DOCSLIB.ORG

COLLECTING PALMS in the ARIPO SAVANNAS SCIENTIFIC RESERVE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
COLLECTING PALMS in the ARIPO SAVANNAS SCIENTIFIC RESERVE COLLECTING PALMS in the ARIPO SAVANNAS SCIENTIFIC RESERVE rinidad and Tobago is an island nation at a biogeo- Dr. Paul Comeau and Victor Quesnel guided us on April Tgraphic crossroads. As the Caribbean’s southernmost 4th, after fieldwork elsewhere that day. We located Bactris islands and seven miles from Venezuela, the flora is influenced campestris, Oeoncarpus bataua, Euterpe precatoria, and Mani- by South American and Caribbean phytogeography. This caria saccifera before dusk. Most prominent in the preserve are is seen in its palms. Coccothrinax, a magnificent stands of the Moriche prominent genus of the Caribbean, Palm, Mauritia flexuosa. has its southernmost distribution in COLLECTING THE PALMS Trinidad. Trinidad is also the only The morning of April 5th, Larry, Antillean site of many more typically Paul, and I made contact with South American palms such as Attalea Edmund Charles, the supervising for- maripa, Manicaria saccifera, and ester. Edmund’s extensive knowledge Oenocarpus bataua. Therefore, those was invaluable. We located individu- are crucial for biogeographic study. als of Moriche Palm with abundant The South Florida Palm Society fresh fruits and collected many for generously funded the 2007 Mont- MBC’s conservation collections. gomery Botanical Center Trinidad Edmund then led us to Mani- and Tobago Expedition. In April caria and Euterpe plants with ripe 2007, Dr. Larry Noblick and I trav- fruits. Edmund and Paul, busy men eled to Trinidad. Working with Dr. both, returned to the Forest Division Paul and Mrs. Yasmin Comeau of The Office, while Larry and I collected National Herbarium of Trinidad and the Manicaria saccifera. This palm is Tobago, we collected in the Nariva abundant in the marsh forests of the Swamp, Radix Point, the Northern Reserve and we obtained seed, speci- Range, St. Patrick’s County, the mens, and data. mountains above St. Augustine, The Manicaria saccifera is a true curi- Central Tobago Forest Reserve, and osity. The great, broad leaves emerge Bloody Bay. entire and are dissected irregularly THE SCIENTIFIC RESERVE Dr. Noblick measures a specimen of Manicaria saccifera in the marsh forest. by wind and rain as they age; the One area we collected was the peduncular bract is notable for being Aripo Savannas Scientific Reserve. The Reserve encompasses soft and fibrously reticulate, like a delicate sock woven of a number of open grass and sedge savannas, surrounded by coconut fiber; and the seeds within are the so-called “sea coco- marsh forest habitat. The broken, sandy prairies host the nuts” which float long distances to wash up on the beaches of interesting, prehistoric-looking Lycopodium and the insectivo- Florida and elsewhere. rous Drosera plants. After obtaining a Trinidad and Tobago To collect the Euterpe precatoria, Larry needed his peia, Forestry Division permit, we scouted and collected palms in a climbing device of Brazilian design. We hiked back to our the Aripo Savannas on April 4, 5, and 6, 2007. Trinidad and Tobago’s dry season made fieldwork much easier. (continued on page 3) Montgomery Botanical Center Established 1959 Board of Directors Charles P. Sacher, Esq., President Karl Smiley, M.D., Vice President Walter D. Haynes, Esq., Sec./Treasurer Loyd G. Kelly, Assistant Secretary Charles S. Sacher, Esq., Asst. Sec./Treas. Libby Besse Nicholas Kelly Peter Manz Executive Director F r o m t h e M. Patrick Griffith, Ph.D. Executive Director Botanical Consultant John Popenoe, Ph.D. Montgomery Fellows Montgomery Botanical has seen quite an exciting year thus far. John Dowe, Ph.D. In March, we had the great opportunity to host the South Florida William Hahn, Ph.D. Palm Society for their Spring Sale and Show — palm enthusiasts, Mónica Moraes R., Ph.D. growers, and experts came together at MBC for a great event. The MBC Silvia Salas-Morales team and I met lots of great people during the Sale and Show, and we To advance science, education, enjoyed showcasing the plant collections for which we enthusiastically conservation and horticultural care. Dr. Larry Noblick helped judge the best palms grown in south knowledge of tropical plants, Florida and he reports that this was quite competitive! I thank each of emphasizing palms and cycads, you who participated and visited for this special weekend. Montgomery Botanical Center collects seeds from wild plant populations The South Florida