Tineidae I Microlepidoptera of

Edited by

M. Nuß (Senckenberg Museum of Zoology, Dresden) O. Karsholt (Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen) P. Huemer (Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsgesellschaft m.b.H., Innsbruck)

volume 7

The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/mle I

(Dryadaulinae, Hapsiferinae, Euplocaminae, Scardiinae, and )

By Reinhard Gaedike

LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: anthracinalis (Scopoli, 1763), , Buch, 8.iv.2007, leg. et photograph P. Lichtmannecker.

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This book is printed on acid-free paper. Dedicated to my wife Hannelore and in memory of Günther Petersen (1924 – 2012)

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Contents

Acknowledgements IX Abstract xi Introduction XII Material and Methods xii The Body Structure of the xii Systematics of the Tineoidea and their Groups xvii Collection and Preparation Techniques xxiii Abbreviations xxvi

1 Key to the European subfamilies of Tineidae 1 2 Check-list of European and Macaronesian Dryadaulinae, Hapsiferinae, Euplocaminae, Scardiinae, Nemapogoninae and Meessiinae 3 3 Systematic Treatment of the Genera and of European Tineidae 10 Dryadaulinae 10 Hapsiferinae 18 Euplocaminae 23 Scardiinae 25 Nemapogoninae 32 Meessiinae 78 4 Distribution Catalogue 165 5 Colour Plates 176 6 Drawings, Male Genitalia 191 7 Drawings, Female Genitalia 237

References 277 Index to Entomological Names 301 Index to Entomological Species-Group Names 303 Index to Plant and Other Hosts Names 307

Acknowledgements

First of all it is my desire to thank the late ); Christian Gibeaux (Avon, ); Günther Petersen (1924–2012), who was Stanislav Gomboc (Kranj, Slovenija); Laszlo my mentor, colleague and friend during Gozmány (†) (HNHM); K. Gregersen (Soro, my working time at the Deutsches Ento­ ) Theo Grünewald (Landshut, mologisches Institut (DEI), now part of Germany); Richard Heindel (Günzburg, the Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Natur­ Germany); Marcel Hellers (Bissen, forschung, and therefore abbreviated as Luxembourg); Peter Huemer (TLMF); SDEI. He initiated my interest in tineids, Tomasz Jaworski (Raszyn, ); Jan Å. supported my studies at all times and pro- Jonasson (Gothenburg, ); Jari vided generous access to his unpublished Junnilainen (Vantaa, ); Lauri Kaila results on tineid , distribution (FMNH); Tim Karisch (MNVD); Ole and biology, compiled on card files. Karsholt (ZMUC); Friedrich Kasy (†) I would like to express my special thanks (NMW); Rudolf Keller (Sulzemoos, to my colleagues at the DEI / SDEI. Holger Germany); András Kun (HNHM); Bernard Dathe, formerly director of the institute, Landry (Genève, ); Mojmir kindly agreed on a long-time loan of the Lasan (Ljubljana, Slovenija); Martin Lödl tineid collection after my retirement, (NMW); Wolfram Mey (ZMHB); Joel which served as base for the continuation Minet (MNHN); Timo Muus (Steenwijk, of my scientific work. The librarians Holger The Netherlands); Erik van Nieukerken Framke, Ute Kaczinski, Gabriele Mirschel (RMNH); Jacques Nel (La Ciotat, France); and Renate Riedelsheimer supplied me Eivind Palm (Højer, Denmark); Pietro with copies of scientific literature when- Passerin d’Entrèves (Torino, Italy); Lukasz ever needed. Last but not least, I thank Przybylowicz (ISZP); Emili Requena Christian Kutzscher for taking some colour (Igualada, ); Gaden S. Robinson (†) images of several taxa. (BMNH); Hartmut Roweck (Kiel, Ger­many); Without the help of many people it Willy Sauter (Illnau, Switzerland); Nikolajs would have been impossible to complete Savenkovs (Kiel, Germany); Willibald the present volume. I am grateful to all who Schmitz (Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany); supported me by the loan of material under Andreas Segerer (ZSM); Rudi Seliger their care or from their own collections, as (Schwalmtal, Germany); Sergej Sinjev well as by giving practical advice and help- (ZIN); Thomas Sobszyk, Bautzen, ful comments. These are Helen Alipanah Germany); Andreas Stübner (Peitz, (IRIPP); Ernst Arenberger (NMW); Joaquin Germany); Dieter Stüning (ZFMK); Jan Baixeras (Burjassot, Valencia, Spain); Šumpich (Česka Bela, ); Giorgio Baldizzone (Asti, Italy); Ian Barton Reinhard Sutter (Bitterfeld, Germany); (Stretham, United Kingdom); Bengt Å. Franz Theimer (Berlin, Germany); Zdeno Bengtsson (Färjestaden, Sweden); Erich Tokar (Sala, ); Paolo Triberti Bettag (Dudenhofen, Germany); Don R. (Verona, Italy); Robert Trusch (SMNK); Davis (USNM); Helmut Deutsch (Lienz, Kevin Tuck (BMNH); Harry van der Wolf x acknowledgements

(Nuenen, Belgium); Thierry Varenne (Nice, cover photo. The courtesy of Kevin Tuck France); Andreas Werno (Nunkirchen, (BMNH) enabled me to use some copy- Germany); Wolfgang Wittland (Wegberg- right images made with the permission Dalheim, Germany). of the Trustees of the Natural History My colleague, the late Gaden Robinson Museum, London. (1949–2009) at the BMNH, was in so many I thank Bernhard Oertel (Bonn, cases my “court of last resort” on taxonomic­ Germany) for his help with the authorship questions. Our correspondence and face- of the names. to-face encounter at the BMNH will never I would like to express my thank to be forgotten. the editors (Peter Huemer (Innsbruck, Special thanks to Igor Kostjuk (Kiev, Austria), Ole Karsholt (Copenhagen, ) for making the colour pictures of Denmark) and Matthias Nuss (Dresden, most of the adults and for the compilation Germany) for their intensive support of all images onto plates. Some images ­during preparation of the manuscript and were made by Giorgio Baldizzone (Asti, especially the invaluable discussions with Italy), Christian Kutzscher from SDEI Matthias Nuss (MTD). My special thank (Müncheberg, Germany), Tomasz Jaworski go to Martin Corley (Faringdon, U.K.) for (Roszyn, Poland). A special thank to Peter the linguistic revision and many useful Lichtmannecker (Adlkofen, Germany) for comments on the manuscript. My col- the permission to use some of his colour leagues Sergey Sinev and Zdenek Laštůvka images for the text figures and for the eventually reviewed the manuscript. Abstract

The first volume of Tineidae treats the N. similella Gaedike, 2007, syn. n. is syn- ­subfamilies Dryadaulinae, Hapsiferinae, onymised with N. sardicus Gaedike, 1983, Euplocaminae, Scardiinae, Nemapogoninae N. teberdellus Zagulajev, 1963, syn. n. and its and Meessiinae from Europe. A total of 180 misspelling N. teberdensis Zagulajev, 1964 species are diagnosed and figures of the as well as N. georgiellus Zagulajev, 1963, , male and female genitalia are given. syn. n. and its misspelling N. georgicus Information is added on the life history and Zagulajev, 1964 are synonymised with N. distribution of the species. The distribution lagodechiellus Zagulajev, 1962. Lichenotinea data are summarised in a table showing the maculata Petersen, 1957, syn. n. is syn- records for each European country. onymised with L. pustulatella (Zeller, 1852). The following nomenclatural innova- Novotinea ochripennella Nel & Varenne, 2011 tions are introduced: nevellus syn. n. is synonymised with Xystrologa gren- Zagulajev, 1963, syn. n. is synonymised with adella (Walsingham, 1897). N. cloacella (Haworth, 1828), N. wolffiella nedae Gaedike, 1983, comb. n. is transferred Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976, syn. n. is syn- to . onymised with N. koenigi Capuşe, 1967, Introduction

Material and Methods one square centimetre divided into four hundred squares of half a square millime- Sources for the studied material were tre. The magnification used is adapted to mainly European collections of museums the size of the genitalia. The most com- and private entomologists (see list of mon magnification is 160x (16x ocular and abbreviations and acknowledgments). 10x objective). For larger objects a magnifi- Beside literature cited, an important source cation of 100.8x (16x ocular and 6.3x objec- of information are the card files on the tax- tive) was used and for a few very large onomy, faunistics and biology of tineids, objects a magnification of 51.2x (16x ocular compiled by my predecessor Günther and 3.2x objective). An analogous net with Petersen, and continued by myself. These squares of 7.5 mm was drawn on paper to card files are now deposited at the SDEI have a scale for the drawing. (Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg/Germany). Since the late 1990s, bibliographical and faunistic The Body Structure information has also been stored in an of the Tineoidea electronic database. All records about distribution and biol- Robinson & Nielsen (1993) extensively ogy provided in this book are based on described the morphology of Tineidae. material studied by Petersen or me, of which Here is a summary of the main facts the identification has been verified by exam- adopted from this text. ination of genitalia whenever necessary. head. The head vestiture is often charac- Information from literature (with citation of teristic, consisting of erect piliform scales on the reference) is used only in cases in which occiput, vertex and frons. The scales tend to the determination was unquestionable or be grouped into tufts, and may form more or when it was previously checked by our own less conspicuous whorls. Visible ocelli and examination. The boundaries for the inclu- chaetosemata are absent. The head capsule sion of the species in this volume follow the is strongly marked with sutures or sulci, definition of the Fauna Europaea database, which are scale-free and membranous or with the exception that here the south-east- broad and clearly flexible. The compound ern boundary is the mountain ridge of eyes are unmodified, the facets of regular Caucasus Mountains. size. The eyes may be emarginate postero- Colour images of the moths were taken dorsally to accommodate the antennal base with a digital camera. For some taxa it was (e.g. some ). The mouthparts impossible to take images, because no are strongly developed, but reduction of specimens were available or the condition one or more of the component structures was too poor to photograph. occurs frequently. In some genera galeae and Drawings of the genitalia were made maxillary palpi are extremely reduced, in using a microscope with a net micrometer Clemens, 1862 these are absent. in the ocular. The net micrometer covers The ­reduction of maxillary palpi is strongly introduction xiii correlated with reduction of the galeae. smooth-scaled in most genera, but in The fully developed maxillary palp is five- Clemens, 1860, for example, elon- segmented and bears various sensillae. The gate dorsal scales form a sparse eye-cap. The galeae in most Tineidae are short, disasso- pedicel is always slightly larger than the ciated, not as strongly sclerotised as in basal flagellomeres, simple and barrel- other families. Reduction or shaped. The flagellomeres are cylindrical or loss of the galeae is commonplace. Galeae approximately barrel-shaped in almost all also bear sensillae. The labial palpi are genera. In some groups (for example always fully developed and invariably three- Herrich-Schäffer, 1853) ventrally segmented. The position in which the the flagellomeres are irregular in cross-­ labial palps are held is variable, for exam- section. The flagellomeres are conspicu- ple in some Hapsiferinae they are distinctly ously ciliated to finely pubescent. There is recurved, in some Meessiinae they are some sexual dimorphism visible, females drooping, in Euplocaminae the third seg- have fewer and shorter cilia than males and ment is directed upward. Second segment in some genera the antenna of males is bears coarse lateral bristles in most genera, thicker than the antenna of females. arranged in an irregular line, additionally SEM studies have shown, that cilia con- there may be a terminal whorl of bristles sist of a mixture of various sensillae. The from the upper outer surface. In some flagellomeres in most genera are com- genera the second segment may have a pletely covered by one or two annuli of ventral brush of scales. The antennae pro- overlapping scales. An exception is vide further characters. The scape is usually Morophaga in which the ventral surface of stout, in many genera an antennal pecten is the antennae is scale-free. The length of present, consisting of from two or three antennae varies both within and between to about thirty stout bristles. The scape is genera, from 0.3x the length (the pantropi- cal genus Harmaclona) to 1.1x the length of the forewing in Tenaga. antenna agellum pedicel Thorax. In most genera the legs are scape smooth-scaled, with the exception of the compound eye

Sa R1 R2 R3 R4 retinacullum R5 M1 pilifer labial palp M2 M3 CuA1 CuA2 1A + 2A CuP galea frenulum maxillary Sc + R1 palp Rs M1 M2 M3 1A + 2A CuP CuA1

Figure 2 Complete tineid wing venation Figure 1 Head (schematic) (according to (schematic) (according to Robinson & Nielsen, 1993) Robinson & Nielsen, 1993) xiv introduction hind tibiae which carry elongate suberect only proximally and distally. A1 and A2 scales on the upper surface. A foretibial typically form a broad basal loop but are epiphysis is present in most genera but fused for their distal two-thirds. A2 is weak may be absent as in, for example, Eudarcia. in many genera and may be obsolete, for The tibial spur pattern is invariably example in Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893. More 0 - 2 - 4. dramatic modifications to venation occur The wings vary in shape. Generally both in those genera with a hyaline forewing wings are subovate although the shape of spot, for example in Monopis Hübner, 1825 the anterior margin of the hindwing varies and in Crypsithyris Meyrick, 1908. As in the widely and may be concave in some gen- forewings, the hindwing venation is typi- era. The forewing apex may be produced cally complete, with all veins free. Sc + R1 and upturned, the termen is usually con- and Rs are separate and subparallel, stalk- vex. The forewing patterns varies widely, ing of M1 and M2 is common. The frenulo- whereas the hindwings bear no pattern retinacular wing-coupling varies consider- except in Euplocamus Latreille, 1809. ably. The female retinaculum consists of a There is considerable variation in the type few semi-erect scales on Cu. The male reti- of scale-cover of the forewing. Rough or naculum is typically an elongately triangu- raised scaling is frequently encountered. lar tongue with a rolled apex arising from The wing scales are relatively long and Sc, in Dryadaula and Eudarcia it is a very slender. They are frequently multi-layered broad and shallow lobe from Sc. The reti- with the upper layer consisting of rela- naculum is absent in Trichophaga Ragonot, tively long and slender scales with deeply 1894 and it is also lost in some Oriental dentate apical margins and the lower layer species of Walker, 1866. The male of shorter, broader and apically scalloped frenulum is a single bristle, the female or rounded scales. Typically, the wings frenulum typically consists of two or three have a full complement of free veins. In bristles. forewing, Sc is invariably present, branches Abdomen. The abdomen typically con- of R terminate anterior to or at the apex. sists of eight segments in the male and Stalking of pairs of R branches occurs in seven in the female before the genitalia. many genera; the commonest pairing is R4 The first sternum is lacking and the first + R5, but R3 + R4 is frequent also, for exam- tergum consists of a sclerotised frame ple in Morophaga. R2 appears always to be enclosing a trapezoidal membrane. T I is free. More complicated stalking sequences, usally fused with T II, at least medially. involving R3, R4, R5 and, in some cases, M1 Usually slender and elongate apodemes may be seen in several genera, notably arise from close to the anterior margin of Tenaga and nearly all Hieroxestinae. S II. Modifications of the hind segments Although all three M branches are usually are commonplace. Males of several gen- present. Stalking of M1 and M2, M2 and era have shallow coremata in the pleu- M3, and M3 and CuA1 is present in some ral membrane of the eighth segment. genera. Loss (or fusion) of either CuA1 or Complex reduction and modification of CuA2 occurs, for example in Eudarcia. CuP the terminal two segments occurs in males is present in all Tineidae but is tubular of Dryadaula. introduction xv

Male genitalia. The male genitalia line. Ventrally the vinculum forms a saccus exhibit great variety and provide a suite that may be shallow and triangular or of characters useful to the systematist elongate and rod-like. In the genera at lower rather than higher taxonomic lev- Zeller, 1839 and Infurcitinea els. Some genera, for example Monopis, Spuler, 1910 the saccus may be bilobed. The exhibit markedly conservative genital uncus of many Tineidae is a bilobed and structure. comparatively simple structure. The two The vinculum and tegumen are not dif- lobes are usually fused with the tegumen ferentiated in that they form a ring that is with, at most, a zone of flexion between. unbroken laterally. Dorsally the tegumen A hook-like uncus is found only in the is emarginate in many groups and may not and even here the bilobed origin form a closed ring across the dorsal mid- of the structure is clearly evident. A gna- thos is developed in many genera and lobi (= socii) takes a variety of forms. Typically it con- uncus sists of two arms, but medial fusion occurs tegumen in many groups. A subscaphium, when gnathos arms (fused) developed, is rarely more than a simple ribbon of sclerotisation but more complex vinculum rugose structures are developed in some

lobi (= socii) uncus

tegumen

gnathos arms saccus vinculum phallus

apodeme apodeme valva saccus valva anellus digitus

lobi (= socii)

juxta subscaphium gnathos arms phallus cornutus apodeme

Figure 3 Male genitalia. a) Rhodobates phallus (Hapsiferinae), b) Nemapogon anellus saccus (Nemapogoninae), c) Eudarcia (Meessiinae) xvi introduction

transtilla when valvae are spread. The papillae anales valva exhibits great variation. In the major- secondary apodemes ity of genera the valvae are ventral and move most readily in a dorsoventral plane. apophyses posteriores In such groups the valvae are partly fused ventrally or at least bridged by a modified juxta. The valval apodemes are invariably oviscapt elongate and robust. The phallus is typi- cally cylindrical. The microtrichia in the vesica are in some cases large enough to be qualified as minute thornlike cor- ostium nuti. Larger cornuti sometimes occur, for example, in species of the antrum pellionella-group. segment VIII Female genitalia. The oviscapt is typ- ically elongate and telescopic. The papillae ductus seminalis anales are typically soft and hardly ductus bursae melanised, they are laterodorsal, invari- ably setose, and are rounded apically. apophyses anteriores Set in the ventral membrane of the poste- rior half of the oviscapt is a pair of sclero- tised rods. These are peculiar to Tineoidea and have been described as apophyses by various authors. However they appear not to function as muscle attachments but as supports for the ventral membrane of the ovipore and possibly as egg-guides. corpus bursae They are apparently lost when the ovis- capt is reduced. The tergum of the eighth signum segment is often simple and shield-shaped with a row of six to ten stout setae at or close to the posterior margin. There is usually a longitudinal bar of sclerotisation at or close to tergal margin, referred to as dorsal rami. The rami extend anteri- Figure 4 Female genitalia (schematic) (adopted orly from the corners of the tergum to from Robinson & Nielsen, 1993) join the apophyses anteriores. In most groups they articulate with the apophyses, Eudarcia. Development of a transtilla is but in some they are strongly fused rare; references to such in the literature and form a “Y” when viewed laterally. often refer to the conspicuous valval The eighth sternum varies widely in shape apodemes that might be mistaken for a between groups. The ostium bursae is introduction xvii invariably sited within the eighth sternum eages, the “tineoid” lineage comprising and the shape of the sternum is to a great Tineidae, Eriocottidae, Acrolophidae and extent dictated by the size and position Psychidae and the “gracillarioid” lineage, of the ostium. The sternum is usually comprising Bucculatricidae, Gracillariidae emarginate posterior to the ostium so and Roesterstammiidae. that in a species with an anterior ostium Based on morphological data, Tineoidea, the sternum may be almost completely Simaethistoidea and all remaining divided longitudinally. The eighth sternum appeared in a polytomy until the late bears numerous sensillae and may addi- 1990s (Kristensen & Skalski, 1998). Later, tionally be microtrichiate. Large setae phylogenetic studies demonstrated that are frequently concentrated at the poste- Tineoidea are not monophyletic (Heikkilä & rior margin; in many Scardiinae these Kaila, 2010; Mutanen et al. 2010). This is large setae are confined to the apices of ­supported by the molecular based analysis a pair of processes at either side of of Sohn et al. (2013) who showed that the ostium; in many Nemapogoninae the Psychidae are the sistergroup to all remain- setae are reduced to a pair and occur at the ing Ditrysia, including Tineidae. Regier et al. apex of a medial process overlying the (2013) reconstructing lepidopteran phylog- ostium. The anterior corners of the eighth eny based on 19 genes found Eudarcia as sternum are extended anteriorly. At the api- ­sister to all remaining Ditrysia, and not ces of the extended corners are the invagi- belonging to Tineidae. Their result is based nations of the apophyses anteriores. The on the analysis of the type-species of anterior sternal corners may be strongly Eudarcia, E. simulatricella Clemens, 1860 sclerotised, the sclerotisation continuing from North America. Further study will be posteriorly along the lateral margins of ster- necessary to verify whether the genus with num or forming a “bridge” beneath the tip its currently included species is monophy- of the ostium (ventral rami). The ductus letic and sister to Psychidae + (Eriocottidae + bursae may be sclerotised for part of its (Tineidae + (remaining Ditrysia))). Their length. Sclerotisation extending along the results further suggest the monophyly of ductus as a continuation of that of the each of the subfamilies Acrolophinae, eighth sternum is referred to as the antrum, Perissomasticinae, Scardiinae and Tineinae,­ which is developed in many groups. The but not so Hieroxestinae, ­ corpus bursae is an ovate or pyrifom sac, in and Meessiinae. Reconstruction of the phy- some groups with one or more signa. logenetic relationships among tineid family groups still needs detailed study. The principal autapomorphy of the Systematics of the Tineoidea Tineoidea is the presence of a slender pair and their Family Groups of ventral pseudapophyses within abdom- inal segment 10 (additional to the anterior Before Robinson (1988), the Tineoidea and posterior apophyses) (Robinson, 1988; also included the groups now assigned to Davis & Robinson, 1998). The oviscapt is the Gracillarioidea. Robinson, using phy- conspicuously elongated and telescopic. logenetic methods, reconstructed two lin- Further characters for distinguishing xviii introduction

Tineoidea from most other ditrysian who arranged them according to the biol- Lepidoptera are (in most cases) the pres- ogy of the larvae, beginning with the myce- ence of a head brush (erect scales on the tophagous and lichenivorous groups and frons), labial palp with lateral bristles, and ending with the ceratophagous groups. haustellum with short, disassociated galeae (Dugdale, 1988, cited in Davis & Robinson, 1998). Dryadaulinae

Autapomorphies of Dryadaulinae are Tineidae (Davis & Robinson, 1998): Very small to medium-sized moths, fore- • transfrontal suture of head reflexed dor- wings 2.5 to more than 25 mm long. Many sally, inverted V-shaped; species can be recognised easily by: pro- • labial palp broadly spatulate, lacking boscis very short or even absent; hind tib- terminal bristles; iae with erect and elongate scales on upper • forewing venation with Sc displaced surface; adults resting with wings raised anteriorly, R arising close to base, A2 tent-like over the body with the body par- weak or absent; allel to substrate (see text-figures 5–7), and • hindwing with M3 or CuA2 absent, A3 moving with a characteristic scuttling run absent; (Davis & Robinson, 1998). • male retinaculum a broad and very Tineidae are separated into 16 subfami- shallow lobe arising from Sc; lies. Currently, about 450 genera are known • female frenulum a single bristle; with some 2500 described species • male frenular bristle sharply angled; (Robinson, 2009). Many (119) genera with • male with terminal abdominal segmen- 290 species are currently unassigned to tation strongly reduced and modified, any subfamily. Thirteen subfamilies are frequently asymmetrical, eighth seg- probably monophyletic, but, the relation- ment incorporated into genitalia ships between them are still unclear. which are strongly modified and Twelve subfamilies are known to occur asymmetrical; in Europe. Six of them, Dryadaulinae, • female with oviscapt strongly attenu- Hapsiferinae, Euplocaminae, Scardiinae, ated; apophyses anteriores rudimentary Nemapogoninae and Meessiinae are or absent. treated in this first volume of Tineidae, the second volume will cover the subfami­ Larvae live in silken tunnels or under lies Myrmecozelinae, Perissomasticinae, silken webs, feeding on lichens or fungi. Tineinae, Hieroxestinae, Teichobiinae and Zimmerman (1978, cited in Robinson, Stathmopolitinae. 2009) found larvae in a variety of plant The sequence of the tineid subfamilies material in Hawaii and suspected that they given in Microlepidoptera of Europe is fed on remains. More detailed subjective, following the sequence previ- information is available for D. heindeli and ously used by my colleague G. Petersen D. pactolia (see under these species). introduction xix

Dryadaulinae is represented in Europe subfamily contains 13 genera, mainly from by Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893 with eight spe- the Afrotropical region, three of these also cies only. The dryadauline Brachydoxa distributed in the Palaearctic region. In Meyrick, 1917 is restricted to the Oriental Europe known only from the two genera Region. According to Robinson & Nielsen Hapsifera and Rhodobates. (1993), the New Zealand genera Eschatotypa Meyrick, 1880, Eugennaea Meyrick 1915, and Sagephora Meyrick, 1888 Euplocaminae may also belong here. Autapomorphies of Euplocaminae are (Davis & Robinson, 1998): Hapsiferinae • male antennae bipectinate, pectina- Autapomorphies of Hapsiferinae are tions elongate and strongly ciliate; (Davis & Robinson, 1998): • labial palp lacking lateral bristles; • hindwings strongly patterned. • lamellate scales appressed more or less loosely to the head; Relationships to other subfamilies are • epicranial suture absent, scale-bases of unknown. Only one genus, Euplocamus vertex forming an unbroken field; Latreille, 1809, with 11 described species. • second segment of labial palp with All of them are restricted to the Palaearctic sparse lateral bristles; region, two of them occur in Europe. • male genitalia with valvae fused medi- ally at base, juxta forming a bridge between faces of valvae, transtilla Scardiinae mostly present; • in female eighth segment and oviscapt Autapomorphies of Scardiinae are (Davis elongated. & Robinson, 1998): Larvae feed externally or burrow in a • male genitalia invariably lacking webbed tunnel in soft substrates including gnathos; stems of Cycas and a wide range of dam- • larva with only two prothoracic L-group aged or decaying plant material including setae; coconut and banana, under bark of various • D1 setae more widely separated than D2 trees, on vegetable detritus including saw- setae on A1 to A8; dust used for cultivating mushrooms, and • L3 absent from A9; mandible with small are also recorded from mammal burrows. ventral tooth and six more distal teeth. Petersen (1987), after discussing the phylogenetic connections of the species of For a very detailed description of charac- the genus Rhodobates, included the genus ters of Scardiinae see Robinson (1986). in this subfamily. Robinson & Nielsen Larvae boring in bracket-fungi or in bark (1993) disagreed with this placement. The or wood permeated by fungal mycelia. xx introduction

The subfamily is distributed worldwide, Ten genera with approximately 100 spe- with greatest generic diversity in the cies are known. They are primarily holarc- Neotropics, and most speciose in Indo- tic in distribution, but the monotypic Australian region. Five genera with 19 species Vanna Robinson & S. Nielsen, 1993 is are known from Palaearctic region. In Europe Australian. There are seven genera with 48 there are three genera with five species. species in Europe.

Nemapogoninae Meessiinae

An exhaustive treatment of Nemapogo­ Up to now, there are no autapomorphies ninae was given by Zagulajev (1964), but known for Meessiinae and the group was without a formal definition of the mono- considered by Robinson & Nielsen (1993) phyly of the group. Petersen (1983) dis- unlikely to be monophyletic: “The cussed the phylogenetic relationships of Meessiinae appear to us to be definable the subfamily and recognised the follow- only as a group of tineid moths that can- ing autapomorphies of Nemapogoninae: not be placed in any other subfamily and are too small to be Myrmecozelinae.” • male genitalia with gnathos transverse The species are small, often with nar- and appressed to diaphragma with row wings. There is a distinct tendency membranous connection for most of towards reduction of both fore- and hind- his length; wing venation as well as in male genitalia • valvae with costa rolled inward and of uncus and gnathos, which can be invariably cleft longitudinally, dorsal lobe reduced or absent. often a flexible, hirsute digitate process; Larvae are lichenivorous. They feed • valvae fused or articulated at ventral externally from a case or within silken margins, juxta fused with inner surfaces tube galleries on lichens. Robinson (2009) of valvae and with anellus, forming discussed the hitherto known data about complex support for phallus; larval morphology. • female genitalia with ostium bursae in Meessiinae are worldwide in distribu- transverse fold of segment VIII; tion. Robinson (2009) listed 35 genera with • ventral lip of ostium with elongate setae; 248 species. Eudarcia and Infurcitinea have • ductus bursae narrow, with thorny the greatest number of species. In Europe internal ring close to junction with cor- there are 10 genera with 112 species. pus bursae.

Larvae boring in bracket fungi or in bark or Myrmecozelinae wood permeated by fungal mycelia, simi- lar to Scardiinae. Some species of No autapomorphies are recognised for Nemapogon Schrank, 1802 have become Myrmecozelinae. The group was considered pests of stored cereals and dried mush- to be polyphyletic, but might contain a rooms and distributed worldwide. monophyletic core defined by: introduction xxi • male genitalia with phallus strongly Perissomasticinae are known from the curved and basally boot-shaped; Old World tropics and subtropics, with the • anterior margin of vinculum recurved greatest diversity in the Afrotropical dorsad. (genus Perissomastix Warren & Rothschild, 1905) and Oriental regions (genus Edosa). Constituent species are generally large Altogether, there are five genera with and robust and cannot be included in about 250 species, of which two genera any other subfamily (Davis & Robinson, with three species occur in Europe. 1998). Larvae only rarely case-making, bur- rowing in loose vegetable detritus making Tineinae silken galleries, some soil-dwelling, some possibly wood-boring, brood-parasites Autapomorphies of Tineinae are (Davis & (and case-makers) in nests of ants, on Robinson, 1998): seeds and stored products, possibly associ- ated with arthropod remains, and in birds’ • male genitalia with uncus lobes fused nests, on legume seeds and mantis egg- and forming an articulated hook; cases, predators on mealy-bugs, in bark or • pupae with only anterior bands of aerial roots, in termite nests (Robinson, abdominal spines; larvae with bisetose 2009). Myrmecozelinae are classified into SV-group on meso- and metathorax, about 60 genera with approximately 300 stemmata reduced to a pair or none. species in all zoogeographical regions. Five genera with 26 species are known from Small or large moths, head with erect pili- Europe. form scales; venation complete in most taxa. Species of Monopini with a hyaline spot in forewing. Perissomasticinae Larvae feed externally from a case or silken tube or burrow in loose substrates, Autapomorphies of Perissomasticinae are on keratin or chitin (wool, feathers, arthro- (Davis & Robinson, 1998): pod remains, guano etc.), often in pres- ence of fungal hyphae, some species on • Forewings usually glossy and unicolor- decaying vegetable matter, on fungi or on ous, labial palps short; lichens. • male genitalia with gnathos absent, phal- There are 41 genera with about 350 spe- lus often articulating with vinculum; cies, of which 16 genera with 67 species • females with corethrogyne invariably occur in Europe. present on intersegmental membrane between segment VII and segment VIII. Hieroxestinae Larvae and larval biology unknown, but there are some indications that larvae live Autapomorphies of Hieroxestinae are in mammal burrows. (Davis & Robinson, 1998): xxii introduction • head wedge-shaped in lateral view, the There are three genera with 22 species, vestiture consisting of lamellate scales of which one genus with two species closely appressed to head, posterior occurs in Europe. scales of vertex and scales of occiput directed caudally; antennal scape elon- gated, without pecten, labial palp Stathmopolitinae strongly divergent; • females with single bobsleigh-shaped Autapomorphy of Stathmopolitinae is signum. (Davis & Robinson, 1998): Larvae feed externally, with some webbing • female eighth abdominal segment and tunnelling behaviour, on a wide range asymmetrical, with process on left side. of dead and decaying plant material or, rarely, grazing fungal mycelia in termitar- Larvae feed internally in goat droppings. ies or in birds’ nests; Wegneria Diakonoff, There is one genus with one species 1951 is reported to feed on guano, some endemic to the Canary Islands. species of Opogona Zeller, 1854 on Saint The following subfamilies are only Helena are case-makers feeding on lichen. known from outside the Palaearctic Region: There are 11 genera with about 290 spe- cies, of which three genera with six species occur in Europe. Harmacloninae

Autapomorphies of Harmacloninae are Teichobiinae (Davis & Robinson, 1998): Autapomorphies of Teichobiinae are • unique wing coupling system consist- (Davis & Robinson, 1998): ing of curled, rigid scales along ventral hindmargin of forewing interlocking • head with semi-appressed, forward- into straight, rigid scales along dorsal directed lamellate scales, frons subcostal area of hindwing; smoothly scaled, mouthparts reduced, • praetarsi lacking arolium and pseudem- antenna attenuated; podial seta; • male genitalia without gnathos, juxta • paired tympanal organs present on fused with inner faces of valvae; abdominal sternum II; • oviscapt of females with papillae anales • enlargement of sternal apophyses on sclerotised and pointed to form pierc- abdominal segment II; ing apex. • phallus with a basal, midventral keel. Early instar larvae are leaf-miners, later instars feed externally on fern sporangia The Harmacloninae are the only group of from a loose portable case. microlepidopterans (in restricted sence) introduction xxiii known to have developed tympanal Larvae are general scavengers, tunnel- organs. There are two genera with 22 spe- ling and webbing in plant detritus com- cies with Pantropic distribution, most prising leaves, flowers, fruits, galls, wood or diverse in the Old World, especially South bark, or, in very few cases, feed on living East Asia and Australia. leaf-tissue of fibrous plants such as Pandanus or pineapple; there are isolated records of the Australian genus Setomorphinae Meyrick, 1880 as predators on scale- . Erechthiinae are worldwide in dis- Autapomorphies of Setomorphinae are tribution. There are nine genera with 176 (Davis & Robinson, 1998): species (Robinson, 2009). • head with lamellate semi-appressed scales, head sutures fused; Siloscinae • males eighth sternite a narrow, reflexed, almost complete ring; Autapomorphies of Siloscinae are • male genitalia with diaphragma (Robinson, 2009): microtrichiate; • females with eighth segment membra- • forewing with large, conspicuous tufts nous and lacking rami from apophyses of erect spicular scales; anteriores; • male genitalia with articulated rod- • larvae with unidentate mandibles. shaped saccus. There are three genera with eight species Larvae and their biology are unknown. in the Neotropical region. There are three genera with 20 species, all occurring in the Afrotropical region.

Erechthiinae Collection and preparation Autapomorphies of Erechthiinae are techniques (Davis & Robinson, 1998): Most tineids may be collected successfully • male genitalia with juxta forming a at light using conventional techniques – deep pouch that displaces phallus either light traps or an illuminated sheet. dorsad; Collecting from an illuminated sheet has • male retinaculum distinctly broadened the advantage that specimens may be col- at base and comparatively shallow; lected alive and in good condition. • oviscapt lacking the ventral rods. The reaction of the tineids to different wavelengths of light is not uniform. The Many species have the forewing apex tineids that are caught at light vary quali- upturned. tatively with the position of that light. xxiv introduction

The larger and more robust taxa may be collected on open ridge-tops, smaller and more weakly-flighted genera, e.g. Monopis are more readily collected in sheltered sites among trees. Some tineids may be more easily col- lected by day, the appropriate techniques include sweep-netting and beating vegeta- tion, and the use of Malaise-traps. Good results are possible also by careful search- ing on the food substrates of the moths, for example fungi, lichens, pellets, nests of birds, mammals and hymenopterans. Tineids may be flushed from knotholes and hollows in trees, and from clefts in rocks (lichen-covered rock is productive of Meessiinae) and from scees by the use of a smoke-generator or bee-smoker. Baiting techniques for adult tineids are hardly developed, but there is a lot of information about attraction of tineid spe- cies to pheromones. A compilation of the published results are available in El-Sayed (2012). A great amount of information about tineid biology and the species stock can be gained by collecting the early stages and rearing them. Nemapogoninae and Scardiinae should be searched for in bracket-fungi and adjacent dead or dying wood. Indications of larval feeding are webbed accretions of fine frass above the larval feeding-tunnels. Lichen on trees or rocks should be searched for the tunnels or cases of Meessiinae. Ceratophagous Tineinae may be reared from weathered mammal corpses and carnivore faeces, pellets ejected by raptors, and the feather Figure 5–8 Resting position: 5) Nemapogon linings of abandoned bird nests. Another clematella (Nemapogoninae), possibility is the construction of artificial 6) Nemapogon nigralbella birds’ nests, which are placed in e.g. hol- (Nemapogoninae), 7) Infurcitinea low trees before the flight season of the albicomella (Meessiinae) (images made by P. Lichtmannecker) moths. Females may lay their eggs in these introduction xxv nests, which are then collected during the “Faure-mixture”, which is composed of next winter, and adults are bred out “gum arabicum”, chloralhydrate, glycerine indoors (Jensen, 1989). and distilled water. The edges of the cover The species can be collected also after glass had to be covered by Canada balsam collecting fungi, lichens, birds’ nests or to avoid destruction of the preparation by ­contents of mammals’ nests and after that penetration of air. bred out indoors. For more details on The arrangement of the genitalia on the ­collecting techniques see Robinson & microscope slide depends on the exam- Nielsen (1993). ined taxa. Mostly the male genitalia were Genitalia preparations were made arranged dorsoventrally. In most cases ­following the principles expounded by valvae were spread and phallus was Robinson (1976), but without staining. removed and placed beside the genitalia Permanent mounts were made in Euparal apparatus. In other cases, for example in following dehydration through an ethanol Nemapogoninae, it is easier to remove series. ­valvae together with phallus and put In the past, the preparations were made them beside the uncus-tegumen-complex. according to Petersen (1953). After macer- The male genitalia of Myrmecozelinae, ation in KOH and washing in water, the Perissomasticinae and Tineinae were object was transferred for one hour into a mounted laterally after removing one mixture of phenol-chloralhydrate for valva. The female genitalia were always cleaning. After that, the genitalia could mounted dorsoventrally. It is conventional still be manipulated and mounted in a to extrude the oviscapt fully. Abbreviations

BB Bengt Å. Bengtsson, Färjestaden, Sweden BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom CG Christian Gibeaux, Avon, France coll. Baldizzone Giorgio Baldizzone, Asti, Italy coll. Bengtsson Bengt Å. Bengtsson, Färjestaden, Sweden coll. Bettag Erich Bettag, Dudenhofen, Germany coll. Deutsch Helmut Deutsch, Lienz, Austria coll. Gibeaux Christian Gibeaux, Avon, France coll. Gomboc Stanislav Gomboc, Kranj, Slovenija coll. Grünewald Theo Grünewald, Landshut, Germany coll. Hellers Marcel Hellers, Bissen, Luxembourg coll. Jaworski Tomasz Jaworski, Raszyn, Poland coll. Jonasson Jan Å. Jonasson, Göteborg, Sweden coll. Junnilainen Jari Junnilainen, Vantaa, Finland coll. Keller Rudolf Keller, Sulzemoos, Germany coll. Lasan Mojmir Lasan, Ljubljana, Slovenija coll. Nel Jacques Nel, La Ciotat, France coll. Palm Eivind Palm, Højer, Denmark coll. Passerin d’Entrèves Pietro Passerin d’Entrèves, Torino, Italy coll. Richter Ivan Richter, Prievidza, Slovakia coll. Roweck Hartmut Roweck, Kiel, Germany coll. Sauter Willy Sauter, Illnau, Switzerland coll. Savenkovs Nikolajs Savenkovs, Latvia coll. Schmitz Willibald Schmitz, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany coll. Seliger Rudi Seliger, Schwalmtal, Germany coll. Stübner Andreas Stübner, Peitz, Germany coll. Šumpich Jan Šumpich, Česka Bela, Czech Republic coll. Theimer Franz Theimer, Berlin, Germany coll. Tokar Zdeno Tokar, Sala, Slovakia coll. Triberti Paolo Triberti, Verona, Italy coll. van der Wolf Harry van der Wolf, Nuenen, Belgium coll. Varenne Thierry Varenne, Nice, France coll. Werno Andreas Werno, Nunkirchen, Germany coll. Wittland Wolfgang Wittland, Wegberg-Dalheim, Germany ER Emili Requena, Igualada, Spain FMNH Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland GB Giorgio Baldizzone, Asti, Italy GD Georg Derra, Reckendorf, Germany GP Günther Petersen (†) abbreviations xxvii

HNHM Hungarian National History Museum, Budapest, IRIPP Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Teheran, Iran ISZP Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Systematic Zoology, Krakow, Poland JÅJ Jan Å. Jonasson, Göteborg, Sweden JN Jacques Nel, La Ciotat, France LG Laszlo Gozmány (†) MFSN Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, Udine, Italy MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France MNVD Museum für Naturkunde und Vorgeschichte, Dessau, Germany NMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria RG Reinhard Gaedike, Bonn, Germany RH Richard Heindel, Günzburg, Germany RMNH Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum (“Naturalis”), Leiden, The Netherlands RS Reinhard Sutter, Bitterfeld, Germany SDEI Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany SMNK Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Karlsruhe, Germany TLMF Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria USNM National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA WS Willy Sauter, Illnau, Switzerland ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany ZIN Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (Sergej Sinjev), St. Peterburg, ZMHB Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany ZMUC Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich, Germany

chapter � Key to the European subfamilies of Tineidae

1. Male segment VIII fused with – Head without head brush, scales tegumen and vinculum, valvae more or less appressed...... 11 extremely asymmetrical ...... 7. Small-sized specimens, wingspan Dryadaulinae (p. 10) mostly not more than 15 mm. . . .8 – Male segment VIII separated from – Larger sized specimens...... 9 tegumen and vinculum...... 2 8. Specimens small, not more than 2. Valvae fused medially at base, juxta 15 mm, often with narrow wings, forming a bridge between faces of in male genitalia a distinct tendency valvae ...... Hapsiferinae (p. 18) to reduction of uncus and gnathos; – No bridge between faces of valvae anellus often very complicated, ...... 3 fused with phallus...... 3. Male antenna bipectinate, valva two- Meessiinae (p. 78) folded, uncus bilobate, gnathos arms – Specimens somewhat larger, in male fused medially...... genitalia uncus, tegumen and vinculum Euplocaminae (p. 23) fused into a ring, phallus nearly – Male antenna not bipectinate. . . 4 invisible, endemic to Canary Islands 4. Valva with costa rolled inward, Stathmopolitinae (MLE Tineidae II, dorsal lobe often a flexible, hirsute in prep.) digitate process...... 9. Forewings usually glossy and Nemapogoninae (p.32) unicolorous, male genitalia without – Valva without inward rolled gnathos, phallus often articulating costa...... 5 with vinculum...... 5. Male genitalia with phallus strongly Perissomasticinae (MLE Tineidae II, curved, basally boot-shaped, female in prep.) genitalia with bilobed apical margin – Forewings mostly with pattern. . .10 of segment VIII, signum rod-shaped, 10. Male genitalia with uncus lobes large sized specimens (more than fused and forming an articulated 20 mm)...... Myrmecozelinae hook ...... (MLE Tineidae II, in prep.) Tineinae (MLE Tineidae II, in prep.) – Phallus not strongly curved, female – Male genitalia without gnathos, genitalia without rod-shaped uncus lobes not fused, almost large signum...... 6 species ...... Scardiinae (p. 25) 6. Head with erect scales, forming a 11. Head wedge-shaped in lateral view, head brush...... 7 the vestiture consisting of lamellate

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scales closely appressed to head, – Head with semi-appressed, forward- posterior scales of vertex and scales directed lamellate scales, frons of occiput directed caudally. . . . . smoothly scaled, mouthparts Hieroxestinae (MLE Tineidae II, in reduced...... Teichobiinae prep.) (MLE Tineidae II, in prep.) chapter 2 Check-list of European and Macaronesian Dryadaulinae, Hapsiferinae, Euplocaminae, Scardiinae, Nemapogoninae and Meessiinae

Dryadaulinae Bradley, 1966 cyrenaicensis Turati, 1924 albicapilla Turati, 1926 Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893 badiaria Turati, 1934 Cyane Chambers, 1873 (homonym) pustulatella (Lucas, 1942) (homonym) Chorocosma Meyrick, 1893 kerbelella Amsel, 1949 Ditrigonophora Walsingham, 1897 asiatica Amsel, 1949 Choropleca Durrant, 1914 susaella Amsel, 1959 (subspecies) Opsodoca Meyrick, 1919 Diachalastis Meyrick, 1920 Rhodobates Ragonot, 1895 Thermocrates Meyrick, 1936 Paraplutella Rebel, 1901 Archimeessia Zagulajev, 1970 Chliarostoma Meyrick, 1913 Strophalinga Gozmány & Vari, 1973 Tineodoxa Amsel, 1955 Reinhardia Sachkov, 1995 10. unicolor (Staudinger, 1871) Slitereia Sachkov, 1995 tibulella (Rebel, 1936) 1. caucasica (Zagulajev, 1970) 11. friedeli Petersen, 1987 2. zinica (Zagulajev, 1970) 12. canariensis Petersen & Gaedike, 1979 3. irinae (Savenkov, 1989) 13. pinkeri Petersen, 1987 4. minuta Gaedike, 2007 gomerae Petersen, 1987 (subspecies) 5. heindeli Gaedike & Scholz, 1998 6. pactolia Meyrick, 1901 Euplocaminae Börner, 1939 7. hellenica (Gaedike, 1988) 8. nedae (Gaedike, 1983), comb. n. Euplocamus Latreille, 1809 nedae Baldizzone, 1983 (homonym) Trichocheilia Hübner, 1822 Epichysia Hübner, 1825 Hapsiferinae Zagulajev, 1968 Nycterina Meigen, 1832 Trichocheila Bradley, 1966. Hapsifera Zeller, 1847 14. anthracinalis (Scopoli, 1763) Euplocera Ragonot, 1895 fuesslinella (Sulzer, 1776) Pseudohapsifera Amsel, 1935 guttella (Fabricius, 1781) 9. luridella Zeller, 1847 anthracina Borkhausen, 1793 eburnea Butler, 1881 (emendation) palaestinensis Rebel, 1901 fuesslinaria Esper, 1794 (emendation) torulosa Turati, 1919 anthracinella (Denis & baliopsamma Meyrick, 1921 Schiffermüller, 1775) (emendation)

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anthracina Meigen, 1832: 263 22. marsica Petersen, 1984 (emendation) 23. parasitella (Hübner, 1796) monetellus Lederer, 1864 n. inv. nigritella Schawerda, 1911 n. inv. Zagulajev, 1962 15. ophisa (Cramer, 1779) 24. yildizae Koçak, 1981 aurantiella (Frivaldszky, 1835) (invalid laterella (Thunberg, 1794) (homonym) description) picarella (Hübner, 1796) (homonym) arcuatella (Stainton, 1854) (homonym) Scardiinae Eyer, 1924 Zagulajev, 1964 Montescardia Amsel, 1952 25. betulinella (Paykull, 1785) 16. tessulatellus (Zeller, 1846) betulinella (Fabricius, 1787) (homonym) Scardia Treitschke, 1830 concinnella (Hübner, 1836) Agarica Sodoffsky, 1837 corticella (Curtis, 1834) (homonym) Grote, 1881 emortuella (Zeller, 1839) Duomitella Koshantschikov, 1923 17. boletella (Fabricius, 1794) Nemapogon Schrank, 1802 boleti (Fabricius, 1798) (emendation) Brosis Hübner, 1822, nec Billberg, 1820 polypori (Esper, 1804) (unnecessary Diaphtirusa Hübner, 1825 objective replacement name for Phycis Anemapogon Zagulajev, 1962 boleti (cited as Tinea boleti Fabricius, Paranemapogon Zagulajev, 1962 1798) which is an unjustified emenda- Longiductus Zagulajev, 1962 tion of Tinea boletella Fabricius, 1794) Petalographis Zagulajev, 1962 relicta (Koshantschikov, 1923) 26. nevadella (Caradja, 1920) 27. inconditella (Lucas, 1956) Morophaga Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 buckwelli (Lucas, 1956) Atabyria Snellen, 1884 heydeni Petersen, 1957 Osphretica Meyrick, 1910 thomasi Capuşe, 1975 Microscardia Amsel, 1952 28. agenjoi Petersen, 1959 18. morellus (Duponchel, 1838) hispanellus Gozmany, 1960 fungicolella Dumont, 1930 n. inv. 29. palmella (Chrétien, 1908) 19. choragella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) oueddarella Amsel, 1952 boleti (Fabricius, 1777) 30. reisseri Petersen & Gaedike, 1983 fungella (Thunberg, 1794) 31. gravosaella Petersen, 1957 mediella (Hübner, 1796) borshomi Zagulajev, 1964 32. arenbergeri Gaedike, 1986 Nemapogoninae Hinton, 1955 33. anatolica Gaedike, 1986 34. arcosuensis Gaedike, 2007 Zagulajev, 1959 35. cyprica Gaedike, 1986 20. fulvimitrella (Sodoffsky, 1830) 36. hungaricus Gozmány, 1960 21. baldensis Petersen, 1983 pliginskii Zagulajev, 1963 Check-list of European and Macaronesian Dryadaulinae 5

37. fungivorella (Benander, 1939) 51. gerasimovi Zagulajev, 1961 38. cloacella (Haworth, 1828) 52. scutifera Gaedike, 2007 infimella Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 53. granella (Linnaeus, 1758) nevellus Zagulajev, 1963, syn. n. fenestrella (Scopoli, 1763) (homonym) 39. koenigi Capuşe, 1967 domesticella (Scopoli, 1763) albipunctella Haworth, 1828 nebulosella (Geoffroy, 1785) (homonym) tesserella (Fabricius, 1794) wolffiella Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976, syn. n. costotristrigella (Chambers, 1873) 40. scholzi Sutter, 2000 fuscomaculella (Chambers, 1873) 41. picarella (Clerck, 1759) marmorella (Chambers, 1875) rigaella (Sodoffsky, 1830) mancuniella (Hodgkinson, 1880) acerella (Treitschke, 1832) nigroatomella (Dietz, 1905) riganella (Zeller, 1839) (misspelling) nigra (Dufrane, 1955) n. inv. 42. nigralbella (Zeller, 1839) fuscicomella (Wörz, 1958) 43. gliriella (Heyden, 1865) 54. variatella (Clemens, 1859) cachetiellus (Zagulajev, 1963) personella (Pierce & Metcalfe, 1934) cacheticus (Zagulajev, 1964) secalella (Zacher, 1938) (misspelling) infimella (Corbet, 1943) (homonym) ibericus (Zagulajev, 1968) 55. somchetiella Zagulajev, 1961 44. sardicus Gaedike, 1983 56. levantinus Petersen, 1961 similella Gaedike, 2007, syn. n. 57. caucasicus (Zagulajev, 1964) 45. hispanica Petersen & Gaedike, 1992 58. meridionella (Zagulajev, 1962) 46. signatellus Petersen, 1957 meridionalis (Zagulajev, 1964) gravosaellus Gozmány, 1960, nec (misspelling) Petersen, 1957 (misidentification) 59. orientalis Petersen, 1961 47. quercicolella (Zeller, 1852) 60. falstriella (Haas, 1881) quercicolella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) 61. alticolella Zagulajev, 1961 [doubtful (homonym) taxon] 48. ruricolella (Stainton, 1859) 62. fuscalbella (Chrétien, 1908) [doubtful cochylidella (Stainton, 1854) taxon] 49. clematella (Fabricius, 1781) repandella (Hübner, 1799) Zagulajev, 1964 clematea (Haworth, 1828) 63. caprimulgella (Stainton, 1851) (emendation) arcella auct., nec Fabricius, 1776 Gaedikeia Sutter, 1998 (misidentification) 64. kokkariensis Sutter, 1998 50. lagodechiellus Zagulajev, 1962 teberdellus (Zagulajev, 1963), syn. n. Neurothaumasia LeMarchand, 1934 georgiellus (Zagulajev, 1963), syn. n. Gallura Amsel, 1952 teberdensis (Zagulajev, 1964) 65. ankerella (Mann, 1867) (misspelling) geratocoma (Walsingham, 1907) georgicus (Zagulajev, 1964) (misspelling) nigratella (Chrétien, 1917) n. inv. 6 chapter 2

burdigalensis LeMarchand, 1934 Zagulyaevella Koçak, 1981 tirsella (Amsel, 1952) Pseudobesoceras Gaedike, 1985 66. ragusaella (Wocke, 1889) 72. pagenstecherella (Hübner, 1825) purella (Chrétien, 1907) vinctella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850) bifasciatella (Turati, 1924) vinculella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850) roeweri (Amsel, 1939) (not binominal) africana Gozmány, 1960 vinculella (Zeller, 1852) 67. macedonica Petersen, 1962 vinctella (Zeller, 1852) (synonym) inornata Petersen, 1966 vinculella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) 68. tenuipennella Gaedike, 2011 (homonym) pachyceras (Walsingham, 1900) Meessiinae Capuşe, 1966 73. herculanella (Capuşe, 1966) 74. leopoldella (Costa, 1832) Tenaga Clemens, 1862 oberthurella Millière, 1879 Macraeola Meyrick, 1893 klimeschi Amsel, 1954 Lichenovora Petersen, 1957 apenninica Parenti, 1964 (synonym) 69. nigripunctella (Haworth, 1828) emiliana Parenti, 1964 (synonym) pomiliella Clemens, 1862 75. daghestanica (Zagulajev, 1993) moeniella (Rössler, 1877) 76. richardsoni (Walsingham, 1900) linobola (Meyrick, 1893) 77. vacriensis (Parenti, 1964) sesquitertia (Meyrick, 1909) 78. nigraella (Mariani, 1937) 70. rhenania (Petersen, 1962) nigrella (Hartig, 1939) (misspelling) nigripunctella Petersen, 1957, nec 79. nerviella (Amsel, 1954) Haworth, 1828 (misidentification) 80. mensella (Walsingham, 1900) 81. palanfreella Baldizzone & Gaedike, Matratinea Sziraki, 1990 2004 71. rufulicaput Sziraki & Szöcs, 1990 82. brachyptera (Passerin d'Entrèves, 1974) Eudarcia Clemens, 1860 83. gallica (Petersen, 1962) Demobrotis Meyrick, 1893 84. alberti (Amsel, 1957) Meessia Hofmann, 1898 85. hellenica Gaedike, 2007 Leptochersa Meyrick, 1919 86. atlantica Henderickx, 1995 Protodarcia Forbes, 1931 87. sardoa (Passerin d'Entrèves, 1978) Obesoceras Petersen, 1957 88. melitensis Gaedike & Zerafa, 2010 Neomeessia Petersen, 1968 89. hedemanni (Rebel, 1899) Brachys Zagulajev, 1979 (homonym) 90. graecum (Gaedike, 1985) Nigris Zagulajev, 1979 91. derrai (Gaedike, 1983) Gallis Zagulajev, 1979 92. dalmaticum (Gaedike, 1988) Colchiromis Zagulajev, 1979 93. fibigeri Gaedike, 1997 Abchagleris Zagulajev, 1979 94. moreae (Petersen & Gaedike, 1983) Haugresis Zagulajev, 1979 95. balcanicum (Gaedike, 1988) Check-list of European and Macaronesian Dryadaulinae 7

96. echinatum (Petersen & Gaedike, Pseudorumelis Sachkov, 1995 1985) 111. nigropluviella (Walsingham, 1907) 97. forsteri (Petersen, 1964) maraschensis Petersen, 1968 98. granulatella (Zeller, 1852) 112. rumelicella (Rebel, 1903) granulatella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) 113. sardica (Amsel, 1952) (not binominal) baldizzonei Gaedike, 1983 granulatella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) 114. graeca Gaedike, 1983 (homonym) graeca Petersen & Gaedike, 1983 99. confusella (Heydenreich, 1851) (homonym) confusella (Zeller, 1852) (homonym) 115. rebeliella (Krone, 1907) confusella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) 116. tauridella Petersen, 1968 (homonym) juliae Sachkov, 1995 danubiellum (Petersen, 1959) 117. banatica Petersen, 1961 nigrescens (Jäckh, 1959) confusella Petersen, 1957 orientale (Capuşe, 1966) (subspecies) (misidentifiaction) (synonym) 118. litochorella Petersen, 1964 100. kasyi (Petersen, 1971) 119. captans Gozmány, 1960 holtzi Petersen, 1968, nec Rebel, 1902 confusella (Pierce & Metcalfe, 1935) (misidentification) (misidentification) 101. romanum (Petersen, 1958) 120. kasyi Petersen, 1962 102. aureliani (Capuşe, 1967) 121. albanica Petersen, 1963 103. croaticum (Petersen, 1962) 122. roesslerella (Heyden, 1865) 104. holtzi (Rebel, 1902) alpicella Petersen, 1962 libanoticum (Petersen, 1968) 123. tribertii Gaedike, 1983 105. glaseri (Petersen, 1967) tribertii Baldizzone, 1983 (homonym) abchasicum (Zagulajev, 1979) 124. gaedikei Baldizzone, 1984 106. armatum (Gaedike, 1985) 125. ignicomella (Heydenreich, 1851) 107. montanum (Gaedike, 1985) ignicomella (Zeller, 1852) (homonym) 108. sutteri Gaedike, 1997 flavicapilla (Zeller, 1852) 109. verkerki Gaedike & Henderickx, 1999 ignicomella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) 110. lobata (Petersen & Gaedike, 1979) (homonym) 126. corleyi Gaedike, 2011 Infurcitinea Spuler, 1910 127. belviella Gaedike, 1980 Omichlospora Meyrick, 1928 128. piozi Varenne & Nel, 2009 Tineiforma Amsel, 1952 129. corsica Gaedike, 2010 Atinea Amsel, 1954 130. albulella (Rebel, 1935) Microtinea Amsel, 1954 131. sardiniella Vári, 1942 Gozmanytinea Capuşe, 1966 132. minuscula Gozmány, 1960 Finalis Zagulajev, 1979 133. klimeschi Passerin d’Entrèves, 1974 Atris Zagulajev, 1979 134. parentii Petersen, 1964 Rumelis Zagulajev, 1979 135. siciliana Petersen, 1964 8 chapter 2

136. marcunella (Rebel, 1901) Lichenotinea Petersen, 1957 137. frustigerella (Walsingham, 1907) 166. pustulatella (Zeller, 1852) absconditella (Chrétien, 1915) igaloensis Amsel, 1951 138. italica (Amsel, 1954) maculata Petersen, 1957, syn. n. 139. cyprica Petersen & Gaedike, 1985 140. taurus Gaedike, 1988 Ischnoscia Meyrick, 1895 141. turcica Petersen, 1968 Guenea Millière, 1874 142. hellenica Gaedike, 1997 167. borreonella (Millière, 1874) 143. atrifasciella (Staudinger, 1871) subtilella (Fuchs, 1879) diasi Amsel, 1957 pandorella (Millière, 1881) zernyi Zagulajev, 1974 144. teriolella (Amsel, 1954) Novotinea Amsel, 1939 145. yildizae Koçak, 1981 168. muricolella (Fuchs, 1879) sexguttella (Mann, 1873) (homonym) 169. liguriella Amsel, 1950 146. walsinghami Petersen, 1962 apicipunctella (Deschka & Huemer, 147. gaedikella Nel, 2003 1997) 148. vartianae Petersen, 1962 170. klimeschi (Rebel, 1940) 149. peterseni Baldizzone, 1984 171. mistrettae Parenti, 1966 150. reisseri Petersen, 1968 172. carbonifera (Walsingham, 1900) 151. iberica Gaedike, 2010 aritzoella Amsel, 1939 152. karadaghica Zagulajev, 1979 173. albarracinella Petersen, 1967 153. albicomella (Stainton, 1851) 174. andalusiella Petersen, 1964 albicapilla (Zeller, 1852) albicomella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) Dietz, 1905 (homonym) Celestica Meyrick, 1917 luridella Jäckh, 1959 175. cyaneimarmorella (Millière, raetica Zagulajev, 1974 1854) 154. lakoniae Gaedike, 1983 angustipennis (Herrich-Schäffer, laconiae Petersen & Gaedike, 1983 1854) (misspelling) angustipennis (Staudinger, 1871) 155. vanderwolfi Gaedike, 1997 (homonym) 156. arenbergeri Gaedike, 1988 157. olympica Petersen, 1958 Karsholtia Gaedike, 1986 158. romanica Capuşe, 1966 176. marianii (Rebel, 1936) 159. ochridella Petersen, 1962 lunatella (Benander, 1939) 160. parnassiella Gaedike, 1987 161. finalis Gozmány, 1959 Agnathosia Amsel, 1954 162. argentimaculella (Stainton, 1849) 177. mendicella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 163. monteiroi Amsel, 1957 1775) 164. karsholti Gaedike, 1992 mendicella (Hübner, 1796) 165. toechophila (Walsingham, 1908) propulsatella (Rebel, 1892) Check-list of European and Macaronesian Dryadaulinae 9

flavimaculella (Toll, 1942) 179. grenadella (Walsingham, 1897) austriacella Amsel, 1954 antipathetica (Forbes, 1931) 178. sandoeensis Jonasson, 1977 ochripennella Nel & Varenne, 2011, syn. n. Xystrologa Meyrick 1919 Achanodes Meyrick, 1922 Addition. Syrrhoaula Meyrick, 1932 180. Novotinea reinhardella Nel, 2014 chapter 3 Systematic Treatment of the Genera and Species of the European Tineidae

Dryadaulinae

Dryadaulinae Bradley, 1966: 218. Type species: Archimeessia zinica Type genus: Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893. Zagulajev, 1970: 661. Strophalinga Gozmány & Vári, 1973: 9. Type species: Tinea glycinoma Meyrick, Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893 1932. Reinhardia Sachkov, 1995: 73. Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893: 559. Type species: Archimeessia hellenica Type species: Dryadaula glycinopa Gaedike, 1988. Meyrick, 1893. Slitereia Sachkov, 1995: 73. Cyane Chambers, 1873: 112. Type species: Archimeessia irinae Type species: Cyane visaliella Chambers, Savenkov, 1989. 1873. Nom. praeocc. by Cyane Felder, 1861. description. Head with erect, piliform Chorocosma Meyrick, 1893: 560. scales on vertex. Labial palp slightly Type species: Chorocosma melanorma recurved, divergent, apical segment Meyrick, 1893. strongly spatulate, no apical bristles on Ditrigonophora Walsingham, 1897: 117. second segment. Anntena completely cov- Type species: Ditrigonophora mar- ered by scales. Forewing with complete moreipennis Walsingham, 1897. venation, without hyaline or subhyaline Choropleca Durrant, 1914: 366. Objective spot in cell, veins forming cell margin replacement name for Cyane Chambers, unmodified; wing pattern superficially 1873. sometimes resembling Archinemapogon Opsodoca Meyrick, 1919: 270. spp. Type species: Opsodoca metrodoxa Male genitalia. Abdominal segment Meyrick, 1919. VIII fused with tegumen and vinculum, Diachalastis Meyrick, 1920: 363. vinculum and tegumen fused; uncus often Type species: Diachalistis tetraglossa a pair of narrow, elongate lobes; valva Meyrick, 1920. extremely asymmetrical, the right valva Thermocrates Meyrick, 1936: 620. partly fused with phallus; phallus often Type species: Thermocrates epichista pyriform, with pointed apex. Meyrick, 1936. Female genitalia. Sternite VIII often Archimeessia Zagulajev, 1970: 658. consisting of a pair of shallow lateral lobes

© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���� | doi ��.����/9789004289161_��4 Systematic treatment of the genera and species 11 and a broader transverse hirsute lobe form- their morphology and identity of the ing the ventral lip of the ostium; oviscapt individual structures. Against this lack and apophyses posteriores extremely short, of knowledge, it seems to be unjusti- except D. hellenica and D. nedae; apophyses fied and too early to divide the genus into anteriores absent or rudimentary. subgenera based solely on Palaearctic distribution. Dryadaula contains 36 members, as was done by Sachkov (1995). species, of which 18 species are restricted The European taxa of Dryadaula were to the Neotropical region, but the remain- reviewed and illustrated by Gaedike der distributed in all zoogeographical (2000). regions. 11 species are known from the Palaearctic region, eight of them occur in Europe. The distribution of all European 1 Dryadaula caucasica (Zagulajev, species is only known from very few 1970) records and therefore insufficiently known. Archimeessia caucasica Zagulajev, 1970: Bionomics. There are very few obser- 662, fig. 6. vations on the biology of Dryadaula spe- cies. The hitherto known facts were Description. Wingspan 12 mm. Head reviewed by Robinson (1988a; 2009) and white, scales above palp and on neck Gaedike (2000). Larvae and pupae are only brown-grey. Labial palp brown-grey, tip of known from four species, three European distal segment white. Scape and pedicel and one Neotropical. The larvae of all white, flagellum black and white ringed. these four species are mycetophagous. Thorax and tegula dark grey, tips of scales Accordingly, it may be assumed that all on tegula white. Legs dark grey, ends of members of the genus live as larvae in segments white. Forewing white, suffused fungi. with dark grey-brown scales and inter- A compilation of the published results rupted by dark grey-brown longitudinal concerning attraction by pheromones can stripes; fringe white and grey-brown che- be seen in El-Sayed (2012). quered. Hindwing uniformly grey. Remarks. Bradley (1966) described Male genitalia. Uncus long, tapered the subfamily Dryadaulinae in Lyonetiidae, towards bilobate rounded apex, uncus but noted: “… The precise affinities of arms fused with tegumen, the membrane the Dryadaulinae are uncertain and may between the two arms with petaloid bris- lie with the Tineidae; the systematic tles; valvae extremely asymmetrical, the position requires further study.” Still in left valva largely fluted, its outer ventral 1993, Robinson & Nielsen stated: “The margin densely equipped with very affinities of Dryadaula are presently long bristles, costal part more or less obscure, possibly masked by its extremely square with rounded edges, its centre apomorphic features.” Since then, no with a globular sclerotisation which knowledge has been added on this is densely thorned; the bridge between matter. The strongly asymmetrical male these parts is covered with very long genitalia need further study to understand bristles; the right valva with S-shaped 12 chapter 3 curve, pointed at apex, a hook-shaped pro- L. infested with Stereum rugosum Pers. and cess at base; phallus with very long and from the bark of sessile Quercus narrow appendix with acute bristles (see petraea (Matt.) Liebl. infested with figure 1b). Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst. and Female genitalia. Area around Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.) Fr. (Jaworski et ostium with many very short bristles; some al., 2014). longitudinal and transverse strongly scl­ Jaworski et al. (2012) figured and erotised wrinkles on sternite VIII, poste- described the pupa for the first time. rior margins of the two last sternites Remarks. Due to the three-dimension- notched lateromedially. ality of the male genitalia, the views in Variation. No variation was found various slides of the same species look because of the few studied specimens. very different (for example, Sachkov, 1995: Similar species. Superficially similar figs 7, 7a, 7b). Zagulajev 1970: 662, fig. 6 to D. zinica in the dark grey-brown longitu- (original description) overlooked the dinal stripes, in male genitalia by the bilo- strongly sclerotised wrinkles of the female bate uncus and the shape of valvae, in genitalia, but later, he illustrates them on female genitalia by the lateromedially abdominal segment VIII (Zagulajev, 1979: notched posterior margins of the last two 128, fig. 65). sternites. distribution. Known only from very few localities: Azerbaijan, Artschevan 2 Dryadaula zinica (Zagulajev, 1970) (type locality); Russia, Samara region, Zhiguli (Sachkov, 1995); Burjatia (Gaedike, Archimeessia zinica Zagulajev, 1970: 661, 2006); Poland, Bialowieza (Jaworski et al., figs 1–5. 2012), and Sweden (unpublished records). new records. 1♂, 1♀, Sweden: Halland, Description. Wingspan 9–12 mm; head Halmstad (Oceanhamnen), 8.vi.2014, leg. white, scales above palps dark grey. Labial et coll. Bengtsson. The specimens were palp dark grey, tip of last segment white. collected from stems of Populus nigra L. Scape white, flagellum white and grey and conifer trees imported from Russia ringed. Thorax white, tegula at base mixed (Bengtsson, pers. comm.) with grey scales. Legs dark grey, ends of the Bionomics. One specimen from segments white. Forewing whitish with Poland was reared from an aspen (Populus dark grey-brown pattern: a large square tremula) stump with bracket fungus patch at middle of costa, a longitudinal (Phellinus tremulae (Bondartsev) streak from base above cell to 1/4, con- Bondartsev & P.N. Borisov) the other col- nected with a smaller patch at costa, an lected on a trunk of dead oak with oblique square patch beyond cell at 1/4, (Pers.) Pat. and and some small patches at dorsum and Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.: Fr.) P. Karst. apex, the white apical half between the fruiting bodies (Jaworski et al., 2012). Other large square patch and apex overlaid with specimens were reared in June from rot- dark grey scales; fringe white, apically grey. ting wood of hornbeam Carpinus betulus Hindwing grey. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 13

Male genitalia. Uncus large, trian- 3 Dryadaula irinae (Savenkov, 1989) gular with rounded apex, closely con- nected with tegumen-vinculum-complex; Archimeessia irinae Savenkov, 1989: 92, left valva larger than the right valva, broad, figs 1–3. costal edge with conspicuous vault, the vault and the outer margin of valva with Description. Wingspan 13–15 mm. long and thin bristles; right valva smaller, Head cream-white, laterally with some less sclerotised, with only few bristles ven- darker scales. Labial palp inner side and trally; phallus and anellus complex of large, the ­apical segment with same colouration, complicated shape, details are not clearly outside dark greyish brown. Pedicel interpretable (figures show various views, white, flagellum ringed. Thorax whitish, see also fig. 4 in the original description). tegula basally grey-brown, distally whit- Female genitalia. Segment VIII at ish. Legs pale grey, shining, apical ends ostium with wedge-shaped notch, edges of of tarsal segments white. Forewing dirty the notch more strongly sclerotised and white, with dark brown pattern: at base area beside notch with long bristles; of costa, a column of three short stripes ostium surrounded by a membrane with obliquely from dorsum at 1/4 to costa at minute bristles; papillae anales small oval, 1/3, and another obliquely from dorsum with long bristles and short apophyses at 1/2 to costa at 2/3 (this stripe is a posteriores. large patch), a band at base of fringe, Variation. Some specimens with apex and some parts of fringe. Hindwing more greyish scales on forewing. pale grey. Similar species. Similar to D. cauca- Male genitalia. Uncus with two sica, but differs by forewings with large, elongated lobes, which are distally tapered nearly square, dark grey patch at middle and equipped with some bristles; vincu- from costa to cell; male genitalia with large lum narrow, without saccus; left valva triangular uncus, left valva with long thin larger than right valva, costal part with a bristles, female genitalia without trans- large hook and a finger-shaped sclerotisa- verse wrinkles on segment VIII. tion with long bristles, ventral part con- Distribution. Only known from the sists of two oval lobes; right valva narrow, localites of the type series in Azerbaijan tapered towards base, medio-costal area and Russia, Daghestan. with a field of long bristles, ventrally a par- Bionomics. The adults of the type allel, arrow elongated digitus half the series were collected at beginning of June length of valva, dorsally equipped with and at beginning of September. In labora- bristles on distal half; phallus with broad tory first-instar larvae lived in rotten wood rounded base, tapered towards apex, con- beneath or very close to lichens (Zagulajev, nected with small, bifurcate anellus. 1970). Later larvae were found on Zelcova Female genitalia. Margin of sternite carpinifolia (Pall.) Dipp., infested with VIII around ostium covered with many Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby : Fr.) P. Karst. minute bristles; margin of tergite VIII ser- in the Caucasus region: Azerbaijan, rate; the last two sternites strongly sclero- Talysch (Zagulajev, 1979). tised, with some transverse wrinkles. 14 chapter 3

Variation. No variation was found somewhat longer, narrow at base, costa at because of the few studied specimens. one-third with digitiform process; phallus Similar species. Superficially, D. iri- basally round, first third with slightly nae can be recognised by the dark-grey raised edges, second third curved, last spot at 3/4 of costa. In male genitalia, D. third curved in opposite direction and irinae is similar to D. heindeli, but differs by dentated, apex with sclerotised hook. the two elongated lobes of uncus and the Female genitalia. Oviscapt short, longitudinally divided valvae. papillae anales round with bristles; beyond distribution. Known only from ostium a field with minute bristles and two Latvia, Slitere, Saulite (localities of the round lobes with bristles; posterior edge of type series), Poland, Bialowieza Forest: last segment more strongly sclerotised; Gruszki ad Narewka (Jaworski et al., 2014), ductus bursae conspicuously sclerotised. Slovakia, Prievidza (Pastorális et al., 2011) Variation. No variation was found (unpublished record) and Austria, because of the few studied specimens. Vorarlberg, Feldkirch-Nofels (Huemer, 1996). Similar species. D. minuta is unique new record. 1♂, Bulgaria, Strandja, in the shapes of phallus and valvae in male Kovach, 25.vii.2014, leg. Savenkov & Roweck, genitalia and the conspicuously sclero- coll. Roweck. tised ductus bursae in female genitalia. Bionomics. The specimens of the type Distribution. Only known from series were collected at light at the end of Turkey (type locality) and Greece, Rhodes June and in July in broad-leaved forest. The (Gaedike, 2011a). specimens from Poland were reared in March Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The and in June from a branch of Hazel (Corylus adults were collected in July (Greece) and avellana L.) overgrown with Hypoxylon at the end of August (types). fuscum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. (Jaworski et al., 2014).

5 Dryadaula heindeli Gaedike & 4 Dryadaula minuta Gaedike, 2007 Scholz, 1998

Dryadaula minuta Gaedike, 2007: 160, Dryadaula heindeli Gaedike & Scholz, figs 1, 12–14. 1998: 106, figs 1, 3–7, 10–15.

Description. Wingspan 6 mm. Head Description. Wingspan 9–11 mm. Head pale brownish ochreous, laterally and cream-coloured, above palps and at neck beyond palps with some darker scales. dark brown. Labial palp outside dark brown, Antenna nearly as long as forewing. The inside cream-coloured. Scape cream- few available specimens are too worn to coloured, flagellum dark brown. Thorax adequately describe the pattern elements. dark brown, tip of tegula cream-coloured. Male genitalia. Uncus broad, with Forewing dark brown, oblique white stripes two small rounded lobes, distally with thin from costa at 1/4 and before 1/2 each ending bristles; at base of uncus two lateral hooks; below cell in a white patch, suffused with first half of left valva broad, distal half nar- dark brown scales, on costa at 3/4 a white rower and with long bristles; right valva patch, one on dorsum at beginning­ of fringe, Systematic treatment of the genera and species 15 and some scattered very small white dots on 6 Dryadaula pactolia Meyrick, 1901 whole forewing, four white patches on fringe. Hindwing grey. Dryadaula pactolia Meyrick, 1901: 577. Male genitalia. Uncus bilobate, api- cally round with bristles; vinculum nearly Description. Wingspan 8–10 mm. Head triangular; left valva ventrally round, distal yellowish ochreous, above palps paler. edge with long bristles, edges of dorsal part Labial palp cream-coloured. Scape with with several concavities and processes; right the same colouration as head, flagellum in valva narrower, basal part smaller, with an first half ringed, then alternating sections ovate bristled lobe, dorsal part a long curved, of dark and white colouration, extreme tip finger-like process with long bristles; phallus white. Thorax dark brown, tip of tegula small, curved, with broader base. cream-coloured. Forewing dark brown, Female genitalia. Around ostium with a pattern of white and cream- many minute bristles, basal edge of seg- coloured stripes and patches: an oblique ment VIII more strongly sclerotised. white stripe from costa at 1/4 to dorsum, Variation. The studied specimens below the cell broader, and scattered with show no variation. some light brown scales, a white narrow Similar species. Among European stripe from dorsum at the beginning of the species of Dryadaula, no other species has fringe to the middle of the cell, a third such dominant brown colouration of fore- white stripe around apex, connected with wings as D. heindeli. the white fringe at the middle; a white distribution. Only known from a patch at base and a larger one at 1/2 of few localities in Germany (Leipheim/ costa, both with scattered light brown Donau; Saarland, Illingen), Switzerland scales. Hindwing pale grey. (Kanton Vaud, Cudrefin La Sauge (Bryner, Male genitalia. Uncus membra- 2013)), Italy (specimens from different nous; tegumen and vinculum forming a localities and also Huemer, 2002) France narrow, strongly sclerotised ring; left and Spain (unpublished records). valva broad, costal and ventral edge new records. France: 1♂, Pyrenees nearly parallel, round at apex, mesal wall Orientales, Clos des Manes, Aytua, 30. with several sclerotisations and bristles; vi.2011, leg. et coll. R. Terry; 10♂, Dept. Var, right valva broad at base with a baso- Sillens la Cascade, 24.-26.v., 4.vi.2014, leg. et medial round sclerotisation, covered by coll. Seliger; Spain: 1♂, Lloret de Mar, 30. forked scales and a finger-shaped sclero- vi.-7.vii.1988, leg. et coll. Z. Tokar. tisation with long bristles, a long dorsal Bionomics. Larvae in Bjerkandera arm, distally oval and with long bristles; adusta (Willd.: Fr.) P. Karst. Details of life phallus oval at base, distally tapering history and description of larva and pupa with pointed apex. are given by Gaedike & Scholz (1998). The Female genitalia. Segment VIII specimens from Illingen were reared from with ostium in deep round sinus between Auricularia mesenterica.(Dickson: Fr. two round lobes with bristles, around Pers.). One of the two Swiss specimens was ostium with numerous minute bristles. attracted by pheromone for Pennisetia Variation. Some specimens with hylaeiformis (Laspeyres, 1801). head grey-brown and forewing darker 16 chapter 3 coloured by brown suffusion of white pat- Remarks. According to Meyrick (1916), tern elements. D. pactolia was introduced from New Similar species. D. pactolia is exter- Zealand to Europe, but it could equally nally similar to D. heindeli, but differs by have been vice versa with the transport the more extended white and cream- of barrels of wine or whisky (Gaedike, coloured pattern elements of the fore- 2000). wings and the very distinct male genitalia. Distribution. Portugal, Gaia (M. Corley i. l.); France (Côtes-d'Armor 7 Dryadaula hellenica (Gaedike, (Cosson, 2011)); Great Britain, Gloucester 1988) (Clutterbuck, 1916; Meyrick, 1916); Edin­ burgh, in a distillery warehouse (Morrison, Archimeessia hellenica Gaedike, 1988: 331, 1968). Ireland, Gortgonnell in Castle Coole figs 22–26. Park (Alexander & Parsons, 2007); Co. Louth, Dundalk indoor (2011, leg. D. Description. Wingspan 7 mm. Head yel- Hodgers, Langmaid i. l.). The Netherlands, lowish ochreous, laterally above antennae Amsterdam (T. Muus i. l.). Denmark, brown. Labial palp brownish, inside paler. Copenhagen (Larsen, 1927). Germany, Rhine- Antenna as long as forewing. Thorax yel- Main-region, in wine-cellars (Bender, lowish brown, tegula at base darker brown. 1941); Loreley, wine-cellar (Jäckh, 1942), Forewing cream-coloured with indistinct Cannstadt (Wörz, 1958); Pfalz, Holz a.d.W. brown pattern elements: some spots in (leg. et coll. de Lattin). Switzerland, Zürich basal third of wing, a weak stripe in middle (Sauter, 1983; Sauter & Whitebread, 2005). of wing, a second weak stripe at end of Outside Europe recorded from New cell, margin and fringe cream and brown Zealand, Nelson and Bealey River, speckled. Hindwing whitish. Wellington (type series). Male genitalia. Sternite VIII sclero- Bionomics. Most records of the spe- tised, shield-shaped, with a strongly cies are from indoors, mainly cellars. sclerotised broad thorn at each side; uncus Bender (1941) found the species in several simple, triangular with round tip; vincu- wine cellars in Germany at the “Deutsche lum enlarged anteriorly, broadly triangu- Weinstraße” between Neustadt and Bad lar, distally round, posteriorly triangular Dürkheim. He described in detail the life with strongly sclerotised edges; lateral history and morphology of eggs, larvae lobes of the tegumen-vinculum ring and pupae. Wörz (1958) found the larvae round, less sclerotised, with coremata; left on Penicillium crustaceum (=Penicillium valva ventral arm a narrow elongation expansum Link) and Cladosporium cellare with bristles distally, dorsal arm a broad (= Zasmidium cellare (Pers.: Fr.) Fr.) in area, round distally and with one round wine cellars. Morrison (1968) found larvae and one pointed process; right valva with in mats of Rhacodium cellare (=Zasmidium ventral arm broader, dorsal arm modified cellare (Pers.: Fr.) Fr.) (wine-cellar fungus) to a broad area straight distally and an and reared the larvae under laboratory enlarged round and one long pointed pro- conditions on Helminthosporium sp. cess; phallus a thin, undulating tube with Systematic treatment of the genera and species 17 flat sclerotised extensions, smaller dor- with a dense irregular brown pattern. sally, larger ventrally. Hindwing whitish. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Male genitalia. Without recognisa- sis absent, posterior apophysis long, with ble uncus; tegumen-vinculum ring dorsally numerous minute bristles around ostium; open, three dorsally directed asymmetric segment VIII ventrally with a large round sclerotised plates, ventrally two broad invagination. curved sclerotisations; valva with nearly tri- Variation. The studied specimens angular ventral arms, two hooks before dis- show no variation. tal tip, the latter round and with long bris- Similar species. D. hellenica is exter- tles, dorsal arms at base thin and fluted nally similar to D. nedae, but the forewing distally, the left valva larger than the right is less suffused by brown pattern elements. one; a paired structure situated in the mid- It can be easily distinguished from all dle of the genitalia which might be regarded other congeners by the sclerotisation of as the juxta-anellus complex ventrally with male sternite VIII and the male genitalia two larger, distally pointed lobes, a medial with triangular vinculum and its pro- thorn and dorsally two smaller distally longed dorsal triangular sclerotisation. pointed lobes; phallus weakly sclerotised, distribution. Only known from bulbous at base, strongly tapered at apex. Greek Peninsula and some Greek Islands Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- (Corfu, Benitses; Samos, Kokkari; Crete, sis absent, posterior apophysis long; below Sk. Iraklion, Bali, Makrigialos); Nel & Nel papillae two processes with numerous (2003) recorded the species from near minute thorns; ostium a distinct sclero- Hersonissos on Crete. tised ring; posterior part of ductus bursae Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The conspicuously sclerotised; segment VIII collection dates cover the the period from anterior to ostium with transverse May to October. sclerotisation. Variation. The studied specimens show no variation. 8 Dryadaula nedae (Gaedike, 1983), Similar species. D. nedae is externally comb. n. similar to D. hellenica, but distinct in its dense irregular brown pattern of the fore- Infurcitinea nedae Gaedike, 1983 (15.ii.): wings. Male and female genitalia are consid- 125, figs 147–152. erably different between the two species. Infurcitinea nedae Baldizzone, 1983 (31. distribution. , Greece, iii.): 17, figs 3–8; homonym Cyprus, outside Europe known from Turkey. Description. Wingspan 7–9 mm. Head Bionomics. Larval host unknown. brush brown ochreous, laterally above Adults were collected from the end of July neck somewhat darker. Labial palp shining to August. light ochreous, second segment with some Remarks. Infurcitinea nedae was unin- bristles. Thorax and tegula basally brown, tentionally described by me. During my apically paler. Forewing cream-coloured, work on the revision of the genus 18 chapter 3

Infurcitinea (Gaedike, 1983a), my col- Hapsifera Zeller, 1847 league Günther Petersen and me were informed by our friend Giorgio Hapsifera Zeller, 1847: 32. Baldizzone that he had two new species Type species: Hapsifera luridella Zeller, (I. nedae and I. tribertii) of this genus in 1847. press and provided illustrations of these Euplocera Ragonot, 1895: civ. two species for my manuscript. My man- Type species: Euplocera multiguttella uscript with this included information Ragonot, 1895: civ. was submitted for print later, and there- Pseudohapsifera Amsel, 1935: 315–316. fore I never expected that it would be Type species: Pseudohapsifera jeri- published a month earlier (15th February, choella Amsel, 1935: 315. 1983) than the intended original descrip- tions by Baldizzone (31st March, 1983). Description. In contrast to the charac- Unfortunately, according to the ICZN teristic head brush of most tineids, the (1999) the principles of priority recog- head vestiture of Hapsifera consists of nise my revision as the valid description lamellate scales that are appressed more of these two species, for which I already or less closely to the head. Forewing with apologised (Gaedike, 1992: 83). tufts of raised scales. I only investigated these two species Male genitalia. Uncus bilobate; vin- myself some time later. The investigation culum with short saccus; valvae fused showed that the male genitalia structures mediobasally; anellus connected via lat- of I. nedae are clearly asymmetric, as is eral processes with valvae; phallus simple, characteristic for Dryadaula. Therefore, I without cornuti. herewith transfer Infurcitinea nedae Female genitalia. Segment VIII and Gaedike, 1983 to Dryadaula. oviscapt elongated. distribution. Most species of Hapsifera are known from the Afrotropical Hapsiferinae and Oriental regions. In the Palaearctic region distributed from the Mediterranean Hapsiferinae Gozmány, 1968 (29. vi.): 326 to Japan. Type-genus: Hapsifera Zeller, 1847. Bionomics. Very little is known about Hapsiferini Zagulajev, 1968a (26. iii.): 220. the biology. Larvae feed externally or bur- Type-genus: Hapsifera Zeller,1847. rowing in soft substrates, on vegetable Zagulajev erected the tribe Hapsiferini with- detritus including sawdust used for culti- out any description and explanation in the vating mushrooms. According to Robinson subfamily Myrmecozelinae. Accordingly, & Nielsen (1993), an unidentified species the name Hapsiferini Zagulajev is not avail- of Hapsifera has been reared from burrows able (ICZN 1999, article 13). Gozmány (1968: of a mole-rat in Kenya (Le Cerf, 1945) and 29. vi.) erected the same group as subfamily, Hapsifera barbata (Christoph) has been and discussed its characters, as well as the reared “in association with mushrooms” in systematic position of the Hapsiferinae. China. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 19

9 Hapsifera luridella Zeller, 1847 Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- sis forked, dorsal arm thin, ventral arm Hapsifera luridella Zeller, 1847: 33. band-shaped, ventrally covered with Hapsifera eburnea Butler, 1881: 623–624. numerous minute thorns; segment IX Hapsifera palaestinensis Rebel, 1901: 179. completely covered with minute thorns; Hapsifera torulosa Turati, 1919: 345 [=143 signum sickle-shaped, with more strongly in separatum]. sclerotised mid-ridge. Hapsifera baliopsamma Meyrick, 1921: Variation. The very variable coloura- 475. tion led to the description of several species- Hapsifera cyrenaicensis Turati, 1924: 183 group names (see list of synonyms). Some [=168 in separatum]. variants with dark grey hindwings and yel- Hapsifera albicapilla Turati, 1926: 76 low-brown scales on forewing, sometimes [=56 in separatum]. the colouration of forewing darker brown, Hapsifera badiaria Turati, 1934: 208. with numerous very small dark dots; other Tinea pustulatella Lucas, 1942: 126; hom- variants with white scales, on forewing light onym of Tinea pustulatella Zeller, 1852. and dark brown scales only in cell and in Hapsifera asiatica Amsel, 1949: 324. apical half, tips of the tufts of raised scales Hapsifera kerbelella Amsel, 1949: 325. are also brown, fringe with two brown lines Hapsifera luridella ssp. susaella Amsel, Similar species. H. luridella is unique 1959: 36 (subspecies). in its appressed scales on vertex and the tufts of raised scales on forewing. Description. Wingspan 18–35 mm; distribution. Bulgaria, Greece, females larger than males. Head, palp and Cyprus, Macedonia and Italy (Parenti, antenna cream-coloured, second segment of 1965); outside Europe widely distributed labial palp with long scales, sticking out ven- from Morocco through Egypt and the trally. Thorax and tegula cream-coloured, tips Arabian Peninsula to Iran, Afghanistan, of scales darker brown. Forewing nearly white, through other Central Asian countries to irrorated with light and dark brown scales, Japan, additionally known from the costa darker, ­apical half, around apex and at Philippines, and from India. dorsum up to the beginning of fringe with Bionomics. Larvae live in silk-lined short dark brown stripes; upper side of fore- tubes in the turf of perennial plants, adults wing with (approximately 10–15) tufts of raised have been collected in the evening, some- scales, they are white with brown tip, the times at light (Zagulajev, 1975). colouration very variable. Hindwing pale grey. Male genitalia. Uncus bilobate; arms of gnathos narrow, conspicuously Rhodobates Ragonot, 1895 thickened before pointed tips; vinculum with small triangular saccus; valva elon- Rhodobates Ragonot, 1895: civ. gated, from base to middle with strongly Type species: Euplocamus laevigatellus scerotised strip; phallus straight, proxi- Herrich-Schäffer, 1854. mally thick, apically blunt. Paraplutella Rebel, 1901: 163–164. 20 chapter 3

Type species: Paraplutella algiricella two further species are known from East Rebel, 1901. and South Africa. Chliarostoma Meyrick, 1913: 335. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Type species: Chliarostoma relecta According to Zagulajev (1975) adults were Meyrick, 1913. collected mostly in the daytime. Tineodoxa Amsel, 1955: 32. Remarks. Petersen (1987) discussed the Type species: tibulella phylogenetic relationships and placed Rebel, 1936. Rhodobates in Hapsiferinae. The extra-Euro- pean Scalidomia or Scalidomia + Paraptica is Description. Wingspan 15–30 mm. probably the sistergroup of Rhodobates. Scales between antennae directed to the front. Second segment of labial palp with long erect scales, nearly triangular, with 10 Rhodobates unicolor (Staudinger, 3–5, seldom 10 lateral bristles, third seg- 1871) ment narrow, directed apically or obliquely erect, or minute or not visible among the Morophaga unicolor Staudinger, 1871: scales of second segment. Antenna approx- 287–288. imately 2/3 of length of forewing. Forewing Myrmecozela tibulella Rebel, 1936: 100. pattern not clearly defined and very vari- able. Last segment of male abdomen with Description. Wingspan 16–19 mm. Head weak or stronger medial sclerotisation of brush dark brown with pale tips. Second tergite and with medially notched sternite. segment of labial palp clearly curved Male genitalia. Uncus clearly upwards, with long erect scales and with notched medially, laterally often infolded 5–10 lateral bristles, third segment directed and dentate, gnathos arms medially fused, upwards, long and narrow. Antenna nearly ­distally with two pointed tips; vinculum 2/3 of the length of forewing, segments round, saccus sometimes present; valva brownish, basally paler coloured, ante­nna long, more or less pointed at costal apex, a of males weakly ciliate, of females sclerotised bridge running from middle of without cilia. Thorax and tegula dark valva towards costal base and juxta; phal- brown, proximally somewhat paler. lus long and narrow, weakly to strongly Forewing brown, some smaller groups of curved, sometimes with curved tip. darker scales along CuP and near cell, Female genitalia. Segment VIII sometimes also on costal edge; fringe strongly sclerotised, proximally excavated; somewhat paler. Hindwing light grey- ostium almost funnel-shaped; corpus bur- brown. sae without signum. Male genitalia. Uncus distally con- distribution. There are 19 species in spicuously notched; gnathos arms medi- the Palaearctic region, eight species occur ally strong, broadly fused, terminally with around the Mediterranean Sea from two thick hooked tips; valvae long, nearly Canary Islands to Turkey, eastwards to parallel, narrowed to a blunt tip; phallus Iran, of which four occur in Europe. Eleven nearly as long as valva, straight, before tip species are known from China and Nepal; weakly curved. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 21

Female genitalia. Segment VIII Male genitalia. Uncus distally with medial trapeze-shaped excavation, notched, the lateral lobes with rounded ostium funnel-shaped. tips; gnathos arms broadly fused medially, Variation. The females are somewhat terminally only weakly separated into two paler in colouration and the darker scales broad tips; vinculum with short broad sac- on forewing are more contrasting. In male cus; valva basally parallel, distally enlarged, genitalia, the shape of the gnathos arms is narrowed to the rounded tip; phallus variable (figs 10a–10b). somewhat longer than valva, nearly Similar species. Superficially similar straight, distal third S-shaped. to the other European members of the Female genitalia. Unknown. genus, but differs in genitalia. Males with Variation. Forewing of numerous distally conspicuously notched uncus, specimens with paler areas, especially on gnathos arms with two thick hooked tips, dorsum, in some cases also in the entire phallus weakly curved before tip. basal half. distribution. Western Palaearctic, Similar species. Similar to R. known from northern Spain, Prov. Gerona, unicolor, but uncus only slightly notched Balearic Islands, Mallorca, France (with with two broadly pointed lobes, gnathos Corsica), Italy (with Sardinia and Sicily), arms terminally only weakly separated Greece (with Crete) and Malta. Outside into two broad tips, vinculum with short Europe known from North Africa (Libya, saccus, phallus S-shaped distally. Tunisia). distribution. Only known from Bionomics. Larval host unknown. southern Spain, Prov. Sevilla, and Morocco Adults have been collected in September (locality of the type series). and October. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Adults have been collected from September (Spain) to November (Morocco). 11 Rhodobates friedeli Petersen, 1987

Rhodobates friedeli Petersen, 1987: 172, 12 Rhodobates canariensis Petersen & figs 12, 20, 62. Gaedike, 1979

Description. Wingspan 16–17 mm. Head Rhodobates canariensis Petersen & brush light brown with white tips. Second Gaedike, 1979: 397, figs 27–29. segment of labial palp elongate, with erect scales, but not so conspicuous as in the Description. Wingspan 21–22 mm. Head other species, with 4–5 lateral bristles, third brush dark brown with white tips. Antenna segment narrow, directed anteriorly. 2/3 of the length of forewing, segments dark Antenna 2/3 of length of forewing, seg- brown, basally paler. Second segment of ments cream-coloured, basally dark. labial palp curved upwards, with long erect Thorax light brown laterally. Forewing very scales, with 3–4 lateral bristles, third seg- variable: light brown with occasional ment long, erect. Thorax and tegula dark darker scales, or mainly darker brown. brown, tegula proximally with paler scales. 22 chapter 3

Forewing brown, with some darker scales Second segment of labial palp weakly along CuP and small dots along costa, curved, with long downwards directed dorsum from base to beginning of fringe scales, 4–5 lateral bristles, third segment paler. Hindwing pale grey-brown shining. slim, erect. Thorax light brown, medially Male genitalia. Uncus distally darker, tegula dark brown, proximally with notched, lateral lobes broadly triangular lighter scales. Forewing very variable: and pointed; gnathos arms medially broadly ground-colour light clay-coloured, with fused, terminally visible as separate arms dark scales, either scattered, and concen- only by a weak notch; valva in basal third trated in one dark dot at cell, or with hardly, in the middle strongly enlarged, darker scales on larger areas along CuP, as strongly narrowed to rounded tip; phallus dots on costal edge, sometimes dominated somewhat longer than valva, distal half by white scales in the cell. Hindwing some- curved, before tip weakly S-shaped. what paler, grey-brown. Female genitalia. Segment VIII Male genitalia. Uncus medially with trapeziform excavation, ostium fun- notched, with two strong processes; gna- nel-shaped, not reliably distinguishable thos arms broadly fused, terminally with from R. unicolor and R. pinkeri. deep rounded notch; valva long, basal half Variation. The darker scales on the nearly parallel, distally somewhat enlarged, forewing CuP are sometimes mixed with clearly narrowed to the rounded tip; phallus paler scales. nearly 1.4 times longer than valva, distal Similar species. Characteristic for third slightly curved, before tip clearly this species is the uncus with the lateral S-shaped. lobes broadly triangular and pointed, gna- Female genitalia. VIII sternite with thos arms visible as separate arms only by broad trapeziform excavation; ostium broad, a weak notch, distal half of phallus curved, ­funnel-shaped; not clearly distinguishable before tip weakly S-shaped. from R. unicolor and R. canariensis. distribution. Endemic to the Canary Variation. The subspecies gomerae Island Gran Canaria. with a wingspan of 25 mm; head brush Bionomics. Larval host unknown. grey-brown with paler tips; segments of Adults have been collected from antenna dark brown, proximally light, September to December. short ciliate; third segment of labial palp narrow, erect; thorax and tegulae dark grey-brown; forewing variable: ground- 13 Rhodobates pinkeri Petersen, 1987 colour light clay-brown with clearly defined dark brown scales, almost along Rhodobates pinkeri pinkeri Petersen, 1987: CuP, before cell, sometimes also below 173, figs 16, 22, 36, 50, 64, 67. cell, and many small dots at costal edge; Rhodobates pinkeri gomerae Petersen, hindwing light, brownish grey. In male 1987: 174, figs 51, 67; (subspecies). genitalia uncus with two blunt hump- shaped processes, gnathos arms conspicu- Description. Wingspan 19–22 mm. ous, medially broadly fused, terminally Head brush light brown with white tips. with two blunt humps (fig. 13a). Systematic treatment of the genera and species 23

Similar species. Uncus with two Description. Larger moths (wingspan strong processes, gnathos arms terminally 25–35 mm (males), 26–36 mm (females)). with deeply rounded notch, very long Head golden-coloured, basal segment of phallus (1.4 times longer than valva) dis- labial palp with long scales, last segment tinguish this species from R. canariensis. thin, erect. Antenna of males bipectinate, distribution. Endemic to the Canary antenna of females simple. Forewing dark Islands Teneriffe (ssp. pinkeri) and Gomera brown with pattern of white or yellow (ssp. gomerae). round spots. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus bilobate, dor- Adults have been collected in June and sally with pointed process; tegumen broad, September (ssp. pinkeri) and in July (ssp. gnathos arms fused in the middle; sub- gomerae). scaphium longer than uncus, phallus-like; valva folded longitudinally; phallus small, fused with anellus. Euplocaminae Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- sis long, distally forked; ostium small, Euplocamidae Börner, 1939: 1410. calyx-shaped, with two prolonged edges; Type-genus: Euplocamus Latreille, segment VIII with fine spines. 1809. distribution. Palaearctic region, In his paper on the Fauna of the including the Himalayas. Tineidae of Romania Capuşe (1968: 111) Bionomics. Larvae boring in rotten used the division of Börner (1939), but as wood and bracket fungi. Adults fly during subfamily Euplocaminae. daytime.

Euplocamus Latreille, 1809 14 (Scopoli, 1763) Euplocamus Latreille, 1809: 223. Type species: Tinea guttella Fabricius, anthracinalis Scopoli, 1763: 239. 1781. Tinea fuesslinella Sulzer, 1776: 163, pl. 23, Trichocheilia Hübner, 1822: 52, 66–80. fig. 13 Type species: Phalaena anthracinalis Tinea guttella Fabricius, 1781: 509. Scopoli, 1763. Phalaena anthracina Borkhausen, 1793: Epichysia Hübner, [1825]: 404. 1: 345; unjustified emendation of Phalaena Type species: Phalaena anthracinalis anthracinalis Scopoli, 1763. Scopoli, 1763. Phalaena fuesslinaria Esper, 1794: v: 188, Nycterina Meigen, 1832: 263. pl. 33, figs 5–7; unjustified emendation of Type species: Nycterina anthracina Tinea fuesslinella Sulzer, 1776. Meigen, 1832. Tinea anthracinella Denis & Trichocheila Bradley, 1966: 216. Schiffermüller, 1775: 319; unjustified emen- An incorrect subsequent spelling of dation of Phalaena anthracinalis Scopoli, Trichocheilia Hübner, 1822. 1763. 24 chapter 3

Nycterina anthracina Meigen, 1832: 263. contrast to the nominate form; head brush Euplocamus anthracinalis var. mone- yellow, thorax with numerous yellowish tellus Lederer, 1864: 171; unavailable, scales, tegula nearly white, with yellowish infrasubspecific. scales; legs on outside cream-coloured; the Euplocamus anthracinalis ab. nigritella dark brown colouration of forewing over- Schawerda, 1911: (90); infrasubspecific laid with numerous yellow scales, hind- according to IZCN (45.6.3.). wing dark brown, with a white stripe from base obliquely to the edge of dorsum, Description. Wingspan 25–36 mm. sometimes interrupted, near the apex a Head brush golden. Labial palp dark round white dot. brown, basal segment with long scales, Similar species. The forewing with last segment thin, erect, with some white spots is characteristic; in contrast to white scales. Antenna with dark brown the yellow spots in E. ophisa. scape, flagellum white ringed, males with distribution. Central (France bipectinate antenna, the arms with small (Demergès, 2011), Belgium, Germany) and cilia, females with normal antenna. Thorax southern Europe (no records from the dark brown, tegula golden. Legs dark Iberian Peninsula), eastwards from brown, tips of tarsal segments white. Bulgaria to Ukraine and the Caucasus Forewing dark brown with pattern of region. The var. monetellus is known from white, round spots, the spots on costa at Southern Hungary, Bulgaria, Caucasus 2/3 and before apex transversely elon- region, partly from the same localities as gated; fringe with four or five white dots. the nominate form. Hindwing dark brown, only males with Bionomics. Larvae boring in rotten numerous white dots on fringe. wood and bracket fungi. Adults have been Male genitalia. Uncus bilobate, collected from April to August. each lobe dorsally with pointed process; Remarks. The taxon monetellus is tegumen broad, gnathos arms fused in the infrasubspecific, although Lederer middle; subscaphium longer than uncus, described it as “Var.”, but in the description looks phallus-like; valva two-folded, inner he wrote: “… also Uebergänge zur side indentated, apical half broader than Stammart bildend. [“thus forming transi- the basal half; phallus small, basally tions to the basic species”].” This is an indi- enlarged, fused with anellus. cation of an infrasubspecific level (ISZN Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- 1999 article 45.6.4.). The taxon nigritella sis long, forked, one arm short and Schawerda, 1911 is infrasubspecific (IZCN enlarged; ostium small, calyx-shaped, with 1999 article 45.6.3.) and not available, and two prolonged edges; segment VIII with hence it is not a synonym as stated in the fine spines. database of Robinson (2008). The taxon Variation. Sometimes males with amanalis Osthelder, 1936, described as indication of the oblique white stripe and subspecies of anthracinalis, is a synonym white spot on hindwing (characteristic for of E. delagrangei Ragonot, 1895 (see var. monetellus in both sexes). The colour- Gaedike, 2011a) and not of anthracinalis, as ing of var. monetellus is paler brown in stated in the database of Robinson (2008). Systematic treatment of the genera and species 25

15 Euplocamus ophisa (Cramer, 1779) Variation. On forewing sometimes the yellow colour is dominant. Phalaena ophisa Cramer, 1779: 20, pl. 13, fig. c. Similar species. The yellow dots on ? aurantiella Frivaldszky, 1835: 272, pl. 7, forewings and the yellow abdominal seg- fig. 6. (invalid description) ments of male are characteristic for this species. Description. Wingspan 20–28 mm distribution. On Balkan Peninsula (male), 23–30 mm (female). Head brush known from Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, shining yellow, with single black scales. Greece, European part of Turkey, Bulgaria. Labial palp yellow, second segment with Bionomics. Larval host unknown. long scales, directed distally, nearly com- Adults have been collected from May to July. pletely dark brown. Antenna of males Remarks. The taxon aurantiella was bipectinate, antenna of females simple, described without genus name. Therefore scape and upper side of first half of flagel- the species name is not valid (IZCN 1999, lum yellow, apical half yellow-brown article 11.9.3.). ringed. Thorax and tegula yellow, mixed with dark brown scales. Legs dark brown (female) or yellow with dark brown parts Scardiinae on tarsal segments (male). Forewing of male dark brown with numerous shining Scardiinae Eyer, 1924: 320 small yellow dots, and with large spots on Type-genus: Scardia Treitschke, 1830. costa at 1/3, 2/3, and before apex, and on Semeolonchini Capuşe, 1971: 232. dorsum at 1/4 and 1/2, single violet-shin- Type-genus: Semeoloncha Gozmány, ing scales scattered over whole wing; 1968. fringe with six or seven yellow spots; Tinissinae Gozmány & Vári, 1973: 84. female forewing without pale dots, with Type-genus: Tinissa Walker, 1864. cream-coloured spots, four on costa at 1/4, 1/2, 2/3 and before apex, on dorsum at 1/4 The descriptions of the genera were adopted and at 1/2, only few violet-shining scales; fully and some other data on the following fringe with only few light dots, Hindwing members of the subfamily were adopted in both sexes dark brown. Abdomen of partly from the revision by Robinson (1986). female dark brown, abdomen of male, beginning with segment III, yellow. Male genitalia. Uncus lobes sepa- Montescardia Amsel, 1952 rated, the inner part smaller; gnathos arms fused; valva bilobate, on the ventral edge Montescardia Amsel, 1952a: 139. at 1/2 a process with rounded tip; phallus Type species: Euplocamus tessulatellus with broad base, narrower to tip. Zeller, 1846. Female genitalia. Quite similar to anthracinalis, but the calyx-shaped ostium Description. (According to Robinson, smaller, and the first part of ductus bursae 1986): “Antenna (male) with dorsal cilia, more strongly sclerotised. ventral surface scaled; cilia shorter than 26 chapter 3

1.5 × flagellar diameter. Scape with more scape and pedicel straw-coloured, tufts than 15 pecten bristles. Interocular index above eyes darker. Labial palp strongly (male) 1.0 or less. Maxillary palp 5-seg- flecked with brown on outer surface of sec- mented; pilifers present; second segment of ond and third segments but pale at articula- labial palp shorter than width of head. tions. Flagellum grey-brown above, cilia 1.0 Outer mid and proximal hind tibial spurs > × (♂) or 0.7 × (♀) flagellar diameter. Thorax 0.4 length of inner spurs. Forewing with R3 and tegula cream-coloured, strongly flecked and R4 separate; M2, M3 and CuA1 separate; with brown. Legs straw-coloured, strongly mottled colouration forming cryptic, coarse marked above and on outer surfaces with “moss” pattern. Male with coremata in dark brown, but pale at articulations. eighth abdominal segment; coremata not Forewing cream-coloured, marked with associated with apodemes. Male genitalia orange-brown along veins and strongly with complex uncus separated from tegu- flecked with dark brown to form ill-defined men by narrow band of membrane; tegu- jagged medial and postmedial bands, men broken dorsally by at least a membra- medial costal spot strongly defined, strong nous suture line; valva lacking basal setose dark spot at end of cell. Hindwing pale grey, lobe on inner surface; apex of valva not mottled at margin and fringe. forming hook or hooks, without spines; val- Male genitalia. Uncus lobes strongly vae fused ventrally into a single movable sclerotised, separated from tegumen by complex, valva without longitudinal cleft; relatively broad membranous area, setose saccus wider than long; juxta complex, only apically and laterally, with irregularly entire, not divided medially; vesica lacking serrate caudal margin; subscaphium trian- spicular cornuti; aedeagus [= phallus] with gular; juxta enveloping and partly fused spicular or spinose carinae. with phallus to form an elaborate intro- Conspicuous autapomorphies. Juxta mittent complex; saccus short, triangular; complex, enveloping aedeagus [= phallus] valvae fused ventrally, to form a united to form an elaborate, double-layered and complex with a narrowly V-shaped medio- partially fused intromittent complex; sub- ventral emargination, apex of valva sim- scaphium broad, triangular; female with ple, rounded; phallus fused with juxta; eighth tergite explanate, forming pair of vesica without cornuti. broad lateral flanges.” Female genitalia. Eighth tergite Distribution. Holarctic. longer than eighth sternite, caudal 1/4 Bionomics. See M. tessulatellus. membranous, with four pairs of strong and elongate subapical setae posterior to irregular margin of sclerotisation; tergite 16 Montescardia tessulatellus (Zeller, anteriorly forms conspicuous pair of quad- 1846) rate lateral flaps; eighth sternite U-shaped, basally strongly folded, between arms a Euplocamus tessulatellus Zeller, 1846: 178. broad and deep depression leading to ostium which is overlaid by a strong semi- Description. Wingspan 22–29 mm. circular sclerite. Antrum short, longitudi- Vertex, frons, labial palp and antennal nally folded and with very fine transverse Systematic treatment of the genera and species 27 striations; ductus bursae thick-walled, cor- Agarica Sodoffsky, 1837: 93. pus bursae without signa. Type species: Phycis boleti Fabricius, Variation. The studied specimens 1798. [Unnecessary objective replacement show no variation. name for Scardia Treitschke] Similar species. Unlike all other Fernaldia Grote, 1881: 274. Palaearctic scardiines with this wing-pat- Type species: Fernaldia anatomella tern, all veins in the forewings are free and Grote, 1881. the forewings appear correspondingly Duomitella Koshantschikov, 1923: 22. broader than in Morophaga. Abdomen Type species: Duomitella relicta ventrally without three dark brown longi- Koshantschikov, 1923. tudinal streaks, which are characteristic for . Description. (According to Robinson, Distribution. In Europe known from 1986): “Antenna (male) lacking dorsal cilia, Scandinavia (not from Denmark) through ventral surface without scales; cilia shorter Baltic states to European part of Russia and than 1.5 x flagellar diameter. Scape with Ukraine, from Poland, Slovakia, Czech more than 15 pecten bristles. Interocular Republik, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, index (male) 1.0 or less. Maxillary palp the Netherlands (unpublished record) to 5-segmented; pilifers present; second seg- Italy and France and from Balkan Peninsula ment of labial palp shorter than width of (Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, head. Outer mid and proximal hind tibial Bosnia-Herzegowina). The record from spurs > 0.4 length of inner spurs. Forewing Corsica (Rungs, 1988) ) needs verification. with R3 and R4 separate; M2, M3 and CuA1 new record. 1♂, The Netherlands: separate; pattern consisting of pale termen Provinz Limburg, Nationalpark De Meinweg, and dorsum on darker ground-colour. Male Grenzweg [boarder way] (Sechseichen) at with coremata in eighth abdominal seg- D-Wegberg-Dalheim. Larva in fungus on ment; coremata not associated with Quercus rubra L., 20.iii..2014, ex p. . 3.iv.2014, apodemes. Male genitalia with complex leg. et coll. Wittland. uncus fused with tegumen; tegumen unbro- Bionomics. Larvae from pore-fungi ken, completely sclerotised dorsally; valva and dead wood of Picea and Fagus (Petersen, lacking basal setose lobe on inner surface; 1969), reared from Daedalea quercina (L.: apex of valva forming ventral hook or Fr.) Pers. (Vetter, 1999; Jaworski et al., 2014), hooks, or with spines; valvae + juxta fused rosea (Alb. & Schwein.) P. Karst. ventrally into a single movable complex, (Komonen et al., 2001; Jaworski et al., 2014), valva without longitudinal cleft; saccus and betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst. wider than long; juxta complex, conspicu- (Jaworski et al., 2012; 2014). ous, entire, not divided medially; vesica with spicular cornuti; aedeagus [= phallus] smooth-surfaced, without spicular carinae. Scardia Treitschke, 1830 Conspicuous autapomorphies. Uncus fused with bases of valvae, with pair of elon- Scardia Treitschke, 1830: 291 gate horn-like internal processes; female Type species: Phycis boleti Fabricius, 1798. with frenulum of about 15 strong bristles.” 28 chapter 3

Six species are known. Antenna dark brown, cilia 1.2 × (♂) or 0.7 × Distribution. Western and Eastern (♀) flagellar diameter. Thorax cream Palaearctic region; Oriental region (India, flecked with brown, tegula brown, cream Borneo); Nearctic region; Neotropical posteriorly. Legs cream, strongly flecked region (Venezuela). In Europe only one with brown but pale at articulations. species, a second one, S. caucasica Forewing cream, strongly patterned with Zagulajev, 1965, known only from Caucasus dark purple-brown, with orange-brown on region (Georgia, Armenia) has not been veins, cream colouration almost obliter- found in the European part of Caucasus ated by brown and restricted to termen mountains. and posterior margin, a few pale dots Bionomics. See under the species. towards costa; fringe conspicuously che- Remarks. Robinson (1986) discusses quered. Hindwing light grey-brown, pale the validity of type-species designations of dots towards apex; fringe chequered. Scardia. As the designation of Phycis boleti Male genitalia. Uncus lobes dorso-­ Fabricius, 1798 by Busck (April, 1914) is ear- ventrally flat, strongly sclerotised, basally lier than the designation of Tinea mediella broad pointed tip, length of tips variable; Hübner, 1796 by Walsingham (November, tegumen with dorsal emargination bear- 1914), the designation of Phycis boleti ing some strong spines; saccus broad, shal- maintains the usage of Morophaga and low; dorsal region of fusion of uncus lobes Scardia by authors (with exception of and tegumen broad, with shallow lateral Davis (1983)). invaginations; juxta broadly V-shaped, fused laterally with valvae, extended dis- tally into pair of horn-shaped processes; 17 Scardia boletella (Fabricius, 1794) valva simple but with shallow and rugose costal flap and with mediobasal fold, api- Tinea boletella Fabricius, 1794: 287. cal margin with broadly U-shaped emargi- Phycis boleti Fabricius, 1798: 463. nation; phallus 10 × as long as broad, Unjustified emendation of boletella. strongly sclerotised but simple. Noctua polypori Esper, 1804: pl. 196, fig. 1; Female genitalia. Eighth tergite 1805: 64. Unnecessary replacement name slightly longer than eighth sternite, with for Phycis boleti Fabricius, 1798 (cited as slightly concave caudal margin, eighth ster- “Tinea Boleti”) which is an unjustified nite oval, strongly keeled; ventral margin of emendation of Tinea boletella Fabricius, ostium V-shaped, with small medial emar- 1794. gination, lobes on either side of ostium Duomitella relicta Koshantschikov, bearing some stout setae and a few smaller 1923: 23. setae; ostium surmounted by membranous posteriorly-extended lobe bearing elongate Description. Wingspan 37–60 mm. heart-shaped sclerite with shallow lateral Head brownish cream-coloured, brown invaginations, posterior to lobe and sclerite close to eyes. Labial palp cream-coloured, a deep anteriorly-directed pocket forming brown on outer surface of first and second a “false antrum”; antrum hardly sclerotised, segment and in middle of third segment. tapered anteriorly, reaching anterior Systematic treatment of the genera and species 29 margin of eighth sternite; ductus bursae Morophaga Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 1/2 length of apophyses anteriores, with irregular transverse constrictions, very Morophaga Herrich-Schäffer, 1853: 22. thin-walled. Type species: Euplocamus morellus Variation. The studied specimens Duponchel, 1838. show only variation in size. Atabyria Snellen, 1884: 164. Similar species. One of the largest Type species: Atabyria bucephala Tineidae, the size distinguishes this spe- Snellen, 1884. cies from the other European members of Osphretica Meyrick, 1910: 475. the Scardiinae. Very similar to Scardia cau- Type species: Osphretica chomatias casica, described from Caucasus, but the Meyrick, 1910. taxonomic status is doubtful: “… the … Microscardia Amsel, 1952a: 139. species represents an isolated geographi- Type species: Noctua boleti Fabricius, 1777. cal race of boletella only arguably deserv- ing of specific status“(Robinson, 1986). Description. (According to Robinson, Distribution. All Europe, but sporad- 1986): “Antenna (male) lacking dorsal cilia, ically distributed through Scandinavia, ventral surface without scales; cilia longer , Alpine countries, south- than 1.5 × flagellar diameter, scape with wards to northern Greece, eastwards to more than 15 pecten bristles. Interocular Siberia. The distribution is boreo-mon- index (male) 1.0 or less. Maxillary palp tane/cold temperate. 5-segmented; pilifers present; second seg- Bionomics. Larvae in various fungi ment of labial palp shorter than width of (, Ganoderma, Polyporus) (Zagulajev, head. Outer mid and proximal hind tibal 1973). Larva is illustrated by Zagulajev spurs > 0.4 length of inner spurs. Forewing (1973), the biology is described by with R3 and R4 stalked or approximated at Mitterberger (1910; 1911) and Koshantschikov base; M2, M3 and CuA1 separate; coloura- (1923). The latter author found three live tion usually mottled, forming cryptic pupae enclosed in webbed frass on fungi coarse “moss” pattern. Male with or with- on a dead , and three large larvae in out coremata in eighth abdominal seg- the fungus. Campadelli & Ciccarone (1992) ment; coremata associated with elongate, reared larvae from (L.: rod-like apodemes at anterior corners of Fr.) Fr. from a tree, Jaworski et al., eighth sternite in [M.] choragella-group. 2014 from the same fungus from Quercus Male genitalia with simple uncus – a pair robur L. Fritz (2004) discussed the impor- of setose lobes - separated from tegumen tance of isolation, habitat area and habitat by narrow band of membrane; tegumen history of the species in Sweden. completely sclerotised dorsally or broken Remarks. The position of the uncus- by a membranous suture line; valva with lobes strongly depends upon preparation setose basal lobe on inner surface; apex of and may change often by 90° from trans- valva forming ventral hook or hooks, or verse to sagittal planes. (See differences in with spines, valvae separate, not fused the view of fig. 17 in this work and of fig. 99 together ventrally, with deep emargina- by Robinson (1986). tion forming longitudinal cleft; saccus 30 chapter 3 longer than wide; juxta simple, entire, not above. Forewing ground-colour light brown, divided medially; vesica with or without strongly speckled and mottled with dark spicular cornuti; aedeagus [= phallus] with brown, dark spots concentrated medially or without carinae. Conspicuous autapo- and subterminally. Hindwing light grey- morphies. None. May be recognised, how- brown with some ill-defined darker speck- ever, by combination of 'moss'-patterned les towards apex. forewing with R3 and R4 stalked and Male genitalia. Uncus lobes short, deeply cleft valva.” square-ended, infolded both mesad and Distribution. Western and eastern ventrad, moderately sclerotised, setose; Palaearctic region; Afrotropical, Oriental, saccus broadly triangular but as long as Australian regions, absent from the New tegumen + uncus; subscaphium ill- World. 14 species are known, two of them defined, broadening posteriorly; juxta occur in Europe. large, shield-shaped and conspicuously Bionomics. Larvae in fungi on dead wrinkled; valva with emargination sepa- wood. rating ventral lobe bearing three peg-like Remarks. For the validity of the genus processes from smaller dorsal lobe bearing see remarks under the genus Scardia. subapical ventral flap; phallus stout, S-shaped, without carinae, vesica without cornuti. 18 Morophaga morellus (Duponchel, Female genitalia. Eighth tergite as 1838) long as eighth sternite, with subapical row of about eight strong setae, eighth sternite Euplocamus morellus Duponchel, 1838: 79, strongly sclerotised, medially emarginate pl. 288, fig. 5. anteriorly, extended posteriorly into pair Morophaga morella f. fungicolella of digitate processes each bearing three Dumont, 1930: 286; unavailable, strong setae and overlying ostium; antrum infrasubspecific. cylindrical, ductus bursae short; corpus bursae without signa. Description. Wingspan 21–28 mm. Head Variation. The studied specimens greyish brown, scales tipped with white, show no variation. pair of paler lateral tufts arising close to ten- Similar species. The colouration of torial pits. Labial palp greyish brown, scales the forewings distinguishes this species tipped with white, but inner surface buff, from Morophaga choragella and third segment diffusely banded with black Montescardia tessulatellus, besides the basally and subapically. Scape and pedicel shape of the genitalia structure. ochreous-brown, with darker brown ventral Distribution. In Europe known from scales, flagellum medium brown, cilia 2.5 × all countries of the Mediterranean region (♂) or 0.4 × (♀) flagellar diameter. Thorax and from Ukraine, outside Europe known and tegula dark brown anteriorly, light grey- from Northern Africa, Turkey, Caucasus brown posteriorly. Legs buff but fore- and region and Afghanistan. mid-leg dark brown above, banded with Bionomics. The species has been bred buff at articulations, hind tibia light greyish from an excrescence on Morus (Duponchel, Systematic treatment of the genera and species 31

1838), from Xanthochisma plorans on 0.7 × (♀) flagellar diameter. Thorax and Populus and from fungus in hollow Pistacia tegula cream, dark brown anteriorly. Legs atlantica (Dumont, 1930), from a cream, foreleg and mid-leg strongly marked on Quercus robur L. (Martelli & Arru, 1959) with dark brown above in basal half of each and from dead wood of Quercus sp. segment, hindleg similarly marked with (Staudinger, 1879: 270) (according to light grey. Forewing cream marked with Robinson, 1986). Also bred from Ganoderma orange-brown (particularly along veins), lucidum (Curtis : Fr.) P. Karst. (Parenti, medium brown and dark brown (overall 1966) and Ganoderma adspersum (Schulzer) appearance distinctly olivaceous, particu- Donk (Ian Barton, pers. comm.). Examined larly in fresh specimens). Hindwing grey, material shows following information: paler dots at apex, bases of fringe scales Larvae in fungi on Tamarix sp. in Greece, paler. Abdomen ventrally with three dark larvae in Xanthochrous sp. (tamaricis (= brown longitudinal streaks. Inonotus tamaricis (Pat.) Maire)?) in Male genitalia. Coremata present on Morocco, larvae in Ganoderma cf. resina- eighth abdominal segment, associated with ceum Boud. on Ficus carica (Linnaeus) on elongate, rod-like apodemes from eighth Balearic island Formentera. Dumont (1930) sternite. Uncus lobes elongate, digitiform, described the egg, larva and pupa. Adults moderately sclerotised, setose; subscaphium have been collected from May to October. ill-defined, ribbon-like; juxta plate-shaped, The species is an inhabitant of drier contiguous with vinculum; saccus 0.6 length environments with open sclerophyll for- of tegumen + uncus; valva divided by deep est, whereas most other species of the sub- emargination into dorsal and ventral lobes, family inhabit moist forest and woodland. ventral lobe rounded, ventral margin with row of shallowly dentate processes, dorsal lobe with deep recess accommodating 19 Morophaga choragella (Denis & mobile and strongly sclerotised hook-shaped Schiffermüller, 1775) process; phallus curved, 9 × as long as broad, apex tapered gently, with fine spicular cari- Tinea choragella Denis & Schiffermüller, nae, vesica with fine spicular cornuti. 1775: 137. Female genitalia. Segment VIII dis- Noctua boleti Fabricius, 1777: 282. placed caudally, shield-shaped, with slight Tinea fungella Thunberg, 1794: 93. posteromedial emargination, caudal mar- Tinea mediella Hübner, 1796: 19, pl. 3, gin with about 10 strong setae; eighth fig. 19. ­sternite broad, lateral margins extended dorsally to almost meet anterior to the dis- Description. Wingspan 21–30 mm. Head placed tergite; ventrally a broad plate, cream. Labial palp cream mixed with extended caudally into pair of broad lobes brown, apical segment with ill-defined sub- with narrow emargination between them, apical and basal brown rings. Scape cream, overlying ostium; antrum funnel-shaped basally mixed with brown on dorsal surface, and smooth-walled to inception of ductus pedicel dark brown above, flagellum ochre- seminalis; ductus bursae short; corpus ous, scales tipped with grey, cilia 3 × (♂) or bursae very thin-walled, signa absent. 32 chapter 3

Variation. The studied specimens in detail. Detailed information about mor- show no variation. phology of pupa, phenology and parasites Similar species. The three conspicu- were given by Vetter (1999). ous dark brown longitudinal streaks on ventral side of abdomen distinguish M. choragella from Montescardia tessulatellus. Nemapogoninae Distribution. Almost all Europe, out- side Europe known from northern Africa Nemapogoninae Hinton, 1955: 228. (Morocco, Tunisia), eastwards towards the Type-genus: Nemapogon Schrank, 1802. Caucasus region, Iran, Kazakhstan and Triaxomerini Zagulajev, 1963a: 370. Siberia. A widespread and common species. Type-genus: Triaxomera Zagulajev, 1959. Bionomics. The species has been bred from many species of bracket-fungi (Pseudotrametes gibbosa (= Triaxomera Zagulajev, 1959 gibbosa­ (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. ), Cerenna unicolor (Bull.) Murrill, Coriolus hirsutus Triaxomera Zagulajev, 1959: 879. (= Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen : Fr.) Lloyd ), Type species: Tinea fulvimitrella C. versicolor (= (L.: Fr.) Sodoffsky, 1830. Lloyd), Inonotus dryadeus (Pers.: Fr.) Murrill, I. cuticularis (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst., Description. Cilia of antenna as long as Ganoderma lipsiense (= G. applanatum or longer than the width of segments, in (Pers.) Pat. ), G. adspersum (Schulzer) contrast to genus Nemapogon (without Donk, Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.: Fr.) cilia). Forewing dark brown with charac- With., Phellinus robustus (P. Karst.) teristic pattern of white dots. Bourdot & Galzin, P. igniarius (L.: Fr.) Quél. , Male genitalia with broad uncus, some- Lenzites betulina (L.: Fr.) Fr., Datronia mol- what notched apically; vinculum broad, lis (Sommerf.: Fr.) Donk , Bjerkandera with small saccus; gnathos arms typical for adusta (Willd.: Fr.) P. Karst., Polyporus sul- the subfamily, quite differently shaped in phureus (= Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: T. parasitella (autapomorphy); valva Fr.) Murrill ), P. squamosus (Huds.: Fr.) Fr., folded longitudinally in the middle, the Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst.) ventral margin dentate or bristled, only Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr., Phaeolus parasitella without fold; phallus short, schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat. , Heterobasidion par- often with dentate margin. viporum Niemela & Karhonen (Records Female genitalia with variably sclero- from studied material: Alexander, 1996; tised tergite VIII; around ostium with vari- Chalmers-Hunt, 1995; Feldmann, 2000; ous sclerotisations; ductus bursae covered 2009; Rammert, 1989; Sims, 1997a; 2001; with small thorns, signum is an area of Vetter, 1999; Jaworski et al., 2011; Jaworski small more highly sclerotised thorns. et al., 2014) and from dead wood perme- Bionomics. Larvae in bracket-fungi or ated by fungal hyphae. Zagulajev (1973) wood permeated with fungal mycelia. compiled the knowledge about larval sub- Remarks. Distinguishable from genus strates. Hinton (1956) described the larva Nemapogon by having cilia on antenna, Systematic treatment of the genera and species 33 the absence of digitus on valva and the Female genitalia. Segment VIII presence of signum. compact, strongly sclerotised, apically Distributed in the Palaearctic region with bristled; sternite around ostium notched; 5 species, in Europe four species are known. ductus bursae and signum typical for the The following three species are closely genus. related. The phylogenetic relationships of Variation. Sometimes the dark brown this species-group are discussed in detail colouration of forewings partially overlaid by Petersen (1984). with whitish scales, and the white patches mixed with some brown scales. Similar species. The clear white 20 patches on forewing make this species dis- (Sodoffsky, 1830) tinguishable from other members of the genus. Tinea fulvimitrella Sodoffsky, 1830: 74, pl. 1, Distribution. Central and northern fig. 6. Europe; from France and Balkan Peninsula to European part of Russia, outside Europe Description. Wingspan 15–20 mm (♂), distributed in Siberia, Russian Far East and 17–24 mm (♀). Head golden yellow, neck Mongolia. laterally dark brown. Labial palp outside Bionomics. Larvae in various fungi brown, inside light yellow, second seg- on Fagus, Carpinus, Betula (Polyporus sp., ment with long bristles, third segment Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby: Fr.) P. Karst., yellow, pointed. Scape light yellow, Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst., ­flagellum ringed: dark brown with light Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr., Stereum yellow scales. Thorax dark brown, tegula rugosum Pers.: Fr., Daedalea quercina (L.: apically light yellow. Legs dark brown, Fr.) Pers., Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.: Fr.) P. tibiae and segments of tarsi apically light Karst.) Formitoporia punctata (Pilát) yellow. Forewing dark brown with four Murrill, Phellinus tremulae (Bondartsev) clearly contrasted white patches, two on Bondartsev & Borisov (Records from stud- costa at 1/2 and 3/4, two on dorsum at 1/3 ied material as well as Zagulajev, 1964a; and 2/3, some very small white dots on Rammert, 1989; Vetter, 1999; Jaworski et al., costa near base; fringe with four white 2014), or in wood permeated with fungal areas around apex and on termen. mycelia. The larva was described in detail Hindwing grey. by Hinton (1956). A compilation of the Male genitalia. Uncus broad, later- published results concerning attraction by ally bristled, medioapically notched; tegu- pheromones is given by El-Sayed (2012). men and vinculum ring-shaped, with small saccus; gnathos arms slightly curved, apically pointed; valva folded longitudi- 21 Triaxomera baldensis Petersen, nally in the middle, ventral and dorsal 1983 edges dentate, fused basally; phallus shorter than valva, one margin up to apex Triaxomera baldensis Petersen, 1983: 177, dentate. figs 3, 8–11. 34 chapter 3

Description. Wingspan 16–20 mm (♂), Distribution. Italy (Monte Baldo – 20–22 mm (♀). Head from cream-coloured type locality; Piemonte; Toscana). to golden, laterally above eyes darker. Bionomics. Freshly hatched moths Labial palp outside brown-grey, inside (June to July) of the type series were found cream-coloured, second segment with on very old rotten trunks and stumps of long bristles, third segment cream- Fagus, an indication that the larva lives on coloured, pointed. Scape cream-coloured, fungi or fungal mycelia. flagellum ringed: dark brown and cream- coloured scales. Legs brown-grey, tibiae and segments of tarsi apically cream- 22 Triaxomera marsica Petersen, 1984 coloured. Thorax and tegula brown, api- cally with cream-coloured scales. Forewing Triaxomera marsica Petersen, 1984: 141, brown, with four white patches with figs 1–5. smudged edges, two on costa at 1/2 and 3/4, two on dorsum at 1/3 and 2/3, some Description. Wingspan 15 mm (♂), 20 very small white dots on costa near base; mm (♀). Head golden brown, darker fringe with four white areas around apex around eyes. Flagellum ringed with brown and on termen. Hindwing grey-brown. and cream-coloured scales. Thorax dark Male genitalia. Uncus nearly brown, apically cream-coloured, tegula square, apically hardly notched; gnathos also dark brown, apically nearly white. arms narrow, clearly bent, apically pointed; Forewing brown with numerous white vinculum narrow, with short saccus; valva scales, forming a pattern similar to balden- shell-shaped, longitudinally folded, the sis. Hindwing dark brown. two margins slightly dentate, outer margin Male genitalia. Uncus nearly square, with additional fold; anellus apically with apically hardly notched; gnathos arms nar- two small points; phallus short, subapi- row, distally bent, points slightly curved, cally with one or some small teeth (see laterally with many small teeth; vinculum fig. 21a). narrow, with very short saccus; valva shell- Female genitalia. Segment VIII shaped, longitudinally folded, the two ven- with deep posterior excavation between tral margins clearly dentate; phallus short inward hooked edges, bristled; ostium and rather stout, basal part clearly sepa- hardly enlarged; ductus bursae and sig- rated and one side more strongly sclero- num typical for the genus. tised than the other, distal part not dentate, Variation. Sometimes the white anellus simple, ring-shaped. areas on forewings overlaid with brown Female genitalia. Segment VIII scales. strongly expanded laterally, apically Similar species. Distinguishable blunt, bristled; first part of ductus bursae from T. fulvimitrella by somewhat paler strongly sclerotised, remainder of ductus colouration of head and wings, and the bursae and signum characteristic for the more smudged white markings. More clear genus. differences can be found in the structure of Variation. No variation was found the genitalia. because of the few studied specimens. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 35

Similar species. Superficially similar Female genitalia. Segment VIII to T. baldensis. Clear differences are visible with distinctive structure, laterally with in the structure of the genitalia. Valva strongly sclerotised rounded process; with clearly dentate ventral margins, basal ostium truncate, with bristled, rounded part of phallus clearly separated, distal part edges; nearly the whole ductus bursae without dentate edge. In female ­genitalia with small spines, signum characteristic segment VIII strongly expanded laterally. for the genus. Distribution. Italy: Parco Nazionale Variation. Superficially the studied d’Abruzzo, M. La Rocca (type-locality) . specimens show no variation, in the Bionomics. The holotype was col- male genitalia the size and the shape of lected in August, the female paratype gnathos and subuncus is variable (see emerged in April of the next year from figs 23a–23c). Polyporus sp. on Fagus together with M. Similar species. Superficially clearly choragella. different from the other members of the genus by the veins of forewing overlaid with golden scales. 23 (Hübner, Distribution. All Europe; Turkey. In 1796) the Nearctic region known from Canada (“This is likely an introduced species.”) Tinea parasitella Hübner, 1796: 20. (Landry et al., 2013) Bionomics. Larvae in numerous fungi Description. Wingspan 17–21 mm. Head (Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr., Inonotus golden yellow, laterally with brown scales hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst., I. dryadeus above eyes. Labial palp brown, last seg- (Pers.: Fr.) Murrill, Piptoporus betulinus ment yellowish. Antenna brown. Thorax (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst., Bjerkandera adusta brown, mixed with golden yellow scales. (Willd.: Fr.) P. Karst., Stereum rugosum Forewing with a pattern of white and Pers.: Fr., S. hirsutum (Willd.: Fr.) Pers., brown blotches; the first half with more Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen : Fr.) Lloyd, T. white areas than the outer half; costa and gibbosa (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., Pleurotus ostreatus fringe with approximately 15 short white (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm.), Formitoporia stripes, veins overlaid with golden scales. robusta (P. Karst.) Frasson & Niemela, Hindwing grey, iridescent. Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.) Fr. (Records from Male genitalia. Uncus apically studied material as well as Chalmers-Hunt, hardly notched, rounded; gnathos arms 1995; Deutsch, 2003; Jaworski et al., 2014; broad, stout, apically with a bundle of long Rammert, 1989; Sims, 2001; Jaworski et al., bristles; above gnathos a subuncus; saccus 2011; Vetter, 1995; 1999; Zagulajev, 1964a). short and narrow; valva spatulate, with long Bettag & Bastian (1996) reared larvae from apodeme, basal and ventral edge more tree bark, invaded by fungal mycelia. strongly sclerotised than the remaining part Detailed information about morphology of the valva, ventrally with incision; phallus of pupa, phenology and parasites was simple, basally rounded, without dentate given by Vetter (1999). The larva was edges. described in detail by Hinton (1956). 36 chapter 3

Archinemapogon Zagulajev, 1962 Description. Wingspan 15–20 mm; Head, inside of the labial palp, antenna Archinemapogon Zagulajev, 1962a: 183. and thorax cream, scape and the outside Type species: Tinea laterella Thunberg, of labial palp brown. Forewing light grey 1794. with characteristic dark brown pattern: base of costa, with a prolongation as a lon- Description. The pattern of forewing gitudinal stripe to 1/2 in the cell, a second (some dark longitudinal stripes, one of them stripe from base below cell to 1/2, along curved, on light grey ground-colour) is char- costa numerous short stripes, in the apical acteristic for the genus and distinguish it half the stripes are larger, a stripe at 1/2 superficially from the other genera of the and a stripe before apex connected with subfamily. The colouration and the pattern curved brown stripe; fringe with two is similar to some species of the genus brown lines, interrupted with white. Dryadaula. The uncus with two pointed cor- Hindwing grey. ners is an apomorphy of the genus. Male genitalia. Uncus with two Distribution. Whole Palaearctic pointed, bristled corners; gnathos arms region. hardly curved, basally broad, narrowed to Bionomics. Larvae in bracket-fungi or the pointed tip; saccus long; valva folded, wood permeated with fungal mycelia. apically with bristled blunt tip, and with Remarks. The original description by more strongly sclerotised pointed tip, Zagulajev (1962a) is a valid description transtilla long; anellus shell-shaped; phal- according to ICZN 13.3, naming a new lus twice as long as valva, articulated in the genus and the type species. The detailed middle, apical half more strongly sclero- description of the genus was given later by tised than proximal half, with a long nar- Zagulajev (1962c: 1041). row, apically pointed process. Five species are known, but the validity Female genitalia. Segment VIII of three of them is still doubtful. In Europe around ostium with strongly sclerotised only the type species is known. edge, with two triangular bristled corners; ostium rounded, first quarter of ductus bur- sae more strongly sclerotised, the remain- 24 Koçak, der of ductus bursae with very small spines; 1981 signum an area of numerous small thorns. Variation. Some specimens are paler Archinemapogon yildizae Koçak, 1981: 15 coloured, the difference of the ground Tinea laterella Thunberg, 1794: 94; hom- colouration to the brown pattern is more onym of Tinea laterella Denis & contrasted; some specimens with broader Schiffermüller, 1775. brown stripes. Tinea picarella Hübner, 1796: Fig. 219; Similar species. Superficially similar homonym of Tinea picarella Clerck, to Dryadaula caucasica, but the much 1759. larger wingspan and the genitalia struc- Tinea arcuatella Stainton, 1854b: 11; tures distinguish A. yildizae. homonym of Tinea arcuatella Schrank, Distribution. From West (Great 1802. Britain) to North (Scandinavia, Baltic States, Systematic treatment of the genera and species 37

North European Russia, ) through Type species: Tinea emortuella Zeller, nearly all Central Europe, known from 1839. East Europe (Ukraine, European part of Russia), on Balkan Peninsula known from Description. The pattern of forewing is Romania and Greece, in South Europe characteristic for the genus (see descrip- known from Italy, France (mainland and tion of N. betulinella). Ductus bursae bears Corsica) and from Spain (Dantart et al. a ring of small scale-shaped sclerotisa- 2010). No records are known from tions, - a synapomorphy with the genus Mediterranian Islands (except Corsica). Nemapogon. Apomorphy: male genitalia Outside Europe known from Kazachstan ( with broad valva and a ventrally long and Anikin et al. 2000), Siberia, Mongolia and strongly bristled broad costal fold. Russian Far East Distribution. See under N. Bionomics. Larvae in Boletus sp., betulinella. Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst., Bionomics. Larvae in several fungi Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby : Fr.) P. Karst., (see under N. betulinella). Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr., F. marginatus (= Formitopsis pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) P. Karst.), Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., 25 Nemaxera betulinella (Paykull, Phellinus igniarius (L.: Fr.) Quél., P. tremulae 1785) (Bondartsev) Bondartsev & Borisov, Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill, Tinea betulinella Paykull, 1785: 57. Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst., Alucita betulinella Fabricius, 1787: 255 Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.) Fr., Ischnoderma (homonym). benzoinum (Wahlenb.) P. Karst. (Records Tinea concinnella Hübner, [1836]: 8. from studied material as well as Bettag & Tinea corticella Curtis, 1834: pl. 511 (nec Bastian 1996; Jaworski et al., 2011; Jaworski Linnaeus, 1758, nec Haworth, 1828) et al., 2014; Pelham-Clinton, 1985; Rammert, (homonym). 1989; Vetter, 1999; Zagulajev, 1964b). Review Tinea emortuella Zeller, 1839: 184. of the biology is given by Zagulajev (1964b). Pelham-Clinton (1985) notes (cited in Description. Wingspan 12–18 mm. Head Robinson, 2009), that larvae feed “on bracket brush cream. Labial palp inside cream, fungi on birch, Piptoporus betulinus or Fomes outside darker, apical segment cream, sec- fomentarius, when on the latter normally in ond segment with some long bristles. association with the tenebrionid beetle Antenna greyish brown. Thorax greyish Bolitophagus reticulatus, which may be nec- brown, basal edge paler, tegula basally essary to start the break-up of this very dark brown, in the middle brown, tip hard fungus before it can be used by the cream. Forewing broad, with a pattern of tineid.” dark and light brown scales on white ground: a brown triangular patch at 1/2 from dorsum to costa, tip of triangle at Nemaxera Zagulajev, 1964 dorsum, costa with some (five to six) short dark brown patches, two of them Nemaxera Zagulajev, 1964b: 186. connected with the brown triangle, area 38 chapter 3 before apex light brown, area from base to Bionomics. Larvae in several fungi brown triangle white, only with some light (Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst., brown scales; fringe light brown, inter- Stereum rugosum Pers.: Fr., S. hirsutum rupted with three white stripes Hindwing (Willd.: Fr.) Pers., Bjerkandera adusta dark grey. (Willd.: Fr.) P. Karst., Trametes gibbosa Male genitalia. Uncus broad, api- (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) cally nearly straight, with rounded edges; Fr.), Pseudochaete tabacina (Sowerby) T. gnathos arms curved at 1/3, apically blunt, Wagner & Fisch., Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) with very small thorns; inside uncus a wrin- Ryvarden, Formitoporia punctata (Pilát) kled area with very small thorns, reaching Murrill (Records from studied material, as gnathos arms; saccus narrow, pointed; valva well as Bettag & Bastian, 1996; Jaworski et with broad costal fold, ventrally with al., 2011; Jaworski et al., 2014; Rammert, numerous bristles, basal half of valva broad, 1989; Vetter, 1995; 1999). Detailed informa- apical half narrower, rounded, dorsal edge tion about morphology of pupa, phenol- with pointed tip at middle, apodeme nar- ogy and parasites was given by Vetter row; anellus shell-shaped; phallus as long as (1999). A compilation of the published uncus-tegumen-saccus, the basal third results concerning attraction by phero- somewhat broader than the other part. mones was published by El-Sayed (2012). Female genitalia. Ostium shield- shaped, proximally slightly notched, with two blunt bristled edges; segment VIII Nemapogon Schrank, 1802 strongly sclerotised; ductus bursae with a ring of some rows of small scales. Nemapogon Schrank, 1802: 167. Variation. In female genitalia the Type species: Phalaena granella ostium sometimes nearly truncate (see Linnaeus, 1758. fig. 25a). Brosis Hübner, 1822: 68, 71, 74, 75 (nec Similar species. Superficially distin- Brosis Billberg, 1820). guishable from the species of the genus Type species: Phalaena granella Nemapogon by an inverted brown triangu- Linnaeus, 1758. lar patch on forewings at 1/2 from dorsum Diaphtirusa Hübner, 1825: 404. to costa. Type species: Phalaena granella Distribution. Nearly all of East, Linnaeus, 1758. North and Central Europe, in the south Anemapogon Zagulajev, 1962a:183. only known from Slovenia, Italy and from Type species: Tinea quercicolella Croatia (unpublished record); outside Herrich-Schäffer, 1851. Europe known from the Caucasus region Paranemapogon Zagulajev, 1962a: 183. to Siberia. The announcement from Type species: Tinea fungivorella Portugal (Zerkowitz, 1946) is a misidentifi- Benander, 1938. cation of Ateliotum insulare (Rebel, 1896) Longiductus Zagulajev, 1962a: 183. (Corley, 2002). Type species: Tinea picarella Clerck, new record. Croatia: 1♂, Jartsobarsko, 1759. 26.-27.iv.2007, leg. et coll. J. Junnilainen. Petalographis Zagulajev, 1962a: 330. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 39

Type species: Nemapogon orientalis genus, whose detailed arguments justified Petersen, 1961. the incorporation of the generic names established by Zagulajev in his papers of Description. Middle-sized species, fore- 1962 and 1963 as synonyms of Nemapogon. wing mostly with brown, dark brown or Maybe, as a result of a phylogenetically black longitudinal and oblique stripes and based division of the genus, Petalographis patches on paler ground. Autapomorphies Zagulajev, 1962b (typical species orientalis in male genitalia: Valva with narrow longi- Petersen, 1961) could be used as subgenus tudinal fold to costa, edge not serrate, api- by having as autapomorphy a characteris- cally with strongly sclerotised tip and with tic structure of anellus (similar structures finger-shaped bristled process (digitus). can be seen in N. kashmirensis Robinson, Ventral lip of ostium mostly with elongate 1980 and N. diarthrota (Meyrick, 1936)). setae, with elongated tip, in some species Below the species are sorted according ostium notched, without elongate setae. to similarities in the structures of male Distribution. Palaearctic (more than and female genitalia. 50 species), Nearctic (12 species) and During recent years it has been estab- Oriental (5 species) regions. In Europe 38 lished that many species of the genus can species are known, although the specific be captured at pheromones for Sesiidae status of some species is doubtful. (see e.g. Svensson, 2008). It seems to be a Bionomics. Larvae are internal feed- new method to recognize the species ers in the persistent fruiting bodies of besides traditional methods of capturing bracket-fungi, notably Polyporaceae, and (use of light traps, rearing from fungi). in dead or decaying wood. All hitherto The following descriptions of the fore- known records show that larvae are fungi- wing patterns are based on fresh specimens. vorous, therefore it can be presumed that As the differences in pattern of forewings all members of the genus have similar life are often very small, an exact determina- history. Some species have become pests tion is in most cases possible only after of various stored products and distributed examination of the genitalia structures. worldwide. Remarks. The names Anemapogon, The following five species are character- Paranemapogon and Longiductus were ised by having a deeply excavated ventral used for the first time by Zagulajev (1962a). ostium lip in female genitalia. As he connected the new names with a type species, these short descriptions are the first descriptions of the genera accord- 26 Nemapogon nevadella (Caradja, ing to ICZN (1999). More detailed descrip- 1920) tions were given later for Anemapogon (Zagulajev, 1963a: 425) for Paranemapogon Tinea arcella nevadella Caradja, 1920: 168 (Zagulajev, 1964b: 339) and for Longiductus (Zagulajev, 1964b: 369). Description. Wingspan 10–16 mm. Head I follow the opinion of Petersen (1983) brush white, some dark grey scales above concerning the subgeneric division of the labial palp and antenna dark grey, scape 40 chapter 3 with approximately five bristles. Second phallus sometimes smaller, shell-shaped, segment of labial palp outside dark grey- sometimes thin (figs 26d–26i). brown, inside light cream, with several Similar species. Differences from N. bristles, last segment pointed, light cream. inconditella are the blunt hook of valva, Thorax white, tegula also white, basally the narrow lengthwise folded anellus in dark brown. Forewing white with dark males, and the shape of ostium and brown stripes and patches: with oblique absence of the circular sclerotisations dis- stripes on costa basally, at 1/4, and at 1/2, tal to ostium in females. the stripe at 1/2 crossing cell, the stripe at Distribution. From Iberian Peninsula 1/4 shortest, a patch before apex, under and the Balearic Islands through France to cell before 1/2 a short longitudinal stripe, Italy, including Sardinia. the white area between middle and apex Bionomics. Larvae feed in Pleurotus partly overlaid with light brown yellowish dryinus (Pers.: Fr.) P. Kumm., Inonotus his- scales; fringe with a narrow, sometimes pidus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst. (records from interrupted dark brown basal line, along studied material). Adults have been col- the white fringe a dark scale line. Hindwing lected from May to October. light grey, shining. Remarks. Figure 12 in Petersen (1957a) Male genitalia. Uncus concave, under the name “nevadellus” belongs to lobes rounded; vinculum vaulted in the Nemapogon agenjoi Petersen, 1957. The ♀ middle, saccus long, narrow; gnathos of Nemapogon hispanellus, described by arms basally thick, rounded, curved, Gozmány (1960: fig. 1B) belongs to with pointed tip; valva as long as uncus- nevadella. tegumen, apically with blunt hook, digi- tus exceeding valva;, anellus more or less narrow, folded lengthwise, rounded api- 27 Nemapogon inconditella (Lucas, cally; phallus 1.5 times longer than 1956) uncus-tegumen-saccus, articulated at 1/3, with a lateral solid pointed process Aristotelia inconditella Lucas, 1956: 255. at 3/4. Tinea buckwelli Lucas, 1956: 258. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Nemapogon heydeni Petersen, 1957a: 73, sis dish-shaped apically; ostium cup- figs 7–8. shaped, apically with crescent-shaped Nemapogon thomasi Capuşe, 1975: 66, sclerotisation, basally parallel-sided, tran- figs 1–2. sition to ductus bursae abruptly narrower, strongly sclerotised; below the corpus bur- Description. Wingspan 11–15 mm. Head sae a ring of approximately three rows of brush white, darker specimens with sclerotised thorn-shaped scales. cream-coloured head brush, above labial Variation. In adults the pattern some- palp grey-brown. Labial palp outside grey- times darker, the ground remains white. In brown, inside white, second segment api- male genitalia valva apically sometimes cally with some bristles, last segment pointed hook-like or straight rounded white. Antenna grey. Thorax white, tegula (figs 26b-26c), the pointed process on white too, basally dark grey-brown, darker Systematic treatment of the genera and species 41 specimens with thorax overlaid with dark “cup” (see fig. 26a) and figs 23–27 in grey scales. Forewing white, with pattern Gaedike (1986a). of dark grey-brown stripes and patches, Similar species. See under N. characteristic for the genus: a basal stripe nevadella. obliquely to cell, a short stripe on costa at Distribution. Nearly all Europe, in 1/4, a longer oblique stripe at 1/2 from Scandinavia known only from Denmark costa to cell, a stripe at costa before apex and Sweden, outside Europe known from and a patch below dorsum at 1/3, the white Morocco and from Turkey through areas more or less overlaid with dark Caucasus region, Kazakhstan to Siberia scales; fringe basally with dark scales. and China. Male genitalia. Uncus concave, Bionomics. Larvae feed in Coriolus lobes rounded; vinculum vaulted in the versicolor (= Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) middle, saccus long, narrow; gnathos arms Lloyd), Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.: Fr.) P. basally thick, at 1/3 curved apically, taper- Karst., Polyporus candicinus (Scop.) J. ing to pointed tip; valva as long as uncus- Schröt., P. sulphureus (= Laetiporus sulphu- tegumen-vinculum, apically with pointed reus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill), Pleurotus sp. hook, digitus exceeding tip of valva; anel- (records from studied material, as well as lus basally connected with valvae by dish- Rammert, 1989; Huisman & Koster, 1998), shaped sclerotisation, elongated, folded on dry fungi (Zagulajev, 1964b). In laterally, basally with sclerotised edge; Denmark the species was collected by phallus more than 1.5 times longer than using pheromone for Sesia apiformis valva, articulated at 1/3, central third more (Gregersen, pers. comm.). A compilation strongly sclerotised than the remainder, at of the published results concerning attrac- beginning of last third a strongly sclero- tion of pheromones is given by El-Sayed tised lateral process, scale-shaped or (2012) (under the name N. heydeni). Adults tooth-shaped. have been collected in Central Europe Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- between June and September, in South sis dish-shaped apically, distally a variable Europe between April and December. characteristic sclerotisation, arranged in two circles (see figs 28–34 in Gaedike, 1986); ostium deeply excavated, cup- 28 Nemapogon agenjoi Petersen, 1959 shaped, laterally connected with apophy- ses, basally parallel-sided, transition to Nemapogon agenjoi Petersen, 1959b: 45, ductus bursae abruptly narrower, strongly fig. 1. sclerotised; below the corpus bursae a ring Nemapogon hispanellus Gozmány, 1960: of approximately two or three scale rows. 105, fig. 1B. Variation. Darker specimens with more dark scales on forewings, on fringe a Description. Wingspan 8–15 mm. Head line of dark scales, the dark stripes at costa brush white, laterally and before labial more pronounced. In female genitalia the palp with grey-brown scales. Labial palp shape of ostium in some specimens with a outside grey-brown, inside cream- small narrow process in the middle of coloured, nearly white, second segment 42 chapter 3 apically with one bristle, last segment Variation. In male genitalia the shape cream-coloured. Antenna grey-brown, and the size of uncus are variable (see ventrally paler. Thorax and tegula basally figs 28b–28e), sometimes the tip of gna- grey-brown, apically white. Forewing thos arms is pointed. white, with pattern of dark grey-brown Similar species. Differences from stripes and patches, characteristic for the the species mentioned above are the phal- genus: base from costa to dorsum, a short lus without articulation, the short valva stripe on costa at 1/4, an oblique band and uncus with two distinct lobes in males from costa at 1/2 nearly to dorsum at begin- and the funnel-shaped ostium in females. ning of fringe, a patch on costa before Distribution. Iberian Peninsula, apex, a smaller patch below cell at 1/3, two France (incl. Corsica), Italy, outside short stripes between oblique band and Europe: Morocco (unpublished records). patch before apex, the remaining forewing new records. Morocco: 1♂, 1♀, Moyen area overlaid with scattered dark scales, Atlas, Forêt des Cedres, 1700m, 8.vii.1994, the whole wing looks more or less dark; leg. Stengel, coll. Derra; 1♀, Moyen Atlas, base of fringe and a scale-line on fringe Ifrane, 29.vi.1992, leg. F. Hahn, coll. dark. Hindwing light grey. Females with a Stübner; 1♂, Marakesch-Tensift-Al Haoune, brush of long thin scales at tip of Tahanaoute, 20.v.2005, leg. et coll. M. abdomen. Meyer. Male genitalia. Uncus with two Bionomics. Larval host unknown. blunt, short or longer lobes, more or less Adults have been collected from May to notched between them, laterally with September. slightly triangular angles; saccus as long as Remarks. In his 1957a published revi- uncus-vinculum complex, narrow; gnathos sion Petersen erroneously indicated fig. 12 arms basally broad, tapered to angle before as female of “nevadellus”. 1/2, after bend narrow to blunt tip; valva relatively short, digitus exceeding pointed tip of valva, anellus elongate triangular, 29 Nemapogon palmella (Chrétien, basally broad, narrower apically, laterally 1908) folded; phallus slightly longer than valva, base rounded, without articulation, with Tinea palmella Chrétien, 1908a: 363. very small sclerotisations in the vesica. Nemapogon (Tinea) oueddarella Amsel, Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- 1952b: 72, fig. 9. sis ends in a prolonged narrow sclerotisa- tion; ostium funnel-shaped, laterally con- Description. Wingspan 10–16 mm. Head nected with apophyses, apically truncate, brush yellowish cream-coloured, laterally transition to ductus bursae fine edged, neck with some darker scales. Labial palp strongly sclerotised; a longer part of duc- outside dark grey-brown, inside paler, tus bursae before corpus bursae with se­cond segment with approximately ten dense sclerotisations, without the ring of lateral bristles, tip of last segment paler. scale-rows characteristic for many mem- Antenna dark grey-brown. Thorax and bers of the genus. tegula dark grey-brown, thorax above neck Systematic treatment of the genera and species 43 and tip of tegula whitish. Forewing with hook-shaped pointed tip, the thick phallus dark grey-brown pattern, characteristic for without articulation in the male genitalia the genus: base from costa obliquely to and the ring of tooth-like sclerotisations in dorsum, a stripe on costa at 1/4, connected corpus bursae in female genitalia, which is with an elongate patch below cell, an known in the genus elsewhere only in N. oblique band from costa at 1/2 nearly to signatellus. dorsum at beginning of fringe, a patch on Distribution. Canary Islands and costa before apex, three smaller patches Greece (unpublished record), Outside on base of fringe, prolonged to tip of Europe known from Tunisia (unpublished fringe, a dark scale-line in fringe; the area record) and Morocco. between dark pattern yellowish, some- new records. Greece: 1♂, Ostpelo­ times more or less overlaid with darker or ponnes, Lagunengebiet bei Astros [east lighter brown scales. Hindwing shining Peloponnese, lagoon area near Astros], 12. light grey. ix.2002, leg. et coll. Baisch; Tunisia: 1♂, Prov. Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, Nabeul, Soliman area, Berj-Cedra, 5,-10. with rounded edges; saccus long, narrow; vii.2007, leg. B. Schacht, coll. Stübner. gnathos arms angled before 1/2, hook- Bionomics. Larvae feed on Polyporus shaped to pointed tip; valva short, broad, sp. (on Tamarix) (records from studied with long slightly hook-shaped pointed material, as well as R. Bläsius, pers. comm.); tip, digitus apically broadly rounded, Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis : Fr.) P. Karst., clearly exceeding tip of valva; anellus nar- Daldinia concentrica (Bolton : Fr.) Ces. & De row, band-shaped; phallus a little longer Not., Xantochrous tamaricis (= Inonotus tam- than valva, relatively thick, basally broad, aricis (Pat.) Maire) (Amsel, 1952b: descrip- apically narrower, without articulation. tion of the synonym Nemapogon (Tinea) Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- oueddarella). Adults have been collected on sis ends in prolonged narrow sclerotisa- Canary islands from March to October, in tion; ostium laterally connected with North Africa from April to September. apophyses, apically truncate, transition to ductus bursae fine edged, strongly sclero- tised; in corpus bursae a ring of numerous 30 Nemapogon reisseri Petersen & tooth-like sclerotisations. Gaedike, 1983 Variation. The pattern of freshly emerged specimens is darker, nearly black- Nemapogon reisseri Petersen & Gaedike, ish brown, the oblique band at 1/2 enlarged 1983: 276, figs 1–3, 14. and connected with patch below cell, apex dark, costa between 1/2 and apex with some Description. Wingspan 9–12 mm. Head short dark stripes on the yellowish area. In brush cream-coloured, laterally and female genitalia the shape of transition to between antennae with darker scales. ductus bursae is somewhat variable Labial palp outside grey-brown, inside (fig 29a). paler, second segment laterally with some Similar species. Unique for this spe- bristles, last segment light at tip. Thorax cies are the short, broad valva with long and tegula grey-brown, tip of tegula and 44 chapter 3 thorax paler. Forewing more or less with Distribution. Greece (incl. Crete and dark grey-brown pattern characteristic for several other smaller islands), Montenegro genus: base from costa obliquely to begin- (unpublished record), outside Europe ning of cell, a short stripe on costa at 1/4, a known from Turkey. longer band on costa at 1/2 to cell, a stripe new record. 1♂, Montenegro: before apex, other dark patches are situ- Fundina, 15.vi.2011, leg. et coll. I. Richter. ated at apex, along base of fringe, below bionomics. Larval host unknown. cell at 1/3; the remaining forewing area Adults have been collected from April to overlaid nearly completely with darker September. (light brown and brown) scales; on fringe a dark scale-line. Hindwing light grey. The following ten species are characterised Male genitalia. Uncus with a by having a mushroom-shaped ventral rounded sinus between rounded lateral ostium lip, which is excavated in some cases. lobes; gnathos arms with rounded broad base, angled at 1/3, angle pointed, apically narrower to pointed tip; saccus as long as 31 Nemapogon gravosaellus Petersen, uncus, narrow; valva broad, nearly round, 1957 with hook-shaped pointed tip, digitus nar- row, clearly exceeding tip of valvae; anellus Nemapogon gravosaellus Petersen, 1957a: basally edged, apically narrower, laterally 72, fig. 6. folded; phallus twice as long as valva, artic- Nemapogon borshomi Zagulajev, 1964b: ulated a little above base, below the tip a 248, figs 205–208. little broader and more strongly sclerotised, with very small sclerotisations in the vesica. Description. Wingspan 11–15 mm. Head Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- brush white, below eyes a row of dark thin sis ends in broad, nearly rectangular scales. Labial palp outside grey-brown, sclerotisation; ostium laterally connected inside white, second segment laterally with this sclerotisation, apically with nar- with some bristles, third segment pointed, row sclerotisation, parallel-sided funnel- tip whitish. Antenna dark grey, self- shaped; ductus bursae with a ring of coloured, scape with some bristles. Thorax approximately three rows of small thorns. white, tegula dark brown, with white tip. Variation. The shape of gnathos arms Forewing white with a dark brown, some- (figs 30a–30b) and of valva (fig 30c) are times nearly black pattern: an oblique somewhat variable. band from base nearly to dorsum, the last Similar species. In the genitalia third directed apically, a band at 1/2 from structure similar to the two preceding spe- costa obliquely to cell with a short projec- cies N. agenjoi and N. palmella, but shapes tion directed to the first band, short stripes of the uncus, the gnathos arms, the valva on costa at 1/3 and 2/3, a larger patch and the phallus are quite different. In before apex, the apex, a short dot on the female genitalia there are some similari- base of dorsum; fringe basally with an ties to N. palmella, but the lack of signa dis- edge of dark scales and dorsally with a tinguishes N. reisseri from it. dark scale line from apex. Hindwing grey. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 45

