN SCIENTIFIC LectureRESEARCH author AND PUBLICATIONSOnlineby © Emin Kansu,M.D.,FACP ESCMID ekansu@ada. net. tr Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY - HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY Ankara PRESENTATION • UNIVERSITY and RESEARCHLibrary • ETHICS – DEFINITION • RESEARCH ETHICS • PUBLICATIONLecture ETHICS • SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCTauthor • SCIENTIFIC FRAUD AND TYPES Onlineby • HOW TO PREVENT© UNETHICAL ISSUES • WHAT TO DO FOR SCIENTIFIC ESCMIDMISCONDUCTS Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID IMPACT OF TURKISH SCIENTISTS 85 % University – Based 1.78% 0.2 % 19. 300 18th ‘ACADEMIA’ UNIVERSITY Library AN INSTITUTION PRODUCING and DISSEMINATING SCIENCE Lecture BASIC FUNCTIONS author Online-- EDUCATIONby © -- RESEARCH ESCMID - SERVICESERVICE UNIVERSITY Library • HAS TO BE OBJECTIVE • HAS TO BE HONESTLecture AND ETHICAL • HAS TO PERFORM THEauthor “STATE-OF-THE ART” • HAS TO PLAYOnline THEby “ROLE MODEL” , TO BE GENUINE AND ©DISCOVER THE “NEW” • HAS TO COMMUNICATE FREELY AND HONESTLY WITH ALL THE PARTIES INVOLVED IN ESCMIDPUBLIC WHY WE DO RESEARCH ? Library PRIMARY AIM - ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE Lecture SECONDARY AIM author - TOOnline PRODUCEby A PAPER - ACADEMIC© PROMOTION - TO OBTAIN AN OUTSIDE SUPPORT ESCMID SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Library A Practice aimed to contribute to knowledge or theoryLecture , performed in disciplined methodologyauthor and Onlineby systematic approach© -
PIE-1 Sumoylation Promotes Germline Fates and Pirna-Dependent Silencing in C
RESEARCH ARTICLE PIE-1 SUMOylation promotes germline fates and piRNA-dependent silencing in C. elegans Heesun Kim1†, Yue-He Ding1†, Shan Lu2, Mei-Qing Zuo2, Wendy Tan1, Darryl Conte Jr1, Meng-Qiu Dong2, Craig C Mello1,3* 1RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States; 2National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; 3Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States Abstract Germlines shape and balance heredity, integrating and regulating information from both parental and foreign sources. Insights into how germlines handle information have come from the study of factors that specify or maintain the germline fate. In early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, the CCCH zinc finger protein PIE-1 localizes to the germline where it prevents somatic differentiation programs. Here, we show that PIE-1 also functions in the meiotic ovary where it becomes SUMOylated and engages the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-conjugating machinery. Using whole-SUMO-proteome mass spectrometry, we identify HDAC SUMOylation as a target of PIE-1. Our analyses of genetic interactions between pie-1 and SUMO pathway mutants suggest that PIE-1 engages the SUMO machinery both to preserve the germline fate in the embryo and to promote Argonaute-mediated surveillance in the adult germline. *For correspondence: Introduction [email protected] During every life cycle, the eukaryotic germline orchestrates a remarkable set of informational tasks †These authors contributed that shape heredity and create variation necessary for the evolution of new species. One approach equally to this work for understanding the mechanisms that promote germline specification and function has been the identification of genes whose protein products localize exclusively to the germline and for which Competing interests: The loss-of-function mutations result in absent or non-functional germ cells and gametes (Seydoux and authors declare that no Braun, 2006). -
Profile of Gary Ruvkun
PROFILE Profile of Gary Ruvkun wash in the faint glow of a fluo- Brush with Molecular Biology rescent lamp, a pair of serpentine The story of Ruvkun’s metamorphosis Anematode worms lie on a Petri from a keen undergraduate into a leading plate, their see-through bodies light in his field of study begins at Har- magnified 100-fold by one of several vard University, where he enrolled in microscopes arrayed in a darkened bay in a Ph.D. program in 1976 upon returning National Academy of Sciences member to the United States. Like many other Gary Ruvkun’s laboratory at Massachu- scientific institutions across the world in setts General Hospital. While one of the the mid-1970s, Harvard was astir with the worms wiggles its way around the plate, promise of recombinant DNA technol- the other shows no signs of life, ogy, and Ruvkun wasted no time em- its midsection ruptured and its innards bracing its tools. “My undergraduate strewn asunder. A filter slides into place, education had not prepared me at all for and the worms are bathed in a dull recombinant DNA, but I immersed my- green haze. The wiggling worm has a bea- self into its culture at Harvard, much of con of nerve cells in its head, the ganglia which was James Watson’s creation from lit up by a genetic trick that has rescued a decade earlier,” Ruvkun says. Propelled the worm from death; its neighbor wears Gary Ruvkun. by a desire to be a part of the culture of no such beacon. The worms were deprived basic molecular biology, all while per- of a tiny RNA molecule, called a micro- forming science with the potential to im- RNA, which helps shepherd them through not 5-year-old children. -
Fire Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room L235, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