Palm Society reports the sale was their best in around the world and grows the many years, raising significant funds for conservation and research. resulting plants in population-based, The SFPS generously supported our fieldwork in Trinidad and Tobago, documented, scientific collections, for and I detail part of that work herein. SFPS and MBC share a natural use by botanists, scientists, and partnership, with deep common interests. educators, in a 120-acre botanical garden exemplifying excellent design. In addition to Trinidad and Tobago, we have also added important conservation material from Guam, Martinique, Panama, and St. Lucia Montgomery Botanical Center this year. Montgomery Botanical’s ongoing work with palms and cycads (originally The Montgomery Foundation) is a tax-exempt, nonprofit institution is critical for conservation and research, but we also value the aesthetic established by Nell Montgomery benefits of these living gems. In this newsletter, contributions from Joe Jennings in memory of her husband, Hibbard and Chad Husby interpret botanical beauty at large and small Colonel Robert H. Montgomery, and scales. Michael Calonje details important new cycad plantings, and our his love of palms and cycads. colleagues from The Institute for Ethnomedicine report on their work using MBC cycad collections. Montgomery Botanical News is published biannually by Live palm and cycad collections are critical for conservation, Montgomery Botanical Center. research, and education, and are aesthetically compelling — these 11901 Old Cutler Road unique treasures remain the undiluted focus of Montgomery Botanical Miami, Florida 33156 Center. The team and I look forward to sharing them with you. Phone 305.667.3800 Fax 305.661.5984 [email protected] www.montgomerybotanical.org Masthead photo of Veitchia arecina (formerly V. montgomeryana) Pictured: Dr. Griffith afield in northern Trinidad. by Harvey Bernstein Printed on recycled paper 2 Montgomery Botanical News | Fall/Winter 2007 COLLECTING PALMS in the ARIPO SAVANNAS SCIENTIFIC RESERVE (continued from front page) vehicle, dropped off the specimens, and returned with the Finally, the blade lay correctly, and with one stroke we felled peia. The Euterpe was just the right conformation for climb- (and dodged) a huge Mauritia leaf. For the necessary dupli- ing, and Larry, very professionally, obtained specimens and cate, we repeated the ordeal. seed in spite of the biting ants which attacked him 12 meters PALM CONSERVATION IN ACTION above ground. Palms are the big game of the plant collector. With mas- Completing this task, we then sought a suitable specimen sive leaves, giant inflorescences, heavy seed — structures held of Mauritia flexuosa to collect. The Moriche Palm does not far overhead — they out scale the conventional tools of the botanist, and challenge the herbarium cabinet. We located 21 of 22 native palm species in Trinidad and Tobago, and we were able to collect seeds of 14 species over the three-week period. We collected 14 voucher specimens and 69 seed collections, for a total of 4,884 seeds. A stand of Mauritia flexuosa at the edge of the open savanna develop adult leaf form until the plants are quite tall and most adults had thick trunks, hindering or prohibiting climbing. In addition, Larry had had some uncomfort- Collaborators Edmund Charles, Larry Noblick, and Paul Comeau able encounters with wasps nested in the Moriche foliage (lower right frame) cross the savanna. on previous collecting attempts and did not wish to repeat the experience. We hiked back without Moriche as the sun Generous funding from the South Florida Palm Society dipped below the horizon. and the significant help and support from the botanical and On April 6th, we returned for Moriche. Having scouted forestry community in Trinidad and Tobago enabled the these plants for two days, we had a new plan. En route, we success of Montgomery Botanical Center’s expedition. Asso- selected an eight-meter length of bamboo from a riverbank ciations developed through this project will lead to further and hiked this in. Finding the shortest adult Moriche Palm, collaborative achievements for all. we then field-improvised a pole saw. This tool was the least wieldy imaginable — Larry and M. Patrick Griffith, Ph.D., Executive Director I struggled for several exhausting minutes of maneuvering Montgomery Botanical Center as the blade flexed about at the end of the long, heavy cane. [email protected] Montgomery Botanical Receives Grant for Conservation Study Montgomery Botanical Center was awarded an International Palm Society Endowment Fund Grant. The funding will be used to study the genetics of palm conservation collections. Collaborating on this study are Dr. M. Patrick Griffith of Montgomery Botanical Center, Dr. Javier Francisco-Ortega of Florida International University, and Dr. Carl E. Lewis of Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden. Fall/Winter 2007 | Montgomery Botanical News 3 BEAUTY THAT WORKS esigning the landscape at Montgomery Botanical Center (MBC) Montgomery Botanical, we are par- Dinvolves several dimensions, and success is measured by the degree ticularly fortunate to have a wealth of to which these dimensions can be satisfied simultaneously without compromis- resident horticultural and plant science ing each other. The dimensions include horticulture, function, and aesthetics. knowledge plus years of site-specific The design of a given area may begin with consideration of any one of those fac- experience with the soils, exposures, tors, but for the design to be well considered, all three must be objectively utility locations, and special conditions at the property. The team approach, which involves tapping MBC’s collec- tive experience, is a way of exposing the complexity of a design problem from the outset and revealing limitations and “fatal flaws” of a design decision before it goes too far.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Salesforce Park Garden Guide
    Start Here! D Central Lawn Children’s Play Area Garden Guide6 Palm Garden 1 Australian Garden Start Here! D Central Lawn Salesforce Park showcases7 California over Garden 50 species of Children’s Play Area 2 Mediterraneantrees and Basin over 230 species of understory plants. 6 Palm Garden -ã ¼ÜÊ ÊăØÜ ØÊèÜãE úØƀØÊèÃJapanese Maples ¼ÃØ Ê¢ 1 Australian Garden 3 Prehistoric¢ØÕ輫ÕØÊ£ØÂÜÃã«ó«ã«Üŧ¼«¹ĆãÃÜÜ Garden 7 California Garden ¼ÜÜÜŧÊÃØãÜŧÃØ¢ã«Ã£¼ÜÜÜũF Amphitheater Garden Guide 2 Mediterranean Basin 4 Wetland Garden Main Lawn E Japanese Maples Salesforce Park showcases over 50 species of 3 Prehistoric Garden trees and over 230 species of understory plants. A Oak Meadow 8 Desert Garden F Amphitheater It also offers a robust year-round calendar of 4 Wetland Garden Main Lawn free public programs and activities, like fitness B Bamboo Grove 9 Fog Garden Desert Garden classes, concerts, and crafting classes! A Oak Meadow 8 5 Redwood Forest 10 Chilean Garden B Bamboo Grove 9 Fog Garden C Main Plaza 11 South African 10 Chilean Garden Garden 5 Redwood Forest C Main Plaza 11 South African Garden 1 Children’s Australian Play Area Garden ABOUT THE GARDENS The botanist aboard the Endeavor, Sir Joseph Banks, is credited with introducing many plants from Australia to the western world, and many This 5.4 acre park has a layered soil system that plants today bear his name. balances seismic shifting, collects and filters storm- water, and irrigates the gardens. Additionally, the soil Native to eastern Australia, Grass Trees may grow build-up and dense planting help offset the urban only 3 feet in 100 years, and mature plants can be heat island effect by lowering the air temperature.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Oenocarpus (Palmae) in the Cowmbian Amazon
    Bri/tonio. 43(3), 1991 . pp. 154-164 © 1991 , by the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 NOTES ON OENOCARPUS (PALMAE) IN THE COWMBIAN AMAZON RODRIGO G . BERNAL, GWRIA GALEANO, AND ANDREW HENDERSON Bernal, Rodrigo G., Gloria Galeano (Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Univer­ sidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogota, Colombia) and Andrew Henderson (New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126). Notes on Oenocarpus (Palmae) in the Colombian Amazon. Brittonia 43: 154-164. 1991- Five species of Oenocarpus from the Rio Caquem. in the Colombian Amazon, are discussed. Two of them, Oenocarpus simplex and Oenocarpus makeru are described as new. Oenocarpus bacaba var. parvus is shown to be a synonym of O. balickii; this species and O. minor are recorded for the first time in Colombia. Some comments on the poorly known O. circumtextus are also given. The new findings support the inclusion of Jessenia in Oenocarpus. Se discuten cinco especies de Oenocarpus de la region del rio Caqueta, en la Amazonia Colombiana. Dos de elIas, Oenocarpus simplex y Oenocarpus makeru se describen como nuevas. Oenocarpus bacaba var. parvus es considerada un sin6nimo de O. balickii, y esta especie, junto con O. minor, es registrada por primera vez en Colombia. Se da infonnacion adicional sobre O. circumtextus, una especie muy poco conocida. Los nuevos hallazgos respaldan la union de Jessenia y Oenocarpus. Key words: Palmae, Oenocarpus, Jessenia, Colombian Amazon. Nine species were recognized by Balick (1986) in the most recent revision of the Jessenia-Oenocarpus complex. Two new varieties of Oenocarpus bacaba C. Martius from Venezuela were later added by Wessels Boer (1988), and a new species of Oenocarpus C.
    [Show full text]
  • Oenocarpus Bataua Mart.): a Palm from the Amazon
    International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 31(6): 1-7, 2019; Article no.IJPSS.54389 ISSN: 2320-7035 Mineralogical Composition and Bioactive Molecules in the Pulp and Seed of Patauá (Oenocarpus bataua Mart.): A Palm from the Amazon S. A. M. Saravia1*, I. F. Montero2, B. M. Linhares3, R. A. Santos4 and J. A. F. Marcia5 1Faculty of Earth Sciences and Conservation, National University of Agriculture, Highway to Dulce Nombre de Culmi, Km 215, Neighborhood El Espino, Catacamas-Olancho, Honduras. 2Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Polytechnic School, University of Extremadura, University Avenue s/n, Cáceres, Spain. 3Federal Institute of Roraima, Campus Boa Vista, Av. Glaycon de Paiva, 2496 - Pricumã, Boa Vista - RR, 69303-340, Brazil. 4Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University, USA. 5Faculty of Technological Sciences, National University of Agriculture, Highway to Dulce Nombre de Culmi, Km 215, Neighborhood El Espino, Catacamas-Olancho, Honduras. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author SAMS contributed to the analysis, literature review and formatting of the article. Author IFM contributed to the supervision of the analysis, writing of the article and review of language and style. Author BML contributed to the collection of the material, sample preparation and analysis. Authors RAS and JAFM contributed to the review, editing of the article, the verification, validation of the methods and analysis being used in the experiments. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/IJPSS/2019/v31i630228 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Olanrewaju Folusho Olotuah, Professor, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • Bush Foods and Fibres
    Australian Plants Society NORTH SHORE GROUP Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden Bush foods and fibres • Plant-based bush foods, medicines and poisons can come from nectar, flowers, fruit, leaves, bark, stems, sap and roots. • Plants provide fibres and materials for making many items including clothes, cords, musical instruments, shelters, tools, toys and weapons. • A fruit is the seed-bearing structure of a plant. • Do not eat fruits that you do not know to be safe to eat. Allergic reactions or other adverse reactions could occur. • We acknowledge the Traditional Custodians of this land and pay our respects to the Elders both past, present and future for they hold the memories, traditions, culture and hope of their people. Plants as food: many native plants must be processed before they are safe to eat. Flowers, nectar, pollen, Sugars, vitamins, honey, lerps (psyllid tents) minerals, starches, manna (e.g. Ribbon Gum proteins & other nutrients Eucalyptus viminalis exudate), gum (e.g. Acacia lerp manna decurrens) Fruit & seeds Staple foods Carbohydrates (sugars, starches, fibre), proteins, fats, vitamins Leaves, stalks, roots, apical Staple foods Carbohydrates, protein, buds minerals Plants such as daisies, lilies, orchids and vines Tubers, rhyzomes were a source of starchy tubers known as Carbohydrate, fibre, yams. The yam daisy Microseris lanceolata protein, vitamins, (Asteraceae) was widespread in inland NSW minerals and other states. The native yam Dioscorea transversa grows north from Stanwell Tops into Qld and Northern Territory and can be eaten raw or roasted as can those of Trachymene incisa. 1 Plant Description of food Other notes Acacia Wattle seed is a rich source of iron, Saponins and tannins and other essential elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Complexity and Variation in the Effects of Low-Severity Fires on Forest Biota
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2003 Complexity and variation in the effects of low-severity fires on forest biota Karen Christine Short The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Short, Karen Christine, "Complexity and variation in the effects of low-severity fires on forest biota" (2003). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 9463. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/9463 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature** ,/ Yes, I grant permission U7 ______ No, I do not grant permission Author's Signature: Date: <£/£-/< Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. 8/98 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. COMPLEXITY AND VARIATION IN THE EFFECTS OF LOW-SEVERITY FIRES ON FOREST BIOTA by Karen C.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Ring Disease of Coconut Palms Is Caused by the Red Ring Nematode (Bursaphelenchus Cocophilus), Though This Nematode May Also Be Known As the Coconut Palm Nematode
    1 Red ring disease of coconut palms is caused by the red ring nematode (Bursaphelenchus cocophilus), though this nematode may also be known as the coconut palm nematode. This disease was first described on coconut palms in 1905 in Trinidad and the association between the disease and the nematode was reported in 1919. The vector of the nematode is the South American palm weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum), both adults and larvae. The nematode parasitizes the weevil which then transmits the nematode as it moves from tree to tree. Though the weevil may visit many different tree species, the nematode only infects members of the Palmae family. The nematode and South American palm weevil have not yet been observed in Florida. 2 Information Sources: Brammer, A.S. and Crow, W.T. 2001. Red Ring Nematode, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Baujard (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Aphelenchina: Aphelenchoidea: Bursaphelechina) formerly Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. EENY236. Accessed 11-27-13 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in392 Griffith, R. 1987. “Red Ring Disease of Coconut Palm”. The American Pathological Society Plant Disease, Volume 71, February, 193-196. accessed 12/5/2013- http://www.apsnet.org/publications/plantdisease/ba ckissues/Documents/1987Articles/PlantDisease71n02_193.PDF Griffith, R., R. M. Giblin-Davis, P. K. Koshy, and V. K. Sosamma. 2005. Nematode parasites of coconut and other palms. M. Luc, R. A. Sikora, and J. Bridges (eds.) In Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture. C.A.B. International, Oxon, UK. Pp. 493-527. 2 The host trees susceptible to the red ring nematode are usually found in the family Palmae.
    [Show full text]
  • Astrocaryum Chambira)
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279205063 Chambira o cumare (Astrocaryum chambira) Chapter · January 2013 CITATIONS READS 0 1,427 1 author: Néstor García Pontificia Universidad Javeriana 42 PUBLICATIONS 236 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Investigación e innovación tecnológica y apropiación social de conocimiento científico de orquídeas nativas de Cundinamarca View project Demografía, manejo y conservación de Attalea nucifera (Arecaceae) en la cuenca del río Magdalena View project All content following this page was uploaded by Néstor García on 28 July 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Cosechar sin destruir Aprovechamiento sostenible de palmas colombianas Rodrigo Bernal y Gloria Galeano Editores Bogotá, D. C., Colombia, octubre de 2013 Catalogación en la publicación Universidad Nacional de Colombia Cosechar sin destruir : aprovechamiento sostenible de palmas colombianas / editores Rodrigo Bernal y Gloria Galeano. -- Bogotá : Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales : PALMS : Colciencias, 2013 244 páginas : ilustraciones Incluye referencias bibliográficas ISBN : 978-958-761-611-8 1. Palmas – Colombia 2. Ecología de cultivos – Colombia 3. Industria de la palma - Tecnología poscosecha 4. Palmas - Distribución geográfica – Colombia 5. Silvicultura sostenible – Colombia 6. Etnobotánica – Colombia I. Bernal González,
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotany of Riverine Populations from the Rio Negro, Amazonia (Brazil)