Male genitalia. Uncus with small Borkh. Adults have been collected from sinus between broadly rounded lobes; May to September. gnathos arms narrow, basally broadly rounded, angled before 1/2; saccus as long as uncus; valva stout, tip hook-shaped, dig- 32 Nemapogon arenbergeri Gaedike, itus long; anellus laterally folded, nearly 1986 triangular or trapeziform; phallus nearly twice as long as uncus-tegumen-saccus, Nemapogon arenbergeri Gaedike, 1986a: articulation after 1/2, apical part more 25, figs 35–38, 72–76. strongly sclerotised than basal part, with two strong sclerotised long thorns, situ- Description. Wingspan 12–15 mm. ated nearby, one always longer than the Superficially not reliably distinguishable other. from gravosaellus and anatolica, but Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- antenna ventrally paler than dorsally, sis ends in a narrow sclerotised prolonga- scape without bristles. Forewing with tion, basally connected with ostium; same pattern, only the dark brown oblique ostium lip apically with two long bristles, band from base nearly to dorsum inter- basally opened, dorsal part and beginning rupted before last third, ground-colour of ductus bursae strongly sclerotised, with mostly not so clear white. a lot of very small thorns; in ductus bursae Male genitalia. Uncus concave in a ring of approximately 5–7 rows of sclero- the middle, lobes pointed; gnathos arms tised rounded scales. basally broadly rounded, angled before 1/2, Variation. The white ground of fore- angle pointed; saccus somewhat shorter wings is sometimes overlaid with yellow- than uncus; valva oval, tip hook-shaped, ish brown or grey-brown scales, mainly digitus long, anellus apically deeply exca- before apex, sometimes nearly the entire vate, laterally folded, phallus twice as long forewing is overlaid with light brown as uncus-tegumen-saccus, articulated at scales. In males the size of the thorns on 1/2, the apical half more strongly sclero- phallus is somewhat variable (figs 31b-31d), tised, subapically with two adjacent in females the size of the ostium complex is strongly sclerotised long thorns, one thorn variable (Gaedike, 1986: figs 4–13). longer than the other. Similar species. Very similar to N. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- arenbergeri and N. anatolica, for differ- sis ends in a dish-shaped sclerotisation, ences see under N. arenbergeri. connected with ostium; ostium lip apically Distribution. From Italy through the with some bristles, basally with a well entire Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria, developed strongly sclerotised broad Romania to Ukraine, northwards through band; in ductus bursae a ring of three or Austria to Slovakia. Outside Europe known four rows of sclerotised scales. from Israel, Turkey and Georgia. Variation. There exist also specimens Bionomics. Larvae reared in Austria with forewings nearly entirely overlaid with (Lienz, leg. Kofler) from Inonotus hispidus grey-brown scales. In males the uncus is (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst. on Malus domesticus sometimes truncate (fig. 32a), in females the 46 chapter 3 shape of ostium lip is somewhat variable Male genitalia. Uncus with rounded and depends upon preparation (figs 32a-f). sinus between rounded lobes; gnathos Similar species. The differences arms basally broad, angled before 1/2, between this species and N. gravosaellus are angle blunt, apical part narrow, tip blunt; small. The bicoloured antenna without bris- saccus long, narrow; valva as long as uncus, tles on scape and the interrupted oblique tip blunt, digitus long; anellus band- dark band on forewing are the only charac- shaped, laterally edged; phallus nearly teristics which make it superficially possible twice as long as uncus-tegumen-saccus, to separate them. In the male genitalia the articulated at 1/2, apical half more strongly concave uncus, the gnathos arms with sclerotised, tip with some rows of very pointed angle and the apically excavate small thorns, at 3/4 with two strong sclero- anellus, in female genitalia the dish-shaped tised thorns, one longer than the other, connection of apophyses and the shape of insertions clearly separated. sclerotisation of ostium are differences. The Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- differences between N. arenbergeri and N. sis ends in band-shaped prolongation, anatolica are the self-coloured antenna, in connected with ostium; ostium lip ven- male genitalia the shape and size of thorns trally with some bristles, basally and at on phallus, the hook-shaped tip of valva, beginning of ductus bursae strongly and in female genitalia the shape of prolon- sclerotised; in ductus bursae a ring of three gations of apophysis and the size of scleroti- rows of sclerotised scales. sation at beginning of ductus bursae. Variation. In male genitalia the size of Distribution. Greece, West thorns is variable (Gaedike, 1986: figs 42–49). Macedonia, North East Greece, outside Similar species. Differences from N. Europe: Turkey (type locality). gravosaellus and N. arenbergeri see under Bionomics. Larval host unknown. N. arenbergeri. Adults were collected from May to July Distribution. Greece (mainland, (types), and in August and September in islands Rhodes, Samos, Lesvos), outside Greece. Europe known from Turkey (type locality) and Jordan (unpublished records). new records. Jordan: 2♀, Al Tafila, 33 Nemapogon anatolica Gaedike, Dhana Nat. Res., 1050m, 12.-15.v.2010, leg. R. 1986 & S. Fiebig, coll. Schmitz. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Nemapogon anatolica Gaedike, 1986a: 27, Adults have been collected from May to figs 39–49, 71. September.

Description. Wingspan 11–14 mm. Superficially not reliably distinguishable 34 Nemapogon arcosuensis Gaedike, from N. arenbergeri and N. gravosaellus. 2007 Antenna self-coloured, scape without bris- tles like N. gravosaellus. Pattern of fore- Nemapogon arcosuensis Gaedike, 2007: 161, wing the same as in N. arenbergeri. figs 2–3, 15–32. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 47

Description. Wingspan 12–14 mm. Head ductus more strongly sclerotised than the brush white, with some darker scales remainder. beyond labial palp and beside eyes. Labial Variation. In male genitalia the shape palp outside darker, inside whitish, second of gnathos arms and the shape of the large segment with some bristles. Scape darker tooth and triangular thorns on phallus are than the flagellum. Thorax and tegula variable (Gaedike, 2007: figs 16–17, 21–24). white, base of tegula nearly black. In female genitalia the shape of the ostium Forewing white with characteristic black and the first quarter of the ductus bursae pattern, typical of genus: large oblique are somewhat variable (Gaedike, 2007: stripe at 1/2, from costa to cell, obliquely figs 27–32). prolonged below cell, and connected with Similar species. The presence of stripe from base on costa, dot on costa darker scales on the head and the pattern before apex, some small dots along costa, of the forewings (connection of the black subapical area overlaid with scattered patches of the base of the costa through black scales; fringe white. Hindwing shin- the stripe below cell to the stripe at 1/2 on ing light grey. costa) may indicate this species. In male Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, genitalia the shape of the tooth on the api- slightly notched in the middle, lobes cal fourth of phallus and the numerous rounded; gnathos arms basally broad, very small thorns between tooth and apex angled at 1/3, angle blunt, apically narrow, clearly distinguishes N. arcosuensis from pointed; saccus narrow and long; apodeme the other members of N. gravosaellus- long and narrow, valva as long as saccus, group. The more strongly sclerotised first tip blunt, digitus broad, clearly exceeding quarter of ductus bursae in the female tip of valva; anellus shell-shaped, con- genitalia is characteristic for this species. nected with valvae by pointed, strongly Distribution. Italy: Sardinia (type sclerotised tip; phallus more than twice as locality). long as valva, basal half more strongly Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The sclerotised, with submedial articulation, adults were collected in June and July. in apical quarter with a strongly sclero- tised, long, slightly bent lateral tooth, opposite this (laterally) are one or two 35 Nemapogon cyprica Gaedike, 1986 smaller broad blunt and triangular thorns, surface from tooth to apex with numerous Nemapogon cyprica Gaedike, 1986a: 31, very small pointed thorns. figs 50–53, 62–66. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- sis ends in elongated sclerotised plate con- Description. Wingspan 10–15 mm. Head nected with edge of ostium; ostium lip brush cream-coloured, from neck to inser- mushroom-shaped, somewhat variable, tion of antennae, above eyes light brown apically with two long and two short bris- scales. Antenna grey-brown, scape ven- tles, inside with few very small short trally cream-coloured, with some bristles. thorns; ductus bursae below the ostium Labial palp outside grey-brown, inside with ring-shaped sclerotisation, first 1/4 of cream-coloured, second segment apically 48 chapter 3 with some bristles, last segment pointed, forewings. More distinct differences are tip cream-coloured. Thorax cream- visible in the structure of the genitalia. coloured, tegula basally grey-brown. The gnathos arms with clear pointed Forewing cream-coloured, with dark grey- angle edge and phallus with the long brown pattern, characteristic for the narrow tooth-like process in the male gen- genus: the area between oblique stripe at italia and the low mushroom-shaped 1/2 and the dark patch before apex over- ostium lip in the female genitalia are laid with numerous dark scales, the dark characteristic. patch reaches dorsum from beginning of Distribution. Cyprus (type locality), fringe to 1/2 of termen; fringe with scat- and unpublished records from Greece: tered dark scales. Hindwing light grey. Crete. Male genitalia. Uncus notched, new records. Greece: Crete: 1♀, W. lobes rounded; gnathos arms with rounded Omalos, 1200m, 25.-30.vi.2000, leg. P. base, angled before 1/2, angle pointed, api- Svendson et al., ZMUC; 1♀, Psychra, 900m, cal half narrow, slightly curved, with 19.vii.1960, leg. H. Reisser, ZSM; 1♀, Silva pointed tip; saccus as long as uncus, very Ruova, Ida, 27.vii.1957, leg. H. Reisser, ZSM; narrow; valva (without apodeme) as long 1♀, Kandanas, 22.vii.1960, leg. H. Reisser, as saccus, terminating in blunt rounded SMNK. tip, digitus long; anellus nearly rhomboid, Bionomics. Larval host unknown. edges folded; phallus clearly longer than Adults have been collected from May to uncus-tegumen-saccus, articulated at 1/2, August. apical half more strongly sclerotised than basal half, with one long narrow tooth-like lateral process at 3/4. 36 Nemapogon hungaricus Gozmány, Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- 1960 sis ends in elongated sclerotised plate con- nected with edge of ostium; ostium lip low Nemapogon hungaricus Gozmány, 1960: mushroom-shaped, apically with two long 105, fig. 2A. and two short bristles, inside with few very Nemapogon pliginskii Zagulajev, 1963b: small short thorns; ductus bursae below 375, fig. 3. the ostium more strongly sclerotised than the remainder. Description. Wingspan 9–14 mm. Head Variation. The studied specimens brush white, few darker scales above palp show no variation superficially, In male and laterally, Labial palp outside dark grey- genitalia phallus sometimes with two long brown, inside white, second segment api- narrow tooth-like processes (fig. 35a). In cally with some bristles, last segment female genitalia ostium lip somewhat vari- pointed, tip whitish. Antenna grey-brown, able (Gaedike, 1986a: figs 63–66). ventrally paler. Thorax white, tegula white, Similar species. Superficially distin- basally dark grey-brown. Forewings white, guishable from the other species by with dark brown pattern, characteristic for having cream-coloured head brush the genus: the oblique stripe from base and cream-coloured ground-colour of below cell is not connected with the oblique Systematic treatment of the genera and species 49 stripe from dorsum at 1/2, at costa, between Hungary and to Slovakia. Outside Europe base and 1/2 one short patch, between 1/2 known from Turkey. and before the dark dot before apex two Bionomics. Larval host unknown. short dark patches, the area before apex Adults have been collected from June to nearly completely overlaid with light brown September. scales, the other white parts overlaid with scattered light brown scales; base of fringe with brown scales, subapically a line of 37 Nemapogon fungivorella grey-brown scales. Hindwings light grey. (Benander, 1939) Male genitalia. Uncus apically con- vex, lobes rounded; gnathos arms with Tinea fungivorella Benander, 1939: 117 broader rounded base, hook-shaped, not clearly angled, pointed; saccus twice as Description. Wingspan 10–11 mm long as uncus, narrow, tip rounded; valva (males), 15–18 mm (females). Head brush oval terminating in a long rounded tip, cream-coloured. Labial palp outside grey- digitus long, broad; anellus band-shaped, ish brown, inside cream-coloured, proxi- laterally edged; phallus nearly twice as mal half of last segment cream-coloured, long as uncus-tegumen-saccus, articula- pointed, second segment with approxi- tion around 1/2, apical half somewhat mately ten bristles. Antenna greyish more strongly sclerotised, laterally with a brown. Thorax cream-coloured, tegula long lanceolate pointed process. basally grey-brown. Forewing white, with Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- brown pattern characteristic for the genus: sis ends in elongated sclerotised plate base of costa, an oblique stripe from costa connected with edge of ostium lip; ostium at 1/4 to cell, a second one, broader and lip mushroom-shaped, with two long straighter at 1/2, a narrow stripe, from end and two short bristles; ostium basally of cell nearly to apex, between it and the more strongly sclerotised than apically; second stripe two short patches, the area ductus bursae below ostium more strongly between the oblique stripes and around sclerotised. the apical stripe overlaid with lighter Variation. The studied specimens brown scales, dorsum from base to begin- show no variation superficially, In female ning of fringe with numerous very short genitalia ostium lip somewhat variable brown lines; fringe white, in the basal half (Gaedike, 1986: figs 14–22). with dark brown scales, in the middle a Similar species. Superficially not thin yellowish brown line. Hindwing grey. clearly distinguishable from the other spe- Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, cies of this species-group, but the species lobes rounded; gnathos arms broad, hook- can be safely determined according to the shaped, before the rounded tip bent male genitalia structures: very long saccus upward, connected with granulate struc- and phallus with long lanceolate process. ture; saccus as long as uncus, tip rounded; Distribution. Italy (with Sardinia) valva short, basally broad, terminating in a through entire Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria, straight rounded tip, digitus much longer Romania to Ukraine, northwards up to than valva, apodeme half of the length of 50 chapter 3 digitus; anellus with two pointed tips; Nemapogon nevellus Zagulajev, 1963b: phallus as long as valva + apodeme, with- 373, figs 1–2; syn. n. out articulation. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Description. Wingspan 10–16 mm. Head ses end connected with edge of ostium lip; brush cream-coloured, laterally, from ostium lip rounded, cup-shaped, with above eyes to base of labial palp darker some long bristles; ostium and ductus bur- grey-brown. Second segment of labial palp sae from ostium to the ring of scales more outside grey-brown, inside cream- strongly sclerotised than the remainder of coloured, with bristles, last segment ductus bursae. pointed, apically cream-coloured. Antenna Variation. Sometimes the pattern of greyish brown. Thorax dark grey-brown, forewings is nearly completely overlaid tegula apically cream-coloured. Forewing with light brown scales. with a pattern of cream-coloured, paler Similar species. Superficially distin- brown and dark brown scales: the dark guishable by having less rich contrasts in the brown scales form the characteristic pat- pattern, but more reliable differences are tern of the genus (base, oblique stripe on visible in the structure of the genitalia. The costa to cell at 1/4, straighter stripe on short valva with the very long digitus, the costa at 1/2 to cell, patch before apex), the hook-shaped and bent upward gnathos two stripes connected below cell with a arms and the phallus without articulation, dark patch through paler brown area, the shape of ostium and the long sclerotised between stripe at 1/2 and patch before ductus bursae make this species distinguish- apex at costa two shorter dark patches, able from the other species of the genus. area around the dark patches with paler Distribution. North and Central brown scales, mixed with whitish parts, Europe, southwards to Slovakia, eastwards also brown are apex and base of fringe; to European part of Russia and Ukraine. fringe overlaid with brown scales, with two Bionomics. Larvae found only in white stripes before and below the middle Daedalea quercina (L.: Fr.) Pers. (Records of termen. Hindwings grey. from studied material as well as, e.g. Male genitalia. Uncus with two Jaworski et al., 2014; Rammert, 1989; Vetter, short, pointed lobes; gnathos arms basally 1999). Adults in Central Europe have been broad rounded, angled at 1/2, the angle collected from May to August. prolonged and pointed, with pointed tip; Remarks. The examined collections saccus narrow, with rounded tip; valva as nearly always contain many more females long as uncus, terminating in a straight than males. rounded process, digitus clearly longer than valva; anellus with two rounded lobes; phallus as long as uncus-tegumen- 38 (Haworth, complex, without articulation. 1828) Female genitalia. Ostium lip later- ally connected with panel-shaped ends of Tinea cloacella Haworth, 1828: 563. the anterior apophyses, these two panels Tinea infimella Heydenreich, 1851: 79. are separated by a narrow slit, broader Systematic treatment of the genera and species 51 immediately above ostium; ostium lip api- : Fr.) J. Schröt., Datronia mollis (Sommerf.: cally convex, the lateral connections and Fr.) Donk, Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) P. the edges more strongly sclerotised than Karst., Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.: Fr.) P. the remainder of ostium; the apical part of Karst., B. fumosa (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karst., segment VIII with a variable, but always Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst., visible granulate sclerotisation. Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill, Variation. Superficially forewing colou- Antrodia serialis (Fr.: Fr.) Donk, Polyporus ration varies sometimes from paler to radiatus (= Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby : darker brown, in male genitalia gnathos Fr.) P. Karst.), Polyporus. tsugae (= arms variable in shape (figs 38b–38e), In Ganoderma tsugae Murill), Fomes fomen- female genitalia ostium lip sometimes tarius (L.: Fr.) Fr., Tyromyces stipticus (Pers.: vaulted in the middle (figs 39a–39b), the Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar. The species has become apical part of segment VIII with a a pest on stored cereals, dried plant prod- variable, but always visible granulate ucts (records from studied material as well sclerotisation. as Chalmers-Hunt, 1995; Jaworski et al., Similar species. Only fresh speci- 2014; Sims, 2001; Vetter, 1999). Compilation mens are distinguishable from the follow- about biology and a list of known parasites ing species by having a lighter brown are given by Zagulajev (1964b; 1981). colouration of forewings. Clear differences Detailed information about morphology are visible in the structures of the genitalia of pupa, phenology and parasites was (males: uncus with two pointed lobes, given by Vetter (1999). compact and angled gnathos arms with Remarks. Zagulajev described N. nev- distinct pointed angle, saccus long and ellus from one female specimen. It is narrow, anellus with two lobes, females labelled: “18 VI [19]17 Ozerki [environs of with ostium apically convex, a narrow slit St. Peterburg], leg. P. Slaschtschevskij”. The above ostium). structure of female genitalia is closely Distribution. All Europe (from related to cloacella, the prolonged tip in Portugal is known only one record the middle is an extreme variation. This is (Vieilledent, 1905), but the specimen has why Nemapogon nevellus Zagulajev, 1963 is not been found and it can be assumed this synonymised with Nemapogon cloacella is a misidentification of another species) (Haworth, 1828). outside Europe known from nearly the entire Palaearctic region. Introduced into the Nearctic region (Canada) (Landry et 39 Nemapogon koenigi Capuşe, 1967 al., 2013). Bionomics. Larvae in numerous spe- Nemapogon koenigi Capuşe, 1967a: 109, cies of fungi, e. g. Stereum hirsutum (Willd.: figs 1–5. Fr.) Pers., S. sanguinolentum (Alb. & Tinea albipunctella Haworth, 1828: 564; Schwein.: Fr.) Fr., S. rugosum Pers.: Fr., homonym of Tinea albipunctella Denis & Trametes gibbosa (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., T. versi- Schiffermüller, 1775. color (L.: Fr.) Lloyd, Daedalea quercina (L.: Nemapogon wolffiella Karsholt & Fr.) Pers., Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton Nielsen, 1976: 151, syn. n. 52 chapter 3

Description. Wingspan 11–15 mm. Head cloacella is in fresh condition more or less brush cream-coloured, the part from neck cream-brown coloured. Clear differences to antennae somewhat darker yellowish, are seen in the genitalia structures (see laterally and above palp grey. Labial palp under N. cloacella). inside light cream-coloured, outside grey- Distribution. Nearly all North, Central ish, second segment with bristles; last seg- and South Europe, but no records from ment pointed. Thorax and tegula dark Iberian Peninsula, and in the Balkan Penin­ brown, tip of tegula lighter. Forewing dark sula known only from Bulgaria (Capuşe & brown to nearly black, with white pattern: a Gogov, 1966), Romania (Capuşe, 1967) and small dot at costa near base, an oblique from Slovenia, outside Europe known stripe on costa before 1/2 to cell, a patch at from Caucasus region (Georgia, Armenia). 2/3 to end of cell, overlaid in the middle by Bionomics. Larva feeds on Hypoxylon light brown scales and two small stripes rubiginosum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. (reared between the patch and apex, one patch Hausenblas); Hypoxylon multiforme (Fr.: under cell at 1/4, and one patch on dorsum Fr.) Fr. (Heckford, 1997; Langmaid, 1998; at beginning of fringe; fringe in the first half Sims, 1998a; 1998b; 2001). with a line of dark brown scales, interrupted The males are attracted to the phero- by three white stripes. Hindwing grey. mone produced by the sesiid Synanthedon Male genitalia. Uncus with two very andrenaeformis (Bengtsson, 2008). A com- short, more or less blunt lobes; gnathos pilation of the published results concern- arms narrow, basally rounded, with ing attraction by pheromones is given by pointed tip, at 1/2 angled, the angle El-Sayed (2012) (under the name N. pointed; saccus short, broad, with very albipunctella). small tip; valva as long as uncus, terminat- Similar species. Only fresh adults ing in rounded process, digitus clearly lon- (forewing dark brown to nearly black, with ger than valva, anellus rounded, vaulted; white pattern) are clearly distinguishable phallus as long as uncus-tegumen-com- from N. cloacella without examination of plex, without articulation. the genitalia. The differences in genitalia Female genitalia. Ostium lip later- are: uncus with two short, blunt lobes, ally connected with panel-shaped end of narrow gnathos arms without prolonged the anterior apophysis, the two panels are angle, short and broad saccus, rounded separated by broad slit above ostium; and vaulted anellus; females with apically ostium lip apically straight, the lateral con- straight ostium and a broad slit above nections and the edges more strongly ostium with granulate sclerotisation. sclerotised than the other part of ostium; Remarks. As it was impossible to the slit with a granulate sclerotisation. locate the Capuşe collection, the only way Variation. The studied specimens for the interpretation of N. koenigi was show no variation. from the original description. Comparison Similar species. The dark brown to of the original description and the fig- nearly black colouration of thorax and ures 1–5 in Capuşe (1967) shows that tegula and forewing with a white pattern is the specimen described as koenigi, is the only seen in fresh specimens, whereas N. same, which has hitherto been known Systematic treatment of the genera and species 53 under the name wolffiella Karsholt & connected with edges of ostium lip; ostium Nielsen, 1976. The only visible difference to lip apically slightly convex, together with the characteristic structure is the shape of the first part of ductus bursae more strongly phallus with a minute dentate subapical sclerotised, tergite of segment VIII con- sclerotisation. As the name wolffiella was nected with ductus by sclerotised band. the replacement name for Tinea albipunc- Variation. Superficially the studied tella Haworth, 1828 (nec Denis & specimens show no variation, in male gen- Schiffermüller, 1775), Nemapogon koenigi italia the shape of apical part of valvae is Capuşe, 1967 now has to be the replace- somewhat variable (fig. 40a). ment name for N. albipunctella (Haworth, Similar species. The genitalia struc- 1828). ture makes the species distinguishable from other members of the genus: uncus with rounded edges, gnathos arms with 40 Nemapogon scholzi Sutter, 2000 prolonged pointed angle, valva with hooked apex, phallus with minute tooth; Nemapogon scholzi Sutter, 2000: 427, segment VIII in female connected with figs 1–5. ductus by sclerotised band. Distribution. Hitherto known only Description. Wingspan 11–14 mm. Head from the type localities Greece: Zakynthos brush cream-coloured, laterally from neck Islands and Crete. to antennae darker. Labial palp light grey- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. brown, inside paler than outside, second Adults were collected at light in June (Crete) segment with bristles, last segment and in September (Zakynthos Islands). pointed Thorax and tegula grey-brown. Forewing dark grey-brown, with a pattern The following two species are character- of some small yellowish dots at costa from ised superficially by a clear pronounced 1/2 to apex, at dorsum near base and before dark brown pattern on forewings. In male beginning of fringe; fringe cream-coloured. genitalia phallus is longer than the entire Hindwings light grey. genital apparatus, in female genitalia Male genitalia. Uncus concave, ostium lip is arrow- or bottleneck-shaped. with rounded edges; gnathos arms broadly rounded basally, the apical half very nar- row, with pointed tip, with a prolonged 41 (Clerck, 1759) pointed angle; saccus short, triangular, with pointed tip; valva oval, terminating in Tinea picarella Clerck, 1759: pl. 10, fig. 15. small hook, apically with small tooth; anel- Tinea rigaella Sodoffsky, 1830: 68. lus with deep sinus between two pointed Scardia acerella Treitschke, 1832: 8. tips; phallus as long as uncus-tegumen- Tinea riganella Zeller, 1839: 184; complex, with articulation at 1/3, subapi- misspelling. cally with a very small tooth. Female genitalia. Anterior Description. Wingspan 13–16 mm. Head apophysis ends in panel-shaped plate, brush white. The first two segments of 54 chapter 3 labial palp dark brown outside, white Corsica (Rungs, 1988) and Slovakia, out- inside, second segment with some bristles, side Europe recorded from Morocco last segment pointed, white, Scape white, (unpublished record), from Caucasus flagellum greyish, underside white. Thorax region, Kazachstan and from Russian Far white, tegula brown at base, white at apex. East. Forewing white with dark brown pattern: new record. Morocco: 1♀, Moyen on costa to cell at 1/2 a large patch, basally Atlas, Ifrane, 1650m, 15.-30.vi.1939, leg. C. prolonged to base, distally connected with Rungs; MNHN. an additional broad stripe to apex, three Bionomics. Larva feeds on Inonotus small dots on costa between 1/2 and apex, radiatus (Sowerby: Fr.) P. Karst. (records dorsum basally with stripe, an oblique from studied material). Compilation about brown stripe below cell at 1/3, at tornus a biology is given by Zagulajev (1964b). small dot; fringe with two brown scale lines. Hindwing grey. Male genitalia. Uncus with two 42 Nemapogon nigralbella (Zeller, short, blunt lobes; gnathos arms angled at 1839) 1/2, basal half a little broader than apical half, with pointed tip; saccus as long as Tinea nigralbella Zeller, 1839: 184. uncus-tegumen, with rounded tip; valva with apodeme as long as uncus-tegumen- Description. Wingspan 13–19 mm. Head saccus, terminating in narrow rounded brush white, sometimes cream-coloured. process, digitus exceeds valva; anellus The first two segments of labial palp more ring-shaped, with deep sinus in the mid- or less brown outside, white inside, second dle; phallus four times as long as uncus- segment apically with some bristles, last tegumen-saccus, the articulation at 3/4, segment white, pointed. Scape white, the apical quarter broader than the flagellum greyish, on underside white. remainder, with some very small pointed Thorax and tegula white, only base of cornuti. tegula dark brown. Forewing white with Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- distinct dark brown pattern: an oblique oris ends in panel-shaped parts of segment stripe from base of costa to cell, which is VIII; ostium lip arrowhead-shaped, apex connected with a second stripe from base truncate, edges rounded, basal half with at dorsum, a large oblique stripe from more strongly sclerotised edges; in ductus costa at 1/2, fused with a brown area on bursae a ring of 4 - 6 rows of scales. base of fringe to apex, four dots between Variation. Sometimes the dark brown 1/2 and the brown apex, an oblique stripe pattern on forewings is dominant, the on costa at 1/4, an oblique stripe on dor- white area between 1/2 and apex overlaid sum at 1/4; fringe overlaid with light brown with brown scales. scales, interrupted by four white trans- Similar species. Differences from N. verse stripes. Hindwing grey. nigralbella see under that species. Male genitalia. Uncus more or less Distribution. North and Central rounded, only indications of two very Europe, southwards to France (with small lobes; gnathos arms basally broad, Systematic treatment of the genera and species 55 rounded, angled at 1/2, apical half narrow, of known parasites is given by Zagulajev pointed; saccus as long as uncus-tegumen, (1964a). narrow; valva (with apodeme) clearly shorter than uncus-tegumen-saccus, ter- The following nine species are character- minating in pointed tip; anellus ring- ised by female genitalia having an ostium shaped, with broad sinus in the middle; lip with a more or less long terminal pro- phallus rather more than three times as cess with some long bristles. long as uncus-tegumen-saccus, articula- tion at 4/5, the apical fifth more strongly sclerotised than the remainder, with indi- 43 Nemapogon gliriella (Heyden, 1865) cation of cornuti-like sclerotisations. Female genitalia. Apophysis Tinea gliriella Heyden, 1865: 102. anterioris ends in spoon-shaped plate, Anemapogon cachetiellus Zagulajev, ostium lip bottleneck-shaped, apex trun- 1963a: 429, fig. 4. cate, with rounded edges, basal part with Anemapogon cacheticus Zagulajev, more strongly sclerotised sides; ductus 1964a: 326; misspelling. bursae with ring of nearly ten rows of Longiductus ibericus Zagulajev, 1968b: scales. 348, fig. 18. Variation. The studied specimens show no variation. Description. Wingspan 11–14 mm. Head Similar species. Superficially distin- brush whitish, light cream-coloured, guishable from picarella by having a distinc- around antennae light brown. The first tive dark brown pattern. In male genitalia two segments of labial palp outside brown, uncus without clear lobes, gnathos arms inside whitish, second segment with some longer, narrower, saccus longer, valva termi- bristles, last segment whitish, pointed. nating in pointed tip, phallus only some- Antenna greyish brown. Thorax cream- what more than three times longer than coloured, tegula grey-brown. Forewing uncus-tegumen-saccus. In female genitalia whitish with a brown pattern: base of anterior apophysis ending in spoon-shaped costa, a broad short stripe on costa at 1/3, a plate, ostium bottleneck-shaped, ductus stripe on costa at 1/2, reaching cell, three bursae with more scale rows. short stripes from 1/2 to apex, the apical Distribution. Nearly all Europe, in half of forewing nearly completely overlaid southern Europe no records from Portugal with light brown scales, basal half between and from Italy, in Balkan Peninsula only cell and dorsum more or less whitish; fringe from Slovenia, Croatia, and Greece, east- at base with brown scales and in the mid- wards from Romania through Ukraine to dle with brown line. Hindwings light grey. European part of Russia. Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, Bionomics. Larva feeds on Polyporus with rounded edges; gnathos arms basally sp.; Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby: Fr.) P. rounded, angled at 1/2, angle with pointed Karst. (records from studied material) and tip, apically divided into two short points; Fomes fomentarius L.: (Fr.) Fr. (Buhl et al, saccus narrow, as long as uncus; valva with 2011). Compilation about biology and a list curved, nearly triangular apex, edges more 56 chapter 3 strongly sclerotised, digitus only extend- 44 Nemapogon sardicus Gaedike, 1983 ing a little beyond apex of valvae; phallus more than 2.5 times longer than uncus- Nemapogon sardicus Gaedike, 1983b: 161, tegumen-saccus, articulation at 3/4, the figs 1–5. last quarter more strongly sclerotised, Nemapogon similella Gaedike, 2007: 162, apex with tooth-like lateral process, vesica figs 4–5, 33–38; syn. n. with some very small cornuti. Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- Description. Wingspan 11–15 mm. Head oris ends in panel-shaped part of ventral brush white. First two segments of labial segment VIII; ostium lip basally bulb- palp outside grey-brown, inside white, sec- shaped, medially a long narrow process ond segment with some bristles, last seg- with some long bristles on rounded apex; ment white, pointed. Antenna grey-brown, area between the panel-shaped parts and scape with some bristles. Thorax white, around process of ostium lip with granular tegula dark brown, apically white. sclerotisations. Forewing white with dark brown pattern: Variation. The studied specimens base on dorsum, obliquely prolonged to show no variation. The somewhat variable base of cell, a short stripe on dorsum at 1/4, shape of male genitalia, especially the an oblique stripe at 1/2 from dorsum to apex of valva, depends on preparation. cell, a stripe on dorsum before apex, a Similar species. Readily distinguish- patch below cell at 1/3, and a little dot at able from the other species of this species- beginning of fringe; some dark scales on group in the genitalia structures. Males: base of fringe and a dark scale line in the gnathos arms with pointed tip at angle, middle of fringe. Hindwing white. apically with two points, valva with curved Male genitalia. Uncus apically with triangular apex, phallus extremely long, rounded edges, with shallow sinus in the apically with tooth-like process. Females: middle; gnathos arms with broad rounded basally bulb-shaped ostium lip and granu- base, angled before 1/2, apical half narrow, lar sclerotisations around ostium lip. pointed; narrow pointed saccus with a Distribution. North (Sweden) and sinus at either side of base; valva shorter Central Europe, South European Russia, than uncus-tegumen-saccus, terminating outside Europe known from Turkey, in blunt rounded apex, digitus narrow; Georgia, Armenia. anellus laterally folded, basally broad; Bionomics. Larvae in Stereum rugo- phallus twice as long as uncus-tegumen- sum Pers.: Fr., S. hirsutum (Willd.: Fr.) Pers. saccus, articulated at 1/2, apical half more (records from studied material as well as strongly sclerotised, with strong hook- Bettag, 1995; Bettag & Bastian, 1996; Vetter, shaped lateral tooth before apex. 1999). Adults have been collected between Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- June and August. oris ends in spoon-shaped plate, subapi- Remarks. The distribution of this spe- cally connected with lateral edges of cies is probably wider than the records ostium lip; ostium lip more or less triangu- suggest. lar, apically truncate, in the middle with Systematic treatment of the genera and species 57 short truncated process with two long segment cream-coloured, pointed. bristles, basally narrower, more strongly Antenna grey. Thorax white, tegula white, sclerotised. basally dark brown. Forewing white with Variation. Sometimes forewing is dark brown pattern: base of costa, a stripe overlaid with more dark brown scales, at 1/2 from costa to cell, additionally some the ground-colour is more or less (four to five) short stripes on costa and an cream-coloured. elongate dot below cell at 1/3, the white Similar species. Distinguishable area in the last quarter more or less cov- from N. gliriella and N. hispanica by the ered with yellowish scales, scattered genitalia structures with the strong hook- darker scales are visible on the other white shaped tooth on phallus and the elongated parts of forewings, some dark brown scales laterally folded anellus in males, and by on dorsum at beginning of fringe and on the more or less triangular ostium lip in fringe around apex. Hindwing light grey. females. Male genitalia. Uncus with wide Distribution. In Europe known only sinus between two rounded lobes; gnathos from Italy (Sardinia), outside Europe arms basally broadly rounded, angled known from Morocco, Algeria and before 1/2, terminal half narrow, with Tunisia. pointed tip; vinculum terminally deeply Bionomics. Larval host unknown. excavated, with strongly sclerotised edges, Adults have been collected in Sardinia saccus long, narrow, with pointed tip; valva from June to November, in North Africa (with apodeme) nearly as long as uncus- from March to July. tegumen-saccus, terminating in more or Remarks. The examination of more less pointed apex, digitus basally narrow, specimens of N. sardicus and a compari- with rounded apex; anellus basally broad, son with specimens of N. similella shows, with sclerotised edge, laterally folded, api- that they belong to the same taxon. cally narrower, truncate; phallus nearly Nemapogon similella is a new synonym of twice as long as uncus-tegumen-saccus, N. sardicus. articulated at 1/2, apical half narrow, sub- apically with a strongly sclerotised pro- cess, terminating in an incurved hook, and 45 Nemapogon hispanica Petersen & in a shorter tooth. Gaedike, 1992 Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- oris ends in panel-shaped plate, ostium lip Nemapogon hispanica Petersen & Gaedike, funnel-shaped, the lateral edges con- 1992: 333, figs 1–5. nected with the apophyses, apically with a long narrow process, truncated, with two Description. Wingspan 11–15 mm. Head long bristles, base of ostium lip more brush white, above eyes some darker strongly sclerotised; below process an area scales. The first two segments of labial with minute sclerotisations. palp outside greyish, inside cream- Variation. No variation was found coloured, second segment bristled, last because of the few studied specimens. 58 chapter 3

Similar species. In the male genita- pattern, similar to the previous species, lia the deep excavated vinculum with the entire wings overlaid with numerous strongly sclerotised edges and the shape of paler brown scales; fringe with two dark the sclerotised process on phallus, in scale-lines. Hindwing light grey. female genitalia the funnel-shaped ostium Male genitalia. Uncus more or less lip distinguish this species from N. truncate, edges rounded; gnathos arms in sardicus. basal half broad, at 1/2 angled, last half nar- Similar to Nemapogon grossi Gaedike, rower, pointed; vinculum with a sinus each 2007, known from Turkey, but head brush side of the long saccus; valva clearly shorter ln N. grossi is cream-coloured, in male gen- than uncus-tegumen-saccus, terminating italia uncus truncate with deep narrow in more or less straight apex, rounded at sinus in the middle, gnathos arms without tip; anellus shell-shaped, with short bris- distinct angle, saccus shorter, with tles; phallus as long as valva, without artic- rounded tip, valva with hook-shaped apex, ulation, basally rounded, in last third with the lateral subapical process on phallus strong sclerotised short lateral teeth. with two pointed tips. Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- Distribution. Spain (Huesca, Teruel, oris ends in narrow prolonged plate; Cuenca, Burgos, Salamanca, Castilla y ostium lip arrowhead-shaped, the apical Léon, Granada). process of various length, ostium lip Bionomics. Larval host unknown. basally more strongly sclerotised; corpus Adults have been collected from June to bursae with a sclerotised ring with small August. acute or blunt teeth. Variation. In male genitalia the num- ber of short teeth varies from one to three 46 Nemapogon signatellus Petersen, (figs 46a-46g). In female genitalia fig- 1957 ures 46a-46b show variation of the ostium lip, the figures 46c-46d show various views Nemapogon signatellus Petersen, 1957a: 80, of sclerotised ring in corpus bursae. fig. 20. Similar species. Distinguishable Nemapogon gravosaellus sensu from the other members of this group of Gozmány, 1960: 104, fig. 1A. species by the shell-shaped anellus and (nec Petersen, 1957); misidentification. the short phallus without articulation and laterally with sclerotised teeth. Females Description. Wingspan 9–14 mm. Head characterised by having a sclerotised ring brush light cream-coloured, laterally with in corpus bursae, similar to N. palmella. darker scales. Labial palp outside grey- Distribution. South Europe (Italy, brown, inside whitish, tip of the third seg- the entire Balkan Peninsula from Croatia ment whitish, second segment with some to Bulgaria, Cyprus). Outside Europe bristles. Antenna dark grey. Thorax white, known from Jordan, Turkey and Iran. overlaid with some darker scales, tegula Bionomics. Larval host unknown. brown, with white tip. Forewing on Adults have been collected from May to whitish ground-colour with dark brown September. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 59

47 Nemapogon quercicolella (Zeller, sclerotised granulations distal to the ring 1852) of scales. Variation. In males gnathos arms and Tinea quercicolella Zeller, 1852: 133. valva are somewhat variable (figs 47a–47b). Tinea quercicolella Herrich-Schäffer, Similar species. Distinguishable 1853: 71; homonym and synonym of Tinea from the other members of the species- quercicolella Zeller, 1852. group by the male genitalia: gnathos arms stout, with two pointed tips. In female gen- Description. Wingspan 11–13 mm. Head italia the granulate sclerotisation of duc- brush white. Labial palp outside brown- tus bursae is unique in the genus. grey, inside white, last segment with white Distribution. From Central Europe tip. Antenna with white scape, flagellum in southwards to Slovakia and Romania, east- the first half with white scales. Thorax wards to Belarus (Merzhejevskaja, et al., whitish, tegula basally dark, with whitish 1976), records from Spain: Balearic Islands tip. Forewing white, with a pattern of light (Cuello i Subirana, 1981), Portugal and dark brown scales: base of costa, a (Zerkowitz, 1946) and Corsica (Rungs, 1988) small short stripe on costa at 1/4, an are unconfirmed. A record from Denmark oblique stripe at 1/2 from costa to cell are (Larsen, 1927) is due to misidentification brown, the last prolonged by light brown and is referable to N. inconditella. scales to dorsum; the area at costa before Bionomics. Larvae feed on a bracket apex and base of fringe are light brown fungus (Rammert, 1989). Compilation with scattered darker scales, additional about biology is given by Zagulajev light brown patches scattered over the (1964b). Adults have been collected from entire forewing; fringe with a brown scale- April to September. line. Hindwing grey. Remarks. The distribution of this spe- Male genitalia. Uncus truncate; cies is probably wider than the records gnathos arms stout, the base rounded, suggest. angled at 1/2, angle with pointed tip, api- cally divided into two pointed tips; saccus long; valva as long as saccus-tegumen, ter- 48 Nemapogon ruricolella (Stainton, minating in a narrow, pointed slightly 1849) hook-shaped apex, digitus a little longer than apex; anellus apically rounded, bris- Tinea ruricolella Stainton, 1849: 7. tled; phallus twice as long as saccus, artic- Tinea cochylidella Stainton, 1854a: 31. ulated at 1/2, without any additional sclerotisations. Description. Wingspan 11–13 mm. Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- Head brush light cream-coloured. First oris ends in broad plate; ostium lip with a two segments of labial palp outside dark, very long narrow apical process, basally inside cream-coloured, second segment somewhat broader; apical part of ductus apically bristled, third segment whitish, bursae more strongly sclerotised than pointed; Antenna brown-grey. Thorax and remainder, ductus with numerous small tegula brown-grey. Forewing on whitish 60 chapter 3 ground-colour with pattern of dark and Similar species. Superficially similar light brown scales, overlaying the majority to N. cloacella, safe determination needs of the forewings; base of costa, a short stripe dissection. Characteristic in males are on costa at 1/4, a broader stripe on costa at uncus with two rounded lobes, angled 1/2, reaching cell are dark brown, the last gnathos arms with net-like structure prolonged with somewhat paler brown around tip, triangular apex of valva and scales to dorsum, a patch before apex and a phallus with minute sclerotised thorns, in patch below cell at 1/3 also dark brown, the females the conical ostium lip. apical quarter nearly completely overlaid Distribution. Nearly all Europe, with paler brown scales, the basal quarter apart from Scandinavia; outside Europe only with scattered light brown scales; known from Turkey. fringe with dark brown scales, forming a Bionomics. Larva in fungi line subapically. Hindwing grey. (Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.: Fr.) Male genitalia. Uncus with wide Pouzar, Coriolus versicolor (= Trametes ver- sinus between two rounded lobes; gnathos sicolor (L.: Fr.) Lloyd), Oxyporus populinus arms with rounded base, angled before 1/2, (Schumach.: Fr.) Donk, Stereum hirsutum angle pointed, apical half narrower, (Willd.: Fr.) Pers., Bjerkandera adusta pointed, the arms connected with a net- (Willd.: Fr.) P. Karst., Hirschioporus abieti- like structure with minute sclerotisations; nus (= Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.: Fr.) saccus as long as uncus, narrow, valva Ryvarden), Hymenochaete rubiginosa (with apodeme and digitus) a little shorter (Dicks.: Fr.) Lév.) (Agassiz et al. 1996; Bettag, than uncus-tegumen-saccus, terminating 1995; Bettag & Bastian, 1996; Chalmers- in nearly triangular pointed apex, some- Hunt, 1995; Robinson & Robinson, 1985; what hook-shaped, digitus very long and Sims, 1997c). Larva were described in detail narrow; anellus basally rounded, apically by Hinton (1956). Compilation about biol- excavate, laterally winged; phallus as long ogy is given by Zagulajev (1964b). as uncus-tegumen-saccus, without articu- lation, the last fifth with numerous very small sclerotised thorns. 49 Nemapogon clematella (Fabricius, Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- 1781) oris ends in sclerotised plate, proximally and laterally connected with ostium lip, lip Tinea clematella Fabricius, 1781: 297. conical, with pointed connections laterally Tinea repandella Hübner, 1799: 8: 256. at 1/2, the apical half narrower, end trun- Recurvaria clematea Haworth, 1828: 552; cate, with some long bristles; ductus bursae unjustified emendation of Tinea clema- with approximately five to seven rows of tella Fabricius, 1781. strongly sclerotised scales, apically some Tinea arcella auct., (nec Fabricius, 1777) additional rows of lightly sclerotised scales. (misidentification) Variation. The studied specimens show no variation superficially. In male Description. Wingspan 10–15 mm. Head genitalia gnathos arms (figs 48a–48d) and brush white. The first two segments of anellus (figs 48e–48h) are variable. labial palp dark brown outside, white Systematic treatment of the genera and species 61 inside, second segment apically with bris- Distribution. All Europe, outside tles, third segment white, pointed. Antenna Europe known from Caucasus Region. with white scape and grey pedicel. Thorax Bionomics. Larva feeds on Hypoxylon white, tegula white, only at base dark fuscum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., H. cohaerens (Pers.: brown. Forewing white with a clear-cut Fr.) Fr., Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr., dark brown pattern: a stripe from base to Diatrype disciformis (Hoffm.: Fr.) Fr., 1/4 along costa and an oblique stripe from (Records from studied material as well as costa at 1/2 to dorsum, reaching it at 1/4, and Agassiz et al., 1997; Bettag & Bastian, 1986; a very small dot on base at dorsum and on Rammert, 1989; Sims, 1996; 1997a; 1998a). base of fringe, around apex a paler brown Compilation about biology and a list of patch; the entire white area overlaid partly known parasites is given by Zagulajev with yellowish scales. Hindwing grey. (1964b). A compilation of the published Male genitalia. Uncus with two results concerning attraction by phero- pointed lobes; gnathos arms basally mones is given by El-Sayed (2012). rounded, not distinctly angled, more or less curved, apical half narrow, with pointed tip, both arms in apical half con- 50 Nemapogon lagodechiellus nected with hyaline net; saccus narrow, Zagulajev, 1962 pointed; valva (with apodeme) as long as uncus-tegumen, terminating in stout blunt Nemapogon lagodechiellus Zagulajev, apex, digitus narrow, clearly exceeding 1962a: 186, figs 4–6. apex; anellus small, shell-shaped, apically Anemapogon teberdellus Zagulajev, rounded; phallus as long as valva (without 1963a: 431, fig. 5; syn. n. apodeme), no articulation, without any Anemapogon georgiellus Zagulajev, additional structures. 1963a: 433, fig. 6; syn. n. Female genitalia. Apophysis ante­ Anemapogon teberdensis Zagulajev, rioris curved round to ostium lip, fused 1964b: 330, figs 297–300; misspelling. with two apically directed ostial processes; Anemapogon georgicus Zagulajev, ostium lip basally parallel-sided, strongly 1964b: 334, figs 301–305; misspelling. sclerotised, a longer narrow process with truncate apex and two long bristles Description. Wingspan 12–15 mm. Head between the processes. brush cream-coloured, laterally, above Variation. The studied specimens antennae and eyes darker scales. The first show no variation. two segments of labial palp outside a little Similar species. Characteristic for darker than inside, third segment narrow, this species is the clear-cut pattern. In pointed, cream-coloured. Antenna light male genitalia the gnathos arms, con- grey. Thorax cream-coloured, tegula nected with hyaline net and the short darker, with cream-coloured apex. phallus, in female genitalia the ostium lip, Forewing cream-coloured with a dark with processes fused to apophyses distin- brown pattern: costa from base to 1/4, an guish the species from the other members oblique stripe on costa at 1/2 to cell, a of this species-group. patch below cell at 1/3, two short stripes on 62 chapter 3 costa at 3/4 and before apex and the area Distribution. South European between end of cell and termen; fringe Russia: Teberda (type locality of A. white. Hindwing shining light grey. teberdellus), outside Europe known from Male genitalia. Uncus medially Georgia (type locality of N. lagodechiellus), with two short rounded socii; gnathos Azerbaijan and Turkey. arms with rounded base, angled at 1/2, Bionomics. Larva feeds on Ganoderma angle prolonged into a narrow pointed lucidum (Curtis : Fr.) P. Karst. On Carpinus spine, apical half of gnathos narrower to orientalis Mill.(studied material, ex coll. pointed tip; vinculum ventrally edged, sac- Jaworski). Adults were collected at the end cus long, narrow; valva with long apodeme, of April (holotype of N. lagodechiellus), in apex obliquely truncate, digitus exceeding July (holotype of A. teberdellus), at the end valva; anellus ring-shaped, ventrally with of August (holotype of A. georgiellus). sclerotised lateral edges, bristled; phallus Recently Tomasz Jaworski collected speci- longer than valva, articulated before mid- mens (ex larvae) in Georgia from the end dle, apical part more strongly sclerotised of April to the middle of May, at light from than basal part, subapically slightly angled, the end of May to beginning of June. apex triangular in lateral view. Remarks. Courtesy of Tomasz Jaworski Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- I was able to study a small series of this spe- oris ends in parallel narrow plates, basally cies from the type locality. As the series also connected with ostium lip, apically on contains females, it was possible to estab- inside each with distinct strongly sclero- lish that the taxa teberdellus and georgiellus, tised edge, nearly touching each other; described in the genus Anemapogon, are ostium lip basally transverse narrow, ter- synonyms of Nemapogon lagodechiellus. minal with long apical bristled process, nearly reaching the end of sclerotised edges; base of ostium lip more strongly 51 Nemapogon gerasimovi Zagulajev, sclerotised. 1961 Variation. The studied specimens show no variation. Nemapogon gerasimovi Zagulajev, 1961: Similar species. In the shape of geni- 1188, figs. 4–7. talia there are similarities to N. somcheti- ella. The differences are: N. lagodechiellus Description. Wingspan 10–12 mm. Head with no pronounced edges of uncus, the brush cream-yellowish, laterally some- socii longer, the tip of valva obliquely trun- what darker. Labial palp grey-brown, cate, phallus with articulation, with angled second segment bristled, last segment a apex, while N. somchetiella with rounded little paler. Antenna dark grey-brown. edges of uncus, socii shorter, valva with Thorax and tegula dark brown. Forewing blunt tip, phallus without articulation; dark brown, with a cream-coloured pat- female genitalia of N. lagodechiellus with tern: five short stripes on costa, one dot long narrow ostium lip, while N. somcheti- before apex, one patch on base of fringe on ella with shield-shaped, rhomboidal dorsum, the entire forewing scattered with ostium lip. individual cream-coloured scales; fringe Systematic treatment of the genera and species 63 cream-coloured, overlaid with a brown Distribution. Known from scale-line. Hindwing grey. Turkmenia, Kirgizstan, Kazakhstan, Siberia Male genitalia. Uncus apically con- and China, introduced in 2005 to Denmark cave, with rounded edges; gnathos arms (Jyllinge) with dried Chinese mushrooms with square base, angled at 1/3, angle pro- (Buhl et al. 2006). According to Ole Karsholt longed in pointed tip, last two-thirds nar- (in litt.) the ‘Danish’ population of rower to pointed tip; vinculum with short Nemapogon gerasimovi originated from the narrow saccus; valva (with long apodeme) house of Poul Svendsen, a lepidopterist liv- as long as uncus-tegumen-saccus, terminat- ing in Jyllinge. His wife is Chinese, and the ing in large oval apex, digitus narrow, slightly specimens were accidentally imported with exceeding apex; anellus elongate, basally edible mushrooms from China. From the rounded, bristled, laterally folded, with api- first bred specimens eggs were obtained cal sinus; phallus as long as valva, with artic- and the following years larvae were distrib- ulation at 1/3, with rounded base, last two- uted to interested lepidopterists who appar- thirds more strongly sclerotised than basal ently labelled them slightly differently. third, at last third a long narrow lateral spine, Remarks. The type material and female protruding beyond tip of phallus. specimens from Central Asia (Kirgizstan) Female genitalia. Anterior apophysis are different in the ostium having a short apically connected by structurally com- bristled ventral process (fig. 51b). This struc- plex sclerotisations: basally larger, apically ture is absent in Danish specimens. It fully narrow, band-shaped; ostium lip rounded, agrees with figure 17 in Xiao & Li (2010), in more strongly sclerotised, varying in which a Chinese specimen is illustrated. appearance depending upon preparation Further more detailed studies are needed (fig. 51a). to decide if it is a geographical variation Variation. No variation was found (of subspecific range) or if it might be a because of the few studied specimens. specific difference. There are no visible dif- Similar species. The details of geni- ferences in the structure of male genitalia. talia structure are characteristic and dis- tinguish this species from all other mem- The following species cannot currently be bers of the genus, in males especially the assigned to any of the groups of species. large oval apex of valva and phallus with Some of the species are known only from long narrow spine in last third, and in one sex. females shape of area around ostium lip. Bionomics. Larvae reared from Polyporus hispidus (= Inonotus hispidus 52 Nemapogon scutifera Gaedike, 2007 (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst.) (Zagulajev, 1961) and Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis : Fr.) P. Karst. Nemapogon scutifera Gaedike, 2007: 164, (in Northern China, according to Buhl et figs 8–9, 44. al., 2006). Larvae live in dead wood and pore fungi and construct portable cases. Description. Wingspan 9–14 mm. Head The species is a well known pest of edible brush from light whitish ochreous to yel- fungi (Xiao & Li, 2010). lowish ochreous, laterally around the eyes 64 chapter 3 with darker brown scales. Labial palp dark 53 (Linnaeus, brown, the inside and the tip of the last 1758) segment light ochreous. Thorax whitish ochreous, tegula overlaid with dark brown Phalaena (Tinea) granella Linnaeus, 1758: scales. Forewing yellow ochreous, with a 537. pattern of dark brown stripes and patches: Phalaena fenestrella Scopoli, 1763: 252; on the costa near the base, at 1/4, 1/2 homonym. (reaching the cell), and before the apex, an Phalaena domesticella Scopoli, 1763: oblique patch at 1/3 on the dorsum, the 256. remainder of the forewing is more or less Tinea nebulosella Geoffroy, 1785: 325. overlaid with brown scales, only the apex Tinea tesserella Fabricius, 1794: 298. and some short parts of the costa in the Tinea costotristrigella Chambers, 1873: outer half are light yellow-ochreous. 87. Hindwing shining grey. Tinea fuscomaculella Chambers, 1873: Male genitalia. Unknown. 88. Female genitalia. Ostium lip shield- Tinea marmorella Chambers, 1875: 212. shaped, the base narrow, with a more Tinea mancuniella Hodgkinson, 1880: strongly sclerotised ring, widened after the 10. middle, distally rounded, with wide Tinea nigroatomella Dietz, 1905: 70. median sinus, the area beyond the ostium Tinea granella f. nigra Dufrane, 1955: 12; lip with rows of small transverse scleroti- unavailable, infrasubspecific. sations; in ductus bursae, beyond begin- Tinea fuscicomella Wörz, 1958: 257. ning of corpus bursae, with a ring of three rows of small blunt thorns, distally with an Description. Wingspan 8–15 mm. Head area of very small sclerotisations. brush cream-coloured to light greyish Variation. The studied specimens brown, laterally darker than on top. The first show no variation. two segments of labial palp outside dark Similar species. The shape of the grey, inside cream-coloured, second seg- ostium is similar to that of N. brandti ment bristled, last segment pointed, cream- Gaedike, 1986, described from Iran, but the coloured. Antenna dark grey. Thorax and enlarged, more strongly sclerotised area at tegula deep grey, tip of tegula paler. Forewing the base of the ostium in N. brandti is cream-coloured with pattern of dark grey to absent in N. scutifera. The area of small blackish patches and stripes, characteristic sclerotisations beyond the ring of thorns for the genus: patch on base of costa, oblique in the ductus bursae is larger in N. brandti. stripe on costa at 1/2 to cell, three small The shape of ostium is unique in the stripes between 1/2 and apex, large patch European members of the genus. before apex, the entire forewing more or less Distribution. Greece and Turkey overlaid with dark scales; fringe with a dark (type localities). scale-line. Hindwing light grey. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, Adults have been collected between June with rounded edges; gnathos arms broad, and November. base rounded, angled before 1/2, last half Systematic treatment of the genera and species 65 nearly as broad as first half, with rounded (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill), P. squamosus (Huds.: tip; saccus narrow, with rounded tip; valva Fr.) Fr., P. candicinus (Scop.) J. Schröt., (with apodeme) somewhat shorter than Polystictus abietinus (= Trichaptum abieti- uncus-tegumen-saccus, terminating in an num (Dicks.: Fr.) Ryvarden), Lentinus tigri- obliquely truncate apex, with two pointed nus (Bull.: Fr.) Fr., Daedalea quercina (L.: tips, digitus distinctly extending beyond Fr.) Pers., Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) P. apex; anellus small, with two bristled Karst., I. radiatus (Sowerby : Fr.) P. Karst., rounded tips; phallus more than 1.5 times Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton : Fr.) J. as long as uncus-tegumen-saccus, articu- Schröt., Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. lated at 1/2, apical half more strongly Karst., Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.: Fr.) sclerotised, subapically on the one side Bref., Stereum hirsutum (Willd.: Fr.) Pers., with two small pointed teeth, on the oppo- S, rugosum Pers.: Fr., Lenzites betulina (L.: site side with a variously shaped process, Fr.) Fr., Schizopora paradoxa (Schrad.: Fr.) apex with very small spines. Donk, Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.: Fr.) P. Female genitalia. Apophysis ante­ Karst., B. fumosa (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karst.), rioris ends in triangular-shaped sclerotisa- Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat. (Records of tion, apically reaching an area with small studied material, as well as Barclay, 2005; granular sclerotisations, basally connected Jaworski et al., 2014; Vetter, 1999). The lar- with disc-shaped ostium lip; base of vae feed also on dead vegetable matter ostium lip is sickle-shaped and more including stored cereals, dried fruits, nuts, strongly sclerotised. several seeds, and cork. It is a pest of grain Variation. Superficially more or less and other stored cereals. Robinson (2009) invariable. In male genitalia the shape of val- says: “… that was once a serious pest of val apex and the subapical process on phal- grain stored in inferior conditions, but lus are somewhat variable (figs 53a–53f). occurs nowadays mainly as a pest of dried Similar species. Superficially similar mushrooms.” Compilation about biology to N. cloacella, but the absence of choco- and a list of known parasites is given by late-coloured scales make it distinguish- Zagulajev (1964b; 1981). Detailed informa- able. The broad gnathos arms with rounded tion about morphology of pupa, phenol- tip, the obliquely truncate apex of valva ogy and parasites were given by Vetter and the tip of phallus with two teeth and (1999). Larva were described in detail by small process opposite them in male geni- Hinton (1956). A compilation of the talia and the characteristic disc-shaped published results concerning attraction by ostium in females are also distinctive. pheromones is given by El-Sayed, 2012. Distribution. Originated in the Palaearctic region, but as a cosmopolitan pest species it is now distributed world- 54 Nemapogon variatella (Clemens, wide (Robinson, 2009). 1859) Bionomics. Larvae common out-of- doors in numerous fungi (Polyporus versi- Tinea variatella Clemens, 1859: 257. color (= Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Lloyd), Tinea personella Pierce & Metcalfe, P. sulphureus (= Laetiporus sulphureus 1934: 217. 66 chapter 3

Tinea secalella Zacher, 1938: 67. Female genitalia. Apophysis ante­ Tinea infimella Corbet, 1943: 253 (nec rioris ends in a sclerotised plate, ostium Heydenreich, 1851) (homonym). more strongly sclerotised, ventrally cov- ered with a characteristic structure of two Description. Wingspan 11–17 mm. Head circles, sometimes joined to make a fig- brush from light cream-coloured to white, ure 8 on its side, with more strongly sclero- around eyes and above palps with darker tised edges. scales. The first two segments of labial Variation. Some specimens with palp outside dark grey-brown, inside white head brush and white thorax, fore- cream-coloured, second segment laterally wings more white, only the dark brown bristled, third segment pointed, cream- pattern is visible. The view of phallus coloured. Antenna dark grey-brown. depends upon preparation (fig. 54a). In Thorax and tegula dark grey-brown, tip of female genitalia the shape of the structure tegula cream-coloured. Forewing white, ventral to the ostium is variable with pattern of dark brown scales, charac- (figs 54a–54c) teristic for the genus: patch on base at Similar species. The more or less costa, short stripe at 1/4 on costa, an white head brush makes the species super- oblique stripe at 1/2 from costa to cell, ficially distinguishable from N. cloacella angled inwards and crossing cell, a large and N. granella, living often in similar sub- patch on costa before apex, two short strates. Clear differences are seen in the stripes on costa between oblique stripe genitalia structures. Males with minute and patch before apex, last quarter before finger-like processes at apex of the gna- apex overlaid with paler brown scales, the thos arms, valva terminating in pointed entire forewing more or less overlaid with hook; females with the characteristic light brown and greyish scales; base of structure around ostium (two rings or fringe also dark brown, on fringe a dark lying 8). scale-line. Hindwing grey. Distribution. Entire Europe, outside Male genitalia. Uncus with two Europe from Northern Africa, from Middle pointed corners; gnathos arms angled to Far East; Nearctic region, as pest of cereals before 1/2, with pointed angle, basal part introduced into Central and South America. broader than apical part after angle, api- Bionomics. Larva feeds on Ganoderma cally terminating in some short finger-like adspersum (Schulzer) Donk, Polyporus ver- processes; saccus narrow; valva (with sicolor (= Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) apodeme) as long as uncus-tegumen-sac- Lloyd), P. sulphureus (= Laetiporus sulphu- cus, terminating in pointed hook, digitus reus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill), P. squamosus not exceeding valva; anellus small, curved, (Huds.: Fr.) Fr., Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) basally with sclerotised edge; phallus P. Karst., Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. approximately 1.5 times as long as uncus- Karst., Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.: Fr.) tegumen-saccus, articulated at 1/2, with With., Marasmius oreades (Bolton : Fr.) Fr., rounded base, apical half more strongly Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat., Bjerkandera sclerotised, an oblique lateral tooth before adusta (Willd.) P. Karst., Formitoporia apex. robusta (P. Karst.) Fiasson & Niemela, Systematic treatment of the genera and species 67

Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.) Fr., Stereum sclerotised lateral edges, proximally convex, rugosum Pers. (records from studied mate- bristled, dorsally a narrow band; phallus as rial as well as Agassiz et al., 1998; Chalmers- long as valva, parallel-sided, apex more Hunt, 1995; Costen, 2001; Jaworski et al., strongly sclerotised, a little widened, termi- 2014; Sims, 1997b; 2001; 2009; Sterling, 1998; nating in one or two short pointed tips. Sterling & Sterling, 1996). Compilation Female genitalia. Dorsal branches about biology and a list of known parasites of anterior apophyses very short, each is given by Zagulajev (1964b; 1981). A com- ending in somewhat more strongly sclero- pilation of the published results concern- tised plate, curved towards middle, api- ing attraction by pheromones is given by cally rounded and edged with strong El-Sayed, 2012 (under the name N. sclerotisation; ventral branches connected personella). in a band below ostium; ostium lip shield- shaped, rhomboidal, apically rounded, lat- erally pointed and connected with the 55 Nemapogon somchetiella Zagulajev, band of ventral branches of apophyses; 1961 ductus bursae broad, with characteristic ring of approximately four rows of sclero- Nemapogon somchetiella Zagulajev, 1961: tised scales before corpus bursae. 1184, fig. 1. Variation. No variation was found because of the few studied specimens. Description. Wingspan 12 mm. Head Figures 55a-55b show different views of brush white, laterally some darker scales. phallus, depending upon preparation. Labial palp outside grey, inside whitish. Similar species. In the shape of geni- Flagellum light grey, scape darker. Thorax talia similar to N. lagodechiellus, for differ- white, tegula basally dark-grey, tip white. ences see that taxon. Forewing whitish, with dark grey-brown Distribution. North Italy (Gaedike, pattern: base, a patch on costa at 1/4, a 2009; 2011b). Outside Europe from broad stripe at 1/2 from costa to cell, Caucasus region. obliquely basally prolonged to dorsum, Bionomics. Larval host unknown. some short stripes on second half of costa Adults were collected in May and in August to apex, and a line at base of fringe. in Caucasus region (type series) and in Hindwing light grey. May and in October (North Italy). Male genitalia. Uncus with rounded Remarks. The distribution of this spe- corners and two rounded short socii at cies is probably wider than the records middle; gnathos arms with broad rounded suggest. base, angled at 1/2, angle prolonged into a narrow spine with pointed tip, apical half narrower to pointed tip; vinculum ventrally 56 Nemapogon levantinus Petersen, narrow, saccus long, with rounded tip; 1961 valva with long apodeme, terminating in blunt tip, digitus distinctly exceeding Nemapogon levantinus Petersen, 1961b: valva; anellus ring-shaped, ventrally with 282, fig. 13. 68 chapter 3

Description. Wingspan 11–13 mm. Head Remarks. Robinson (1980) indicated brush white, laterally and above palp some one female from Algeria as N. levantinus, darker scales. The first two segments of but examination shows that this specimen labial palp outside dark, inside whitish, sec- belongs to N. sardicus. ond segment with some bristles, last seg- ment with whitish tip. Scape dark grey, fla- gellum paler grey. Thorax white, tegula 57 Nemapogon caucasicus (Zagulajev, basally dark, tip white. Forewing white with 1964) dark grey-brown pattern: base from costa to cell, a patch on costa at 1/4, an oblique stripe Longiductus caucasicus Zagulajev, 1964b: at 1/2 from costa to cell, two short stripes on 391, figs 358B, 363, 369. costa on outer half, a stripe before apex to termen, and some small patches at base of Description. Wingspan 17 mm. Head fringe and below cell. Hindwing light grey. brush whitish, light cream-coloured, on Male genitalia. Uncus cup-shaped, neck and laterally near eyes with darker with median notch, laterally rounded; gna- scales. First two segments of labial palp thos arms basally broad rounded, angled outside dark grey-brown, inside whitish, at 1/2, second half narrower to pointed tip; second segment apically bristled, last seg- vinculum with long narrow saccus, distal ment basally dark, pointed tip whitish. edge vaulted medially; valva as long as Flagellum dark grey, scape white. Thorax uncus-tegumen, terminating in truncated and tegula dark brown, nearly black, tip of hook, digitus clearly exceeding valva; anel- tegula white. Forewing white with pro- lus shell-shaped; phallus distinctly longer nounced brown-black pattern: base on than uncus-tegumen-saccus, articulation costa, a stripe on costa at 1/4, a large area before 1/2, apical part more strongly sclero- from cell to base of termen and to apex, tised, subapically with a lot of small connected with the broad oblique stripe pointed thorns. from costa at 1/2, three short stripes on Female genitalia. Unknown. costa between 1/2 and apex; fringe with a Variation. In male genitalia phallus line of dark brown scales Hindwing grey. subapically with a variable number of Male genitalia. Uncus with pointed small pointed thorns (figs 56b-56c). socii at outer corners, inside with numer- Similar species. The very long sac- ous thin thorns, socii basally connected cus, the truncated hook on apex of valva with more strongly sclerotised edge; gna- and the very long phallus with small thos arms with triangular basal plate, thin, pointed thorns subapically are character- curved, with pointed tip, without clear istic structures for this species. angle; saccus long, thin, vinculum basally Distribution. Greece (mainland with deep sinuses beside saccus; valva as and Crete), outside Europe known only long as uncus, apically truncated, digitus from Turkey, Shar Devesy (type locality), narrow, exceeding valva; phallus more Konya. than twice as long as valva, straight, with- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. out articulation, subapically with numer- Adults were collected jn July and August. ous very small thorns. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 69

Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- third segment pointed. Flagellum grey, sis ends in an arch-shaped sclerotisation scape paler. Thorax and tegula basally dark above ostium lip, ostium lip mushroom- grey, proximally whitish. Forewing cream- shaped, vaulted apically, with more coloured with grey-brown pattern: base of strongly sclerotised edges, reaching the costa, a stripe on costa at 1/4, an oblique first part of ductus bursae. band at 1/2 from costa to cell, a short stripe Variation. No variation was found on costa at 3/4 and a patch before apex, a because of the few studied specimens. large area on cell, connected with the Similar species. Superficially similar stripe at 1/4 and the band at 1/2; fringe to N. picarella, but clearly distinguishable overlaid with grey-brown scales, inter- in the genitalia structure (males with thin rupted with some whitish stripes. curved gnathos arms, uncus with two Hindwing light grey. pointed socii, valva apically truncate; Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, lat- females with arch-shaped sclerotisation erally folded, bristled; gnathos arms short, above ostium). basally broad, terminating in a field of Distribution. South European part numerous smaller and longer spines, the of Russia (environs of Maikop; Teberda). two arms connected with a net of very Described from Georgia. small spines; saccus long and narrow; Bionomics. Larvae were reared from valva as long as uncus-tegumen, relatively bracket fungus on Quercus (Zagulajev, narrow, terminating in a pointed lightly 1964b). Adults were collected between curved tip, digitus not exceeding valva; May and June (type series) and in August anellus apically with two bristled rounded (Teberda). lobes, basally sickle-shaped; phallus as Remarks. Phallus was not found in the long as valva, apex laterally with a long vial with the holotype (No. 8522), the (half of length of phallus) narrow, strongly description follows the fig. 366 in the origi- sclerotised process with pointed tip. nal description. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- sis ends in a sclerotised plate, apically prolonged in two bristled narrow lobes, 58 Nemapogon meridionella basally prolonged in two processes with (Zagulajev, 1962) rounded tip; ostium lip mushroom- shaped; distal to ostium an area with two Petalographis meridionella Zagulajev, semicircular sclerotisations, around them 1962b: 335, figs 2, 7–8. thin longitudinal and crosswise rows with Petalographis meridionalis Zagulajev, granular sclerotisations; ring of scales in 1964b: 166, figs 10A,2, 32G, 77, 85, 158B,V; ductus bursae hardly visible. misspelling. Variation. The studied specimens show no variation. Description. Wingspan 15 mm. Head Similar species. In males, the gna- brush light grey, above palp somewhat thos arms, terminating in a field of darker. Labial palp whitish, the first two numerous spines and phallus apically with segments outside with some darker scales, a long process (somewhat similar to 70 chapter 3

N. hungaricus), in females, the anterior dark brown scales: base on costa, pro- apophyses, ending in sclerotised plate longed as stripe to cell, oblique stripe from with two prolonged lobes, the mushroom- costa through cell to dorsum at 1/4, a band shaped ostium, and the semicircular from costa at 1/2 to cell, in cell connected sclerotisations distal to the ostium, are with an enlargement of oblique stripe, a characteristic for this species. triangular patch before apex and some Distribution. Ukraine (Crimea), out- short stripes on costa before apex, the side Europe from Caucasus region cream-coloured areas more or less over- (Azerbaijan, Georgia), Iran, Turkmenistan laid with paler brown scales; fringe with and Tadzhikistan. thin brown scale line. Hindwing light grey. Bionomics. Larvae feed in Fomes Male genitalia. Uncus concave fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr., F. applanatus (= between blunt corners, sometimes corners Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat.), pronounced, pointed; gnathos arms stout, Polystictus pergamenus (= Trichaptum angled at 1/2, angle more or less pointed, biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden), P. versicolor (= apically narrower, mostly fused together; Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Lloyd) saccus narrow, with pointed tip; valva as (Zagulajev, 1964b). Adults were collected long as uncus-tegumen, terminating in between April and July. short hook, sometimes not curved; digitus exceeding hook; anellus laterally with long The following species is characterised narrow, strongly sclerotised process, api- by having a characteristic structure of cally terminating as pointed hook; phallus the anellus, similar to N. kashmirensis as long as valva, without any additional Robinson, 1980 and N. diarthrota (Meyrick, structures. 1936), described from the Oriental region. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- sis ends in band-shaped sclerotisation; ostium lip shield-shaped, with strongly 59 Nemapogon orientalis Petersen, 1961 sclerotised lateral edges, basally rounded, apically narrower, with median sinus, the Nemapogon orientalis Petersen, 1961b: 281, lateral edges rounded, bristled. figs 11–12. Variation. Colouration is variable, sometimes forewings nearly completely Description. Wingspan 12–18 mm. Head overlaid with dark and light brown scales. brush cream-coloured, on neck and later- In males gnathos arms sometimes sepa- ally with darker scales. First two segments rated (fig. 59a–59b), the shape of processes of labial palp outside grey-brown, inside of anellus is variable (Gaedike, 1986: cream-coloured, second segment bristled, figs 77–80). third segment pointed, cream-coloured, Similar species. Characterised in the basally darker. Flagellum grey, scape genitalia structures by shape of anellus, cream-coloured. Thorax cream-coloured, which is unique in European members of overlaid with numerous grey-brown scales, the genus. tegula grey-brown, apically cream- Distribution. From South and coloured. Forewing creamy with pattern of Central European part of Russia to Systematic treatment of the genera and species 71

Ukraine, Greece (incl. Crete) and Cyprus. Variation. The studied specimens Outside Europe known from Afghanistan show no variation. and Kazakhstan through Caucasus region Similar species. The species is super- to Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt. ficially distinguishable from all other Bionomics. Larvae feed on Polyporus members of the genus by the bicoloured spec., Ganoderma resinaceum Boud. and head brush and the dark colouration. In Phellinus pomaceus (Pers.) Maire (records the structures of genitalia the uncus with from studied material). Adults have been apically rounded and bristled lobes and collected between April and September. valva with long straight pointed tip in males, and the funnel-shaped ostium in females are characteristic. 60 Nemapogon falstriella (Haas, 1881) Distribution. In Europe known from British Isles (Sherman & Clifton, 2009; Tinea falstriella Haas, 1881: 198. Prichard, 2009), Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, Description. Wingspan 9–12 mm. Head Italy (unpublished record) and Croatia. brush bicoloured: from above palps to new record. 1♀, Italy: Romagna, below the insertion of antennae whitish, Marradi Fi., M. Bruno, 27.vii.1998, leg. L. the remainder deep grey. Labial palp out- Usvelli; MFSN. side grey-brown, inside white, second Bionomics. Early stages unknown. segment bristled. Flagellum grey, scape Adults fly in August. They are active at whitish. Thorax and tegula deep grey to night. In Denmark and Sweden the species blackish, tip of thorax white. Forewing was recently collected by using phero- deep grey, on costa some very short cream- mone for Synanthedon polaris (Gregersen, coloured dots, fringe on dorsum and below pers. comm.). A compilation of the pub- apex whitish; the pattern of darker scales, lished results concerning attraction by which is characteristic for the majority of pheromones is given by El-Sayed (2012). the members of the genus, is more or less Remarks. Wolff (1975) described in obscured by the dark ground-colour. detail the history of the discovery of this Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, later- species, corrected the status of the type, ally with narrow, apically rounded socii with and the spelling of the name of the author: long solid bristles; gnathos arms short, The name of the author was Haas, Andreas angled beyond 1/2, basally rounded, the part Bang. In 1884 Haas took up residence in after angle is thin, pointed, saccus short, ter- Dresden, changed his surname to Bang- minating in a thin tip; valva short, stout, ter- Haas and became a son-in-law of the minating in long straight pointed tip, digitus famous Otto Staudinger. He brought one as long as whole valva; anellus small, later- of the two specimens of N. falstriella to ally folded; phallus as long as valva, without Germany (now in Zoological Museum any clearly defined structures. Berlin), the other specimen was left in the Female genitalia. Ostium funnel- ZMUC. This is why Petersen referred to the shaped, apically bristled, anterior apophy- Berlin specimen as “Holotypus”, it is really sis forked. a lectotype. 72 chapter 3

The taxonomic and systematic status of The next genera Triaxomasia and the following two species is not clear. Neurothaumasia were regarded as part of Nemapogoninae (for example by Zagulajev, 1964b). Petersen (1983) argued that they are 61 Nemapogon alticolella Zagulajev, not members of this subfamily. He found 1961 synapomorphies for each genus, but it was impossible to show affiliation to other Nemapogon alticolella Zagulajev, 1961a: subfamilies as well. Until recently larvae 1186, figs 2–3. and biology of the majority of the known This status of this species is still doubtful. species were unknown. Sutter (1998) In his original description Zagulajev indi- described Gaedikeia near Neurothaumasia. cated similarities in pattern of forewings Davis & Robinson (1998) and Robinson with N. heydeni (now a synonym of N. incon- (2009) leave these genera in the ditella). Only the shape of anellus in the Nemapogininae without discussion of male genitalia shows affinities to N. incon- Petersen’s opinion. ditella, the shape of uncus is somewhat Since then, there have been no new similar to N. agenjoi. Completely unusual is arguments about the systematic position the shape of the phallus. It seems that the of these genera. phallus is broken and the basal part is lost. The examined holotype, housed in the collection of ZIN, is labelled “Wien”, with- Triaxomasia Zagulajev, 1964 out any other collection data. It is strange, that no other specimen of this taxon has Triaxomasia Zagulajev, 1964b: 155. ever been found from such a well-known Type species: Tinea caprimulgella locality. Possibly barcoding of the speci- Stainton, 1851. men could help in solving this problem. Known from two Palaearctic species, of which T. caprimulgella occurs in Europe. The adults with hindwings more 62 Nemapogon fuscalbella (Chrétien, pointed than in Nemapogoninae, males 1908) with coremata on abdomen. Valva without longitudinal fold which is regarded as Tinea fuscalbella Chrétien, 1908b: 260. a synapomorphy for Nemapogoninae The examined holotype from France: (Petersen, 1983). Hautes-Pyrénées, collected in July, housed in the collection of MNHN, lacks the abdo- men and is completely covered by fungus 63 Triaxomasia caprimulgella mycelium. It is impossible to verify the (Stainton, 1851) identity of this taxon. Chrétien (1908) stated in the original description, that it Tinea caprimulgella Stainton, 1851: 2. had to be placed near Tinea nigralbella, but it is very different from it. This was the only Description. Wingspan 10–12 mm. Head reason to place this taxon in Nemapogon. brush yellowish brown. Labial palp short, Systematic treatment of the genera and species 73 outside brown, inside cream-coloured, workings packed with frass. Pelham-Clinton second segment apically bristled. Antenna (1985) (quoting various observers) remarks inside cream-coloured, outside brown, that the species “may often be found hang- scape with pecten. Thorax and tegula dark ing in cobwebs, where it remains perfectly brown. Forewing dark brown with pattern still, apparently secure from the attacks of of yellowish stripes and patches: a large spiders” and that adults have been found in patch from costa at 1/4 to cell, nearly con- hollow trunks of ash and in old sheds and nected with patch from dorsum to cell, that “dead insects might be the larval food.” three short stripes on costa at 1/2, 3/4 and The following fungi are known as larval before apex, and a patch on dorsum at food (records from studied specimens, base of fringe. Hindwing dark grey. which were reared ex larvae): Lentinus tigri- Male genitalia. Uncus with two nus (Bull.: Fr.) Fr. on Salix, Xanthochrous his- socii, basally broad, narrower to pointed tip; pidus (= Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) gnathos arms basally broad, apically nar- P. Karst.) and Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) rower, repeatedly curved, apically in con- P. Kumm. on Morus alba, Fistulina hepatica tact; vinculum broad, saccus as long as socii; (Schaeff.: Fr.) With. on old oak. valva nearly as long as uncus-tegumen, basally broadest, parallel-sided, narrower from last third to rounded tip; phallus Gaedikeia Sutter, 1998 slightly longer than valva, straight, without any additional structures. Gaedikeia Sutter, 1998: 303. Female genitalia. Anterior apophysis Type species: Gaedikeia kokkariensis forked; ostium forming an arrowhead- Sutter, 1998. shaped sclerotisation; in ductus bursae a sclerotised part, with lateral hook, edge more Description. Wingspan 9–10 mm. Head strongly sclerotised than the remainder. brush from neck to middle (insertion of Variation. The patches on costa at 1/4 antennae) mixed with dark grey and whit- and on dorsum on forewing sometimes ish scales, the part above palp grey-brown. fused into a band. Labial palp short, second segment bristled. Similar species. Besides differences in Scape and the first two or three segments the forewing pattern, the absence of longitu- of flagellum white, other segments of dinal fold in valva clearly distinguishes this flagellum grey. Thorax and tegula dark species from the members of Nemapogon. grey, tips of scales whitish Forewing grey Distribution. In Europe from Iberian brownish, without clear pattern, from base Peninsula through France and Italy to along cell to beginning of fringe a longitu- Greece, eastwards through Romania to dinal whitish narrow stripe, area above Ukraine, northwards through Switzerland, darker grey than remainder of forewing. Germany, Czech Republic and Slovakia to Hindwing light grey, costa at 1/2 convex, Denmark, Sweden and (Aarvik second half narrower, more concave. et al., 2010). Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, at Bionomics. Schütze (1931) found lar- corners incised, forming more or less tri- vae in dead oak and beech, pupating in angular corners; gnathos absent; vinculum 74 chapter 3 broad, saccus narrow, with pointed tip; Bionomics. Larval host unknown. valva with long apodeme, from broad base Adults have been collected at light narrower to rounded apex, narrowest at between May and July and in September. 1/2; phallus nearly twice as long as valva, Remarks. It is probable that the spe- curved. Shape of uncus somewhat variable cies also occurs in other parts of the (see fig. 64a). Mediterranean region. Female genitalia. Ventral arms of anterior apophyses connected, dorsal arms fused into band-shaped sclerotisa- Neurothaumasia LeMarchand, 1934 tion; ostium lip funnel-shaped, apically with rounded bristled edges, basally an Neurothaumasia LeMarchand, 1934: 24. area with numerous very small thorns; cor- Type species: Neurothaumasia burdiga- pus bursae with fine longitudinal scleroti- lensis Le Marchand, 1934. sations, forming a ring at anterior end; seg- Gallura Amsel, 1952a: 135. ment VIII apically concave. Type species: Gallura tirsella Amsel, 1952. Variation. The studied specimens show no variation. Description. The pattern of the fore- Distribution. - See below. wings is often variable in size and coloura- tion within nearly all species. As a result some taxa were described, but later proved 64 Gaedikeia kokkariensis Sutter, 1998 to be synonyms after examination of geni- talia .(See under N. ankerella). Gaedikeia kokkariensis Sutter, 1998: 303, Male genitalia. Variability in shape figs 1–8. of uncus, gnathos, valvae and phallus is present in most species, but there are clear Description. See description of the gaps between species. genus. Female genitalia. The proximal Similar species. There are some sim- apophyses are forked, the connected ilarities in the structure of the male genita- branches forming a bridge. Bursa copula- lia to the genus Neurothaumasia, but trix without signa. absence of gnathos arms in male genitalia Distribution. Seven species are and the structure of corpus bursae with known, four of them occur in Europe. the fine sclerotisations in female genitalia Bionomics. Larvae of ankerella recorded make it clearly distinguishable. in rotten wood and in boreholes of beetle Distribution. Greece (Mainland, larvae (Petersen, 1957a; Zagulajev, 1964b). Islands of Samos and Rhodes), Cyprus, Remarks. This genus is clearly a mono- France (Corsica), Spain, outside Europe phyletic group. The seven known species from Turkey (unpublished records). have two apomorphic characters: a char- new records. Turkey: 1♂, 1♀, Anatolia, acteristic hindwing venation (Petersen & Antalya, 20km W, 27.v., 29.viii.1997, leg. Gaedike, 1996: figs 15–16), which differs K. Nupponen & J. Junnilainen; coll. from the tineid-like venation, and clearly Junnilainen. prolonged apodemes on ventral side of Systematic treatment of the genera and species 75 the first abdominal segment (Petersen & the inside lobe pointed; gnathos arms Gaedike, 1996: fig. 17). angled, at 1/2 broadest, apically pointed, The search for the sister-group of the subapically separated or connected; vincu- genus has so far been without any result. lum rectangularly incised at anterior edge, One reason is the lack of certain knowl- saccus as long as uncus-tegumen; valva nar- edge about the biology of larvae. They rowed distally ending in more or less probably live in boreholes of Cerambycidae rounded tip; phallus with broad base and larvae where they might be detritus-feed- bulge at 1/2, apically narrowed. ers or feed on the larval skins. Female genitalia. Ventral branch of anterior apophysis fused into narrow sclerotised band; ductus bursae without 65 Neurothaumasia ankerella (Mann, clear ostium structure, area around ostium 1867) with thin sclerotised spines. Variation. On forewings the spot on Tinea ankerella Mann, 1867: 75. costa at 3/4 sometimes connected by Tinea geratocoma Walsingham, 1907: 190. narrow white bridge with spot on dorsum Tinea ankerella var. nigratella Chrétien, at beginning of fringe. The white pattern 1917: 500; unavailable, infrasubspecific. sometimes more or less overlaid with Neurothaumasia burdigalensis Le­­ brown scales, in extreme case forewings Marchand, 1934: 22. are nearly unicoloured brown (Tinea Gallura tirsella Amsel, 1952a: 135, ankerella var. nigratella, Tinea gerato- figs 39–40. coma); the tip of prothorax and the head brush are always white. The somewhat Description. Wingspan 12–16 mm. Head variable view of uncus and valva depends brush white or light cream-coloured, later- upon preparation (figs 65a–65b). ally and above palp a thin band of dark Similar species. Superficially distin- brown scales. Labial palp inside cream- guishable from the other members of the coloured, outside brown, second segment genus by the white pattern on dark brown apically with some bristles. Antenna dark forewings, in unicoloured specimens, the brown, nearly black. Prothorax and tegula pattern is visible as a shadow. dark brown, with pointed white tip above Distribution. From the Iberian metathorax. Forewing dark brown with Peninsula (studied material as well as clearly defined white pattern: dorsum from Corley et al., 2000; Corley, 2005) through anal area to 1/2, at end connected with a France and the Balkan Peninsula to white stripe to costa, a spot at dorsum on Ukraine and the Southern part of Russia. beginning of fringe, a spot on costa at 3/4, In Central Europe known from Hungary, one small spot before and below apex; the Czech Republic and Germany, intro- fringe basally white, in the middle with duced into Denmark (Karsholt, 1978). brown scale-line, apically cream-coloured. Outside Europe, known from Morocco, Male genitalia. Uncus with two lobes, Algeria, Turkey, Iran, and Georgia. outside lobe sometimes longer than inside Bionomics. Uncertain; larvae recorded lobe, if equal, then outside lobe rounded, from rotten wood and in boreholes of 76 chapter 3 beetle larvae (Petersen, 1957a; Zagulajev, apex nearly reaches the median stripe. The 1964b). pattern is variable from brown to light brown. Similar species. The brown pattern 66 Neurothaumasia ragusaella on white or cream-coloured forewings is (Wocke, 1889) characteristic for this species. Distribution. In Europe known only Tinea ragusaella Wocke, 1889: 1. from Iberian Peninsula (Southern Spain, Tinea purella Chrétien, 1907: 340. Portugal: Algarve (Passos de Carvalho & Tinea bifasciatella Turati, 1924: 185. Corley,1995; Corley et al., 2000)), Italy: Tinea roeweri Amsel, 1939: 81, pl. iv, fig. 7. Sardinia and Sicily, outside Europe from Neurothaumasia africana Gozmány, North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, 1960: 107, fig. 2 B. Libya, Egypt). Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Description. Wingspan 11–16 mm. Head Adults have been collected in Europe brush white, sometimes cream-coloured. between June and October, in North Africa Labial palp outside brown, inside light between June and August. brown, second segment apically with some bristles. Antenna brown, scape whit- ish. Thorax white, tegula white, basally 67 Neurothaumasia macedonica brown. Forewings white or cream- Petersen, 1962 coloured, with a brown pattern: basal part, a straight stripe at 1/2 from costa to dor- Neurothaumasia macedonica Petersen, sum, sometimes interrupted in middle, 1962b: 206. fig. 1. and a stripe at costa before apex, obliquely Neurothaumasia inornata Petersen, directed to dorsum at beginning of fringe. 1966: 24, fig. 2. Male genitalia. Uncus with median incision, each lobe with longer pointed Description. Wingspan 10–15 mm. Head inner part and shorter rounded outer part; brush from light grey-brown to dark brown. gnathos arms curved, basally narrow, api- Labial palp outside brown, inside paler, cally truncated, not fused; valva ends in second segment apically with some bris- rounded tip; phallus similar to N. anker- tles. Antenna grey-brown or brown. Thorax ella, basally broad, bulging before middle. and tegula dark brown, tip of tegula and Female genitalia. Ventral branches thorax cream-coloured. Forewing cream- of anterior apophyses connected by nar- coloured with indistinct brownish pattern: row convex band, dorsal branches longer, basal area, a broad stripe at 1/2 from costa ending in a nearly square plate; edge of to dorsum, and a narrower stripe before segment VIII around ostium with short apex, the cream-coloured area more or less bristles. overlaid with brown scales. Variation. Sometimes the brown Male genitalia. Lobes of uncus not basal area on costa reaches 1/3, the stripe divided, with sclerotised band and with at 1/2 is much larger, and the stripe before pointed tip, the variability of shape depends Systematic treatment of the genera and species 77 upon preparation; between the uncus of antennae and above palps flat lobes a sclerotised tube (subuncus), Labial palp outside brown-grey, inside with basal prolongations, the shape varies cream-coloured, second segment apically (see Petersen, 1996: fig. 20); gnathos arms with some bristles. Thorax and tegula dark connected; valva basally broad, the apical brown-grey. Forewing narrow, dark brown- 1/2 clearly narrower, with rounded tip; grey with yellow spot at 1/2 on dorsum, an phallus parallel-sided, last third slightly additional short yellow stripe before apex curved. in female, almost invisible in male. Female genitalia. Ventral branches Hindwing dark grey. of anterior apophyses connected by a Male genitalia. Uncus with two long broad sclerotised area; ostium funnel- socii, basally broad, narrower to truncated shaped, with fine granular sclerotisations; tip; vinculum broad, the long thin saccus dorsal branches longer than the ventral arising from deep sinus; valva with long branches, curved. apodeme, costa straight, ventral edge Variation. The colouration varies from convex, valva at 1/2 broadest, narrower to pale grey-brown to dark brown. The vari- rounded apex; phallus as long as valva, able view of uncus and gnathos depends narrow, with some very small spines upon preparation (figs 67a–67b). subapically. Similar species. Characteristic for Female genitalia. Ventral branch of this species is the indistinct brownish pat- apophyses ends in a nearly square plate, tern on the forewings, instead of the clear ostium cup-shaped, apically with fine white (N. ankerella) or brown (N. ragu- granulate sclerotisation, first part of duc- saella) pattern as well as shape of the tus bursae strongly sclerotised. sclerotisation of subuncus. Variation. Forewing of female with a Distribution. Italy, Macedonia, short yellowish stripe, forewing of male Croatia, Greece, and Cyprus; outside without it. Europe known from Turkey, Iran and Similar species. The species differs Armenia. from the other known members of the Bionomics. Larval host unknown. genus by having narrow forewings, head Adults have been collected between May brush only in the middle of the head, the and October. basal part from neck to insertion of anten- nae and the apical part above palps cov- ered by flat scales. In male genitalia gna- 68 Neurothaumasia tenuipennella thos arms are absent. Gaedike, 2011 Distribution. In Europe known from Romania, Greece (Crete and Lesvos), Neurothaumasia tenuipennella Gaedike, Croatia (Krk Island), Spain, and France 2011a: 359, figs 1–2, 6–9. (Nel & Gaedike,2014), outside Europe from Egypt. Description. Wingspan 8–9 mm. Head Bionomics. Larval host unknown. brush dark brown-grey, nearly black, api- Adults have been collected in Europe cally paler, scales from neck to insertion between May and August. 78 chapter 3

Meessiinae Distribution. Known from Europe, northern and southern Africa; U.S.A. Meessiinae Capuşe, 1966: 106. (where according to Robinson & Nielsen, Type genus: Meessia Hofmann, 1898. 1993 it may be an introduction). The Celesticini Capuşe, 1971: 237. Australian record (under the name Type genus: Celestica Meyrick, 1917. Marcaeola linoloba) was collected between Novotineini Capuşe, 1971: 237. 1878 and 1885. Robinson & Nielsen (1993) Type genus: Novotinea Amsel, 1939. wrote: “We consider nigripunctella to have Lichenovorini Capuşe, 1971: 237. been an introduction to Australia and now Type genus: Lichenovora Petersen, 1957. to possibly be extinct.” There are two spe- Meneessiini Zagulajev, 1977: 663. cies worldwide, both occurring in Europe. Type genus: Meneessia Zagulajev, 1974. Bionomics. See under nigripunctella. Infurcitineinae Gozmány, 1965: 117. Type genus: Infurcitinea Spuler, 1910. 69 Tenaga nigripunctella (Haworth, 1828) Tenaga Clemens, 1862 Tinea nigripunctella Haworth, 1828: 564. Tenaga Clemens, 1862: 135. Tenaga pomiliella Clemens, 1862: 136. Type species: Tenaga pomiliella Tinea moeniella Rössler, 1877: 376. Clemens, 1862. Macraeola linobola Meyrick, 1893: 555. Macraeola Meyrick, 1893: 554. Tinea sesquitertia Meyrick, 1909: 361. Type species: Macraeola linobola Meyrick, 1893. Description. Wingspan 8–11 mm. Head Lichenovora Petersen, 1957b: 344. brush yellowish. Eyes very small. Labial Type species: Tinea nigripunctella palp inside light cream-coloured, outside Haworth, 1828. somewhat darker. Thorax and tegula yel- lowish. Forewing yellowish, with pattern of Description. Small species, yellowish three grey-brown bands from costa to dor- with brown bands on forewing, scales on sum, the first near base, the second at 1/2, head brush elongate, antenna a little longer the third at 3/4, the area between bands than forewing, second segment of labial more or less overlaid with individual grey- palp bristled, without maxillary palp. brown scales. Hindwing narrow, light grey. Male genitalia. Characteristic is the Male genitalia. Uncus more or less deep, square-shaped vinculum without sac- hyaline, rounded apically, tegumen nar- cus, simple valva, very small gnathos arms. row; vinculum broad, basal edge more Ventral part of segment VIII divided medially strongly sclerotised, laterally with short into two triangular parts, more sclerotised pointed tip; gnathos arms short, narrowly than the remainder of segment (see fig. 70a). triangular, basally fused with tegumen; Female genitalia. Segment VIII valva with long apodeme (more than half entirely membranous; ostium located in of the length of valva), parallel-sided, api- the intersegmental membrane. cally rounded, basally with blunt process; Systematic treatment of the genera and species 79 phallus curved ventrad, subapically with a house in Cincinnati. As the number of very short, but always visible tooth. adults increase with heavy infestation by Female genitalia. Oviscapt very rats, the species might breed in rodent long; ostium surrounded by collar-shaped nests. This argument is persuasive, because sclerotisation (an open ring, the ends the known distribution is correlated with broader). maritime trade routes. Variation. Forewings overlaid more Adults have been collected between or less with individual grey-brown scales. May and October. Similar species. The species is dis- tinguishable from T. rhenania only by structures of the genitalia. Male: vinculum 70 Tenaga rhenania (Petersen, 1962) basally edged (T. rhenania with laterally rounded vinculum), phallus subapically Lichenovora rhenania Petersen, 1962a: 533, with minute tooth (T. rhenania without figs 5–6. tooth). Female: ostium surrounded by Lichenovora nigripunctella Petersen, collar-shaped sclerotisation (T. rhenania 1957b: 344, figs 156–157 (nec Haworth, with broad sclerotisation, the size is 1828); misidentification. variable). Distribution. Atlantic islands Description. Superficially not distin- (Madeira, Canary islands, Azores), Iberian guishable from nigripunctella and there- Peninsula through France and Italy to fore not figured. Balkan Peninsula (Croatia, Greece), other Male genitalia. Closely related to European records are from Great Britain nigripunctella, but vinculum laterally and from Ukraine. Literature records for rounded, without pointed tip; valva nar- other countries (Austria, Switzerland, rower in the distal half; phallus without Bulgaria, Romania) are uncertain with subapical tooth. regards to the following species until the Female genitalia. The collar-shaped relevant specimens’ genitalia can be exam- sclerotisation around ostium mostly ined. Outside Europe in the Palaearctic broad, tapered to blunt ends. region recorded from Georgia and Morocco, Variation. The ends of the collar- from the Afrotropical and Nearctic regions. shaped sclerotisation around ostium Bionomics. Robinson & Nielsen (1993) sometimes broadened, triangular-shaped, clarified the various indications about the the connection narrow (figs 70b-790d). biology: The statement by Spuler (1910), Similar species. see under T. that larvae are casemakers and feed on nigripunctella. lichens is almost certainly erroneous, it Distribution. Iberian Peninsula refers to Eumasia parietariella. The through France and Italy to Croatia description of the larval case of T. and Greece, eastwards through Romania nigripunctella, given by Pelham-Clinton to Moldavia, and in Central Europe (1985), refers to that species, too. Braun from Austria, Switzerland, Germany, and (citation by Daltry, 1929) found nigripunc- Czech Republic (according to Liška et al. tella (as T. pomiliella) common in her 2008). 80 chapter 3

Bionomics. Unknown, probably the 71 Matratinea rufulicaput Sziraki & same as T. nigripunctella. Adults have been Szöcs, 1990 collected between May and October. Matratinea rufulicaput Sziraki & Szöcs, 1990: 196, figs 1–6. Matratinea Sziraki, 1990 Description. See diagnosis of the genus. Matratinea Sziraki, 1990: 193. Variation. The studied specimens Type species: Matratinea rufulicaput show no variation. Sziraki & Szöcs, 1990 Similar species. The dark brown, shining, purple iridescent thorax, tegula Description. Wingspan 9–10mm. Head and forewing, and the yellowish spots on brush from neck to insertion of antennae forewing distinguish the species from dark brown, apical half light brown, laterally other Meessiinae, greater differences are somewhat darker. Labial palp short, straight, visible in the male genitalia (rhomboid second segment with some bristles. Thorax valva with long costal process with apical and tegula dark brown, shining, purple iri- pecten and the curved very long phallus). descent. Forewing with same colouration, Distribution. Hitherto known only with pattern of yellowish spots: on costa at from Hungary (type locality), Czech 1/2 and at 3/4, and at apex, on dorsum nearly Republic (Šumpich et al., 2009), Croatia opposite the costal spots, the dots are not (unpublished record), Bulgaria (Vlas), and fused into a fascia. Hindwing grey. Greece (Lesvos island). Male genitalia. Uncus nearly trian- new record. Croatia: 1 ♀, Peljesac gular, apically rounded, without gnathos; Peninsula, Zuljana env., 1–13.vii.2005, leg. J. vinculum broad, saccus narrower to pointed Šumpich, coll. Šumpich. tip, laterally with deep incision; valva rhom- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. boid, with a long costal process, the apical The adults were collected by using phero- pecten with approximately 10–12 blunt teeth, mone for Sesiidae (Sziraki & Szöcs, the ventral edge apically with a short pointed 1990). According to Robinson (2009), the thorn; phallus nearly 1.5 times as long as exact name for the pheromone is: (E.Z.)- valva, basally rounded, curved, subapically 3,13-Octadecadien-1–01. Adults have been with an area of some thin thorns, apex collected between June and August. rounded, vesica with small thin cornuti. Remarks. The distribution of this spe- Female genitalia. Ventral branch of cies is probably wider than the records apophyses anteriores end in a bristled suggest. transverse convex band, with fine longitu- dinal sclerotisation, lateral to ostium; pos- terior part of ductus bursae broad, more Eudarcia Clemens, 1860 strongly sclerotised than anterior part. Distribution. Three species are Eudarcia Clemens, 1860: 10. known the typical species from Europe and Type species: Eudarcia simulatricella two species from China (Xiao & Li, 2008). Clemens, 1860. Bionomics. Unknown. Demobrotis Meyrick, 1893: 555. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 81

Type species: Demobrotis anaglypta second segment with lateral bristles and Meyrick, 1893. with terminal whorl of bristles. Antenna Meessia Hofmann, 1898: 227. nearly reached length of forewing, scape Type species: Tinea vinculella Herrich- with pecten of 5–8 bristles, swollen and Schäffer, 1854. slightly flattened in males, slender and Leptochersa Meyrick, 1919: 272. cylindrical in females. Wings with reduced Type species: Leptochersa diarthra venation: M3 reduced in both fore- and Meyrick, 1919. hindwing, CuA2 lost in forewing; in the Protodarcia Forbes, 1931: 389. forewing Sc is displaced anteriorly and Type species: Protodarcia bicolorella bears a broad and shallow fold. Hindwing Forbes, 1931. with frenulum of two bristles (♀) or single Obesoceras Petersen, 1957b: 352. slender bristle (♂); pattern violet-black Type species: Tinea granulatella with transverse silver-white markings of Herrich-Schäffer, 1854. stripes and dots or pale and speckled. Neomeessia Petersen, 1968: 58. Some species with brachypterous females. Type species: Neomeessia gracilis Male genitalia. Vinculum and tegu- Petersen, 1968. men not differentiated, forming an oblique Brachys Zagulajev, 1979: 314. ring, saccus variably developed; uncus Type species: Meessia brachyptera variable, almost two separated lobes, Passerin d’Entrevès, 1974. sometimes without lobes; gnathos incon- Nigris Zagulajev, 1979: 317. spicuous, a pair of small triangular scler- Type species: Tinea leopoldella Costa, ites fused with tegumen, subscaphium 1832. often forming a spinose pad between arms Gallis Zagulajev, 1979: 336. of gnathos; valva of very variable form; Type species: Meessia alberti Amsel, phallus rather short and cylindrical, with 1957. one or more cornuti. Colchiromis Zagulajev, 1979: 361. Female genitalia. Apophyses ante- Type species: Obesoceras croaticum riores often connected by band-shaped Petersen, 1957. sclerotisation, sometimes forked, dorsal Abchagleris Zagulajev, 1979: 366. branch elongate; ostium and first part of Type species: Obesoceras abchasicum ductus bursae more strongly sclerotised, Zagulajev, 1979. corpus bursae often with signum - longitu- Haugresis Zagulajev, 1979: 382. dinal bar or blade or a number of small Type species: Obesoceras aureliani thorns. Capuşe, 1967. Distribution. Distributed world- Zagulyaevella Koçak, 1981b: 23. wide, most of the currently known species Replacement name for Brachys are from the Palaearctic region. 39 species Zagulajev, 1979 (nec Brachys Dejean, 1833). are known In Europe. Pseudobesoceras Gaedike, 1985: 177. Bionomics. All known larvae are case- Type species: Tinea holtzi Rebel, 1902. makers, feeding on lichens or algae on rocks. A compilation of recent knowledge Description. Small to very small species about the biology is given by Robinson (wingspan 4–11 mm). Labial palp drooping, (2009). 82 chapter 3

Remarks. The splitting of the European Tinea vinculella Herrich-Schäffer, 1850: species into several subgenera was based pl. 40, fig. 275 (not binominal) on the results of study of only the Tinea vinculella Zeller, 1852: 173. Palaearctic members of the genus. Tinea vinctella Zeller, 1852: 174 (note) Robinson & Nielsen (1993) criticised this (synonym) and stated, that …” any future re-examina- Tinea vinculella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854: tion of the constituent species-groups of 75 (synonym and homonym). Eudarcia should … take into account the Meessia pachyceras Walsingham, 1900b: world’s species and have a sound phyloge- 178. netic basis....” To follow this proposal the use of subge- Description. Wingspan 7–10 mm. Head neric division has been renounced below. brush yellow. Antenna ringed brown and The taxa, formerly listed in several subgen- yellow, scape yellow, pecten (approxi- era, can be associated in groups on the mately ten bristles) brown. Labial palp base of similar characters. dark brown. Thorax and tegula black- brown, violet-shining. Forewing also The first group of species was previously black-brown, with a white pattern: a nearly known as genus Meessia Hofmann, 1898. vertical stripe from costa to dorsum at 1/3, It was revised by Passerin d’Entrèves another stripe from costa to dorsum at (1975). beginning of fringe after 1/2, interrupted Superficially characterised by having in the middle, and a short stripe on costa almost violet-shining black-brown fore- before apex; fringe dark brown, tips of wings with silver-white markings (stripes scales around apex whitish. Hindwings or spots). Females of some of them are grey-brown. brachypterous. In the male genitalia uncus Male genitalia. Uncus apically apically rounded, without clear lobes, rounded, without lobes; vinculum forming subscaphium a rod between arms of ventrally a large square plate with rounded gnathos. Female genitalia almost with apical edges, saccus as long as this plate, forked anterior apophyses, dorsal branches with pointed tip; gnathos arms triangular, thin and longer than ventral branches, subscaphium a rod, divided apically and area around ostium and first part of ductus connected with gnathos arms; valva more bursae more strongly sclerotised, without than half of the length of uncus-tegumen- signa. saccus, with long curved apodeme, costal edge concave, becoming abruptly nar- rower before the thin pointed apex, cen- 72 Eudarcia pagenstecherella (Hübner, tral edge before 1/2 with triangular pro- 1825) cess, folded up, it looks different depending upon preparation (see fig. 72a); phallus as Antispila pagenstecherella Hübner, 1825: long as valva, basally rounded, apically 419. more strongly sclerotised, with small Tinea vinctella Herrich-Schäffer, 1850: lateral thorn, vesica with two small arrow- pl. 40, fig. 274. head-shaped cornuti. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 83

Female genitalia. Apophyses ante- of vinctella and vinculella, overlooking this riores not forked, apically connected synonymisation. He established, that the through more strongly sclerotised band, description of Tinea vinctella Herrich- which covers ostium; ostium and posterior Schäffer, 1850: pl. 40, fig. 274 is valid, part of ductus bursae more strongly sclero- as the illustration was named binomi- tised, at the anterior end of sclerotisation nally, contrary to fig. 275 of the same an area with some very small thorns, the plate (­illustration only with the name anterior part of ductus only with longitu- vinculella). dinal thin sclerotisations and minute Some confusion resulted following the thorns; the region posterior to ostium designation of Antispila pagenstecherella wrinkled. as type-species of Antispila by Hampson Variation. The pattern of forewings (1918). Antispila is universally accepted as is variable (see Petersen, 1986), in males a member of Heliozelidae, and has consis- the cornuti are more or less dentate tently been interpreted in the sense of (fig. 72b). the formally invalid, because later, Similar species. Unique in this group ­designation of Antispila stadtmuellerella of species is the large square plate of vin- Hübner as type-species by Fletcher (1929). culum in the male genitalia. Differences To clarify this problem, the International from E. herculanella see below. Commission of Zoological Nomenclature Distribution. From France (Leraut, was requested to validate Fletcher's desig- 1980) and Italy through Central Europe to nation of type-species and suppress all Romania. earlier designations. This request was con- Bionomics. Larva feeds on green algae firmed in the Opinion 1479. (Bettag & Bastian, 1996) and on lichens on walls (Rammert, 1989). Schütze (1931) found larvae in “biscuit-shaped” cases on 73 Eudarcia herculanella (Capuşe, green “dust-lichens” on shaded rocks and 1966) old walls. Adults have been collected between June and August. Meessia herculanella Capuşe, 1966: 110, Remarks. The synonymy of this spe- figs 16–18. cies is somewhat complicated. I refer here to Karsholt & Razowski (1996). Tinea Description. Wingspan 8 mm; Head pagenstecherella is a replacement name brush yellowish, scales above palps some- for Tinea merianella sensu Hübner, 1805, a what darker. Labial palp brown. Antenna secondary homonym of Phalaena (Tinea) ringed brown and yellow, scape yellow, merianella Linnaeus, 1758, which both pecten (approximately ten bristles) brown. Denis & Schiffermüller and Hübner placed Thorax and tegula brown. Forewing on in the genus Tinea. Heyden (1861) syn- brown ground-colour with a pattern of onymised it with the younger T. vinculella white stripes: the first stripe at 1/4 from Herrich-Schäffer which, however, went costa to dorsum, the second at 1/2, some- into common use. Petersen (1986) dis- what oblique from costa to dorsum, cussed in detail the synonymy and validity interrupted beneath cell, the third on 84 chapter 3 costa before apex, not reaching fringe; Europe recorded from Georgia (Zagulajev, fringe brown, tips white. Hindwing brown. 1979). Male genitalia. Uncus apically Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The rounded, with short but distinct incision holotype was collected in July, the speci- at apex; proximal edge of vinculum with men from Slovenia in August. two lateral incisions, saccus more or less Remarks. Capuşe described this taxon triangular, with pointed tip; subscaphium based on a female holotype. In a footnote a thin rod, ending in two spinose pro- in the original description he wrote: “After cesses, gnathos arms triangular, hardly the present paper was sent to press, I connected with subscaphium; valva nearly received through the kindness of Dr. F. as long as uncus-tegumen-saccus, costal Kasy of the Vienna Museum, 5 ♂ and 1 ♀ edge straight to pointed tip, ventral edge at from Baile Herculane, all belonging to this 1/2 with small bristled process, convex,but species.” One year later he published a tapering beyond middle; phallus approxi- redescription of herculanella and indi- mately half the length of valva, vesica with cated these specimens as allotype and two arrowhead-shaped cornuti, each with paratypes (Capuşe,1967b), which of course a very small additional tooth. is not valid (ICZN 1999). Female genitalia. Apophyses ante- riores not forked, ending in an irregular sclerite around ostium; ostium and poste- 74 Eudarcia leopoldella (Costa, 1832) rior half of ductus bursae strongly sclero- tised, the sclerotisation ends in a smaller Tinea leopoldella Costa, 1832: 5. region with some more strongly sclero- Tinea oberthurella Millière, 1879: 121. tised thorns, anterior half of ductus with Meessia klimeschi Amsel, 1954: 10, pl. 1, longitudinal thin rows with very small figs 8–10. thorns. Meessia klimeschi apenninica Parenti, Variation. The studied specimens 1964: 142, figs 3–4. show no variation. Meessia klimeschi emiliana Parenti, Similar species. Superficially 1964: 142, figs 5–6, 9. similar to E. pagenstecherella, but the colouration is not violet-shining. Clear Description. Wingspan 5–6 mm. Head differences visible in the structure of the brush from neck to insertion of antennae genitalia: males with uncus apically pale yellow, remainder of head with brown incised, vinculum with lateral incisions, scales. Labial palp light grey. Antenna without large square plate, subscaphium ringed, scape cream-coloured, pecten with spinose processes, costal edge of (approximately 4 bristles) brown. Thorax valva straight, ventral edge with bristled and tegula dark brown. Forewing dark process; females with a region with trian- brown, with pattern of white stripes and gular thorns at the end of the sclerotised spots: a stripe from costa to dorsum at 1/3, part of ductus bursae. outwardly convex, a spot on costa at 1/2, Distribution. Slovenia, Romania reaching cell, a hook-shaped spot on costa (Baile Herculane, type locality), outside before apex, and a spot on dorsum at Systematic treatment of the genera and species 85 beginning of fringe; fringe dark brown collected on 15 December (according to with white tip. Hindwing grey. Domínguez & Baixeras, 1995b) Male genitalia. Uncus apically Remarks. The two taxa emiliana and rounded; vinculum without any incision, apenninica, described as subspecies of klime- saccus long, narrow, with rounded tip; sub- schi by Parenti (1964) are not subspecific, scaphium a rod, in the middle somewhat they are clear synonyms of E. leopoldella. broader; valva as long as uncus, basally with broad hook-shaped ventral process, dor- sally nearly straight to pointed tip, ventrally 75 Eudarcia daghestanica (Zagulajev, beyond process oblique to pointed angle 1993) below tip; phallus approximately 1.4 times length of valva, with three pointed cornuti. Meessia daghestanica Zagulajev, 1993: 119, Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- figs 1–2. oris forked, dorsal branch thin, apically with two long setae; ostium with sclero- Description. Wingspan 5–6 mm. Head tised narrow or broader (fig. 74a) ring with brush white-yellow, on the neck dots of very small thorns; first part of ductus bur- blackish scales. Labial palp light yellowish. sae more sclerotised; corpus bursae cov- Antenna shining, brown-grey, weakly ered with small triangular thorns. ringed. Thorax and tegula whitish yellow, Variation. The white stripe on fore- tegula apically brownish. Forewing narrow, wing from costa to dorsum sometimes shining, blackish, with pattern of whitish interrupted in the middle. In male genita- yellow stripes and spots: one broad stripe at lia sometimes the angle below tip of valva 1/4 from costa to dorsum, the second stripe hardly developed (fig. 74a) at 1/2 from costa to dorsum at beginning of Similar species. Superficially not fringe, in the middle somewhat interrupted safely distinguishable from the three spe- by dark scales, a spot before apex on dor- cies mentioned above and similar to E. sum, dorsum from base to the first stripe vacriensis. In male genitalia the valva whitish yellow too; fringe blackish, tips yel- basally with hook-shaped ventral process, lowish grey. Hindwing shining grey-brown. beyond process oblique to pointed angle Male genitalia. Unknown. below tip and in female genitalia the Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- thorned ring around ostium are reliable oris forked; ostium slightly sclerotised; differences. first part of ductus bursae with some lon- Distribution. Spain (Catalonia) gitudinal striations; corpus bursae basally through South France to Italy. with small triangular thorns. Bionomics. Larva feeds on Chlorella Variation. Unknown. spp. and Chlorococcus spp. (Domínguez & Similar species. Superficially E. Baixeras, 1995b). The case was figured by daghestanica is distinguishable from other Baldizzone (1971) under the name Meessia members of the genus by having very klimeschi. Adults have been collected in broad whitish stripes. More detailed facts April and May and in June and July, two may be available after discovery of the specimens in Spain (Girona: Pals) were males. 86 chapter 3

Distribution. South European apically truncate, with two pointed tips; Russia: Daghestan, environs of phallus approximately twice as long as Makhachkala (type locality). valva, narrow, with two thin pointed Bionomics. According to Zagulajev cornuti. (1993) larvae (in cases) after overwintering Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- were found feeding on lichens on rocks. oris forked, dorsal branch thin, apically They became active on a sunny rock face at with two setae; ostium large, more sclero- temperature of 15–17° C. The feeding period tised, at each side with broad rounded in captivity was from 20th April to the end sickle-shaped sclerotisation; ductus bur- of May. Adults emerged two weeks later. sae strongly sclerotised; corpus bursae Remarks. I have not seen any speci- with small triangular thorns at the men of this taxon. The description here is bottom. based on a shortened translation of the Variation. The studied specimens original description. show no variation. Similar species. Superficially charac- terised by bicoloured head brush and the 76 Eudarcia richardsoni (Walsingham, unringed antenna. The very long saccus, 1900) the narrow valva, the long phallus with two cornuti in the male genitalia, and the Tinea richardsoni Walsingham, 1900b: 176. sickle-shaped sclerotisation around ostium in female genitalia make E. richard- Description. Wingspan 7–9 mm. Head soni distinguishable from the other mem- brush bicoloured, dark brown from neck bers of this group of species. to insertion of antennae, yellowish cream- Distribution. Hitherto known only coloured anterior to the insertion. Labial from Great Britain, Croatia (unpublished palp shining grey. Antenna dorsally brown, record), and Switzerland (Canton Vaud: ventrally yellowish, scape yellowish. Thorax Cudrefin La Sauge (Schmid, 2013)). and tegula dark brown. Forewing dark new record. Croatia: 1♂, Muškovci, brown with pattern of white stripes and 17.vi.2001, leg. L. Srnka, coll. Tokar. spots: a thin stripe at 1/4 from costa to dor- Bionomics. A very detailed descrip- sum, convex on outer side, second stripe tion of the biology of E. richardsoni in at 1/2 from costa to dorsum, often inter- Great Britain is given by Pelham-Clinton rupted in the middle by dark scales, a hook- (1985). Larvae feed on Desmococcus spp. shaped spot on costa before apex; fringe (Parsons & Sterling, 1995), they were dark brown, with grey tip. Hindwing grey. described in detail by Richardson (1895). Male genitalia. Uncus apically Adults have been collected in June and rounded; vinculum with very long narrow July. saccus with rounded tip; subscaphium a Remarks. In his original description rod, in the middle somewhat broader, gna- Walsingham explained in detail the his- thos arms small, triangular; valva as long tory of the earlier misinterpretation of as saccus, narrow, lightly bent, basally this taxon as “Tinea vinculella H.-S.” by with broad hook-shaped ventral process, Richardson (1895). Systematic treatment of the genera and species 87

77 Eudarcia vacriensis (Parenti, 1964) Remarks. The only available speci- mens were not adequate for making a Meessia klimeschi vacriensis Parenti, 1964: colour image. 142, figs 7–8.

Description. Wingspan 5 mm. Head 78 Eudarcia nigraella (Mariani, 1937) brush whitish. Antenna light ringed, scape whitish. Forewing brown with pattern of Meessia nigraella Mariani, 1937: 11. white stripes and spot: a stripe at 1/4 from Meessia nigrella Hartig, 1939: 7. costa to dorsum, interrupted in the middle, (misspelling) a spot on costa at 1/2, a spot before apex, nearly reaching termen, a spot on dorsum Description. Wingspan 5–7 mm. Head at beginning of fringe, obliquely opposite brush on the neck and above palps the spot at 1/2 on costa; fringe brown. brown, other parts whitish. Labial palp Hindwing grey. light grey-brown, inside paler. Antenna Male genitalia. Uncus apically dorsally ringed, ventrally unicolorous rounded; gnathos arms very small, trian- whitish, scape whitish. Labial palp light gular, subscaphium a narrow rod, basally grey-brown, inside paler. Thorax and and apically rounded; saccus long, narrow, tegula dark brown. Forewing dark brown, with rounded tip; valva as long as uncus, with pattern of white stripes and dots. costal edge straight, narrower to apex, a Males with thin stripes and spots: first little curved upwards to the pointed tip, stripe at 1/4 from costa to dorsum, second with nearly square enlargement at base; stripe just beyond 1/2 from costa to dor- phallus a little longer than valva, parallel- sum, a somewhat hook-shaped spot on sided, with two pointed cornuti. costa before apex. Females with broader Female genitalia. As it was impos- stripes and spots: second stripe inter- sible for me to study a female specimen, rupted on cell into two broader spots, I refer here to the illustration in Passerin the spot before apex straight. Hindwing d’Entrèves (1975: tav. 4c). grey. Variation. The studied specimens Male genitalia. Uncus narrowed to show no variation. rounded tip, gnathos arms absent, sub- Similar species. Superficially similar scaphium basally broader than apically; to E. leopoldella, but clear differences vinculum with short curvature opposite are visible in the shape of male genitalia. the long saccus; valva as long as uncus, The valva is narrower and smaller, with basally broad, narrower to rounded apex, more or less pointed tip, phallus with two costal edge lightly convex, ventral edge cornuti. rounded, from the middle of base to ven- Distribution. Italy (type locality: env. tral edge a row with some blunt sclerotised of Vacri). teeth; phallus as long as valva, narrow, Bionomics. Larvae feed on Chlorella apically prolonged into a cornutus-like spp. and Chlorococcus spp. (Parenti, 1964). pointed sclerotisation, with one pointed Adults were collected in June. cornutus. 88 chapter 3

Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- to dorsum at 1/4 a nearly straight stripe, oris forked, dorsal branch thin, apically broadened from costa to dorsum, two setose; ostium with ring-shaped sclerotisa- spots on costa, the first at 1/2, the second, tion, laterally connected with wrinkled hook-shaped, before apex, the third on sclerotisations, first part of ductus bursae dorsum, at beginning of fringe, opposite stronger sclerotised, corpus bursae with the first spot; fringe dark brown, tips white. longitudinal thin striations with minute Females with white stripe and spots sclerotised thorns. broader. Hindwing grey. Variation. The white stripes and spots Male genitalia. Uncus nearly trian- on forewings are narrow in males and gular, with narrow rounded tip; gnathos broader in females. In male genitalia the arms small, triangular; subscaphium shape of valva is variable (fig. 78a) rhomboid; vinculum with long saccus; Similar species. The proximal valva a little longer than uncus, with long process on the vinculum and the shape and narrow apodeme, from broad base of valva with the characteristic row narrowed to pointed apex; the inner side with sclerotised teeth are structures with irregular, strongly sclerotised stripes which make this species distinguishable and wrinkles; phallus nearly 1.5 times from the other members of this group of length of valva, thin, with two thin pointed species. cornuti. Distribution. France (Alpes mari- Female genitalia. Apophysis anteri- times: Passerin'Entrèves, 1975) through oris forked, dorsal branch thin and setose; Italy (with Sardinia and Sicily) to Croatia ostium, the proximal edge of segment (Passerin'Entrèves, 1975), outside Europe VIII and first part of ductus bursae more from Tunisia and Georgia. strongly sclerotised, in ductus some irreg- Bionomics. Larvae feeding on lichens ular shaped sclerotisations and thin sclero- on rocks. Eggs, larvae, cases and pupae tised striations. were described in detail by Zagulajev Variation. The forewing of male with (1979). Adults have been collected in June narrower white pattern elements than in and July. the female. Similar species. The white stripe, clearly broadened in the dorsal half, the 79 Eudarcia nerviella (Amsel, 1954) shape of valva with the sclerotised stripes and wrinkles, the very long thin phallus Meessia nerviella Amsel, 1954: 14, pl. 1, in male genitalia and the rich irregular figs 13–14. sclerotisations in ductus bursae together with the sclerotised proximal edge of seg- Description. Wingspan 6–7 mm. Head ment VIII in female genitalia make this brush light yellowish, brown around eyes. species distinguishable from the other Labial palp outside brown, inside yellow- members of this species-group. ish. Antenna ringed, scape yellowish. Distribution. Italy, Liguria. Thorax and tegula dark brown. Forewing Bionomics. Larvae found feeding dark brown with white pattern: from costa on unicellular algae on dry-stone walls Systematic treatment of the genera and species 89 in Italy (Baldizzone, 1974a). Adults have Female genitalia. Unknown. been collected between March and Variation. Unknown, because only May. one specimen was available. The shape of valva varies depending upon preparation (fig. 80a) 80 Eudarcia mensella (Walsingham, Similar species. In male genitalia 1900) there are some similarities to E. nerviella, but valva with rounded tip (instead of Tinea (Meessia) mensella Walsingham, pointed tip in nerviella), phallus only as 1900b: 178. long as valva (instead of 1.5 times longer in E. nerviella). Description. The only specimen which I Distribution. France: Corsica, could examine superficially is in a very Ajaccio (type locality), Bocognano. poor condition, so that it is be better to Bionomics. Larval host unknown. repeat the original description: Adults were collected in June. “Antennae simple; pale greyish fuscous. Remarks. The description of the adult Palpi dependent; whitish cinereous. Head given here is the original description by blackish above, face whitish. Thorax Walsingham (1900). blackish, the end of tegulae white. Fore- wings blackish; a small white patch at the base of the dorsum; a nearly straight 81 Eudarcia palanfreella Baldizzone & oblique white fascia at one-third; an Gaedike, 2004 obliquely placed pair of white marginal spots at two-thirds, and an equally large Eudarcia palanfreella Baldizzone & white costal spot before the apex; cilia Gaedike, 2004: 20, figs 1–4, pl. ix, fig. 6. brownish fuscous with blackish speck- lings along their base, the extreme tips Description. Head brush cream- of the apical cilia white. Exp. Al., 6.5 mm. coloured, neck and above palps brown. Hind-wings and cilia brownish fuscous. Antenna ringed, scape cream-coloured. Abdomen greyish fuscous. Legs greyish Thorax and tegula dark brown. fuscous, spurs and hind tarsal joints Males: Wingspan 5–7 mm. Forewing slightly paler.” dark brown with white pattern: at 1/3 an Male genitalia. Uncus apically oblique stripe from costa to dorsum, an rounded; gnathos arms small, triangular; oblique spot at 1/2 on costa, before apex subscaphium narrow, with rounded ends; another spot, on dorsum at beginning of vinculum broad, triangular to narrow sac- fringe a spot, nearly reaching the oblique cus with a very small pointed tip; valva as spot at 1/2; fringe dark brown, tips whitish. long as uncus, from broad base more or Hindwing grey. less evenly narrowed to rounded tip, on Females: Brachypterous, wingspan inside some irregularly formed sclerotisa- 4 mm. Forewing with white stripe at tions; phallus as long as valva, with two 1/3 vertically from costa to dorsum, the narrow pointed cornuti. spot at 1/2 very small, the spot before apex 90 chapter 3 hook-shaped, the whitish part of fringe Antenna ringed, scape cream-coloured. larger. Hindwing very reduced. Thorax and tegula dark brown. Male genitalia. Uncus broad, the last Males: wingspan 4.5–5 mm. Forewing third narrower to rounded tip, with flat inci- dark brown with white pattern: a broad sion; gnathos arms triangular, subscaphium white stripe at 1/3, oblique from costa to half as long as uncus, ending in two lateral dorsum, white spots on costa beyond 1/2 bent processes; vinculum with nearly trian- and before apex, a white spot on dorsum gular saccus, proximal edge with curvature; at beginning of fringe, opposite the costal valva nearly as long as uncus-tegumen-sac- spot beyond 1/2; fringe with white tip. cus, basal third square, then narrowed to Hindwing light grey. pointed tip, costal edge concave, ventral Females: wingspan 3–3.5 mm, brachyp- edge convex; phallus approximately 0.5 terous. Forewing with same pattern as male. times length of valva, lightly curved, with Male genitalia. Uncus with two one small thorn-shaped cornutus. short rounded socii; gnathos arms triangu- Female genitalia. Dorsal branches lar, connected by narrow band under the of anterior apophyses connected to form a subscaphium; distal margin of vinculum band, around ostium enlarged; ostium and with deep incision at each side, saccus first part of ductus bursae more strongly long, narrow, with minute tip; valva as long sclerotised. as uncus, basally broad, narrower from 1/2 Variation. Females: sometimes the to rounded tip; phallus approximately 1.5 spot at 1/2 on forewing is absent times length of valva, narrow, with thin (Baldizzone, 2007: fig. 7). pointed tip; anellus basally with two fin- Similar species. Differences from E. ger-shaped processes, closely connected brachyptera see under that species. with phallus. Distribution. Italy: Piemonte Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- (Natural Park Alpi Marittime). sis forked, dorsal branch thin, tip setose; Bionomics. Baldizzone (2007) reared ostium and first part of ductus bursae a large series from several lichens (Aspicilia more strongly sclerotised, area distal to contorta (Hoffm.) Krempelh, Caloplaca ostium wrinkled. citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., Verrucaria cal- Variation. No variation was found ciseda DC, Verrucaria nigrescens Pers.). because of the few studied specimens. Adults have been collected in June. Similar species. Superficially similar to E. palanfreella, but the head brush is uni­ coloured. Distinct differences are visible in 82 Eudarcia brachyptera (Passerin the genitalia structures. The distinct short d'Entrèves, 1974) socii, the proximal edge of vinculum with the two incisions, valva with rounded tip, Meessia brachyptera Passerin d'Entrèves, phallus 1.5 times longer than valva in 1974: 1, figs 1–2, pl. 1, pl. 2: fig. a. males, the forked apophyses in females make the species distinguishable from Description. Head brush light cream- E. palanfreella. coloured; Labial palp cream-coloured. Distribution. Italy (type series). Systematic treatment of the genera and species 91

Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- majority of adults were collected between ses forked, dorsal branches short, ventrally 9 and 29 May, but some specimens were connected by a broad sclerotised band; collected on 3 April. ostium and ductus bursae hardly sclerotised. Variation. The stripe at 1/4 some- 83 Eudarcia gallica (Petersen, 1962) times very narrow, interrupted in the mid- dle, the spot at ½ on costa to cell and the Meessia gallica Petersen, 1962a: 534, short patch on dorsum sometimes fig. 9. connected. Similar species. The absence of gna- Description. Head brush yellowish- thos arms and subscaphium is similar to white, neck brown, above palps whitish. the following species, but the shape of Antenna ringed. Labial palp brown, uncus (broad, rounded) and valva (narrow, inner side paler. Thorax and tegula nearly straight, with rounded tip) and the finger- black. like process on vinculum are clear differ- Males: wingspan 6–7 mm. Forewing ences, and the females of E. alberti are not nearly black with pattern of white stripes brachypterous. and spots: at 1/4 from costa to dorsum a Distribution. France (Thuès-les white stripe, costal half outwardly oblique, Bains - type locality; Pyrenées centr.), dorsal half at right angles to dorsum, a nar- Spain (Caralps) and Andorra (Sauter, row spot at 1/2 on costa to cell, before apex a 1985). more or less hook-shaped spot, a spot at Bionomics. Unknown. Adults have beginning of fringe on dorsum, opposite the been collected in July. spot at 1/2 on costa; fringe with white tip. Remarks. Passerin d’Entrèves (1975) Females (according to Sauter, 1985): proved that the specimen, which Brachypterous, wingspan 5 mm. Length of Petersen (1962a) determined in the origi- forewing approximately 2/3 of the length nal description as the female of gallica, is of the male forewing, the white pattern in fact Eudarcia leopoldella. The real similar to that of males, but the first white female was described by Sauter (1982; stripe normally interrupted in the middle. 1985). Hindwing grey-brown, approximately half of the length of male hindwing. Male genitalia. Uncus broad, 84 Eudarcia alberti (Amsel, 1957) rounded, apically with small notch; gnathos arms and subscaphium absent; Meessia alberti Amsel, 1957: 31, fig. 3. vinculum with slender saccus, apical edge with small finger-like process; Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head valva as long as uncus-tegumen-saccus, brush whitish, neck brown. Labial palp narrow, straight, with rounded tip; phallus brown, inner side paler. Antenna ringed, as long as uncus, with two thorn-like scape brown. Thorax and tegula dark cornuti. brown. Forewing dark brown with pattern 92 chapter 3 of white stripes and spots: at 1/4 a nearly 85 Eudarcia hellenica Gaedike, 2007 oblique stripe from costa to dorsum, at 1/2 on costa a spot, before apex a hook-shaped Eudarcia hellenica Gaedike, 2007: 165, spot or stripe, nearly reaching fringe; on figs 10, 47–49. dorsum, opposite the spot at 1/2, a smaller spot, extended into fringe; fringe at apex Description. Wingspan 5 mm. Head with white tip. Hindwing grey. whitish grey, with brown-grey scales Male genitalia. Uncus triangular, around base of antennae and on neck. with pointed tip; gnathos arms and sub- Labial palp whitish. Antenna unico- scaphium absent; vinculum with slender loured grey; Thorax black. Forewing dark saccus; valva as long as uncus, basally brown, nearly black, with pattern of white broad, narrowed to a short finger-like tip, bands and spots: white band at 1/3 from ventral edge before apex with thin long, costa to dorsum, white spot at costa strong sclerotised thorn-like process, nor- beyond 1/2, reaching cell, white spot mally folded onto valva; phallus as long as beyond 1/2 at dorsum, third white spot valva, with two or three thorn-shaped cor- before apex at costa; cilia dark, tips white. nuti, the third much smaller than the other Hindwing grey. two (see fig. 84a). Male genitalia. Uncus bilobate, Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- rounded, tegumen broad; vinculum basally sis not forked, ventrally ending in a more with more sclerotised edge, saccus short, strongly sclerotised plate, ostium in deep with blunt tip; valva as long as uncus-tegu- sinus; first part of ductus bursae strongly men, with narrow pointed apodeme, broad sclerotised, area distal to ostium with at base, at apex a sinus separates rounded, sclerotised wrinkles. bristled, costal lobe and tooth-like ventral Variation. The specimen on Plate 3 lobe; phallus as long as valva, with short shows differences in size of the hook- drop-shaped cornutus. shaped spot on left and on right forewing: Female genitalia. Unknown. on right forewing the spot prolonged onto Variation. No variation was found fringe as a white stripe. because of the few studied specimens. Similar species. The shape of valva Similar species. The absence of a with the long thin process subapically dis- gnathos or a similar structure is also tinguish the species from the other mem- found in E. alberti and E. gallica, but the bers of the genus. shape of the valva (apically notched), and Distribution. Iberian Peninsula. the presence of only one cornutus in the Bionomics. Larva feeds on Lepraria vesica are useful characters to separate caesioalba (B. de Lesd.) J. R. Laundon this species. (Dominguez & Baixeras, 1995b). Sobczyk Distribution. Greece (Pelopónnisos, (pers. comm.) collected larvae in Spain env. of Tripolis; Parnassos, Delfi - type on rocks with lichens, and reared them localities). at home on Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Adults have been collected in April and Adults of the type series were collected on June. 25th April and 14th May. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 93

86 Eudarcia atlantica Henderickx, Similar species. For differences from 1995 E. sardoa and E. melitensis see under those species. Eudarcia atlantica Henderickx, 1995: 105, Distribution. Azores Islands figs 1–6. (Terceira – type locality); Sao Miguel (first record of males, leg. O. Karsholt). Description. Males: wingspan 4.5 mm. Additional cases were found on Sao Head brush ochreous, from neck to anten- Miguel, Ribeira Grande and Fajal, nae somewhat darker. Labial palp light but no adults were reared (Henderickx, ochreous. Thorax and tegula light ochre- 1995). ous. Antenna ringed, scape ochreous. Bionomics. Cases were found on walls Forewing brown with white pattern: base, and rocks in the coastal area. Freshly a stripe at 1/4 from costa to dorsum, spots emerged imagos (females) jump and run at 1/2 and before apex on costa, a spot on rapidly and their black and white contrast- dorsum opposite the costal spot at 1/2; ing appearance gives good camouflage on fringe brown with white tip. Hindwing the black lava rocks that are often partially nearly white. covered with whitish lichens (Henderickx, Females: brachypterous. (according to 1995). Case and larva were illustrated and Henderickx, 1995): “Head densely rough- described in the original description. haired, ochreous; antenna with light Larvae of the type series were collected on ochreous rings; abdomen dark brown with 13th July, adults emerged at end of August light ochreous rings on each segment, anal and in September, the males were col- tuft ochreous; forewing small, unsuitable lected on 7th April, for flying, not longer than 2/5 of total body length, pattern very contrasted, a shiny white zone in the middle and a white apex 87 Eudarcia sardoa (Passerin on a blackish background with bronzy d'Entrèves, 1978) gloss, hindwing reduced to a small flap.” Male genitalia. Uncus with two Meessia sardoa Passerin d'Entrèves, 1978: small pointed tips; gnathos arms and sub- 33, pls 1–2. scaphium absent; vinculum band-shaped, without saccus; valva as long as uncus, Description. Males: wingspan 4 mm. more or less parallel-sided, with rounded Head brush ochreous. Labial palp ochre- apex, part of apical margin with minute ous. Antenna ringed, scape ochreous; teeth; phallus as long as valva, narrow, Thorax ochreous. Forewing brown with without cornuti. white pattern: a stripe at 1/3 from costa to Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- dorsum, spot at 1/2 on costa, and opposite ses forked, dorsal branches thin, apically on dorsum at beginning of fringe, and a setose, ventral branches straight; ostium sickle-shaped stripe around apex; fringe without characteristic structures. brown, apical third white. Hindwing Variation. No variation was found white. because of the few studied specimens. Female brachypterous (see remarks). 94 chapter 3

Male genitalia. Uncus with two Description. Males: wingspan 5 mm. short pointed socii; subscaphium very Head brush light cream-coloured, nearly small, forked; vinculum band-shaped, white. Labial palp nearly white. Antenna without clearly visible saccus; valva as long approximately 1.3 times length of fore- as uncus, parallel-sided, apically rounded; wing, scape with same colouration as phallus as long as valva, lightly curved, head brush, flagellum ringed light cream- without cornuti. coloured and dark brown. Thorax and Female genitalia. (According to tegula nearly white. Forewing dark brown drawing in the original description): with nearly white pattern: base, a fascia at Anterior apophysis forked, ventral arm 1/3 from costa to dorsum, broadest at dor- longer than dorsal arm, thin, with bristled sum, two small spots on costa at 2/3 and tip; ostium and first part of ductus bursae before apex, a spot on dorsum at 3/4; fringe more strongly sclerotised. white. Hindwing narrow, pointed at apex, Variation. No variation was found white. because of the few studied specimens. Females: Brachypterous, wingspan 3 Similar species. The male genitalia mm. With same colouration as males, on are similar to E. atlantica, but the white forewing relatively more whitish than dark pattern on forewing is somewhat different brown. (sickle-shaped stripe around apex is absent Male genitalia. Tegumen broad, in E. atlantica), and a subscaphium is uncus truncate; saccus nearly triangular, present. bluntly pointed; valva as long as uncus, Distribution. Italia: Sardinia – only basally broad, tapering to apex, costal known from the type series. edge convex, ventral edge concave, blunt Bionomics. Larval host unknown. ended, posterior half with some bristles; Adults were collected on 7th May. phallus somewhat longer than valva, Remarks. A description of female narrow, lightly curved near apex, with adult is impossible, as there is only one pointed tip, one or two (fig. 88a) very small specimen known (paratype) which is in cornuti. poor condition. Passerin d’Entrèves (1977) Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- wrote: “As far as the female is concerned it sis forked, dorsal arm longer than ventral is not possible, at the moment, to provide arm; ostium with U-shaped sclerotisation, a detailed description of the external mor- basally broad, the two arms narrower, with phology, as the only specimen of this sex pointed tip; area around ostium and distal was collected already dead and not in good to ostium with fine longitudinal condition.” sclerotisations. Variation. The studied specimens show no variation. 88 Eudarcia melitensis Gaedike & Similar species. Superficially similar Zerafa, 2010 to E. atlantica, but antenna of males is lon- ger and the head brush is light brown. Eudarcia melitensis Gaedike & Zerafa, Clear differences are visible in the struc- 2010: 10, figs 1a–1l. ture of the genitalia. Males: valva narrower Systematic treatment of the genera and species 95 from broad base to blunt ended tip from cell to dorsum, a second broad stripe (instead of more or less parallel-sided after 1/2 from costa to dorsum, a nearly valva in E. atlantica), phallus with two hook-shaped patch at dorsum before apex, small cornuti; female genitalia with char- the white area more or less overlaid with acteristic U-shaped sclerotisation. grey-brown scales; outer half of fringe Distribution. Malta (type series). white. Hindwing white. Bionomics. Larvae feed on green algae Male genitalia. Uncus with two which grow along with lichens on shaded rounded lobes, apically notched; sub- rocks. A detailed description of egg, larva, scaphium long, apically divided into two pupa, case and life history is given in the laterally curved processes with small original description. Adults were reared in strongly sclerotised thorns; vinculum with March and April. more or less triangular saccus, posterior edge with deep narrow lateral incisions; The following species are superficially valva nearly triangular, basally broad, nar- characterised by having forewings with rower to blunt apex, costal edge concave, grey-brown to brown ground-colour and a basal edge convex, before 1/2 with a small whitish pattern of stripes and dots. In the tooth-like process; phallus as long as valva, male genitalia uncus with two lobes, small parallel-sided, apically narrower, with one triangular gnathos arms; a well developed thorn-shaped cornutus. subscaphium, round-ended or with two Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- rounded lateral processes with many small sis ends in flat prolonged plate, apically strongly sclerotised thorns; valva often with bristled, at 1/2 of length an indication of tooth-like process on ventral edge; phallus fork; an elliptical strongly sclerotised area with cornuti. Female genitalia often with ventral to ostium; corpus bursae with signa in corpus bursae. The majority of the some narrow signa, serrate on one side; following species were previously referred area ventral to the end of apophyses with to genus Obesoceras Petersen, 1957, which wrinkled structure. was revised by Gaedike (1985). Variation. Sometimes the white pattern of forewing extended, the patch before apex reaches fringe. In male 89 Eudarcia hedemanni (Rebel, genitalia shape of valva somewhat vari- 1899) able, the tooth-like process sometimes clearly pronounced, apex more rounded Tinea hedemanni Rebel, 1899: 174. (fig. 89a). Similar species. Similar to E. grae- Description. Wingspan 8–10 mm. Head cum, differences see below. brush white, only laterally with some dark Distribution. North Italy and scales. Labial palp inside whitish, outside Austria, the record from France (Leraut, dark grey. Thorax and tegula white, basally 1980) is doubtful, it needs examination of dark grey. Forewing grey-brown with white the genitalia structures. pattern of stripes and patches: a broad Bionomics. Larval host unknown. stripe at 1/4 from costa to dorsum, enlarged Adults were collected in June and July. 96 chapter 3

90 Eudarcia graecum (Gaedike, 1985) Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Adults have been collected at the end Obesoceras graecum Gaedike, 1985: 176, of July. figs 3–4.

Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head 91 Eudarcia derrai (Gaedike, 1983) brush creamy, neck to antennae grey- brown. Antenna unicoloured grey-brown. Obesoceras derrai Gaedike, 1983b: 164, Labial palp grey-brown, inside somewhat figs 9–10. paler. Thorax and tegula grey-brown, tegula apically paler. Forewing whitish Description. Males: wingspan 5–6 mm. to creamy, with pattern of grey-brown Head brush dark creamy, laterally some- scales: a more or less clear stripe at 1/2 what darker. Labial palp whitish. Antenna from costa to dorsum, a second smudged ringed. Thorax grey-brown, tegula basally stripe at 3/4 from costa to dorsum, some darker. Forewing dark brown, with white short patches on dorsum from 1/2 to apex, pattern: base with some white scales, a the whitish area is more or less overlaid stripe at 1/3 from costa to dorsum, an with grey-brown scales; fringe apically oblique stripe at 2/3 from costa to dorsum whitish. at base of fringe, the second stripe nar- Male genitalia. Uncus rounded, rower than the first one, overlaid with dark hardly incised; subscaphium apically brown scales, a smaller white spot at costa clearly divided into two rounded processes before apex; fringe dark brown, with whit- with sclerotised thorns; vinculum with ish tip. Hindwing light grey. broad rounded saccus, posterior edge Females: wingspan 5–6 mm. Head brush with lateral incisions; valva triangular, from neck to insertion of antennae and costal edge straight, basal edge convex, above palps nearly black, in the middle apex rounded; phallus somewhat longer creamy. Thorax nearly black. Forewing than valva, apically with a small sclero- blackish, with white pattern: a narrow tised tooth. stripe at 1/3 from costa to dorsum, a stripe Female genitalia. Unknown. at 2/3 interrupted at the cell into two whit- Variation. No variation was found ish spots, a spot before apex; the white pat- because of the few studied specimens. tern not overlaid by dark scales. Similar species. Similar to E. hede- Male genitalia. Uncus with two manni, but superficially distinguishable by small rounded lobes; subscaphium divided bicoloured head brush and more whitish into two round thorned processes; vincu- forewings. Clear differences are visible in lum band-shaped, without saccus; valva a the male genitalia: Uncus hardly incised, little longer than uncus, triangular, api- valva without tooth-like process, phallus cally blunt, inner side before 1/2 with without cornutus. oblique narrow sclerotisation with some Distribution. Greece (Lakonia: pointed thorns; phallus nearly as long as Monemvasia - type locality; environs of valva, tapered from base to pointed tip, Sparti). without any cornutus. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 97

Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- with indistinct whitish pattern: after 1/2 on sis forked, dorsal arm much longer than costa a large patch, reaching cell, a small ventral arm, curved; no ostium sclerotisa- patch before apex, opposite the large tion; area ventral to the arms of apophyses patch, another smaller patch on dorsum, with wrinkled weak sclerotisation. basal half of forewing with some small Variation. Sometimes the male fore- irregular white dots, the large white patch wing from base to 1/3 nearly white, only overlaid with darker scales; fringe below with some dark scales, the stripe at dorsal patch white, remaining fringe grey- 2/3 divided into two spots at costa and at brown. Hindwing grey. dorsum. Male genitalia. Uncus with two nar- Similar species. The size of adults row pointed lobes separated by U-shaped make the species superficially distinguish- sinus; subscaphium hardly more strongly able from the two species above. Clear dif- sclerotised than uncus, apically ending in ferences from E. hedemanni and E. grae- two narrow thorned processes; vinculum cum are in male genitalia the absence of band-shaped, saccus more or less triangu- saccus and the subscaphium divided into lar; valva triangular, basally broad, costa two rounded thorned processes. concave, ventral edge convex, with blunt Distribution. Italy: Sardinia (type tip, on inner side of the first half an oblique locality) and Malta. row of long bristles and some shorter, Bionomics. Larvae show the same strongly sclerotised thorns; phallus as long biology as E. melitensis, they feed on green as valva, basally strongly sclerotised, apical algae which grow along with lichens on third with some strongly sclerotised shaded rocks. A detailed description of thorns, with pointed tip. larva, pupa, case and life history is given by Female genitalia. Tip of dorsal Gaedike & Zerafa (2010). Adults were col- branch of anterior apophysis bristled; pos- lected in Sardinia in June and in August, terior part of ductus bursae enlarged, more and in Malta they emerged from the end of strongly sclerotised than the remainder; February to May. proximal edge of sternite VIII with sclero- tised band; area distal to ostium with numerous thin crosswise wrinkles. 92 Eudarcia dalmaticum (Gaedike, Variation. No variation was found 1988) because of the few studied specimens. Similar species. The shape of valva Obesoceras dalmaticum Gaedike, 1988: with the oblique bristled and thorned row 329, figs 13–15. is similar to E. fibigeri, but the phallus without cornutus and subapically with Description. Wingspan 5 mm. Head small thorns (in contrast to phallus with brush yellowish-creamy, laterally with cornutus and apically with sclerotised some darker scales. Labial palp inside light thorns in E. fibigeri) make E. dalmaticum creamy, outside darker. Antenna dark grey. distinguishable. Thorax and tegula basally grey-brown, Distribution. Croatia: Krk Island – proximally paler. Forewing grey-brown, type locality; Dalmatia. 98 chapter 3

Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Distribution. Greece, Pindos Mts. – Adults were collected from the end of July type locality. to the middle of August. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The holotype was collected on 23th July. 93 Eudarcia fibigeri Gaedike, 1997

Eudarcia (Obesoceras) fibigeri Gaedike, 94 Eudarcia moreae (Petersen & 1997b: 100, figs 6–8. Gaedike, 1983)

Description. The only known specimen, Obesoceras moreae Petersen & Gaedike, the holotype, is superficially in bad condi- 1983: 282, figs 4–6, 15. tion, it is impossible to give more detailed information than was given in the original Description. Wingspan 6–7 mm. Head description: brush light cream-coloured, laterally from “Wingspan 7 mm; head brush yellowish neck to insertion of antennae and above brown, between antennae paler; thorax palps darker; Labial palp light yellowish. and forewings covered with grey-brown Antenna greyish, underside paler than top and lighter scales, on forewing at 1/4 and side. Thorax and tegula brown-grey, api- 1/2 from costa to dorsum an indication of cally paler. Forewing light cream-coloured light stripe”. with pattern of brown-grey scales: at 1/3 Male genitalia. Uncus with two obliquely from costa to dorsum a broad rounded socii separated by small sinus; stripe, apically prolonged in the cell, at 2/3 subscaphium apically ending into two from costa to fringe a patch, a smaller dot rounded, thorned processes; vinculum at apex, inner half of forewing overlaid band-shaped, saccus short, more or less with numerous brown-grey scales, the triangular, with rounded tip; valva some- edges of stripes are smudged, the pat- what longer than uncus, basally broad, tern is indistinct; fringe white. Hindwing curved, narrower to rounded tip, basal white. edge before 1/2 with small sclerotised Male genitalia. Uncus with two nar- pointed tooth, from base of apodeme row, pointed socii, the edge around uncus to basal edge at 2/3 an oblique row of strongly sclerotised; subscaphium apically strongly sclerotised pointed thorns; phal- incised, thorned; vinculum with more or lus as long as valva, parallel-sided, apical less triangular saccus, posterior edge with third narrower, more strongly sclerotised, deep lateral incision; valva longer than with approximately ten short sclerotised uncus, the first quarter nearly square, the thorns and one narrow pointed cornutus. remaining part narrower to rounded tip, Female genitalia. Unknown. the end of square part basally with a Variation. Only known from the strongly sclerotised tooth, on the inner holotype. side of valva near apodeme a small row Similar species. Similar to E. dalmat- with two or three strongly sclerotised icum, differences see above. blunt thorns, along the last third of Systematic treatment of the genera and species 99 basal edge a row of several small pointed an indication of another stripe, costa at strongly sclerotised thorns; phallus shorter base and apex grey-brown; the forewing than valva, parallel-sided, with one thorn- overlaid with several smaller darker dots. like cornutus. Hindwing whitish. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Male genitalia. Uncus with two sis forked, ventral branch very short, short socii; subscaphium ends rounded, dorsal branch fused into a plate with two sometimes divided into two rounded long processes, apically setose; ostium ends with sclerotised thorns; gnathos broad, with thin strongly sclerotised edge; arms connected with subscaphium; vin- corpus bursae with some very thin rows of culum more or less triangular, bluntly minute thorns; area around and posterior rounded, posterior edge with narrow lat- to ostium wrinkled. eral incisions; valva as long as uncus, Variation. The studied specimens nearly the first half square, the apical part show no variation. abruptly narrower, ending in rounded tip, Similar species. The shape of uncus basal edge with short blunt process, along with the two pointed socii and valva the basal edge of the narrow part a row of with the tooth at basal edge, the character- small strong sclerotised thorns; phallus istic row of thorns and the thorn-shaped as long as valva, lightly curved, apical cornutus make the species distinguishable half with a rod-shaped sclerotisation, from the other members of the genus. cornutus small, basally rounded, with Differences from E. balcanicum see pointed tip. below. Female genitalia. Unknown. Distribution. Greece (Peloponnese). Variation. The colouration of holo- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. type is a little darker. In male genitalia the Adults were collected in June and July. shape of uncus and valva (fig. 95a) and the shape of cornuti (figs 95b–95d) are some- what variable. 95 Eudarcia balcanicum (Gaedike, Similar species. Superficially not 1988) safely distinguishable from E. moreae, but the inner side of valva without row of Obesoceras balcaicum [recte: balcanicum] thorns and the curved phallus are clear Gaedike, 1988: 329, figs 16–18. differences. Distribution. Greece and Macedonia Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head (Ohrid). brush light cream-coloured, neck and Bionomics. Larval host unknown. above palps darker. Antenna cream- Adults were collected in July and coloured. Labial palp cream-coloured., August. outside darker. Thorax and tegula basally Remarks. The misspelling “balcaicum” grey-brown, apically paler. Forewing in the headline of the original descrip- cream-coloured with pattern of grey- tion was overlooked in correcting the brown stripes and patches: an oblique proofs, the right name was used in the stripe at 1/2 from costa to dorsum, at 3/4 legends. 100 chapter 3