GENE SILENCING BY DOUBLE STRANDED RNA Nobel Lecture, December 8, 2006 by Andrew Z. Fire Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room L235, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA. I would like to thank the Nobel Assembly of the Karolinska Institutet for the opportunity to describe some recent work on RNA-triggered gene silencing. First a few disclaimers, however. Telling the full story of gene silencing would be a mammoth enterprise that would take me many years to write and would take you well into the night to read. So we’ll need to abbreviate the story more than a little. Second (and as you will see) we are only in the dawn of our knowledge; so consider the following to be primer... the best we could do as of December 8th, 2006. And third, please understand that the story that I am telling represents the work of several generations of biologists, chemists, and many shades in between. I’m pleased and proud that work from my labo- ratory has contributed to the field, and that this has led to my being chosen as one of the messengers to relay the story in this forum. At the same time, I hope that there will be no confusion of equating our modest contributions with those of the much grander RNAi enterprise. DOUBLE STRANDED RNA AS A BIOLOGICAL ALARM SIGNAL These disclaimers in hand, the story can now start with a biography of the first main character. Double stranded RNA is probably as old (or almost as old) as life on earth. -
2008 Harvard / Paul F
The 2008 Harvard / Paul F. Glenn Symposium on Aging June 23, 2008 Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging Welcome to the 3rd Annual Harvard/Paul F. Glenn Symposium on Aging. Each year, the Paul F. Glenn Laboratories host the Harvard Symposium on Aging with a mission to educate the wider research community about advancements in this fast-paced field and to stimulate collaborative research in this area. We have been fortunate to have many of the leaders in the aging field speak at these symposia. As a result, attendees come not only from the Harvard research community but from across the nation and from overseas for this one day event. We are glad you could join us here today. The reasons for accelerating research molecular biology of aging are clear. First and foremost, the number of aged individuals in developed countries is growing rapidly, which is going to place an unprecedented burden on the families and the economies of those nations. Because chronic illness in the elderly is a major medical cost, enormous savings would be achieved if mortality and morbidity could be compressed within a shorter duration of time at the end of life. A study by the RAND Corporation in 2006 concluded that advances in medicine arising from aging research would be 10-100 times more cost-effective than any other medical breakthrough. Advances in aging research have shown that it is possible to extend the healthy lifespan of laboratory animals through genetic and pharmacological means. Many leaders in the aging field predict that significant strides will be made in understanding how human health and lifespan are regulated, leading to novel medicines to forestall and treat diseases of aging such as diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer’s and heart disease. -
Signature Redacted Certified By: __Signature Redacted
Genetic Regulation of Cell Extrusion in Caenorhabditis elegans By Vivek Kumar Dwivedi M. Tech. Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 2012 Submitted to the Department of Biology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2019 2019 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature redacted Signature of Author: Department of Biology, May 28, 2019 Certified by: __Signature redacted H. Roiert Horvitz Professor of Biology Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Signature redacted MASSACHUSETS INSTITUTE Amy . eag OF TECHNOLOGY- Professor of Biology Graduate Committee MAY 312 Co-Chair, Biology LIBRARIES ARCHIVES 1 Genetic Regulation of Cell Extrusion in Caenorhabditis elegans by Vivek Kumar Dwivedi Submitted to the MIT Department of Biology on May 28, 2019 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology Abstract Programmed elimination of cells occurs during animal development and homeostasis to maintain appropriate cell numbers. One evolutionarily conserved method by which organisms eliminate cells in a programmed manner is by cell- autonomous activation of the caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway, which produces a corpse that is engulfed and degraded by phagocytic cells. Cell elimination can also occur by a different method, called cell extrusion, in which the cell to be eliminated is squeezed out from a layer of cells, such as an epithelium. -
2006 Nobel Laureates Hearing Committee On
S. HRG. 110–1209 2006 NOBEL LAUREATES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 2, 2007 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 79–907 PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:23 Mar 19, 2013 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\DOCS\79907.TXT JACKIE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii, Chairman JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia TED STEVENS, Alaska, Vice Chairman JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota TRENT LOTT, Mississippi BARBARA BOXER, California KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas BILL NELSON, Florida OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine MARIA CANTWELL, Washington GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada MARK PRYOR, Arkansas JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware JIM DEMINT, South Carolina CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri DAVID VITTER, Louisiana AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota JOHN THUNE, South Dakota MARGARET L. CUMMISKY, Democratic Staff Director and Chief Counsel LILA HARPER HELMS, Democratic Deputy Staff Director and Policy Director CHRISTINE D. KURTH, Republican Staff Director and General Counsel KENNETH R. NAHIGIAN, Republican Deputy Staff Director and Chief Counsel SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION JOHN F. -