    Journal of Ethnobiology 27(1): 46–72 Spring/Summer 2007 ETHNOBOTANY OF RIVERINE POPULATIONS FROM THE RIO NEGRO, AMAZONIA (BRAZIL) ANDRE´ A LEME SILVA,a JORGE TAMASHIROb and ALPINA BEGOSSIc aDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biocieˆncias Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, CEP 05580-900 ^[email protected]& bDepartamento de Botaˆnica, UNICAMP Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil ^[email protected]& cFisheries and Food Institute, Rua Coronel Quirino 1636, Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo 13025-002, Brazil, and Fisheries Management and Training Program, PREAC-UNICAMP ^[email protected]& ABSTRACT.—This paper presents a comparative study of plant knowledge and use in rural and urban areas in the municipality of Barcelos in the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil, based on a total of 81 interviews. Using diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener), plant knowledge is compared among communities (urban- rural population), and between sex (male-female) and age (older or younger than 40 years) categories within each community. Among our informants, we found quantitative differences concerning the knowledge of medicinal plants between sex and age categories. Some individuals play a key role relating to medicinal plant knowledge, and steps should be taken in order to include them in management and conservation plans. Key words: ethnobotany, diversity indices, plant knowledge and use, Rio Negro, Brazilian Amazon. RESUMO.—Com base em um total de 81 entrevistas, no´s apresentamos um estudo etnobotaˆnico comparativo entre populac¸o˜es urbanas e rurais na municipalidade de Barcelos no Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. Usando´ ındices de diversidade (Shannon-Wiener), o conhecimento de plantas e´ comparado entre as comunidades estudadas (populac¸a˜o urbana e rural), geˆnero (masculino e feminino) e categorias de idade (menos que 40 anos e mais que 40 anos de idade).
    [Show full text]
  • Restoring Tropical Forests on Lands Mined for Bauxite: Examples from the Brazilian Amazon
    Ecological Engineering 17 (2001) 219–239 www.elsevier.com/locate/ecoleng Restoring tropical forests on lands mined for bauxite: Examples from the Brazilian Amazon John A. Parrotta a,*, Oliver H. Knowles b a International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Ser6ice, P.O. Box 25000, Rı´o Piedras, PR 00928-5000, USA b C.P. 15, Santare´m, 68005.970 Para´, Brazil Accepted 19 August 2000 Abstract Restoring self-sustaining tropical forest ecosystems on surface mined sites is a formidable challenge that requires the integration of proven reclamation techniques and reforestation strategies appropriate to specific site conditions, including landscape biodiversity patterns. Restorationists working in most tropical settings are usually hampered by lack of basic information on the wide variety of native tree species that characterize the pre-disturbance forests, as well as insufficient understanding of the ecology of disturbance and natural recovery to design effective restoration programs. A notable exception to this is the forest restoration program developed since the early 1980s by a Brazilian bauxite mining company operating at Trombetas in Para´ State in central Amazonia. A systematic nursery and field research strategy was used to develop a reforestation program based on mixed plantings of more than 70 native old-growth forest tree species. This technique has been used to replant about 100 ha of deforested minelands each year over the past 15 years. Research in recent years has evaluated this approach and other, generally simpler, reforestation methods used at a smaller scale at this site. Post-plantation biodiversity development and other indicators of restoration success or sustainability were recorded.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavior and Ecology of the White-Footed Tamarin (Saguinus Leucopus) in a Fragmented Landscape of Colombia
    Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science Vol. 9 (2): 788-808, 2016 Research Article Behavior and ecology of the white-footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus) in a fragmented landscape of Colombia: small bodied primates and seed dispersal in Neotropical forests A. Gabriela de Luna1, 2,*, Yesenia García-Morera1, 3 and Andrés Link1, 4, 5 1Fundación Proyecto Primates 2Departamento de Zoología y Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, España 3Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia 4Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia 5Facultad de Administración, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract Tamarins are small-bodied Neotropical primates that mainly feed on ripe fruits and insects, and supplement their diet with plant exudates, nectar, fungi and vertebrate prey. They are important seed dispersers in Neotropical forests as they are able to disperse a large number of small and me- dium-sized seeds from parental trees. In this paper, we describe the diet of the white-footed tama- rin (Saguinus leucopus) and its role as seed disperser in a fragmented landscape in Colombia. During a twelve month period, we collected data on activity patterns, ranging behavior and feeding ecol- ogy, as well as on habitat-wide forest productivity. S. leucopus fed from >95 plant species and spent 17% of their time feeding. We found a positive relationship between fruit consumption and ripe- fruit availability. Dietary diversity increased during periods of fruit scarcity, when the tamarins fed more on insects and exudates. During periods of fruit scarcity, they relied more heavily on the bor- ders of forest fragments and made occasional incursions into adjacent fragments across a matrix of pastures.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity of Dispersed Seeds Is Highly Variable Among Leks of the T Long-Wattled Umbrellabird
    Acta Oecologica 86 (2018) 31–37 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Acta Oecologica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actoec Genetic diversity of dispersed seeds is highly variable among leks of the T long-wattled umbrellabird ∗ Kym Ottewella,c, Luke Brownea,b,d, Domingo Cabrerab, Jorge Olivob, Jordan Karubiana,b, a Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, 400 Lindy Boggs Building, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA b Fundación para la Conservación de los Andes Tropicales, Mariano Hurtado N 50-89 y Vicente Herida, Quito, Ecuador c Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 17 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia 6158, Australia d UCLA La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Frugivorous animals frequently generate clumped distributions of seeds away from source trees, but genetic Alpha, beta, delta and gamma diversity consequences of this phenomenon remain poorly resolved. Seed dispersal of the palm Oenocarpus bataua by long- Allelic diversity wattled umbrellabirds Cephalopterus penduliger generates high seed densities in leks (i.e., multi-male display fl Gene ow sites), providing a suitable venue to investigate how dispersal by this frugivore may influence seed source di- Heterozygosity versity and genetic structure at local and landscape levels. We found moderate levels of maternal seed source Central place foraging diversity in primary seed rain across five leks in northwest Ecuador (unweighted mean alpha diversity α = 9.52, Seed dispersal α α – Ecuador weighted mean r = 3.52), with considerable variation among leks ( r range: 1.81 24.55).
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Animal-Mediated Seed Dispersal of Palms
    Selbyana 11: 6-21 A REVIEW OF ANIMAL-MEDIATED SEED DISPERSAL OF PALMS SCOTT ZoNA Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 ANDREW HENDERSON New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458 ABSTRACT. Zoochory is a common mode of dispersal in the Arecaceae (palmae), although little is known about how dispersal has influenced the distributions of most palms. A survey of the literature reveals that many kinds of animals feed on palm fruits and disperse palm seeds. These animals include birds, bats, non-flying mammals, reptiles, insects, and fish. Many morphological features of palm infructescences and fruits (e.g., size, accessibility, bony endocarp) have an influence on the animals which exploit palms, although the nature of this influence is poorly understood. Both obligate and opportunistic frugivores are capable of dispersing seeds. There is little evidence for obligate plant-animaI mutualisms in palm seed dispersal ecology. In spite of a considerable body ofliterature on interactions, an overview is presented here ofthe seed dispersal (Guppy, 1906; Ridley, 1930; van diverse assemblages of animals which feed on der Pijl, 1982), the specifics ofzoochory (animal­ palm fruits along with a brief examination of the mediated seed dispersal) in regard to the palm role fruit and/or infructescence morphology may family have been largely ignored (Uhl & Drans­ play in dispersal and subsequent distributions. field, 1987). Only Beccari (1877) addressed palm seed dispersal specifically; he concluded that few METHODS animals eat palm fruits although the fruits appear adapted to seed dispersal by animals. Dransfield Data for fruit consumption and seed dispersal (198lb) has concluded that palms, in general, were taken from personal observations and the have a low dispersal ability, while Janzen and literature, much of it not primarily concerned Martin (1982) have considered some palms to with palm seed dispersal.
    [Show full text]