96 Eudarcia echinatum (Petersen & toward corpus bursae; corpus bursae Gaedike, 1985) with (about ten) rows of very small thorns. Obesoceras echinatum Petersen & Gaedike, Variation. Some variations are seen in 1985: 32, figs 8–10. females: head brush only with individual brown scales at neck; the brown pattern Description. Wingspan 8–9 mm. Male: on forewing more clear, the stripes head brush cream-coloured, from neck to broader, fringe overlaid with brown scales insertion of antennae brown. Antenna (fig. 96a). dark-grey. Labial palp cream-coloured, last Similar species. The uncus with segment outside brown; Thorax and tegula rounded, thorned lobes, the rod-shaped cream-coloured, basally brown. Forewing subscaphium, the valva with thorned cream-coloured with brown pattern: at sclerotised digitus on inner side and the base an oblique stripe from costa not small thorns on the subapical surface of reaching dorsum; stripes at 1/2 and at 2/3 phallus in male genitalia and the character- from costa to dorsum, a spot at apex; istic sclerotisations around ostium in the cream-coloured part of forewing with female genitalia are characteristic for this some individual brown scales; fringe species. white. Hindwing white. Distribution. Cyprus. Male genitalia. Uncus with two api- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. cally rounded socii, covered by numerous Adults were collected between June and small strong sclerotised thorns; sub- August. A series of cases collected in scaphium rod-shaped, apically sickle- March, produced adults at the end of May shaped; vinculum triangular, posterior and beginning of June. margin with narrow­ lateral incisions; valva nearly as long as uncus-tegumen-vincu- lum, basally broad, then slightly curved to 97 Eudarcia forsteri (Petersen, rounded apex; on inner side at 1/4 a sclero- 1964) tised digitus with about ten strongly sclerotised pointed thorns, from digitus to Obesoceras forsteri Petersen, 1964b: 17, apex numerous strongly sclerotised longer fig. 1. bristles and shorter thorns; phallus a little longer than valva, slightly curved, subapi- Description. Wingspan 6–7 mm; head cally with some short sclerotised lateral brush cream-coloured, neck and laterally thorns, one pointed cornutus. with brown scales. Labial palp inside Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- cream-coloured, outside light brown. sis ending in strongly sclerotised ventral Antenna light grey-brown, scape some- band; apical edge of segment VIII with a what darker. Thorax and tegula brown, strongly sclerotised strip; ostium with two apically paler. Forewing cream-coloured pointed tips ventrally and two rounded with brown pattern: at 1/3 from costa to sclerotisations dorsally; ductus bursae dorsum an oblique broad stripe, a nar- broad, strongly sclerotised, narrower rower stripe at 2/3 from costa to dorsum, Systematic treatment of the genera and species 101 prolonged on fringe, at apex a patch; 98 Eudarcia granulatella (Zeller, between the stripes on costa one short 1852) thin stripe, and between second stripe and patch on apex two thin hook-shaped Tinea granulatella Zeller, 1852: 175 (note) stripes from costa to fringe; basal fifth of Tinea granulatella Herrich-Schäffer, forewing more or less unicolorous brown, 1851: fig. 267 (not binominal) the cream-coloured area between base Tinea granulatella Herrich-Schäffer, and first stripe overlaid with some dark 1854: 74. scales; fringe white. Hindwing white. Male genitalia. Uncus with two nar- Description. Wingspan 8–9 mm. Head row, pointed socii; subscaphium apically brush cream-coloured, neck with brown divided into two rounded thorned ends; scales; Labial palp cream-coloured, last vinculum triangular, posterior margin segment outside somewhat darker. with lateral incisions, saccus with pointed Antenna light brown, scape darker. Thorax tip; valva somewhat longer than uncus, and tegula whitish to cream-coloured, basal half square, outer half narrower to basally brown. Males: forewing cream- rounded apex, the square half ends at coloured with brown pattern: basally a basal edge with more or less pronounced stripe from costa nearly to dorsum, before tooth, apical half inside with a row of 1/2 an oblique stripe from costa to dorsum, numerous strong sclerotised bristles; phal- on cell somewhat prolonged towards apex, lus a little shorter than valva, straight, in last third three short stripes from costa, vesica apically with strongly sclerotised fused at end of cell to larger patch; fringe tooth and with some (two to four) small with brown and cream-coloured stripes. lateral thorns. Females: ground-colour of forewing white, Female genitalia. Unknown. the stripes clearly separated, in last third Variation. The studied specimens one broader stripe from costa to dorsum, show no variation superficially. In male apex with brown dot. Hindwing whitish to genitalia the shape of valva (figs 97a-97c) white (fig. 98a) and the shape of the tooth on vesica varies Male genitalia. Uncus with two (figs 97d-97f). socii, each with two pointed tips; sub- Similar species. The shape of valva scaphium small, laterally prolonged, similar to E. balcanicum and E. moreae, but thorned; vinculum with broad truncate the row of numerous bristles is character- saccus, posterior margin with rounded lat- istic, clear differences are visible in the eral incisions and a deep median excava- shape of vesica (oval, apically with strongly tion; valva longer than uncus, basal third sclerotised tooth). square, then narrower to rounded apex, the Distribution. Macedonia, Greece, square third ends at basal edge in a triangu- Bulgaria, outside Europe recorded from lar tooth, the inside of valva with a row of Turkey. strong sclerotised pointed thorns; phallus Bionomics. Larval host unknown. shorter than valva, parallel-sided, with one Adults were collected between June and pointed cornutus, phallus basally con- August. nected with rod-shaped anellus, nearly as 102 chapter 3 long as phallus, subapically serrate at one Thorax and tegula brown, apically whitish. side. Forewing dark brown with pattern of Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- white stripes and patches: a narrow stripe ses forked, dorsal branches curved, con- at base from costa to dorsum, a broad nected at 1/2, apical half separated; ostium stripe at 1/4 from costa to dorsum, in cell funnel-shaped, more strongly sclerotised; overlaid with some brown scales, a stripe corpus bursae with some thin serrate at 1/2 from costa to dorsum at beginning of signa. fringe, from cell to dorsum nearly com- Variation. Variations are seen in the pletely overlaid with brown scales, before colouration of male and female forewings. apex on costa a hook-shaped patch; fringe Distribution. Entire Balkan brown, with white tip. Hindwing dark Peninsula (except Greece), Bulgaria, grey. Romania, northern Italy. Male genitalia. Uncus apically Similar species. The characteristic rounded, without socii; subscaphium anellus of male genitalia distinguishes this large, apically truncated, thorned; vincu- species from all other members of the lum with short saccus; valva as long as genus. uncus-vinculum, basal half nearly square, Bionomics. Larval host unknown. then narrower to rounded tip, basal edge Adults were collected between May and with more or less pointed tooth, on inside August. of valva a vaulted row of numerous strongly sclerotised pointed thorns, basal thorns longer than the others; phallus 99 Eudarcia confusella (Heydenreich, shorter than valva, parallel-sided, cornu- 1851) tus pointed. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Tinea confusella Heydenreich, 1851: 78. ses forked, dorsal branches longer, ventral Tinea confusella Zeller, 1852: 149. branches end in a ring-shaped sclerotisa- (homonym) tion around ostium, ring basally narrower, Tinea confusella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854: more strongly sclerotised than apical part, 74. (homonym) sometimes apically separated; corpus bur- Obesoceras danubiellum Petersen, 1959: sae with some thin serrate signa; area dis- 197, fig. 1. tal to ostium wrinkled. Obesoceras nigrescens Jäckh, 1959: 86, Variation. Females with more pro- fig. 2, pl. i, fig. 2. nounced white pattern, patch before apex Obesoceras confusellum orientale larger, thorax and tegulae only basally Capuşe, 1966: 113. brown. In male genitalia the shape of valva somewhat variable (fig. 99a). Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head Similar species. The shape of uncus brush cream-coloured, on neck and later- without socii and the characteristic sclero- ally with brown scales. Labial palp brown, tised ring around ostium distinguish this tip of last segment cream-coloured. First species from the other members of the half of antenna ringed, scape brown. genus. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 103

Distribution. Alps (Austria, Male genitalia. Uncus with narrow Switzerland, northern Italy, Germany: deep incision between two socii; Bavaria) Czech Republic, Balkan Peninsula subscaphium large, apically triangular, (Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, thorned; vinculum broad, triangular; valva Greece), and Romania. The occurrence in longer than uncus, basal third broad, France (Leraut, 1980) is doubtful and needs abruptly narrower to rounded apex, on verification. costal edge at 1/3 with some (3–5) strongly Bionomics. Larva feeds on lichens on sclerotised hook-shaped pointed thorns of rocks (Rammert, 1989). Adults have been various length; phallus as long as valva, collected between May and August. thin, with a very thin cornutus. Remarks. Heydenreich (1851) and Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Zeller (1852) referred to the figure 276 in ses forked, dorsal branches thin, pointed; a Herrich-Schäffer (1850), but this illustra- ring-shaped sclerotisation around ostium, tion is not available for nomenclatorial basally and apically broader, corpus bur- purpose (not bi-nominal) (Petersen, 1986). sae with some thin signa. For the history of the identity of this taxon Variation. The brown colouration on and the misinterpretations in the past see forewing is sometimes dominant. under 117: Infurcitinea banatica. Similar species. The hook-shaped The subspecies orientale Capuşe, 1966 thorns on valva are characteristic for this was described based on one male. It needs species and unique in the genus. more material for evaluation of the valid- Distribution. Balkan Peninsula ity of this subspecies. (Macedonia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria) and Slovakia (unpublished records). new records. 8♂, W-Slovakia, Galanta, 100 Eudarcia kasyi (Petersen, 1971) from end of may to early June, leg. et coll. Stepanovic, coll. Tokar. Obesoceras kasyi Petersen, 1971: 268. bionomics. Larval host unknown. Adults Obesoceras holtzi Petersen, 1958b: 369, were collected between May and July. fig. 4 (nec Rebel, 1902); misidentification.

Description. Wingspan 8–10 mm. Head 101 Eudarcia romanum (Petersen, 1958) brush from neck to insertion of antennae brown, remaining part cream-coloured. Obesoceras romanum Petersen, 1958b: 368, Labial palp cream-coloured. Antenna fig. 3. unicoloured light brownish. Thorax and tegula white, basally brown. Forewing Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head white with grey-brown pattern: a stripe brush white. Thorax and tegula white. at base from costa to dorsum, a light Forewing on white ground-colour with oblique stripe before 1/2 from costa to dor- brown pattern of stripes and dots: stripes sum, last third of costa with three short from costa to dorsum near base, before 1/2 stripes, a dot at apex; fringe brown, tips and at 2/3, the last stripe not clearly sepa- whitish. rated from ground-colour, a dot before 104 chapter 3 apex; fringe around apex basally brown. stripe at 2/3 from costa to dorsum, a dot Hindwing shining white. immediately before apex, between the Male genitalia. Uncus truncate; third stripe and the preapical dot two thin subscaphium apically rounded, thorned; stripes from costa to dorsum, fused at end vinculum more or less triangular, saccus of cell; fringe white with some brown narrow, with rounded tip; valva longer scales. Hindwing light grey. than uncus, basal half broad, then clearly Male genitalia. Uncus broad, nearly narrower, apex enlarged, convex terminal truncate, socii broadly rounded, weakly margin with strongly sclerotised short developed; subscaphium large, apically thorns, ventral margin with triangu- sickle-shaped, thorned; vinculum with lar tooth at base, a second longer and saccus, posterior margin with deep narrow narrower tooth at 1/2; phallus as long as lateral incisions; valva somewhat longer valva, narrow, cornutus thin, pointed. than uncus, more or less parallel-sided, Female genitalia. Unknown. apex enlarged, terminal margin convex, Variation. No variation, because only small short thorns, a semicircular exten- the two specimens are known. sion on basal margin of ventral side, dur- Similar species. Similar to E. aureli- ing dissection often folded inwards, basal ani and E. croaticum, but the two teeth on part of costal edge with several thin sclero- basal edge of valva are characteristic for tised wrinkles running to middle of valva; this species (E. aureliani without teeth, phallus much longer than valva, narrow, E. croaticum with long pointed tooth, apically with strongly sclerotised edge, directed upward). cornutus narrow, pointed. Distribution. Only known from Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Italy – Monti Albani and Monti Aurunci. sis not forked, apically enlarged into two Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Holo­ lobes, basally fused; ventrally with band- type without collection date, the second shaped sclerotisation; ostium with semi- known specimen was collected on 22nd June. circular excavation, lateral edges narrow, pointed; first part of ductus bursae more strongly sclerotised; corpus bursae with 102 Eudarcia aureliani (Capuşe, 1967) some thin signa, pointed at both ends. Variation. Some specimens with more Obesoceras aureliani Capuşe, 1967a: 113, white colouration (according to Capuşe, 1967). figs 17–27. Similar species. Similar to E. roma- num and E. croaticum, but the valva with Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head the basal extension and without any tooth brush white. Labial palp white, last seg- are characteristic for this species. ment outside with brown scales. Antenna Distribution. Hitherto known only ringed, scape white. Thorax and tegula from Romania – type locality: Island Ada white, basally with brown scales. Forewing Kaleh. white with brown pattern: one stripe Bionomics. Larval host unknown. at base from costa to dorsum, second Adults of the type series were collected on stripe at 1/3 from costa to dorsum, third 4th June. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 105

103 Eudarcia croaticum (Petersen, corpus bursae with about 10 thin, irregular 1962) serrate signa. Variation. No variation was found Obesoceras croaticum Petersen, 1962b: 210, because of the few studied specimens. figs 5–6. Similar species. Similar to E. aureliani and E. romanum, but the valva, ventrally Description. Wingspan 7 mm. Head with the large pointed tooth is characteris- brush white, neck with some darker scales. tic for this species and distinguish it easily Labial palp cream-coloured. Antenna light from the other members of the genus. grey-brown, scape white. Thorax and Distribution. Hitherto known only tegula cream-coloured. Forewing white from Croatia. with brown pattern: three stripes from Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The costa to dorsum, first stripe near base, sec- few known specimens were collected in ond stripe before 1/2, third stripe at 3/4, June and July. the second and the third stripe almost connected on cell, one small patch at apex; The following species is superficially simi- fringe brown, second half white. Females lar to the species group above, but there with a clear connection of the two stripes. are characteristic differences in the genita- Hindwing white. lia apparatus. Males with band-shaped Male genitalia. Uncus apically subscaphium fused with gnathos arms, rounded, with small square notch; sub- females with ductus bursae armed with scaphium apically rounded, thorned; vin- numerous small thorns. culum broad, saccus narrow, pointed, pos- terior margin with narrow lateral incisions; valva more or less parallel-sided, apically 104 Eudarcia holtzi (Rebel, 1902) enlarged, terminal margin convex, with small thorns and long bristles and a ven- Tinea holtzi Rebel, 1902: 109. tral tooth-like process, ventral margin in Obesoceras libanoticum Petersen, 1968: basal half incurved, ending in a long, 60, fig. 6. strongly sclerotised pointed tooth, which crosses costal edge; phallus as long as Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head uncus-vinculum-saccus, basally broader, brush cream-coloured, neck with some apically narrower, with one strongly darker scales. Labial palp cream-coloured, sclerotised pointed cornutus. outside of last segment brown. Antenna Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- unicoloured light grey-brown. Thorax and sis short, not forked, dorsally fused into a tegula cream-coloured, basally brown short pointed process, ventrally connected Forewing cream-coloured to yellowish, with a narrow band-shaped wrinkled with a brown pattern of stripes and dots: sclerotisation; ostium cup-shaped, at base a stripe from costa to dorsum, sec- together with the first part of ductus bur- ond stripe, slightly curved towards apex, sae more strongly sclerotised, in the mid- from costa to dorsum before 1/2, third dle of ductus a ring-shaped sclerotisation; stripe at 3/4 from costa to dorsum, a dot at 106 chapter 3 apex; fringe nearly white. Hindwing shin- case. (Zagulajev, 1994). Adults have been ing white. collected between May and September. Male genitalia. Uncus rounded, in the middle with short, nearly square notch; The following five species are character- gnathos arms fused with the band-shaped ised by having a prolonged, sometimes subscaphium; vinculum narrow, with short whip-shaped phallus and uncus with pointed saccus; valva as long as uncus-teg- characteristic processes in male genitalia. umen-saccus complex, basally broad, nar- In female genitalia ductus bursae strongly rowest at 1/2, broadening to rounded apex, sclerotised, anterior apophyses dorsally apical half with long bristles; phallus half band-shaped fused. of the length of valva, straight, basally broad, narrower to apex, without cornuti. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- 105 Eudarcia glaseri (Petersen, 1967) ses forked, dorsal branches fused, in the middle with narrow long process; ostium Obesoceras glaseri Petersen, 1967: 358, figs 1–2. with semicircular excavation, ductus bur- Obesoceras abchasicum Zagulajev, 1979: sae armed with numerous small sclero- 372, figs 313–319. tised thorns; lateral to the ostium on each side a circular patch with irregular small Description. Wingspan 7–9 mm. Head sclerotisations; the area distal to ostium brush cream-coloured, neck brown, later- with thin wrinkles. ally a row of some brown scales. Labial Variation. Area between the stripes palp cream-coloured. Antenna grey- and apical dot on forewings sometimes brown, scape paler. Thorax and tegula partly overlaid by darker scales. cream-coloured, basally brown. Forewing Similar species. The band-shaped light yellowish with a dark brown pattern subscaphium in male genitalia, the armed of stripes and patches: a stripe at base ductus bursae and the circular sclero- from costa to dorsum, except dorsal edge, tised patch in female genitalia distinguish oblique stripes at 1/3 and 2/3 from costa to this species from other members of the dorsum, connected by brown band on cell, genus. a patch at apex; fringe brown with whitish Distribution. Greece, Cyprus, South tip. Hindwing grey. European Russia: Daghestan (Zagulajev, Male genitalia. Uncus with two 1994), outside Europe known from Turkey pointed thin socii; subscaphium apically through Armenia (unpublished record), with two lateral processes, strongly sclero- Iran and Afghanistan. tised, with small thorns; vinculum with new record. Armenia: 8♂, prov. long broad saccus with rounded tip; valva Vayots Dzor, 10km SE Areni Noravank, as long as uncus-tegumen, parallel-sided, 1600m, 15.-17.vii.2011, leg. O. Karsholt: apically obliquely truncate, on the inner ZMUC, SDEI. side before 1/2 an area with some long Bionomics. Larval host unknown. strongly sclerotised bristles; phallus clearly Larvae live in cases on rocks. For pupation longer than valva, narrow, last half nar- the cases were fixed to rocks by the end of rowed to pointed tip. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 107

Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- ground with pattern of dark scales: base, ses not forked, dorsally connected with a stripes from costa to dorsum at 1/2 and at band-shaped sclerotisation; ostium with 3/4, two short stripes on costa before apex, semicircular excavation; ductus bursae area from base of second stripe on dorsum more strongly sclerotised; corpus bursae to apex. with an area of very small pointed sclero- Male genitalia. Uncus rounded, lat- tised thorns; area distal to ostium with erally with pair of strongly sclerotised pro- thin sclerotised wrinkles. cesses tipped with two short teeth (gnathos Variation. Sometimes the connection arms?); subscaphium band-shaped, basally between the two stripes exists only as with strongly sclerotised processes; vincu- few brown scales; sometimes the cream- lum with long saccus with rounded tip; valva coloured areas overlaid with numerous as long as uncus-tegumen, parallel-sided, dark scales. dorsal edge slightly concave, on inner side at Similar species. The pointed socii, 1/3 below costal edge a rounded fold with the subscaphium with two lateral pro- long bristles; phallus about 1.5 times length cesses, the parallel-sided valva with bris- of valva, narrow, subapically curved, tip with tled area on inside distinguish the species a small strongly sclerotised triangular tooth. from the other members of this group of Female genitalia. Unknown. species. Variation. Only known from the Distribution. North Spain, France holotype. (Nel & Varenne, 2004), Greece and Ukraine Similar species. The shape of uncus (Bidzilya et al., 2003), outside Europe with the sclerotised processes, the band- known from Turkey and Georgia. shaped subscaphium and the valva with Bionomics. Larvae feed on green the rounded bristled fold on inside are mosses and lichens, which grow on rocks. characteristic for this species. Full grown larva, case and pupa were Distribution. Hitherto known only described in detail by Zagulajev (1979) from the type locality, Greece, Lakonia, Mt. (under the name of the synonym Taygetos. Obesoceras abchasicum). Adults have been Bionomics. Larval host unknown. collected in May and July. The holotype was collected at the end of Remarks. The gap in the distribution July. between France and Greece cannot be Remarks. The holotype of E. armatum, explained. which belongs to ZMUC, could not be located for the present work and may have been lost in the post. 106 Eudarcia armatum (Gaedike, 1985)

Obesoceras armatum Gaedike, 1985: 178, 107 Eudarcia montanum (Gaedike, figs 54–56. 1985)

Description. Wingspan 10 mm. Head Obesoceras montanum Gaedike, 1985: 178, brush yellowish-brown. Forewings on light figs 62–64. 108 chapter 3

Description. Wingspan 10 mm. 108 Eudarcia sutteri Gaedike, 1997 Head brush cream-coloured, from neck nearly to insertion of antennae brown. Eudarcia (Abchagleris) sutteri Gaedike, Labial palp cream-coloured, last 1997b: 102, figs 9–12. segment on outside somewhat darker. Antenna light brown. Thorax and tegula Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head cream-coloured, basally brown. Forewing brush cream-coloured, neck with some cream-coloured with brown pattern of darker scales. Labial palp cream-coloured, stripes and patches: on costal edge last segment on outside brown. Antenna from base to 1/4 a triangular patch nearly light grey-brown, scape cream-coloured. to dorsum, before 1/2 a stripe from costa to Forewing cream-coloured with brown pat- dorsum, at 3/4 from costa to fringe an tern: a stripe at base from costa to dorsum, oblique stripe, some small patches around a second stripe at 1/2 from costa to dor- apex; fringe cream-coloured. Hindwing sum, a third stripe at 3/4 from costa to dor- white. sum, connected with a brown edge to Male genitalia. Uncus rounded, lat- apex. Hindwing white. erally with two thin, strongly sclerotised Male genitalia. Uncus with two pointed socii; apex of subscaphium rounded socii; subscaphium rod-shaped, enlarged, laterally rounded, with strongly small, apically rounded, with some very sclerotised small thorns; vinculum with small sclerotised thorns; vinculum with long broad saccus, posterior margin with large broad, rounded saccus, posterior lateral incisions; valva as long as saccus, margin with deep lateral incisions; valva as costal edge in apical third with broad fin- long as saccus, broad, more or less parallel- ger-shaped process, ventrall edge with sided, costal edge concave, ventral edge pointed tip; phallus more than 2 times convex with a short rounded process at 1/2, length of valva, narrow, last fifth forming a apex rounded, on inner side from costal loop, ends in pointed strongly sclerotised edge at 1/4 obliquely to basal edge at 2/3 tooth. and along apical edge a row of strong Female genitalia. Unknown. sclerotised bristles and thorns; phallus as Variation. No variation was found long as uncus-tegumen-saccus, curved, because of the few studied specimens. apically pointed, strongly sclerotised, con- Similar species. The two thin vex edge subapically with one small pointed socii, the valva with the finger-like strongly sclerotised tooth, cornutus small, process and the loop at apex of phallus more or less hook-shaped. distinguish the species from the other Female genitalia. Last abdominal members of this group of species. segment strongly sclerotised; ostium with Distribution. Hitherto known only a strongly sclerotised broad ring, which from the type locality, Greece, Lakonia, Mt. continues as a triangular sclerotisation in Taygetos. the ductus bursae; signum formed by Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The about 6–8 rows of small sclerotised thorns. specimens of the type series were col- Variation. Sometimes between sec- lected on 27th July. ond and third stripe on cell an interrupted Systematic treatment of the genera and species 109 connection with dark scales. In male geni- to dorsum, a third very broad stripe at 3/4 talia shape of cornutus variable, phallus from costa to dorsum separated from sometimes with two subapical teeth brown patch at apex by only a narrow (fig. 108a). cream-coloured area more or less overlaid Similar species. The uncus with two with brown scales; fringe brown, with rounded socii, the minute subscaphium, cream-coloured tip. Hindwing grey. the compact valva with the row of bristles Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, with and thorns on inside, and the curved phal- rounded edges, without socii; gnathos lus with cornutus make the species distin- arms minute, triangular; subscaphium rod- guishable from other members of the shaped, apically rounded; vinculum with genus. triangular saccus, posterior margin with Distribution. Greece, Rhodes Island deep lateral incisions; valva nearly square, and Kalymnos. costal edge concave, apically prolonged, Bionomics. Gijs Verkerk and Hans ending in broad finger-shaped process, ven- Henderickx (pers. comm.) collected larvae tral edge infolded, apically with two strongly on shaded humid rocks with mosses and sclerotised teeth, on inner side near base lichens on Rhodes. The localities were sit- some long, strongly sclerotised bristles; uated between 300 and 600m in a humid phallus as long as uncus-tegumen-saccus, pinewood. The species was particulary curved, narrow, with two cornuti. abundant on the mountain Profitis Ilias Female genitalia. Segment VIII near Appolonia, where most specimens strongly sclerotised, the strongest scleroti- were collected in a humid forest with sation around ostium; ostium and nearly a small river. Adults were collected the whole length of ductus bursae with in June. strong sclerotisation; signum as a field of many very small scale-like rounded bristles. Variation. The studied specimens 109 Eudarcia verkerki Gaedike & show no variation. Henderickx, 1999 Similar species. The species differs in the shape of uncus (without socii) and Eudarcia (Abchagleris) verkerki Gaedike & valva (nearly square, with apically pro- Henderickx, 1999: 2, figs 1, 3, 5b, 6a-6c, longed costal arm) from all other members 7a–7d. of the genus. Distribution. Known only from the Description. Wingspan 5–8 mm. Head type locality, Greece, Crete, Mesavlia. brush cream-coloured. Labial palp with Bionomics. All larval cases were found the same colouration as the head. Antenna in one locality, in the entrance and sur- dark grey. Thorax and tegula dark brown- roundings of a small cave, a crack in a ish grey, apically cream-coloured. porous rock at 700 m altitude. The larvae fed Forewing light cream-coloured with on algae or lichens growing on some longi- brown pattern of stripes and patches: an tudinal markings on the wall with greenish oblique stripe at base from costa to dor- appearance. It appeared that a small water- sum, a second stripe before 1/2 from costa source created the right humidity and such 110 chapter 3 a microclimate, since on the outside of the costal edge concave; phallus nearly as long cave the rocks were dry and eroded. It is as valva, straight, with three cornuti. not unlikely that such a small habitat Female genitalia. Apical edges of causes a very restricted distribution if not segment VIII ventrally and dorsally with a relict colony. The specimens were bred strong sclerotised band, connected with on parts of the original rock and pupated anterior apophyses; area beyond ostium soon after collection. The female pupal with longitudinal and oblique wrinkles; duc- skin and cases with pupal skins are illus- tus bursae broad, with medial constriction, trated in the original description. Adults sclerotisation in apical half stronger than in were collected during June. proximal half; corpus bursae with numerous rows of very small pointed thorns. The following species is characterised by Variation. Sometimes on forewings spoon-shaped uncus and two lateral lobes the white areas between stripes with thin on tegumen. lines of dark brown scales. Similar species. In male genitalia similar to E. gracilis (Petersen, 1968) and 110 Eudarcia lobata (Petersen & E. alanyacola Gaedike, 2011, both described Gaedike, 1979) from Turkey. Differences are the infolded rounded lateral processes (E. alanyacola Neomeessia lobata Petersen & Gaedike, with hook-shaped processes, E. gracilis 1979: 392, figs 1–3. with strongly sclerotised pointed pro- cesses), valva with long narrow pointed rod Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head instead of small process in E. gracilis and brush cream-coloured, neck with brown rounded edge in E. alanyacola, and phallus scales. Labial palp cream-coloured. Antenna with three cornuti instead of one cornutus cream-coloured (males), or darker and in E. alanyacola and two very long and somewhat ringed (females); Thorax and some rows of small cornuti in E. gracilis. tegula white, basally brown. Forewing white Distribution. Greece (mainland: with a pattern of dark brown broad stripes Karia, Rhodes island), Cyprus, outside from costa to dorsum and patches: first stripe Europe from Israel and Syria. at base, second stripe at 1/2, third stripe at Bionomics. Larval host unknown. 3/4; a small patch at apex; fringe dark brown, Adults were collected in April and May with whitish tip. Hindwings grey. (Cyprus, Israel, Syria) and in May, June and Male genitalia. Uncus spoon-shaped, August (Greece). tegumen with pair of lateral processes, folded inwards; subscaphium rod-shaped, apically somewhat enlarged; vinculum with Infurcitinea Spuler, 1910 triangular saccus; valva as long as tegumen- saccus, first half parallel-sided, as far as nar- Infurcitinea Spuler, 1910: 461. row, strongly sclerotised pointed rod on Type species: Tinea argentimaculella ventral edge, second half narrower with Stainton, 1849. strongly sclerotised bristles, apex rounded, Omichlospora Meyrick, 1928: 239. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 111

Type species: Omichlospora incertula s­pecies are Neotropical, one Oriental. In Meyrick, 1928. Europe there are 54 species. Tineiforma Amsel, 1952a: 134. Bionomics. The scattered informa- Type species: Tineiforma sardica Amsel, tion about the biology indicates that 1952. the larvae are lichenivorous, making Atinea Amsel, 1954: 15. webbed tubes and tunnelling in the Type species: Atinea teriolella Amsel, ­substrate. Robinson (2009) made a com- 1954. pilation of current knowledge on the Microtinea Amsel, 1954: 10. biology. Type species: Microtinea italica Amsel, Remarks. Structure of genitalia and 1954. sometimes similarities of wing pattern Gozmanytinea Capuşe, 1966: 114. allow the separation into species groups Type species: Infurcitinea captans (Gaedike, 1983a). Gozmány, 1960. Finalis Zagulajev, 1979: 232. Type species: Infurcitinea raddei Species-group: nigropluviella Petersen, 1958. Atris Zagulajev, 1979: 247. In Europe represented by six species. The Type species: Tinea sexguttella Mann, characteristic structures in the genitalia 1873. are: uncus more or less hyaline, vinculum Rumelis Zagulajev, 1979: 253. rounded, without lateral processes, phal- Type species: Tinea rumelicella Rebel, lus simple, without complex anellus, 1903. valva divided into a longer costal arm Pseudorumelis Sachkov, 1995: 74. and a smaller ventral arm, with finger- Type species: Infurcitinea like process on costal edge of ventral arm, (Pseudorumelis) juliae Sachkov, 1995. directed obliquely towards the base of valva. Description. Small species, similar to Eudarcia, with different wing-pattern, mostly without distinct markings. A sure identifica- 111 Infurcitinea nigropluviella tion is possible only after dissection and (Walsingham, 1907) examination of genitalia structures. Male genitalia. Very characteristic, Tinea nigropluviella Walsingham, 1907: in many cases complex and asymmetrical. 190. Uncus always simple. The majority of spe- Infurcitinea maraschensis Petersen, cies with a very complex anellus, fused 1968: 62, fig. 9. with phallus. Female genitalia. More or less sim- Description. Wingspan 7–9 mm. Head ple, without signa in corpus bursae. brush white, above palps with cream tips. Distribution. The majority of spe- Labial palp nearly white, apical part of sec- cies is distributed in the Palaearctic region ond segment and third segment outside (at present 80 species are known), two darker, second segment bristled. Antenna 112 chapter 3 ringed, scape white, with pecten of black Distribution. Greece, Cyprus, out- bristles. Thorax and tegula cream-coloured, side Europe known from Turkey, Iran, basally with dark brown scales. Forewing Tunisia, Algeria. pattern variable, cream-coloured with dark Bionomics. Larval host unknown. brown markings: costa from base to 1/3 and Adults were collected in May and between two small dots under cell at 1/4 and before July and October. 1/2, the apical third with scattered dark scales; fringe cream-coloured, tips of scales dark. Hindwing white. 112 Infurcitinea rumelicella (Rebel, Male genitalia. Valva with long cos- 1903) tal arm, basally narrow, apically broader, rounded, with small pointed tip ventrally; Tinea rumelicella Rebel, 1903: 343. ventral arm only half length of costal arm, nearly triangular; phallus simple, basally Description. Wingspan 8–10 mm. Head rounded; anellus not fused with phallus, brush light yellowish. Labial palp yellow- U-shaped. ish. Antenna ringed. Thorax and tegula Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- light clay-coloured. Forewing with same sis unforked; ostium lip lens-shaped, more colouration, costa basally with some strongly sclerotised; segment VIII basally darker scales, without pattern. Hindwing with a rod-shaped sclerotisation. shining white. Variation. The pattern of forewing is Male genitalia. Valva with large variable, in darker specimens the entire apodeme, costal arm longer than ventral forewing is covered by darker scales, form- part, slightly curved to rounded apex, ing more dots. Abdomen of males dorsally ventral part more or less square, apically shining cream-coloured, abdomen of almost with triangular tip, the finger- females dorsally (segments I to V) shining shaped process directed obliquely towards black. In male genitalia valvae are asym- apodeme, symmetrical on both valvae, metrical (shape and size of the finger- on dorsal edge with a row of peg-like shaped process at costal edge of ventral processes, costal arm normally more or arm) and somewhat variable (Gaedike, less parallel-sided; phallus simple, basally 1987: figs 1–6). rounded, at 1/2 more or less angled; anellus Similar species. Females are ring-shaped. characterised by having shining black Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- abdomen dorsally (segments I to V). The sis forked, ventral branch band-shaped, with valva with long costal arm, the finger- oval tip adjacent to ostium lip; above ostium shaped process different on left and on a narrow short stripe with two pointed tips; right valva in male genitalia, the lens- the area around ostium wrinkled. shaped ostium lip and the rod-shaped Variation. Some specimens some- sclerotisation on segment VIII in female what darker, thorax and tegula and fore- genitalia are characteristic for this species wing overlaid with scattered brown scales, and distinguish it from the other members forming indistinct stripes on forewing, of this group of species. some specimens nearly completely overlaid Systematic treatment of the genera and species 113 with dark brown scales on forewing. The from base narrowed to pointed tip, at 1/2 a variability in colouration is not geographi- finger-shaped, curved process with spheri- cally correlated. In male genitalia the shape cal tip; phallus basally rounded, narrower of the finger-like process and of the costal to pointed tip; anellus basally connected arm of valva variable (figs 112a–112f). with phallus, one part thin, slightly curved, Similar species. The finger-shaped much longer than phallus, another part a process on valva clearly different to the half of the length of phallus, divided into shape of this structure in I. rebeliella. two plate-shaped sclerotisations. Distribution. Portugal, France, Italy, Female genitalia. Only known Macedonia, Greece (mainland and several from the female paratype, which is not islands), Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine, distinguishable from the female of outside Europe known from Turkey, Georgia I. graeca. and Armenia (unpublished records) and Variation. No variation was found Turkmenistan. because of the few studied specimens. new records. Armenia: 1♂, prov. Similar species. Similar to I. graeca, Vayots Dzor, 10km SE Areni, Novarank, but vinculum without process (I. graeca 1600m, 15.-17.vii.2011, leg. Karsholt: ZMUC; with process), the finger-shaped process Georgia: 3♂, Vashlovani Nat. Park, on valva with spherical tip (I. graeca with 26.v.2012, leg. Jaworski: coll. Jaworski. blunt sclerotisation subapically) make the Bionomics. Larval host unknown. species distinguishable from it. Adults have been collected between May Distribution. France (Dept. Drôme), and October. Italy: Sardinia. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The few known specimens were collected in 113 Infurcitinea sardica (Amsel, 1952) June and July.

Tineiforma sardica Amsel, 1952a: 134, fig. 38. Infurcitinea baldizzonei Gaedike, 1983b: 114 Infurcitinea graeca Gaedike, 1983 82, figs 7–8. Infurcitinea graeca Gaedike, 1983a (15.ii.): Description. Wingspan 7 mm. Head 122, figs 13–15. brush nearly white, around base of Infurcitinea graeca Petersen & Gaedike, antenna dark-brown. Forewing cream- 1983 (31.xii.): 285, figs 7–9; homonym and syn- coloured, with scattered darker scales, pat- onym of Infurcitinea graeca Gaedike, 1983. tern not clearly visible, because the only known specimens are in poor condition. Description. Wingspan 4–6 mm. Head Male genitalia. Valva with long brush grey, laterally with darker scales. Inner apodeme, costal arm beyond base side of labial palp white, outer side dark becomes narrow, then broader, apical half grey. Antenna ringed. Thorax and tegula oval, from ventral edge to the beginning of cream-coloured, with scattered darker the broader half a rod-shaped sclerotisa- scales. Forewing with cream-coloured tion, ventral arm shorter than costal arm, ground-colour, basally, at 1/2 and before 114 chapter 3 apex with brown scales, forming an indis- white. Antenna ringed. Thorax and tegula tinct pattern of stripes. Hindwing white. white. Forewing with white ground-colour Male genitalia. Vinculum ventrally and brown pattern: base of costa, a stripe with a process, broad at base tapering but before 1/2 from costa to dorsum, a stripe at expanded to truncate apex; valva with 2/3 from costa to dorsum and apex; fringe long narrow apodeme, costal arm narrow- white, some scales with brown tip. est before 1/2, second half oval, ventral Hindwing shining white. arm narrower from base to pointed tip, Male genitalia. Vinculum ventrally somewhat shorter than costal arm, near with large process, distally truncate, with base a finger-shaped curved process, with two pointed tips, narrower at base; valva a distinct short blunt sclerotisation near with narrow apodeme, costal arm slightly the rounded tip; phallus basally rounded, curved, parallel-sided, apically rounded, narrower to pointed tip; anellus connected basally with hook-shaped process, ventral with phallus, 1.5 times length of phallus, arm only 1/2 length of costal arm, proximal thin, apex with some bristles. edge with numerous small thorns, from Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- dorsal edge a rod-shaped process, nearly sis forked, ventral branch connected with reaching costal edge of costal arm; phallus ostium lip; ostium with narrow sclerotised basally rounded, narrower to thin tip. edges, the shape depends upon prepara- Female genitalia. Unknown. tion; basal edge of segment VIII medially Variation. The studied specimens with rod-shaped sclerotisation. show no variation. Variation. Sometimes the entire fore- Similar species. Similar to I. tau- wing overlaid with darker scales. ridella, but the valva is more compact, the Similar species. Similar to I. sardica, rod-shaped process is clearly shorter and differences see above. thin, and the shape of process on vinculum Distribution. Greece (with Crete), with two pointed tips is quite different. Cyprus, Croatia, outside Europe known Distribution. Known only from from Turkey. Croatia. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The Adults were collected in June and July. few known adults were collected in May Remarks. The joint paper by Petersen and June. & Gaedike (1983) scheduled for the origi- nal description of this species, was unin- tentionally published too late. 116 Infurcitinea tauridella Petersen, 1968

115 Infurcitinea rebeliella (Krone, 1907) Infurcitinea tauridella Petersen, 1968: 62, fig. 10. Tinea rebeliella Krone, 1907: 26. Infurcitinea juliae Sachkov , 1995: 74, fig. 8.

Description. Wingspan 6 mm. Head Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head brush white, from insertion of antennae to brush cream-coloured. Labial palp light palps light yellowish-brown. Labial palp cream-coloured. Antenna ringed. Thorax Systematic treatment of the genera and species 115 and tegula cream-coloured, basally with these taxa. Superficially not safely distin- some brown scales. Forewing cream- guishable. All species with a pattern of coloured, overlaid with brown scales, usually three dark stripes on forewing. without a clear pattern, only some dark Characteristic are the shape of the male dots at base of cell and on dorsum at genitalia: Uncus sclerotised, more or less beginning of fringe, the area from costa to parallel-sided, truncate, apical corners cell somewhat paler than the rest of wing. pointed; vinculum band-shaped, anteri- Hindwing light grey-brown. orly with an indication of lateral processes; Male genitalia. Vinculum ventrally valva more or less triangular, costal arm with more or less parallel-sided process, only basally fused with rest of valva, some- apically truncate; valva with long narrow times divided into two branches; phallus apodeme, costal arm slightly convex, api- short, straight, mostly with hook-shaped cally rounded, apical edge with numerous tip, without complex anellus. Females small thorns, ventral arm short, ending in known only for three species, the strongly a long finger-shaped process with small sclerotised segment VIII and short pointed hook, directed obliquely towards unforked anterior apophysis are charac­ base of valva; phallus basally rounded, teristic. A key for determination of these narrowed to thin tip. taxa was given by Petersen (1964a). Female genitalia. Apophysis ante­ rioris not forked, ending in a strongly sclerotised broad band, fused ventrally, 117 Infurcitinea banatica Petersen, 1961 apically with V-shaped incision with two pointed tips. Infurcitinea banatica Petersen, 1961a: 120, Variation. Some specimens are fig. 5. darker coloured, forewings with indica- Infurcitinea confusella Petersen, 1957b: tion of brown stripe at 1/2 from costa to 362, fig. 179 (nec Zeller, 1852, nec Herrich- dorsum, the last third overlaid with darker Schäffer, 1854, nec Pierce & Metcalfe, 1935); scales. In male genitalia the shape of the misidentification. process on vinculum varies (figs 116a–116b). Similar species. Differences from I. Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head rebeliella see above. brush white, scales above palps darker. Distribution. Greece, Bulgaria and Labial palp nearly white, outside darker. East European Russia, outside Europe Antenna cream-coloured, pecten with known from Turkey. approximately five dark bristles, scape Bionomics. Larval host unknown. paler than flagellum. Thorax and tegula Adults were collected in May and June and white, basally darker. Forewing white, with in August and September. a dark brown pattern: base at costa, a stripe before and a stripe after 1/2 from costa to dorsum, the second stripe broader, Species-group: captans in cell fused with the first stripe, a large patch at apex, connected with second The shape of the genitalia of the following stripe; in fringe a thin line of dark scales. five species shows a close relationship of Hindwing light grey. 116 chapter 3

Male genitalia. Valva from base to species under this name. Zeller (1852) only rounded apex regularly narrower, apex mentioned in an annotation “Tin. confu- and ventral edge below apex bristled; sella H.-S., Fig. 276 [1850, not binominal]”, costal arm thin, directed obliquely above, and this annotation is mentioned by with numerous long bristles; phallus as Herrich-Schäffer (1854; 74) again. From long as costal arm, basally rounded, nar- this it was quite clear, that Pierce & rowest in the middle, the hook-shaped Metcalfe believed that they had the same tip more strongly sclerotised; anellus species before them as that which Herrich- hyaline. Schäffer had described as T. confusella. Female genitalia. Basal edge of seg- I was necessary to give a new name to the ment VIII stronger sclerotised, ventrally species figured by Pierce & Metcalfe. This narrower than dorsally, ventrally and dor- was done unintentionally by Gozmány sally excavated in the middle; ostium lip a (1960) when he described Infurcitinea small square sclerotisation. captans. Variation. Some specimens with cream-coloured ground-colour and with not so many dark scales. 118 Infurcitinea litochorella Petersen, Similar species. Characteristic for 1964 this species: in male genitalia valva from base to rounded apex regularly nar- Infurcitinea litochorella Petersen, 1964b: 22, rower, with unforked thin costal arm, fig. 4. directed obliquely upward (in I. captans sickle-shaped); phallus apically hook- Description. Wingspan 11 mm. Head shaped, similar to I. litochorella and I. brush white. Labial palp brown, the first kasyi (I. albanica and I. captans with two segments brown outside, inside straight tip). cream-coloured, third segment brown. Distribution. Albania, Croatia, Antenna ringed, cream-coloured under Macedonia, Greece, Romania (Capuşe, side of scape. Thorax cream-coloured, 1968; Rákosy et al., 2003). tegula basally brown, apically cream- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. coloured. Forewing cream-coloured, Adults were collected in July and mostly covered by dark brown scales, August. forming three stripes from costa to dor- Remarks. Petersen (1961a) explained sum (near base, before and beyond 1/2, the in detail the history of the confusion in edges are not clear and mostly fused) and the interpretation of the name confu- an area at apex; fringe cream-coloured. sella Herrich-Schäffer. Herrich-Schäffer Hindwing grey. described this species as “Tinea confusella Male genitalia. Valva from base to F.R.”, from original specimens forwarded to 1/2 of length more or less parallel- him by Fischer von Röslerstamm. Pierce & sided, then abruptly narrower to rounded Metcalfe (1935) figured the genitalia for and bristled apex; costal arm forked, the the first time of a species under the name costal branch short, apically with long “confusella Z.” But Zeller did not describe a bristles, ventral branch more than twice as Systematic treatment of the genera and species 117 long, obliquely directed to ventral edge, Male genitalia. Valva more or less the entire length with a row of bristles; triangular, ventrally convex, apically with phallus as long as ventral branch of costal pointed tip, along ventral edge a dense row arm, the shape characteristic for the spe- of long bristles; costal arm with thin base, cies group. sickle-shaped, inner side bristled; phallus Female genitalia. Unknown. nearly as long as valva, slightly curved, tip Variation. No variation was found nearly straight. because of the few studied specimens. Female genitalia. Basal edge of seg- Similar species. Characteristic for ment VIII strongly sclerotised, apical edge this species: in male genitalia costal arm of irregularly formed, with broad notch in the valva forked, ventral branch more than middle, with strongly sclerotised edge; twice as long as costal branch, relatively ostium lip oval, with strongly sclerotised thin, while I. kasyi and I. albanica have edges. shorter and broader ventral branch. Variation. Some specimens with Distribution. Greece (mainland). more or less divided stripes, connected Bionomics. Larval host unknown. only in the middle (fig. 119b). Adults were collected in June and July. Similar species. Characteristic for this species: in male genitalia the unforked sickle-shaped costal arm and 119 Infurcitinea captans Gozmány, the more or less triangular valva with 1960 pointed tip in contrast to the other mem- bers of this group of species with rounded Infurcitinea captans Gozmány, 1960: 109, tip, and the dense row of long bristles along fig. 4A. ventral edge. Tinea confusella Pierce & Metcalfe, 1935: Distribution. Spain to France, Italy, pl. 62 (nec Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 nec Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, and Greece; Petersen, 1957a); misidentification. in Central Europe recorded in Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Description. Wingspan 8–10 mm. Head and Slovenia. brush white. Labial palp inside cream- Bionomics. Robinson (2009) cited coloured, outside darker, second segment Heckford, who first discovered larvae. “… apically bristled. Antenna ringed, scape Larvae were found on the ground, in silken whitish. Thorax and tegula cream-coloured, spinnings amongst black frass, detritus and apically overlaid with some dark scales. dead leaves of Genista pilosa and dead Forewing whitish with a pattern of leaves and dead flowers of Erica cinerea …”. brown scales: a stripe at base from costa A more detailed description of the biology obliquely to dorsum, a broad stripe at is found in Heckford (2002), (errone- 1/2 from dorsum to costa, more or less ously under the name I. albicomella, the forked in cell, Y-shaped, a patch of scat- correction was published later (Heckford, tered brown scales before apex; fringe 2011)). cream-coloured, with a brown scale-line. Remarks. Concerning the misidentifi- Hindwing grey. cation see under 117. I. banatica. 118 chapter 3

120 Infurcitinea kasyi Petersen, 1962 Distribution. Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria. Infurcitinea kasyi Petersen, 1962b: 216, fig. 11. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Adults have been collected between May Description. Wingspan 8–9 mm. Head and July. brush white. Labial palp outside brown, Remarks. The female genitalia are inside cream-coloured, second segment described here for the first time. apically bristled. Antenna brown, scape cream-coloured with pecten of approxi- mately ten bristles. Thorax and tegula 121 Infurcitinea albanica Petersen, 1963 nearly white, tegula overlaid with brown scales, thorax only with individual brown Infurcitinea albanica Petersen, 1963: 17, scales. Forewing on a nearly white ground- fig. 3. colour with a pattern of dark brown scales: one more or less triangular stripe from Description. Wingspan 10 mm. Head basal fifth of costa obliquely to dorsum, a brush white. Labial palp outside brown, second stripe at 1/2 from costa to dorsum, inside white, second segment apically enlarged in cell and connected with a third bristled. Antenna grey, basal part of flagel- stripe at 2/3 from costa to dorsum, area lum ringed. Thorax and tegula white to from third stripe to apex and a scale-line cream-coloured, basally with some darker on fringe. Hindwing grey. scales. Forewing not clearly distinguishable Male genitalia. Valva broad, the api- from the preceding species, the brown area cal quarter abruptly narrower to rounded is not so enlarged as in I. kasyi. Hindwing tip with bristled edge, costal arm forked, grey. dorsal branch short, with rounded bristled Male genitalia. Valva abruptly nar- tip, ventral branch twice as long, broader, rowing before 1/2, second half parallel- dorsal edge and rounded tip bristled; phal- sided, dorsally rounded, ventrally with lus as long as base of valva, apically with prolonged pointed tip; from dorsal end distinct hook; anellus hyaline. obliquely to ventral edge a bristled fold; Female genitalia. Segment VIII api- costal arm nearly half as long as the cally sharply incised in the middle, basal valva, obliquely directed to ventral edge edge strongly sclerotised; ostium lip elon- of valva and distinctly protruding beyond gate oval, around ostium ring-shaped it, entire dorsal edge bristled, basally sclerotised, area proximal to the ostium with short pointed process; phallus with numerous sclerotised wrinkles. somewhat longer than dorsal arm, the Variation. The studied specimens strongly sclerotised pointed tip straight, show no variation. not hook-shaped. Similar species. Characteristic for Female genitalia. Unknown. this species: in male genitalia the shape of Variation. No variation was found forked costal arm of valvae with short cos- because of the few studied specimens. tal branch with rounded tip, and with Similar species. Characteristic for broad ventral branch. this species: in male genitalia valva with Systematic treatment of the genera and species 119 parallel-sided, ventrally pointed, dorsally pattern: the basal quarter, a fascia before rounded second half and an oblique bris- 1/2 from costa to dorsum, the dorsal half tled fold subapically, phallus with straight broader than the costal half, a fascia at 2/3 pointed tip. from costa to dorsum, mostly connected Distribution. Albania; Macedonia, by thin line in cell with the first fascia, and Montenegro (unpublished records). nearly the entire termen from the begin- new records. Montenegro: 1♂, ning of fringe to apex; fringe with scattered Dolovi, 10.vi.2011; 1♂, Podrkš, 16.vi.2011; 1♂, dark scales. Hindwing grey. Fundina, 15.vi.2011, leg. et coll. Richter. Male genitalia. Vinculum narrow, Bionomics. Larval host unknown. band-shaped; valva with long, nearly trian- Adults were collected in June and July. gular apodeme, basal edge and beginning of dorsal­ edge strongly sclerotised; costal arm more or less parallel-sided, curved Species-group: roesslerella upward, apically truncate, apical part with numerous long strong bristles; ventral part The following species are characterised in rounded; phallus S-shaped, basally the male genitalia by having two more or rounded, with narrow tip; anellus twice less long, almost rod-shaped lateral length of phallus, basally fused with ­phallus, ­processes at the basal edge of vinculum; forked, the shorter branch with long bris- valva mostly with prolonged costal arm, tles, the longer branch curved, with rounded phallus fused with usually very compli- tip, with numerous shorter bristles, laterally cated anellus. with strongly sclerotised edge. Female genitalia. Sternites VII and VIII more strongly sclerotised than the 122 Infurcitinea roesslerella (Heyden, other sternites; anterior apophyses 1865) forked, dorsal branches fused into a ring-shaped sclerotisation, ventral Tinea roesslerella Heyden, 1865: 102. branches end in a sclerotised plate, api- Infurcitinea alpicella Petersen, 1962a: cally truncate, with some long bristles; 535, figs 11–12. ostium lip notched, cup-shaped, more strongly sclerotised. Description. Wingspan 9–12 mm. Head Variation. Sometimes forewing brush light cream-coloured, nearly white. darker, the cream-coloured area is reduced Antenna above dark grey, below cream- to some dots at dorsum (fig. 122b). coloured, scape with pecten. Labial palp Similar species. In male genitalia outside brown, inside cream-coloured, valva with apically truncate bristled costal second segment apically bristled. Antenna arm, curved upward, instead of rounded above dark grey, below cream-coloured, apex in the other species of this group, and scape with pecten. Thorax and tegula the forked and bristled anellus are charac- cream-coloured, nearly completely over- teristic for this species. laid by dark scales. Forewing cream- Distribution. From Spain through coloured with clear dark brown-grey France to Italy, Central Europe, eastwards 120 chapter 3 to Poland (Buszko & Nowacki, 2000), Similar species. Characteristic for I. North-west European Russia and Ukraine. ­tribertii are the male genitalia with more or Bionomics. Larval host unknown. less parallel-sided valva and the minute Adults have been collected between May phallus, fused with band-shaped, folded and August. anellus. Distribution. Macedonia (type local- ity), Greece (mainland). 123 Infurcitinea tribertii Gaedike, 1983 Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Adults were collected in July and August. Infurcitinea tribertii Gaedike, 1983a(15.ii.): Remarks. Concerning authorship see 126, figs 64–65. remarks under Dryadaula nedae. Infurcitinea tribertii Baldizzone, 1983(31. iii.): 17, figs 1–2; homonym and synonym of Infurcitinea tribertii Gaedike, 1983. 124 Infurcitinea gaedikei Baldizzone, 1984 Description. Wingspan 8–9 mm. Head brush nearly white, laterally cream- Infurcitinea gaedikei Baldizzone, 1984: 193, coloured. Labial palp cream-coloured, figs 1–3, 10. last segment darker. Antenna grey, first part of flagellum ringed. Thorax and Description. Wingspan 7 mm. Head tegula ­covered by dark scales, tip of tegula brush yellowish light brown. Labial palp on cream-coloured. Forewing ground-colour inside and tip of third segment cream, on cream-coloured, nearly completely over- outside dark grey, second segment apically laid by dark scales, forming indistinct with bristle. Antenna grey, scape with pec- stripes near base, before 1/2 and at 2/3 ten, flagellum ringed. Thorax and tegula from costa to dorsum. Hindwing shining dark grey. Forewing dark grey-brown, with whitish. white pattern: a straight stripe from costa to Male genitalia. Uncus narrow, pro- dorsum at 1/3, two spots on costa at 1/2 and longed, lateral processes on vinculum with at 3/4, on dorsum at beginning of fringe an rounded tip; valva not divided into arms, oblique stripe, nearly reaching the spot on more or less parallel-sided, costal edge costa at 3/4. Hindwing dark grey. concave, apically obliquely truncate, ven- Male genitalia. Vinculum broad, trally rounded, the entire apical edge bris- lateral processes short; valva with long tled, ventral edge folded from base to 3/4 apodeme, costal edge concave, ventral of the length; phallus minute; anellus edge convex in first half, then abruptly clearly longer than valva, fused with phal- narrowed to rounded bristled apex; under lus, band-shaped, one side folded, with the costal edge a row of some bristles; numerous thorns, last quarter narrow, phallus as long as uncus-tegumen-vincu- with long bristles. lum, with rounded base, narrower to Female genitalia. unknown. pointed tip; anellus fused with phallus Variation. No variation was found with two wing-shaped processes with because of the few studied specimens. pointed tips. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 121

Female genitalia. Unknown. cream-coloured, with individual dark Variation. Head brush of types scales. Hindwing dark grey. brown-red, forewing sometimes black, Male genitalia. Vinculum on basal with white pattern. edge with triangular process, lateral pro- Similar species. Superficially some- cesses short, broad; valva nearly square what similar to I. ignicomella, but the with rounded ventral edge, costal arm nar- white pattern distinguishes the species row, with rounded bristled tip, base of from it. Clear differences are visible in the valva with more strongly sclerotised edge male genitalia: valva with broad rounded from apodeme to ventral angle; phallus costal arm, anellus with wing-shaped pro- thin, small; anellus as long as valva, divided cesses, phallus long, while in I. ignicomella into three lobes, the first narrow, with valva has longer narrow costal arm, anel- spatula-shaped tip, the second longitudi- lus divided into three lobes, phallus very nally folded, inside bristled, with pointed short. tip, the third only a little longer than phal- Distribution. Spain (Andalusia, lus, hull-shaped, the three parts of anellus Valencia). basally fused with phallus. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- few known adults were collected in June ses forked, dorsal branches rod-shaped and July. connected, ventral branches end in a long tongue-shaped prolongation; ostium lip small, situated subapical to the tip of pro- 125 longation; in lateral view it is clear that the (Heydenreich, 1851) prolongation is not connected with tergite (fig. 125a). Tinea ignicomella Heydenreich, 1851: 79. Variation. Entire forewing in some Tinea ignicomella Zeller, 1852: 146; hom- specimens covered by dark scales, instead onym of Tinea ignicomella Heydenreich, of the second spot an indication of narrow 1851. cream-coloured stripe from dorsum to Tinea flavicapilla Zeller, 1852: 149. costa, head brush reddish, antenna ringed Tinea ignicomella Herrich-Schäffer, (fig. 125b); some specimens without any 1854: 74; homonym of Tinea ignicomella light pattern on forewing (fig. 125c). Heydenreich, 1851. Similar species. Differences from I. gaedikei see above. Description. Wingspan 10–12 mm. Head Distribution. France, Italy, entire brush from yellowish to clay-coloured. Central Europe, northwards to Norway, Labial palp cream-coloured, apical seg- eastwards to European part of Russia, out- ment darker. Antenna grey, scape cream- side Europe recorded from Siberia. coloured. Thorax and tegula dark grey- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. brown. Forewing dark grey-brown, with Adults have been collected between Mai small cream-coloured spots on costa and August. beyond 1/2 and at 3/4, on dorsum at Remarks. Heydenreich refers to fig- 1/3 and 2/3 and at apex; fringe darker ures 279 and 280 by Herrich-Schäffer on 122 chapter 3 plate 41 in his 1850 published volume 5 of the trapeziform lateral processes of vincu- the Supplement to the “Systematische lum and the bent phallus are clear Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge Europas”, differences. but they were published non binominally Distribution. Portugal: Serra de (see Petersen, 1986). Montesinho and Serra da Estrela. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Adults of the type series were collected in 126 Infurcitinea corleyi Gaedike, 2011 the middle of July.