Advanced Information on the Nobel Prize in Physiology Or Medicine 2006
Advanced Information on The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006 RNA INTERFERENCE This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is shared by Professor Andrew Z. Fire at Stanford University, California, USA, and Professor Craig C. Mello at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester, USA. They receive the prize for their discovery that double-stranded RNA trig- gers suppression of gene activity in a homology-dependent manner, a process named RNA interference (RNAi). Their discovery revealed a new mechanism for gene regulation, and the biochemical machinery involved plays a key role in many essential cellular processes. Double-stranded RNA synthesized within the cell can reduce or abolish gene activity by RNAi-like mechanisms. This control system for gene expression has proven to be important for both the development of an organism and the physiological functions of cells and tissues. Furthermore, RNAi protects against RNA virus infections, especially in plants and invertebrate animals, and secures genome stability by keeping mobile elements silent. Today, double-stranded RNA is used as a powerful tool to experimentally elucidate the function of essentially any gene in a cell. The discovery of RNAi has already had an immense impact on biomedical research and will most likely lead to novel medical applications in the future. Introduction The gene expression process is of fundamental importance for all living organisms. Most genes reside in the chromosomes located in the cell nucleus and express themselves via proteins synthesised in the cytoplasm. The genetic material was identifi ed as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in 1944 (ref. 1) and the double-helical nature of DNA was revealed in 1953 (by Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962). -
Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research Issues 2015
Press Contacts: Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research Issues Seema Kumar 2015 Call for Nominations 908-405-1144 (M) [email protected] New Brunswick, N.J. – January 21, 2015 – The Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Diane Pressman Biomedical Research today opens its 2015 call for nominations. This prestigious 908-927-6171 (O) award recognizes individuals whose scientific research has made, or has the [email protected] potential to make, significant contributions toward the improvement of human Frederik Wittock health. Nominations will be accepted until March 15, 2015 at +32 14 60 57 24 (O) www.pauljanssenaward.com for consideration by an independent selection [email protected] committee of world renowned scientists. Beginning in 2015, the cash prize awarded to the scientist or group of scientists receiving the Award will be increased to $200,000. This increase in the monetary award reflects the growing importance of basic biomedical research, and continued recognition by Johnson & Johnson of excellence in the field. The Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research honors Dr. Paul Janssen (1926-2003), who is widely recognized as one of the most productive scientists of the 20th century. Known throughout the scientific community as “Dr. Paul,” Janssen was responsible for breakthrough treatments in disease areas including pain management, psychiatry, infectious disease and gastroenterology, and founded Janssen Pharmaceutica, N.V., a Johnson & Johnson Company. “Innovative science and technology have the power to transform the world,” said Paul Stoffels, M.D., Chief Scientific Officer and Worldwide Chairman, Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson. “Through the Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research, Johnson & Johnson honors the inspirational legacy of Dr. -
CV Axel Ullrich
Curriculum Vitae Prof. Dr. Axel Ullrich Name: Axel Ullrich Geboren: 19. Oktober 1943 Forschungsschwerpunkte: Onkologie, Onkogene, Rezeptor-Tyrosinkinasen, Tyrosinkinase-Hemmer, zielgerichtete Krebstherapie Axel Ullrich ist ein deutscher Biochemiker und Krebsforscher. Er hat das erste Gen kloniert und die ersten Onkogene entdeckt. Diese Entdeckung war die Grundlage für die Entwicklung des ersten zielgerichteten Krebsmedikaments (Herceptin). Akademischer und beruflicher Werdegang seit 2004 Direktor des Singapore Onco Genome (SOG) Projects, Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), Singapur seit 2000 Honorarprofessor an der Universität Tübingen 1988 - 2016 Direktor der Abteilung für Molekularbiologie am Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie (MPIB), Martinsried 1984 - 1988 Staff Scientist an der Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA 1979 - 1984 Senior Scientist an der Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, USA 1977 - 1978 Forschungsassistent an der University of California, San Francisco, USA 1975 - 1977 Postdoktorand und Forschungsassistent an der University of California, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, USA 1975 Promotion in Molekularer Genetik an der Universität Heidelberg 1964 - 1971 Diplomstudium in Biochemie an der Universität Tübingen Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina www.leopoldina.org 1 Funktionen in wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften und Gremien seit 2008 Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg