DOCSLIB.ORG

“WOMEN”: SEX, SCIENCE, SPORT, and the STORY of CASTER SEMENYA by © 2013 Jaclyn Howell Submitted to the Gr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“WOMEN”: SEX, SCIENCE, SPORT, and the STORY of CASTER SEMENYA by © 2013 Jaclyn Howell Submitted to the Gr View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by KU ScholarWorks FROM MONSTERS TO “WOMEN”: SEX, SCIENCE, SPORT, AND THE STORY OF CASTER SEMENYA By © 2013 Jaclyn Howell Submitted to the graduate degree program in Communication Studies and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________ Dr. Dave Tell, Committee Chairperson _______________________________________ Dr. Robert Rowland ________________________________ Dr. Beth Innocenti ________________________________ Dr. Donn W. Parson ________________________________ Dr. Elizabeth MacGonagle Date Defended: November 15, 2013 ii The Dissertation Committee for Jaclyn Howell certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: FROM MONSTERS TO “WOMEN”: SCIENCE, SEX, SPORT, AND THE STORY OF CASTER SEMENYA _______________________________________ Dr. Dave Tell, Committee Chairperson Date approved: November 15, 2013 iii Abstract My dissertation examines the various rhetorical techniques used to administrate gender and sex in the context of sport. Since the 1960s, the category of female has been treated as a prize to be won, reserved only for those who passed a variety of tests and who, quite literally, carried cards attesting to the authenticity of their sex. Given these restrictions on the category of the “female athlete,” I conclude that women in sport have always been a rhetorical creation. I use the controversy over South African runner Caster Semenya as an entry point to explore these techniques in their various forms from 1966 to the present day. In 2009, Semenya was subjected to a variety of gender tests – from stripping her of her clothes, swabbing her mouth for chromosomal analysis, or extracting blood samples for genetic analysis – each of which had a long history in sport, many of which had been officially banned, but all of which still influenced whether or not she counted as a female. By analyzing the long history of these gender tests and their application to Semenya’s body, my dissertation examines some of the most enduring practices of female naturalization in public memory. Caster Semenya’s story figures as an important reminder of the political and very material grip that past technologies and policies still hold even after their formal abandonment and the role of rhetoric in the creation of gendered and sexed identities. iv Acknowledgments There are many people to thank. Each person has played an integral role in my academic development and has truly shaped me as the scholar I hope to become. Thank you to Dave Tell. You were a superb dissertation advisor. Your attention to the details of this project was pivotal in it coming to fruition. Thank you for encouraging me to take on this project, for listening, for helping me to own the arguments I make in it, and for always seeing value in it, even when it was hard for me to do that myself. Thank you for sticking with it until the very end. Thank you to Dr. Rowland. It is precisely because I worked with you that I am able to make the arguments that I do in this project. Thank you for helping me to become a better writer, thinker, and critic. Thank you for believing in me when I didn’t, for giving me opportunities for development I otherwise would not have had, and for supporting me. Like you have always said, I cannot repay these things, but I will do my best to pay them forward. Thank you to Beth. From Steinem, to obscure nineteenth century novels, to stories of largely unknown civil rights icons, you have always been an advocate for my projects, no matter the content or angle. Thank you for being a wonderful Masters advisor and for having me revise one chapter several times. Thank you for supporting my decisions and for always being positive about my work and the future. Thank you to Dr. Parson. Thank you for forcing me to make arguments with propositions. You helped change me from a listener to an active participant. Thank you for making me realize that I could do this. I am indeed grateful you assigned me Brockriede. I consider that assignment pivotal in changing me from listener to arguer. Thank you for your wise counsel, for your enthymemes, and for all of those feminist assignments. Thank you to Suzy. Thank you for the time you gave to this project, for asking me tough questions, and for the feminist vantage point that you provided. Thank you for modeling what really good feminist work looks like. Thank you to my family and v friends. Thanks Mom, Dad, Alex, Kristen, and Tootie. Last, thank you to Pete. This journey was much better with you by my side. vi Table of Contents Chapter 1: From Monsters to “Women”: Science, Sex, Sport and the Story of Caster Semenya Introduction 1 Key Terms 19 Methodology 33 Chapter 2: Nudes Parades, Leonard Chuene, and the Visual Body 45 Leonard Chuene, Caster Semenya, and the Nude Parade 48 The Emergence of Nude Parades 61 Chuene’s Lie 74 Chapter 3: Chromosomes, Mike Hurst, and The Deep Body 78 The Reign of Chromosomes 83 Chromosomal Journalism and Caster Semenya 100 Chapter 4: Ariel Levy, Feminism, and a Critical Turn 121 The End of a Universal Mandate 126 Caster Semenya’s Rhetorical Body 135 Conclusion 166 Notes 181 Bibliography 224 1 From Monsters to “Women”: Science, Sex, Sport and the Story of Caster Semenya Chapter 1 Introduction In January 2010, representatives of sport’s most powerful governing organization, the International Olympic Committee (I.O.C.), gathered together at its headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland. There was just one agenda item. The question on the table was this: exactly what makes a woman a woman? After struggling to legislate this question (with formal policy) for the previous fifty years, the I.O.C. was no closer to a resolution. Yet, with the London summer games on the horizon, the organization felt compelled to once more attempt an answer. As one attendee, Dr. Eric Vilain, a medical geneticist from U.C.L.A., remarked, “You have to draw a line in the sand somewhere.”1 Even more pertinent to the twenty-four doctors, scientists, and policy-makers in attendance than the upcoming games were the events of the past year surrounding the South African runner Caster Semenya. Indeed, it is not too much to suggest that her body provided them with a reason to convene. A few months earlier, on August 19, 2009, the then-eighteen-year-old Semenya took the world by storm when she won the 800 meter race at the World Championships in Berlin, Germany. Her record-breaking dash was soon backgrounded when rumors began circulating about her body, one that was noticeably masculine. Rather than praise or accolades for Semenya, in which she “won the eight-hundred-meter title by nearly two and a half seconds,” fellow runners, athletics officials, and spectators around the globe were consumed by the appearance of her body.2 Semenya’s story went from curious to salacious when, a few weeks later, medical reports were leaked to the press about so-called “gender tests” conducted on her in Berlin one day before the 800 meter final. It was suggested that, “During those tests . her genitals were 2 photographed and her internal organs examined.”3 Shortly following those tests and Semenya’s win, the International Association of Athletics Federations (I.A.A.F.) banned her from track competition for eleven months, leaving her sex a murky matter and the authenticity of her medal up for grabs. The story of Caster Semenya “ripped around the world” within days of her controversial win and the reports leaked a few weeks later accelerated the dispute over her body into a “full- blown political scandal.”4 The press coverage emphasized not her remarkable athletic prowess, her incredible victory where she “cruised past her competitors like a machine,” or even the fact that her qualifying time for the World Championships “beat the South African record” for the 800 meter race.5 The question that consumed the press dealt with Semenya’s body. As The Times of London reported, “No sooner had Ms. Semenya won her gold medal at the World Championships in Berlin on August 19, [2009], than questions were being asked about her deep voice and muscular frame.”6 The Observer chronicled, “Semenya was just another pupil in . South Africa until her body propelled her to international glory and very public humiliation.”7 These events made the January 2010 meeting of the I.O.C. all but inevitable. As Ellison chronicled, “in the wake of Semenya’s case, and the international scrutiny it prompted, the I.O.C. announced that it would try, once again, to devise a way to decisively determine what makes a woman a woman.”8 On June 22, 2010, the I.O.C. published their answer when they opined “that the determining factor making men men and women women – and the source of what was deemed an unfair competitive edge – lies in naturally-occurring levels of testosterone.”9 The organization deemed testosterone “the factor most likely to confer competitive advantage, due to its typically high distinction between males and females.”10 With this determination, the I.O.C. specifically focused their attention on women with hyperandrogenism, a condition characterized 3 by “naturally high testosterone levels.”11 Numerous invested parties challenged the I.O.C.’s findings by claiming that hyperandrogenism’s link to athletic advantage is tenuous at best. Jordan-Young and Karkazis argued, “Testosterone is not the master molecule of athleticism. One glaring clue is that women whose tissues do no respond to testosterone at all are actually overrepresented among elite athletes.”12 Despite objections – and there were many – their ruling about hyperandrogenism constituted that “line in the sand” demarcating who was a woman and who was not a woman.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FCC Quarterly Programming Report Jan 1-March 31, 2017 KPCC-KUOR
    Southern California Public Radio- FCC Quarterly Programming Report Jan 1-March 31, 2017 KPCC-KUOR-KJAI-KVLA START TIME Duration min:sec Public Affairs Issue 1 Public Affairs Issue 2 Show & Narrative 1/2/2017 TAKE TWO: The Binge– 2016 was a terrible year - except for all the awesome new content that was Entertainment Industry available to stream. Mark Jordan Legan goes through the best that 2016 had to 9:42 8:30 offer with Alex Cohen. TAKE TWO: The Ride 2017– 2017 is here and our motor critic, Sue Carpenter, Transportation puts on her prognosticator hat to predict some of the automotive stories we'll be talking about in the new year 9:51 6:00 with Alex Cohen. TAKE TWO: Presidents and the Press– Presidential historian Barbara Perry says contention between a President Politics Media and the news media is nothing new. She talks with Alex Cohen about her advice for journalists covering the 10:07 10:30 Trump White House. TAKE TWO: The Wall– Political scientist Peter Andreas says building Trump's Immigration Politics wall might be easier than one thinks because hundreds of miles of the border are already lined with barriers. 10:18 12:30 He joins Alex Cohen. TAKE TWO: Prison Podcast– A podcast Law & is being produced out of San Quentin Media Order/Courts/Police State Prison called Ear Hustle. We hear some excerpts and A Martinez talks to 10:22 9:30 one of the producers, Nigel Poor. TAKE TWO: The Distance Between Us– Reyna Grande grew up in poverty in Books/ Literature/ Iguala, Mexico, left behind by her Immigration Authors parents who had gone north looking for a better life and she's written a memoir for young readers.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Introduction
    1. Introduction ‘Intersex’ has always been a contested category, and hence providing a definition of the term and the concept is a challenging task. Intersex activist Michelle O’Brien contends that when speaking or writing about intersex, “the first thing that has to be understood is that the definition of intersex has changed and has become increasingly policed by people with medical, activist and academic careers” (O’Brien 2009). Morgan Holmes, intersex activist and scholar, likewise argues that “intersex is not one but many sites of contested being [that] is hailed by specific and competing interests, and is a sign constantly under erasure, whose significance always carries the trace of an agenda from somewhere else” (Holmes 2009: 2). The shifting processes of signification and resignification of ‘intersex’ that have occurred throughout the centuries, but most considerably in the last two decades, need to be taken into account and are indispensable for an adequate understanding of intersex. Yet in order for intersex individuals and (an) intersex collective(s) to become recognizable, to be socioculturally acknowledged, and to act as a political agent, intersex organizations have developed a working definition of intersex. The Organization Intersex International (OII)1 provides the following definition that is currently in use and widely accepted by global intersex activists, NGOs, and generally by other medical and political agents involved in intersex debates (although their own respective definitions of intersex may differ): “Intersex people are born with physical, hormonal or genetic features that are neither wholly female nor wholly male; or a combination of female and male; or neither female nor male” (OII Australia 2013).2 Implied in this definition is the acknowledgment that various forms of intersex exist, hence intersex is to be understood as comprising a spectrum of 1 The Organization Intersex International (OII) is currently the largest global network of intersex organizations with branches in a dozen countries on five continents.
    [Show full text]
  • Publishing in a Pandemic
    VOLUME 4, No.2 Publishing in a pandemic bsdj.org.uk /thebsdj @thebsdj @thebsdj C b n d EDITORIAL 1 Isabel Schulz, Eleni Panagoulas, James M. Kilgour and Shivali Fulchand Olamide Dada ORIGINAL RESEARCH Oliver Darwin Emma Ponyton-Smith, Erica Colwill and Opinda Sahota DISCUSSION Aleksander Dawidziuk Emma Salter Bahudin and Magnolia Cardona EDUCATION Jessica Leighton, Lesley Homes, Ann Thompson and Mark Lee REFLECTIONS Natalie Farmer CORRESPONDENCE Mark P. Khurana The British Student Doctor, 2020;4(2):1-2 doi: 10.18573/bsdj.209 Editorial Medicine is celebrated as a career that o!ers lifelong learning. We have been remind- ed of how true this is since a previously unknown virus transformed every aspect of our personal and working lives. It has been a time of great loss and we acknowledge and honor all those working in the front line who personally sacri"ce themselves by risking their lives daily. Our thoughts and condolences go out to the families and friends of all those a!ected by the pandemic. Covid-19 has also highlighted the underlying structural inequalities in our society. When we founded The British Student Doctor, we established our policy on diversity and inclusion, with equality and equity in publishing being a vital aspect of our mis- sion. We cannot be any clearer: Black lives matter. Black medical students matter. Black voices matter. In her editorial, Olamide Dada, a medical student from Cardi! University and Founder of Melanin Medics, voices that our current medical school curriculum does not equip medical students to provide optimum care for all. As medical students and doctors, we have the responsibility to ensure our curriculum is Dr Isabel Schulz inclusive and provides us with the knowledge to care for all patients regardless of their Southampton Medical School ethnicity.
    [Show full text]
  • Pregnant People?
    COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW FORUM VOL. 119 OCTOBER 11, 2019 PAGES 173–199 PREGNANT PEOPLE? Jessica Clarke* In their article Unsexing Pregnancy, David Fontana and Naomi Schoenbaum undertake the important project of disentangling the social aspects of pregnancy from those that relate to a pregnant woman’s body. They argue that the law should stop treating the types of work either parent can do—such as purchasing a carseat, finding a pediatrician, or choosing a daycare—as exclusively the domain of the pregnant wom- an. The project’s primary aim is to undermine legal rules that assume a gendered division of labor in which men are breadwinners and women are caretakers. But Fontana and Schoenbaum argue their project will also have benefits in terms of equality for expectant LGBTQ parents. To further this project, this Response asks what unsexing pregnancy might look like for different types of pregnant people: (1) pregnant individuals who do not identify as women, (2) expectant couples in which one partner is pregnant, (3) expectant parents engaging a surrogate or pur- suing adoption, and (4) pregnant people who rely on networks of family and friends for support and caregiving. It argues that, in each of these contexts, the extension of pregnancy benefits raises a unique set of ques- tions. But across all of these contexts, it will take more than simply making existing pregnancy rules gender neutral to achieve equality. INTRODUCTION In Unsexing Pregnancy, David Fontana and Naomi Schoenbaum make a compelling case against laws premised on the assumption that the caregiving tasks associated with pregnancy should be assigned exclusively to the pregnant woman.1 They argue that pregnancy requires labor in addition to that entailed in childbirth, gestation, and related changes to the pregnant body.
    [Show full text]
  • Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA) Is the National Government Department Responsible for Sport in South Africa
    Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA) is the national government department responsible for sport in South Africa. Aligned with its vision of creating An Active and Winning Nation, its primary focuses are providing opportunities for all South Africans to participate in sport; managing the regulatory framework thereof and providing funding for different codes of sport. The department transforms the delivery of sport and recreation by ensuring equitable access, development and excellence at all levels of participation, thereby improving social cohesion, nation-building and the quality of life of all South Africans. The SRSA is established in terms of the Public Service Act of 1994. Its legal mandate is derived from the National Sport and Recreation Amendment Act, 2007 (Act 18 of 2007), which requires it to oversee the development and management of sport and recreation in South Africa. The Act provides the framework for relationships between the department and its external clients. This includes the SRSA’s partnership with the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC). The partnership is key to improving South Africa’s international ranking in selected sports. The Act also ensures that sport and physical education contribute to social cohesion by legislating on sports participation and sports infrastructure. Aligned with the SRSA’s vision of an active and winning nation, the department primarily focuses on providing opportunities for all South Africans to participate in sport; manages the regulatory framework; and provides funding for different sporting codes. The SRSA aims to maximise access, development and excellence at all levels of participation in sport and recreation to improve the quality of life for all South Africans.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Intersex Individuals Hermaphrodites?
    INTERSEX 101: The “I” Stands for Intersex What Is Intersex? Intersex is a general term that refers to a variety of experiences in which a person is born with a genetic, sexual, or reproductive anatomy that does not fit the typical definitions of a male or female body. Just as skin and hair color vary along a wide spectrum, so do genetic, sexual, and reproductive anatomies. Intersex variations are not uncommon or a social pathology. Intersexuality covers more than 25 genetic and hormonal variations. Intersex FAQs How Many Intersex People Are There? The most thorough existing research has found that intersex births constitute about 1.9% of the population, making intersex individuals more common than red-headed individuals (who are about 1-2% of the population). However, given that some intersex individuals do not realize that they have an intersex variation, and some individuals who could be considered intersex do not identify as such, the figure is likely substantially higher. Do Intersex Individuals Need Medical Treatment? There are very few instances when a child’s intersex variation poses health risks that require immediate medical attention. Intersex activists and human rights groups, including the United Nations, urge no medical intervention until the person themselves can have a say in any possible changes to their bodies. Intersex FAQs Do Intersex Individuals Identify as Male or Female? It depends on the individual. Some identify as male or female; some identify as intersex men or intersex women; some identify only as intersex; and some identify as none of these. Are Intersex Individuals Hermaphrodites? Biologically speaking, hermaphrodites are beings with fully functioning sets of “male” and “female” sex organs.
    [Show full text]
  • To Be a Woman in the World of Sport Global Regulation of the Gender Binary in Elite Athletics Michele Krech
    IILJ Emerging Scholars Paper 25 (2016) To Be a Woman in the World of Sport Global Regulation of the Gender Binary in Elite Athletics Michele Krech Faculty Director Benedict Kingsbury Program Director Angelina Fisher Institute Fellows Paul Mertenskötter & Thomas Streinz Faculty Advisory Committee Philip Alston, José Alvarez, Eyal Benvenisti, Kevin Davis, Gráinne de Búrca, Rochelle Dreyfuss, Franco Ferrari, Robert Howse, Mattias Kumm, Linda Silberman, Richard Stewart & Joseph H. H. Weiler IILJ Online www.iilj.org | @nyuiilj IILJ at NYU School of Law Wilf Hall, 139 MacDougal Street, 3rd Floor, New York, NY All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the author. ISSN: 1552-6275 © Michele Krech Emerging Scholars Papers are issued at the responsibility of their authors, and do not reflect views of NYU, the IILJ, or associated personnel. New York University School of Law New York, NY 10012 U.S.A. Version of 19 September 2016 Cite as: IILJ Emerging Scholars Paper 25 (2016) Krech IILJ Emerging Scholars Paper 25 (2016) TO BE A WOMAN IN THE WORLD OF SPORT GLOBAL REGULATION OF THE GENDER BINARY IN ELITE ATHLETICS Michele Krech Abstract Indian sprinter, Dutee Chand, made headlines and history when she successfully challenged the validity of an international rule of athletics that disqualified her from competition because of the ‘masculine’ level of naturally-occurring testosterone in her body. The decision of the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Chand’s favour demonstrates that the International Association of Athletics Federations, despite being the duly authorized regulator of international athletics competition, does not operate unconstrained in policing the boundaries of sex and gender, particularly when it does so in a discriminatory manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Background and Timeline Insert
    HUMAN “They’re Chasing Us Away RIGHTS from Sport” WATCH Human Rights Violations in Sex Testing of Elite Women Athletes 19301930ss 19401940s-1950s-1950s s Unsubstantiated stories of men Systematic sex testing, of a sort, exists as early as masquerading as women in international the 1940s via identity cards and “certificates of sporting events first appear.i femininity,” with the IAAF and IOC requiring all female athletes who wish to register for an event to provide a physician letter attesting to their sex for eligibility purposes.ii Meeting of the Executive Committee of the International Olympic Committee in 1951 in Vienna, chaired by IOC President Edström. © 1951 ullstein bild via Getty Images BACKGROUND You have to sacrifice so much, especially us ladies. —C.M., athlete, November 12, 2019 The regulation of women’s participation in sport via “sex testing” dates back decades. A key architect of such regulations—a former official with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and World Athletics—later went on to characterize previous testing regimes as a “systematic violation for which the world of sport must take respon- sibility,” and “a decades-long example of sexual harassment of sexual abuse within sport [and] a flagrant abuse.”13 The earliest attempts at “sex testing” that sports authorities instituted in the 1940s for the purposes of eligibility were informal and ad hoc, but by the 1960s, sports governing bodies such as the IAAF and the IOC began system- atic mandatory testing of all women athletes based on rumors that some women “were more male than female,” resulting in “unfair competition for ‘real’ women.”14 There have never been analogous regulations for men.
    [Show full text]
  • Caster Semenya and the Myth of a Level Playing Field Erin E
    The Modern American Volume 6 | Issue 2 Article 5 2010 Caster Semenya and the Myth of a Level Playing Field Erin E. Buzuvis Western New England College School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/tma Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Science and Technology Commons, and the Sexuality and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Buzuvis, Erin E. (2010) "Caster Semenya and the Myth of a Level Playing Field," The Modern American: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 5. Available at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/tma/vol6/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in The odeM rn American by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Caster Semenya and the Myth of a Level Playing Field Keywords gender, athletics, Caster Semenya, sex-segregated sports, Olympics This article is available in The odeM rn American: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/tma/vol6/iss2/5 CASTER SEMENYA AND THE MYTH OF A LEVEL PLAYING FIELD By: Erin Buzuvis 1 In August of 2009, policies and and testosterone levels that are higher verification testing at the Olympic procedures to verify the sex of female (perhaps three times higher) than those level as well as within the IAAF. The athletes were called into question when of the average woman.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Limits of Professional Autonomy: the Intersex Rights Movement’S Path to De-Medicalization
    \\jciprod01\productn\H\HLG\41-1\HLG105.txt unknown Seq: 1 11-JUL-18 9:50 REVISITING THE LIMITS OF PROFESSIONAL AUTONOMY: THE INTERSEX RIGHTS MOVEMENT’S PATH TO DE-MEDICALIZATION MAAYAN SUDAI* Social movements that seek to change biomedical policy face the par- ticularly challenging task of effectively contesting the scientific and norma- tive basis used to justify medical professional practices in the present. Such is the case of the intersex rights movement, which fights to change the medi- cal standard of genital-normalizing surgeries in infancy.1 To change conven- tional medical policy, the movement is required not only to establish that such treatments are infringing on rights to bodily integrity and autonomy, but it also must invalidate the scientific ground on which the current treat- ment protocol is established. This Article analyzes and compares medical and legal activism, which are the two main approaches to achieving change in the intersex rights movement. This Article argues that medical activism leads to a substantial democratization of the policy-making process, and le- gal activism helps politicize the standard of care and stirs a public discus- sion over its legitimacy. While both medical and legal activism challenge existing medical standards, the costs of cooptation to the movement’s ideol- ogy are not comparable. Activists who chose legal avenues remained loyal to their baseline agenda, whereas activists who chose to collaborate with the medical establishment made greater ideological compromises. I suggest that this is because unlike medical advocacy, legal activists make arguments based on justice and social values. Furthermore, this Article argues that the legal sphere serves a critical function to challenge professional norms be- cause it supports political change in an allegedly apolitical arena.
    [Show full text]
  • 52Nd Ostrava Golden Spike
    52nd Ostrava Golden Spike Ostrava, 26 - 27 June 2013 RESULT LIST 800 Metres Women (National Meeting) RESULT NAME COUNTRY DATE VENUE WR 1:53.28 Jarmila Kratochvílová TCH 26 Jul 1983 München WL 1:56.72 Francine Niyonsaba BDI 1 Jun 2013 Eugene, OR A TEMPERATURE 19.0°C HUMIDITY 54.7% 27 June 2013 15:00 PLACE BIB NAME COUNTRY DATE of BIRTH LANE RESULT 1 77 Karolina Pólrola POL 4 Apr 89 4 2:09.48 2 82 Radka Stružková USKPR 13 Apr 89 6 2:10.29 PB 3 87 Radka Hanzlová JICIN 18 Mar 94 1 2:11.03 PB 4 85 Olga Půčková AKOLY 7 Sep 94 8 2:12.78 5 80 Natálie Kolajová AKHOD 2 May 97 5 2:12.99 6 83 Michaela Drábková NMMET 17 Jun 92 3 2:13.60 7 84 Eliška Kutrová AKOLY 4 Aug 93 7 2:24.73 88 Klára Kováříková SKPLZ 12 Feb 97 2 DNP INTERMEDIATE TIMES 400m 77 Pólrola Karolina (POL) 1:03.67 600m 77 Pólrola Karolina (POL) 1:36.30 ALL-TIME TOP LIST 2013 TOP LIST RESULT NAME VENUE DATE RESULT NAME VENUE DATE 1:53.28 Jarmila Kratochvílová München 26 Jul 1983 1:56.72 Francine Niyonsaba Eugene, OR 1 Jun 1:53.43 Nadezhda Olizarenko Moskva 27 Jul 1980 1:58.18 Brenda Martinez Eugene, OR 1 Jun 1:54.01 Pamela Jelimo Zürich 29 Aug 2008 1:58.67 Alysia Johnson Montano Des Moines, IA 23 Jun 1:54.44 Ana Fidelia Quirot Barcelona 9 Sep 1989 1:58.71 Janeth Jepkosgei Busienei Eugene, OR 1 Jun 1:54.81 Olga Mineyeva Moskva 27 Jul 1980 1:58.75 Mariya Savinova Yerino 2 Jun 1:54.94 Tatyana Kazankina Montréal 26 Jul 1976 1:59.20 Abeba Aregawi Hengelo 8 Jun 1:55.05 Doina Melinte Bucuresti 1 Aug 1982 1:59.21 Yekaterina Kupina Yerino 2 Jun 1:55.19 Maria de Lurdes Mutola Zürich 17 Aug 1994
    [Show full text]
  • Your Beautiful Child Trifold Brochure
    Explaining your Child’s Variation to Personal Consultation Your Beautiful Child: Friends and Family If you would like to speak with someone over the phone, It may be diffcult to assign a baby male or female if and/or be connected with other parents of children with their genitals look in between, or they have ovotestis, your child’s variation, or adults who share your child’s Information for Parents a combination of ovarian and testicular tissue. In these variation, please do not hesitate to email us at: cases, you may need to disclose their variation to [email protected] friends and family. Below are some tips for doing so. 1. You can use statements such as: Resources “Our baby/name has CAH” (or AIS, or KIinefelter’s, etc.). This is how people usually talk about specifc Websites differences, and it avoids using labels that sound An extensive list of links to intersex organizations, negative, such as “DSD”/ “Disorders of Sex information, and updates is available on OII-USA’s Development”, the current medical label for website: http://oii-usa.org intersex differences. 2. Question: But is your baby a boy or a girl? Books Golden Boy: A Novel. Abigail Tarttellin Answer: My/our baby has a mix of traits that are Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived considered male and female. Right now we’re Experience. Katrina Karkazis deciding which sex to raise him or her, based Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Congratulations on the Birth on all the facts. Construction of Sexuality. Anne Fausto-Sterling Intersex and Identity: The Contested Self.
    [Show full text]