Infurcitinea corleyi Gaedike, 2011a: 362, figs 4, 14–16. 127 Infurcitinea belviella Gaedike, 1980

Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head Infurcitinea belviella Gaedike, 1980: 43, brush clay-brown, somewhat reddish, the figs 1–2. area above palps up to insertion of anten- nae lighter than the area above neck. Description. Wingspan 6 mm. Head Labial palp inside whitish, outside dark brush light grey, above palps somewhat grey-brown, second segment bristled. darker. Thorax and tegula unicoloured Antenna dark grey-brown. Thorax and grey. Forewing unicoloured grey, without tegula dark grey-brown. Forewing dark any pattern. grey-brown with pattern of whitish spots Male genitalia. Vinculum narrow, and stripes:. spots on dorsum at 1/3, reach- lateral processes thin, short; valva long, ing cell, and at beginning of fringe, a spot somewhat narrowed in middle, apical half on costa at 1/2 and a small hook-shaped oval, inner side with a lot of strong bristles; stripe on costa before apex; fringe with phallus and anellus fused into one struc- dark scale-line. Hindwing grey. ture, basally rounded, medially narrowed, Male genitalia. Uncus narrow, apical half forked, one branch narrower tegumen with broad trapeziform lateral than the other one. lobes, ventrally narrow-edged; valva Female genitalia. Unknown. basally rounded, basal edge strongly Variation. Only the holotype is sclerotised, costal arm after 1/2 narrowed, known. the oval tip with numerous strong Similar species. Similar to the fol- bristles; the valva ventrally connected to a lowing two species I. piozi and I. corsica. hyaline skin with a field of very long bris- Differences from I. corsica: valva without tles; phallus as long as valva, basally broad, subapical sclerotisations inside, and the rounded, curved to tip with two small forked phallus and anellus with equal long spines. branches; differences from I. piozi: Female genitalia. Unknown. Different length of phallus and anellus. Variation. No variation was found Distribution. Only known from the because of the few studied specimens. type locality in Italy: Sardinia. Similar species. Superficially simi- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The lar to I. ignicomella, but in male genitalia holotype was collected on 15th August. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 123

128 Infurcitinea piozi Varenne & Nel, Similar species. In male genitalia 2009 similar to I. belviella and I. corsica, but dif- ference from I. belviella is the unequal Infurcitinea piozi Varenne & Nel, 2009: 11, length of the branches in the phallus-anel- figs 4–5, 7. lus-complex; the difference from I. corsica is valva without any sclerotisations inside. Description. Below is given a shortened Distribution. Only known from the translation of the original description, type locality in France: Corsica. because I have only seen the genitalia slides: Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The Wingspan 7–7.5mm (male), 6.5mm specimens of the type series were col- (female). Head dishevelled, scales white, lected on the 24th and 26th July. frontally brown. Labial palp short, simple, Remarks. The colour picture is pub- second segment whitish, third segment lished through the courtesy of the authors blackish. Antenna basally silky white, fla- of this species. gellum indistinctly annulated grey and brown. Thorax greyish white, tegula basally brown, apically whitish. Forewing 129 Infurcitinea corsica Gaedike, 2010 with greyish white ground-colour, more or less uniformly speckled with brown, with Infurcitinea corsica Gaedike, 2010: 14, figs 4, poorly defined darker brown patches 9–11. medially along ventral edge and at base; fringe whitish, silky, with few brown scales. Description. Wingspan 10 mm. Head Hindwing uniformly greyish with silky, brush whitish, scales between eyes darker. whitish fringe. Antenna dark grey, inside of scape whitish. Male genitalia. Vinculum with long Thorax pale, overlaid with dark grey scales, lateral processes; shape of valva similar to tegula dark grey. Forewing with pale whit- I. belviella, but the bristles on the inner ish ground colour, with pattern of dark side of apical half are simple; phallus and grey scales consisting of unclear delin- anellus fused, in the middle forked, one eated transverse stripe at 1/2, spot on base branch is the phallus, the other is the anel- of dorsum (dorsal edge), and nearly entire lus; phallus distinctly longer and narrower, apical half; fringe pale whitish. Hindwing anellus from broad base narrower to white. rounded bristled tip. Male genitalia. Uncus long, narrow; Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- vinculum laterally with two narrow pro- sis not forked, short; ostium lip cup- cesses apically convex; valva basally broad, shaped, together with the first part of duc- with long, narrow apodeme, in second half tus bursae strongly sclerotised, laterally becoming narrow towards rounded apex, ending in two finger-shaped prolonga- costal edge convex, ventral edge concave, tions; apical edge of segment VIII with apex with tooth-like sclerotisations; phal- numerous small wrinkled sclerotisations. lus and anellus fused, as long as valva, Variation. Known only from the basally bulbous, apically forked, one arm types. shorter, bristled on inside, longer arm 124 chapter 3 slightly curved, narrow, subapically with beyond costal edge, with a row of numer- small tooth-like sclerotisation on inside. ous strong bristles; phallus shorter than Female genitalia. Unknown. valva, basally rounded, gradually narrower Variation. Known only from the to pointed tip, subapically with two short holotype. lateral teeth; anellus fused with base of Similar species. In male genitalia phallus, forming two wings. similar to the two preceding species, but Female genitalia. Unknown. the valva with the sclerotisations on inside Variation. No variation was found and the phallus with the subapical tooth- because of the few studied specimens. like sclerotisation are distinctive. Similar species. Superficially more Distribution. Only known from the whitish than the other members of this type locality in France: Corsica. species group, because of the imperfectly Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The visible pattern. In male genitalia valva holotype was collected on 23rd June. with oval rounded costal arm and bristled S-shaped ventral arm, the wing-shaped anellus and the phallus with two lateral 130 Infurcitinea albulella (Rebel, 1935) teeth subapically make the species distin- guishable from all other members of the Tinea albulella Rebel, 1935: 28. genus. Distribution. Spain (Sierra de Description. Wingspan 10 mm. Head Gredos). brush white. Labial palp white, second Bionomics. Larval host unknown. segment bristled. Scape of antenna white, Adults were collected in July. flagellum light grey; Thorax and tegula Remarks. The condition of the stud- white, base of tegula with darker scales. ied specimen is somewhat poor, this is Forewing white with a pattern of dark why the pattern is only imperfectly brown scales: an oblique stripe from base visible. to dorsum, an oblique stripe at 1/2 from dorsum to costa, the apex and the base of fringe; fringe with a brown scale-line. 131 Infurcitinea sardiniella Vári, 1942 Hindwing white. Male genitalia. Uncus long, narrow, Infurcitinea sardiniella Vári, 1942: 285, tegumen inside with two rod-shaped fig. [1]. sclerotisations; vinculum laterally with two more or less triangular processes; Description. Wingspan 7–9 mm. Head apodeme basally broad, narrower to tip, brush cream-coloured, laterally with some dorsal arm of valva basally narrow, to apex darker scales. Labial palp inside whitish, oval, rounded, apical edge wave-like, on outside brown, second segment apically inside with a row of strong bristles, from bristled. Antenna dark grey. Thorax and base of apodeme obliquely to ventral edge tegula grey-brown. Forewing grey-brown, a strongly sclerotised line, ventral arm at 2/3, from costa to dorsum a slightly from basal angle S-shaped, protruded oblique cream-coloured stripe, on costa Systematic treatment of the genera and species 125 before apex a cream-coloured dot; fringe new record. France: 1♂, Hautes cream-coloured, in the middle with grey- Alpes, Roche du Rame, 19.viii.2009, leg. et brown scale-line. Hindwing grey. coll. Junnilainen. Male genitalia. Uncus large, trun- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. cate, with two pointed tips; vinculum Adults have been collected between June band-shaped, with two lateral long pro- and August. cesses with rounded tip; valva with long apodeme, costal edge concave, sickle- shaped curved upward to pointed tip, ven- 132 Infurcitinea minuscula Gozmány, tral edge in the first half straight, then with 1960 short indentation, last third straight to rounded ventral angle, truncated from dor- Infurcitinea minuscula Gozmány, 1960: 109, sal tip to ventral angle, inside the basal half fig. 4B. with an area of numerous bristles; phallus basally rounded, in the last half forked, one Description. I repeat the original arm shorter, rounded tip bristled; anellus description here, because I have not seen with two long finger-shaped processes, any specimen: connected from base to last quarter, tips “Alar expanse: 8 mm. Head, thorax, basic pointed. colour of fore wings a light yellowish grey, Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- with a rather dense brownish irroration, ses short, forked, ventral branches band- condensing into a larger spot at end of cell. shaped connected; segment VIII vaulted to Hind wings transparent, whitish grey. It form two rounded tips lateral to ostium rather resembles Ateliotum [now: Eumasia] lip, nearly the entire area covered by parietariellum HS., or Lichenovora [now: numerous small thorns; ostium lip and Tenaga] nigripunctella Haw., with a much first part of ductus bursae thorned; diluted and obscure pattern.” basal edge of segment VIII strongly Male genitalia. Uncus hyaline, vin- sclerotised. culum with two long narrow lateral pro- Variation. In male genitalia the fin- cesses; valva with more or less square cor- ger-shaped processes of anellus some- pus, after 1/2 abruptly narrower, ventral times truncate (fig. 131a), in female genita- angle protruding, rounded, costal edge lia the shape of segment VIII and ostium concave, costal arm with rounded bristled area somewhat variable (fig. 131a). tip; phallus nearly as long as valva, base Similar species. The concave, sickle- rounded, tapered to pointed tip; anel- shaped curved up to pointed tip costal lus, fused with phallus, rod-shaped, api- edge of valva and anellus with the two fin- cally divided into two irregularly formed ger-like processes in male genitalia distin- ends. guish I. sardiniella from the other species Female genitalia. Unknown. of this group. Variation. Known only from the Distribution. Italy: Sardinia, France: holotype. Corsica and French mainland (unpub- Similar species. The long thin phal- lished record). lus, and the anellus apically with two 126 chapter 3 irregularly formed ends are characteristic no visible differences from the female for this species. genitalia of I. ignicomella. Distribution. Only known from the Variation. No variation was found type locality in South-western Spain: because of the few studied specimens. Chiclana. Similar species. Superficially charac- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. terised by having a somewhat indistinct The collection date of holotype is: pattern on the unicoloured forewing. In «1912, VI–VII». male genitalia the minute phallus and the Remarks. The description of male gen- very complicated anellus distinguish the italia follows Petersen (1964c: fig. 7). species from the other members of the genus. Distribution. France (Hautes Alpes), 133 Infurcitinea klimeschi Passerin North Italy. d'Entrèves, 1974 Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Adults have been collected in July and Infurcitinea klimeschi Passerin d'Entrèves, August. 1974: 6, fig. 3.

Description. Wingspan 10–12 mm. Head 134 Infurcitinea parentii Petersen, 1964 brush cream yellowish. Labial palp outside brown-grey, inside paler, second segment Infurcitinea parentii Petersen, 1964a: 233, apically bristled. Antenna grey, underside fig. 10. shining whitish, scape with pecten. Thorax and tegula brown-grey. Forewing with Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head same colouration, almost without any brush white. Labial palp inside white, out- visible pattern. Hindwing grey-brown. side brown, second segment apically bris- Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, lat- tled. Antenna ringed, scape white, with erally narrow folded; vinculum with two pecten. Thorax and tegula white, with more or less triangular processes; valva individual dark scales. Forewing white, with more or less square corpus, costal with pattern of scattered dark scales, form- edge straight, costal arm with rounded ing patches at 1/2 and at 3/4. Hindwing bristled tip, directed downwards, ventral dark grey. edge convex, with projecting rounded Male genitalia. Uncus hyaline, vin- angle; phallus minute, fused with very culum with two long narrow lateral pro- complicated anellus (four times longer cesses; valva with narrow rectangular cor- than phallus): first part is a finger-shaped pus, ­costal arm as long as the length of process, apically hook-like, with pointed corpus, with rounded bristled tip, from tip, the second part is broad, band-like, lat- apodeme along costal edge to rounded tip erally folded, apically incurved. of costal arm a band-shaped sclerotisation; Female genitalia. According to phallus nearly twice as long as valva, nar- Gibeaux (1987: fig. 5), who described the row, apically slightly curved, truncate, one female genitalia for the first time, there are edge longer, at 1/2 laterally with a field of Systematic treatment of the genera and species 127 short strongly sclerotised thorns; anellus scales. Forewing white, overlaid with fused with phallus, one part small, finger- darker scales, forming a patch at base and a shaped, bristled, the other part twice as darker area in the posterior half of fore- long, apically with three long pointed wing; fringe with a dark scale-line. thorns. Hindwing white. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Male genitalia. Uncus hyaline; vin- sis short, not forked; segment VIII around culum with two long lateral processes; ostium lip strongly sclerotised; ductus bur- valva nearly square, with long apodeme, sae funnel-shaped, inner side with numer- costal arm curved down, apically bristled, ous short thorns. with two triangular thorns, the view Variation. Some specimens (fig. 134b) depends upon preparation (fig. 135a); with forewing nearly completely overlaid phallus longer than valva, basally with dark scales, only some patches at rounded, narrower to obliquely truncated costa and at dorsum whitish. tip; anellus fused with phallus, one part Similar species. The phallus laterally nearly as long as phallus, with rounded with a field of strongly sclerotised thorns, bristled tip, a ­second part clearly shorter, one part of anellus apically with three long finger-like, with numerous thin, subapi- pointed thorns in male genitalia, and the cally bulbous hairs. funnel-shaped and thorned ductus bursae in Female genitalia. Unknown. female genitalia are characteristic for this Variation. No variation was found species. due to the few studied specimens. Distribution. Spain (Requena, 2003), Similar species. Valva with curved France (Nel, 1999), Italy (Piemonte, down costal arm, apically bristled and Liguria, Abruzzi). with two triangular thorns and the finger- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. like part of anellus with numerous, subapi- Adults have been collected between June cally bulbous hairs are characteristic for and August. this species. Distribution. Only known from the type locality in Italy: Sicily. 135 Infurcitinea siciliana Petersen, Bionomics. Larval host unknown. All 1964 known specimens were collected at the beginning of July. Infurcitinea siciliana Petersen, 1964b: 21, fig. 3. 136 Infurcitinea marcunella (Rebel, Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head 1901) brush white, laterally and above palps somewhat darker. Labial palp inside nearly Tinea marcunella Rebel, 1901: 180. white, outside darker, second segment api- cally bristled. Antenna lightly ringed, scape Description. Wingspan 9–10 mm. Head white, with pecten. Thorax and tegula brush white, from insertion of antennae to white, tegula basally with some darker labial palps grey. Labial palp light grey to 128 chapter 3 whitish. Antenna ringed. Thorax and Distribution. Spain (Andalusia, tegula white, basally with some darker Murcia), Portugal (Corley et al., 2000), scales. Forewing white with pattern of France (Varenne & Nel, 2008), outside brown-grey scales forming three stripes Europe known from Mauretania, Morocco with more or less indistinct edges at 1/4, at and Algeria. 1/2 and at 2/3 from costa to dorsum, the Bionomics. Larval host unknown. first stripe very indistinct, the second Adults have been collected between April stripe with clearer edges, the third stripe and June. narrowest on cell; some scattered dark scales on white area; fringe with a dark scale-line. Hindwing white. 137 Infurcitinea frustigerella Male genitalia. Vinculum band- (Walsingham, 1907) shaped, laterally with triangular processes; valva compact, costal edge nearly straight, Tinea frustigerella Walsingham, 1907: 193. ending in a finger-like bristled pointed Tinea absconditella Chrétien, 1915: 369. projection, ventral edge regular curved to the incision below the costal projection; Description. Wingspan 10–14 mm. phallus basally rounded, tapered to hook- Head brush cream-coloured, above palps like tip; anellus basally fused with phallus, somewhat darker. Labial palp white, out- divided into two flap-like parts, basally side with some darker scales, second seg- fused, with strong sclerotised edge, ending ment apically bristled. Antenna ringed. in two finger-like projections, opposite Thorax and tegula nearly white, with the sclerotised edge two pointed thin some darker scales. Forewing white with processes. scattered brown scales, in larger num- Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- bers on costa from base to 1/4, in cell an ses forked, ventral branches connected area of light brown scales. Hindwing apically in a bristled band with triangu- white. lar tips lateral to ostium lip; dorsal Male genitalia. Vinculum ventrally branches connected in a plate; segment with deep sinus between triangular lateral VIII sclerotised, particularly proximal processes; valva with costal arm with bris- edge. tled pointed tip, directed upwards, costal Variation. Some specimens with fore- edge slightly concave, a rod-like sclerotisa- wing nearly completely overlaid with tion from base along nearly the entire brown-grey scales (fig. 136b). costal arm; ventral part of valva with Similar species. The compact valva semicircular rounded ventral edge, end- with the finger-like pointed projection of ing in hook-like pointed tip; phallus costal arm and the shape of anellus (two fused basally with anellus, as long as flap-like parts with strong sclerotised edge, the width of valva, basally rounded, ending in finger-like projections and later- tapering to pointed tip; anellus 1.5 times ally thin pointed processes) are character- length of phallus, divided into two flap- istic for this species in contrast to I. like oval parts, on the middle edge with frustigerella. wrinkled sclerotisation. Fig. 138a shows Systematic treatment of the genera and species 129 the phallus-anellus complex in dorso-ven- Male genitalia. Uncus hyaline; vin- tral view. culum narrow, band-shaped, lateral pro- Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- cesses small; valva basally broad, costal arm sis not forked; ostium lip cup-shaped, with arising before 1/2, costal edge convex, api- granular sclerotisations. cally with a row of strongly sclerotised small Variation. Some specimens with fore- teeth, costal arm more or less parallel-sided, wing covered with more dark scales, the sometimes tapering to apex, ­ventral edge light brown area in cell as an oblique stripe concave, inside the valva a more or less oval to base of fringe, fringe with dark scale- flap-shaped projection; phallus basally line (fig. 137b). rounded, tapering to thin tip; anellus­ fused Similar species. In contrast to I. mar- with phallus, consisting of two semicircular cunella the valva with bristled pointed tip processes, each forked at 1/2, each branch of costal arm, directed upward, and with narrowed to thin pointed tip. ventral edge ending in hook-like pointed Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- tip, anellus divided into two flap-like oval sis not forked, ending in triangular tip; no parts with wrinkled sclerotisations. visible ostium lip; segment VIII on ventral Distribution. Spain (Domínguez & base with a rod-shaped sclerotisation, seg- Baixeras, 1995b), Cyprus, outside Europe ment VII vaulted apically. known from Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Variation. The shape of apical teeth Turkey and Iran. of valva in male genitalia is variable Bionomics. Larval host unknown. (figs 138a-138d). Adults have been collected between Similar species. The valva with the March and June and in October and oval projection inside, the various sized November. apical teeth on costal arm and the shape of Remarks. It might be expected that anellus (two semicircular forked pro- the species will be found in other cesses) are characteristic for this species. Mediterranean countries. Distribution. Iberian Peninsula (including Gibraltar (Perez, 2009)), France, Italy (including Sicily). 138 Infurcitinea italica (Amsel, 1954) Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Adults have been collected between April Microtinea italica Amsel, 1954: 10, pl. 1, and September. fig. 7.

Description. Wingspan 6–7 mm. Head 139 Infurcitinea cyprica Petersen & brush dark grey, above neck somewhat Gaedike, 1985 paler. Labial palp light grey. Thorax and tegula nearly completely covered with Infurcitinea cyprica Petersen & Gaedike, dark grey scales. Antenna grey. Forewing 1985: 31, figs 1–5. on cream-coloured ground covered with dark grey scales, without any clear pattern. Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head Hindwing whitish. brush white, from insertion of antennae to 130 chapter 3 labial palps grey-brown. Labial palp inside 140 Infurcitinea taurus Gaedike, 1988 light cream-coloured, outside darker, sec- ond segment apically bristled. Antenna Infurcitinea taurus Gaedike, 1988: 328, grey-brown, lightly ringed. Thorax and figs 11–12. tegula cream-coloured, nearly completely covered with grey-brown scales. Forewing Description. Wingspan 8–10 mm. Head ground-colour cream-coloured, nearly brush white. Labial palp inside cream- completely covered with grey-brown scales, coloured, outside darker, second segment without any clear pattern. Hindwing white. nearly completely bristled. Antenna ringed. Male genitalia. Uncus long, trun- Thorax and tegula white, apical half cov- cate, laterally slightly folded; vinculum ered with some dark scales. Forewing on with two thin lateral processes; valva white ground with pattern of dark brown nearly as long as uncus-vinculum, with scales: two stripes from costa to dorsum at very long apodeme, base square, with 1/2 and 2/3, some dots on dorsum and the strongly sclerotised basal angles, lanceo- area before apex. Hindwing grey. late, narrowed to rounded bristled tip; Male genitalia. Uncus long, trun- phallus fused with anellus at rectangular cate; vinculum with two lateral processes base, shorter than apodeme, tapered to with strong sclerotised edges; valva basally pointed tip, at 1/2 one small pointed tooth; broad, ventrally rounded, with short flap- anellus longer than valva, at 1/3 forked into like projection, the corpus more or less lan- two curved arms, with bristles starting as a ceolate, from base to rounded tip slightly row in middle widening to completely narrower; phallus with rounded base, nar- cover the apical quarter. rower to pointed tip, with hyaline projec- Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- tion; anellus basally fused with phallus, sis short, not forked; segment VIII extended forked near base into two long branches, at in tongue shape, subapically with strongly 1/2 angled and ending in pointed tips. sclerotised circular ostium lip; ventral edge Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- of segment with wrinkled sclerotisation. sis not forked; segment VIII basally with Variation. The studied specimens strongly sclerotised edge, apically with show no variation. round sinus at ostium lip and laterally an Similar species. Characteristic for additional slit-like incision; the ventral this species are the male genitalia with side with some strongly sclerotised edges lanceolate valva with long apodeme and and a nearly circular sclerotisation; ostium anellus forked into two curved arms with lip cup-like. numerous bristles in the apical quarter, Variation. In female genitalia the and in the female genitalia the tongue-like shape of ostium lip is somewhat variable prolonged segment VIII. (figs 140a-140c). Distribution. Only known from the Similar species. In male genitalia type locality in Cyprus: Troodos Mts. the two long branches of anellus distin- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. guish I. taurus from I. cyprica, female geni- Adults of the type series were collected in talia similar to I. ochridella, but the cup- July and August. like ostium lip is clearly more flat. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 131

Distribution. Greece (mainland, a semi-hyaline finger-shaped process, con- Samos island). nected at base, as long as phallus. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Adults were collected between June and ses forked, ventral branches fused in the August. middle and forming a narrow plate with Remarks. The first illustration of the two bristled apical processes, dorsal female genitalia was given in my paper branches ending in a broad sclerotised from 1987 (figs 7–8) erroneously under the plate; ostium an oval strongly sclerotised name ochridella. It was later corrected ring; segment VIII with strongly sclero- (Gaedike, 1992, p. 86). tised basal edge. Variation. Some specimens generally paler, forewing more white than dark 141 Infurcitinea turcica Petersen, (fig. 141b). 1968 Similar species. Distinguishable from the other species in the male genita- Infurcitinea turcica Petersen, 1968: 63, lia: truncate tegumen with pointed edges, figs 12–13. valva with bristled finger-like process inside, costal arm with small hook basally Description. Wingspan 8–9 mm. Head and phallus-anellus-complex with addi- brush white, sometimes cream-coloured, tional semi-hyaline process; in the female above palps with dark scales. Labial palp genitalia: ostium is a strong sclerotised inside whitish, outside darker, second seg- ring, the fused ventral branches of anterior ment apically bristled. Thorax and tegula apophyses, forming a plate with two bris- white, basally with dark grey scales. tled lateral processes. Forewing white with pattern of dark grey- Distribution. Greece (Lesvos Island), brown scales: base at costa, obliquely to outside Europe known from Turkey. cell, a stripe at 1/2 from costa to dorsum Bionomics. Larval host unknown. without clear border and nearly the entire Adults were collected between May and July. apical third, only apex and a patch on costa are white; fringe with dark scale-line. Hindwing white. 142 Infurcitinea hellenica Gaedike, 1997 Male genitalia. Uncus hyaline, tegu- men truncate, with pointed edges; vincu- Infurcitinea hellenica Gaedike, 1997a: 38, lum with two short thin rod-shaped pro- figs 7–9. cesses; valva as long as uncus-tegumen complex, ventrally rounded, inside with a Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head bristled finger-shaped process, costal arm brush whitish, from insertion of anten- narrowest basally, twice length of ventral nae to palps darker. Labial palp nearly part, apically oval, bristled, costal edge at white, outside light brown. Antenna light base with small hook; phallus with brown. Thorax and tegula brown. Forewing rounded base, curved, fused with anellus, sand-coloured, with smudged brown pat- only separated in apical half, additionally tern. Hindwing whitish. 132 chapter 3

Male genitalia. Uncus hyaline, vin- 143 Infurcitinea atrifasciella culum with two very long rod-shaped pro- (Staudinger, 1871) cesses, approximately 0.5 times length of valva; valva with broad, pointed apodeme, Tinea atrifasciella Staudinger, 1871: 288. more or less parallel-sided, costal edge from Infurcitinea diasi Amsel, 1957: 31, base to 3/4 slightly concave, last quarter fig. 2. oblique down to blunt bristled tip; ventral Infurcitinea zernyi Zagulajev, 1974: 423, edge basally rounded, then deeply concave, figs 16–17. from 3/4 to dorsal tip sickle-shaped. Left valva in apical quarter with another shape: Description. Wingspan 7–10 mm. Head costal edge nearly straight, directed upwards brush white, tips of scales creamy. Labial to tip, in the middle of apical edge a pointed palp outside brown, inside white, second tip; phallus as long as valva, basally bulbous, segment apically bristled. Antenna ringed, tapered to rounded tip, subapically with two scape white, with pecten. Thorax white, minute teeth, at 1/5 of length with a thin pro- tips of scales brown, apically nearly com- cess, with two apical bristles; anellus some- pletely brown, tegula basally brown, api- what shorter than phallus, basally fused cally white. Forewing white, with dark with phallus, band-shaped, last third with brown pattern: a triangular spot from base numerous bristles. to 1/4 on costa and to base of cell, a fascia Female genitalia. Unknown. at 1/2 from costa to dorsum with inner side Variation. The shape of valva and straight and outer side convex, an oblique phallus-anellus complex show some dif- stripe at 2/3 from costa to dorsum, some ferences in the second known specimen minute dots at base of fringe; scales on (fig. 142b). fringe with brown tips. Hindwing white. Similar species. In male genitalia Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, lat- the very long processes on vinculum are erally with pointed tips; vinculum narrow, similar to I. teriolella or to some species of with long lateral processes; valva with long the next species group, but the asymmet- narrow apodeme, ventral part rounded, ric apical half of valva distinguishes I. hel- ending in a thin process, obliquely directed lenica from these other taxa. apically, costal arm at costal edge concave, Distribution. Hitherto known only apical edge sickle-shaped, inner side bris- from two specimens from Greece. tled, the entire costal arm more strongly Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The sclerotised than ventral part; phallus as two known specimens were collected on long as valva, base rounded, tapering to 21st May and 6th June. thin tip. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- ses not forked, connected medially to a Species-group: atrifasciella bristled plate ending in two rounded lobes; at basal edge of segment VIII a rod-shaped The following three species are character- sclerotisation. ised by having phallus with anellus Variation. In some specimens the obsolete. dark brown pattern covers more of Systematic treatment of the genera and species 133 forewing: the triangular spot fused at dor- whitish, apically dark grey. Forewing grey- sum with the fascia, the fascia fused with brown, with some white spots: at 1/2 on the oblique stripe, the base of fringe com- costa, before apex, at 1/3 on dorsum, and pletely dark brown, the light parts of wing on dorsum at beginning of fringe, obliquely are more creamy; hindwing creamy too. below the spot on costa; fringe around In male genitalia the tips of vinculum vari- apex with dark scale-line. Hindwing dark able (Gaedike, 1992: figs 14–15), in female grey. genitalia the shape of bristled plate varies Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, (fig. 143a). with rounded edges, vinculum with Similar species. Superficially charac- extremely long lateral processes; valva terised by having white forewing with basally with strong sclerotised edge, basal mostly distinct dark brown pattern. In part rounded, inside with small hook- male genitalia the sickle-shaped apical shaped pointed process, valva after first edge of costal arm of valva and the third abruptly narrower, ventral edge end- long thin process on ventral part are ing in a thin pointed process, costal arm characteristic for this species, in contrast apically truncate, with rounded bristled to the following two members of this edges; phallus nearly twice length of valva, group. base bulbous, then narrower, parallel- Distribution. Iberian Peninsula, sided to truncate tip. France, Italy, Switzerland and Austria, out- Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- side Europe known from Morocco and sis not forked; ostium funnel-shaped, pro- Tunisia. longed into a plate with rounded bristled Bionomics. Larval host unknown. apical lobes, area distal to ostium with fine Adults have been collected between May granular sclerotisations. and October. Variation. Sometimes the spots at 1/2 Remarks. Petersen (1962a: fig. 13) on costa and at beginning of fringe con- described for the first time the true female nected to form a stripe, the spot at 1/3 on genitalia of this species and corrected his dorsum is extended nearly to costa, and earlier opinion (Petersen, 1958b: fig. 12). head brush is more white. Similar species. The truncate end of costal arm and the thin pointed process at 144 Infurcitinea teriolella (Amsel, 1954) the end of ventral arm of valva in the male genitalia characterise this species. Atinea teriolella Amsel, 1954: 16, pl. 1, Distribution. Spain, France, Italy, figs 15–16. Switzerland, Germany (Göttlinger, 2013) and The Netherlands (Huisman et al., Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head 2013). brush light clay-coloured, laterally and Bionomics. Larvae on lichens (Parenti above palps darker. Labial palp outside & Varalda, 2000), not on algae, as dark grey, inside creamy, second segment noticed by Huisman et al. (2013). Adults bristled. Antenna grey-brown, scape with have been collected between May and pecten. Scales on thorax and tegula basally August. 134 chapter 3

145 Infurcitinea yildizae Koçak, 1981 Distribution. Italy (type localities). The listing of this species from France Infurcitinea yildizae Koçak, 1981c: 111. (Leraut, 1980) needs verification. Tinea sexguttella Mann, 1873: 127; hom- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The onym of Tinea sexguttella Thunberg, 1794. few adults seen were labelled without col- lection date. Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head brush white, around insertion of antennae creamy. Labial palp whitish, outside some- Species-group: maroccana what darker, second segment apically bris- tled. Antenna dark grey, scape whitish. The members of this group of species are Thorax and tegula white, basally dark grey. characterised by having a long thin finger- Forewing dark grey-brown with white pat- like prolongation of the ventral part of tern of fasciae and spots: a fascia at 1/3 from valva and a more or less complex anellus, costa to dorsum, spots at 1/2 and at 3/4 on fused with phallus. In Europe seven spe- costa and at apex, from beginning of fringe cies are known. nearly to costa a fascia, the lateral apical edges connected with the two spots on costa, nearly forming a Y; fringe with a dark 146 Infurcitinea walsinghami Petersen, grey-brown scale-line. Hindwing white. 1962 Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, with rounded edges; processes of vincu- Infurcitinea walsinghami Petersen, 1962a: lum long; valva compact, costal arm ends 537, fig. 14. rounded and bristled, ventral part only 1/2 of the length of valva, with rounded tip, Description. Wingspan 9 mm. Head apical edge oblique to rounded end of cos- brush creamy. Labial palp creamy, second tal arm, with one small and with one lon- segment apically with one bristle. Antenna ger finger-shaped process between them; grey. Forewing creamy, with a pattern of phallus longer than valva, base bulbous, brown scales, forming at 2/3 a stripe from narrower to tip. costa to dorsum and a larger patch between Female genitalia. Unknown. stripe and apex, the other part of forewing Variation. The studied specimens with scattered brown scales. As the condi- show no variation. tion of the only two known specimens is Similar species. The white pattern of not very good, it is impossible to describe fasciae and spots on dark grey-brown fore- more details of colouration of forewing. wing makes the species distinguishable Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, superficially from the other members of with pointed lateral tips; vinculum medi- this group; in male genitalia the compact ally narrowest, with long lateral processes; valva with rounded end of costal arm valva as long as uncus-tegumen, apodeme and with two finger-shaped processes thick, basal edge from apodeme to ventral between ventral part and costal apex is angle strongly sclerotised, ventral edge characteristic. folded, costal arm twice length of ventral Systematic treatment of the genera and species 135 part of valva, parallel-sided, tip rounded, as a line to beginning of fringe, and two tip and last part of costal edge with short smaller patches below apex, also a faint strongly sclerotised teeth, inner side with brown stripe at 1/2 from beginning of long bristles, the shape and size differs fringe to costa; on fringe a brown scale- slightly between the two valvae; phallus line. Hindwing whitish. narrow, shorter than anellus, anellus fused Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, basally, one part of it knife-like, the other vinculum narrowest medially, with long part much larger, plate-shaped, the entire lateral processes; valva as long as uncus- apical edge with long strong bristles, tegumen, apodeme more or less thin, basal inwardly wrinkled. edge from apodemes to ventral angle Female genitalia. Unknown. strongly sclerotised, ventral edge narrowly Variation. Known only from two folded, ending in slender process directed specimens. towards apex of valva, costal arm twice Similar species. The shape of the length of ventral part, costal edge convex, male genitalia is similar to the following with rounded tip, apical edge with short species, differences are: costal arm of valva strongly sclerotised teeth; valvae are asym- parallel-sided, last part of costal edge with metrical: right valva with distinctly strong sclerotised teeth, one part of anel- broader costal arm, without teeth on cos- lus knife-like, the other one plate-shaped, tal margin, left valva with distinctly nar- the entire apical edge with long strong rower costal arm, toothed also at the end bristles. of costal edge; phallus narrow, less than Distribution. Only known from the half length of anellus; anellus fused basally, type locality in France: one part as long as phallus, narrow, longi- Pyrénées-Orientales. tudinally folded, the other part much lon- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The ger, very complex, with some rows of long types were collected on 19th/21st June. strongly sclerotised bristles. Female genitalia. Unknown. Variation. The shape of the costal arm 147 Infurcitinea gaedikella Nel, 2003 of valva is somewhat variable (fig. 147a). Similar species. In male genitalia Infurcitinea gaedikella Nel, 2003: 46, similar to I. walsinghami, but the asym- figs 1–2. metric valvae and the shape of anellus (one part narrow, longitudinally folded, Description. Wingspan 10–11 mm. Head the other part much longer and very com- brush white, laterally with some greyish plex with some rows of long strongly scales. Labial palp grey, second segment sclerotised bristles) make the species apically bristled. Thorax and tegula whit- distinguishable. ish, basally grey. Antenna grey, scape and Distribution. Only known from the first part of flagellum white on top. type locality in France: Alpes-Maritimes. Forewing cream-coloured greyish, with a Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The pattern of dark brown scales: base on holotype was collected on 3rd July, the costa, a patch on dorsum at 1/4, prolonged paratype was collected on 20th June. 136 chapter 3

Remarks. The visible pattern is very Female genitalia. Unknown. indistinct because of poor condition of the Variation. No variation was found specimens. because of the few studied specimens. Similar species. Characteristic for this species and differences from the 148 Infurcitinea vartianae Petersen, other members of this group of species 1962 are in male genitalia: costal edge of valva apically bent upward to small Infurcitinea vartianae Petersen, 1962b: 219, pointed tip, ventral edge of costal arm of figs 13–14. valva sickle-shaped; anellus divided into three parts. Description. Wingspan 11 mm. Head Distribution. Spain (Pyrenees – type brush white. Labial palp nearly white, last locality), France (Nel, 2006). segment with darker scales, second seg- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. ment bristled. Scape of antenna white, fla- The type series was collected on 1st–3rd gellum ringed. Thorax and tegula white, July, the French specimen on 11th basally with brown scales. Forewing white June. with scattered pattern of light brown scales with dark brown tips: these scales are situated closely to base, before 1/2 as a 149 Infurcitinea peterseni Baldizzone, blurred stripe from costa to dorsum, on 1984 costa at 2/3 as short stripe, and from apex along base of fringe, numerous small Infurcitinea peterseni Baldizzone, 1984: 197, brown dots cover the white area. Hindwing figs 4–9. silver-grey, shining. Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head with lateral pointed tips; vinculum broad, brush creamy, above palps a little darker. two lateral narrow processes, basal edge Labial palp creamy, second segment bris- strongly sclerotised; valva strongly sclero- tled. Antenna grey-brown. Thorax and tised from apodeme along basal edge to tegula creamy, basally with some darker rounded ventral angle, ventral edge nar- scales. Forewing creamy, overlaid with rowly folded, costal arm narrow, costal scattered grey-brown scales, without clear edge bent upward to small pointed tip, pattern; fringe with a dark scale-line. ventral edge sickle-shaped, the inner side Hindwing white. of apical part with long bristles; phallus Male genitalia. Uncus with rounded narrow, with pointed tip; anellus divided tip, on inside with two finger-shaped into three parts: the first is the longest, nar- prolongations, vinculum band-shaped, row, without any additional structures, the laterally with pointed processes; valva second and third fused basally, the second basally with strongly sclerotised edge, folded longitudinally, covered with long ventral part on inside edge bristled, bristles, the third narrow, apically with with rounded tip, the thin finger-like pro- three thin prolongations. longation hook-shaped; costal edge from Systematic treatment of the genera and species 137 apodeme to beyond 1/2 more or less creamy, basally with darker scales. straight, then abruptly narrower, costal Forewing creamy, overlaid with grey- arm ends lanceolate, with upward directed brown scales, especially at base on costa, pointed tip, on inner side from base of without any clear pattern, only an indica- apodeme to beginning of narrow part a tion of two stripes at 1/2 and at 2/3 from rod-shaped sclerotisation; phallus with costa to dorsum. Hindwing white. bulbous base, as long as valva, narrow; Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, vin- anellus narrow, a little shorter than phal- culum laterally with more or less triangu- lus, in the last half divided into two arms, lar processes; valva higher than long, basal apically bristled. edge strongly sclerotised, ventral part oval, Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- the finger-like prolongation on inner side sis not forked, connected by a broad band; hook-shaped; costal edge after apodeme ostium lip more or less rhomboid, apically ovally vaulted, then regularly concave to bristled; segment VIII with basal edge pointed tip; phallus slender after bulbous strongly sclerotised. base, at beginning of thin part with a clear Variation. No variation was found hook-shaped tooth; anellus longer than because of the few studied specimens. phallus, sail-shaped, inner edge longitudi- Similar species. In male genitalia nally folded, subapically with numerous the shape of uncus with the two finger- minute thorns. shaped prolongations is characteristic for Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- this species and makes it distinguishable ses forked, ventral branches connected from the other members of this group of with a sclerotised plate, apically ending in species. two rounded bristled lobes; ostium funnel- Distribution. Spain (Castile-Leon; shaped between these lobes, strongly Andalusia), Portugal (Corley et al., 2012). sclerotised; dorsal branches ending in dor- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. sal part of segment. Adults have been collected in July and Variation. Superficially no variation August. was found because of the few studied specimens; in male genitalia the size of costal edge of valva and the size of hook- 150 Infurcitinea reisseri Petersen, shaped tooth on phallus are variable 1968 (fig. 150a). Similar species. Characteristic for Infurcitinea reisseri Petersen, 1968: 63, this species in male genitalia, valva broader fig. 11. than long, the finger-like prolongation hook-shaped, costal arm after apodeme Description. Wingspan 6–8 mm. Head vaulted, apically pointed, and the sail- brush creamy, laterally and above palps shaped anellus. with darker scales. Labial palp inside Distribution. Greece: Crete. white, outside grey-brown, second seg- Bionomics. Larval host unknown. ment apically bristled. Antenna grey, scape Adults were collected between the end of whitish, with pecten. Thorax and tegula June and beginning of August. 138 chapter 3

151 Infurcitinea iberica Gaedike, 2010 Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Adults were collected in March, May and Infurcitinea iberica Gaedike, 2010: 13, figs 3, at the end of August and in September. 6–8, 20.

Description. Wingspan 8–10 mm. Head 152 Infurcitinea karadaghica Zagulajev, brush from the neck to the middle creamy, 1979 remainder darker. Antenna dark grey, scape underside whitish. Thorax pale yellowish, Infurcitinea karadaghica Zagulajev, 1979: base of tegula somewhat darker. Forewing 220, fig. 149. whitish, overlaid with numerous darker scales, without clear pattern, most dark Description. Wingspan 8–9 mm. Head scales at base and on first half of costa. brush white. Labial palp whitish. Thorax Male genitalia. Uncus truncate; vin- and tegula white, tegula basally darker. culum with ventral sinus between lateral Forewing creamy with pattern of grey- lobes, hardly forming distinct processes; brown scales. Only two stripes are visible, valva basally broad, after 1/2 narrower, cos- at 1/2 and at 2/3 from costa to dorsum, in tal arm bristled, apically pointed, parallel the original description a third stripe to costal edge a sclerotised bristled line; (oblique) at 1/4 from costa to dorsum is ventral edge inside with row of bristles, mentioned. Hindwing white. the finger-like prolongation directed Male genitalia. Uncus rounded; vin- straight, apodeme very long and narrow; culum apically bent, laterally with long phallus basally bulbous, curved, narrow; ­narrow pointed processes; valva with anellus twice length of phallus, bilobed, strongly sclerotised basal edge, ventral apically rounded. part at basal edge folded, obliquely incised Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- to base, the finger-like prolongation thick, sis short, unforked; eighth segment more hook-shaped, costal arm twice as long as strongly sclerotised than other segments; ventral part, sickle-shaped, directed ductus bursae below ostium with numer- upward, with rounded oval tip; phallus a ous small, sclerotised rounded tubercles; little longer than valva, basally bulbous, first part of this tuberculous area some- remainder thin, truncate, with two small what widened, with ring-like strongly teeth in the last third; anellus divided into sclerotised edges. two club-shaped prolongations, as long as Variation. No variation was found phallus. because of the few studied specimens. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Similar species. In the structure of ses not forked, connected ventrally by nar- the male genitalia there are similarities to I. row, strongly sclerotised band; ostium sur- frustigerella, but the costal arm of valva is rounded by strongly sclerotised plate, api- narrower, without rod-like sclerotisation, the cally excavated, with two rounded bristled finger-like prolongation is longer and thin, tips, ostium cup-shaped, first part of duc- the lobed anellus without any wrinkles. tus bursae strongly sclerotised, after that Distribution. Spain (Andalusia). S-shaped and wrinkled. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 139

Variation. No variation was found Tinea albicapilla Zeller, 1852: 148. because of the few studied specimens. Tinea albicomella Herrich-Schäffer, Similar species. In male genitalia 1854: 74; homonym and synonym of Tinea the thick hook-shaped finger-like prolon- albicomella Stainton, 1851. gation on ventral edge of valva and the Infurcitinea luridella Jäckh, 1959: 87, sickle-shaped costal arm with rounded tip, fig. 4; pl. I: fig. 4 together with the two minute cornuti in Infurcitinea raetica Zagulajev, 1974: 421, phallus are characteristic for this species figs 13–14. and make it distinguishable from the other members of this group of species. Description. Wingspan 7–10 mm. Head Distribution. Portugal (Corley et al., brush white, above palps some dark scales. 2006), Ukraine, Crimea, outside Europe Labial palp inside white, outside dark, sec- known from Armenia. ond segment bristled. Antenna dark grey, Bionomics. Larval host unknown. scape with pecten. Thorax and tegula Adults were collected at the end of July white to light creamy, basally with dark and beginning of August (Crimea, scales. Forewing light creamy, more or less Armenia), in Portugal on 13th August and overlaid with dark grey-brown scales, 2nd September. forming an indistinct pattern: base at Remarks. The condition of the studied costa, a hook at 1/4 on dorsum, two indis- specimens is not very good. The gap in the tinct oblique stripes at 1/2 and 2/3 from known distribution is not explainable. costa to dorsum, and a stripe along ter- men. Hindwing grey. Male genitalia. Uncus narrow, trun- Species-group: albicomella cate; two narrow finger-like processes (subscaphium) up to 3/4 of length of The species of this group are characterised uncus; vinculum narrow, band-shaped, by having asymmetrical valvae with more laterally with long narrow processes; valva or less separated costal arm; anellus often more or less square, ventral edge folded, very complicated, fused with phallus. basal edge deeply concave, costal arm nar- Seven species are known in Europe. row, with a small, strongly sclerotised pro- The following three species are similar cess on inside, sometimes hook-shaped, in the genitalia structures: males with fin- sometimes straight, ending in oval tip and ger-like subscaphium, valvae with strong ventrally with small curvature (left valva), sclerotised process inside the costal arm; or with rounded tip with lengthwise females with dorsal or dorsolateral appen- fold (right valva); phallus nearly as dix on segment VIII. long as valva, basally bulbous, last half narrow, curved, basally with a row of small bristles; anellus longer than phallus, 153 Infurcitinea albicomella (Stainton, slightly curved, subapically with minute 1851) tooth. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Tinea albicomella Stainton, 1851: 18. sis not forked; segment VIII dorsolaterally 140 chapter 3 with S-shaped appendix, basally wrinkled, attraction by pheromones is given by apical part strongly sclerotised, the El-Sayed, A. M., 2012. rounded tip with some bristles. Depending upon preparation, the view looks different (see fig. 153a). 154 Infurcitinea lakoniae Gaedike, Variation. Some specimens with 1983 dark pattern reduced to only base and remains of the stripes (fig. 153b), while Infurcitinea lakoniae Gaedike, 1983a (15.ii.): some specimens nearly completely over- 128, figs 130–133, 138. laid with dark scales, only tegula apically Infurcitinea laconiae Petersen & and on forewing dorsum from base to Gaedike, 1983 (31.xii.): 287, figs 10–13, 16–17 beginning of fringe and some dots at costa (misspelling). are creamy (fig. 153c), an extreme case of darkening is seen in fig. 153d. In male geni- Description. Wingspan 6–8 mm. Head talia sometimes the sclerotised process brush creamy, sometimes nearly white. inside the valva is minute or lacking Labial palp inside creamy, outside light (fig. 153a). brown, second segment apically bristled. Similar species. In male genitalia the Antenna ringed, scape with pecten.Thorax differences from I. lakoniae and I. vander- and tegula creamy, tegula basally with wolfi are the more or less square valva with darker scales. Forewing creamy, nearly all folded ventral edge and a slightly curved scales apically brown, large areas in cell, narrow anellus and in female genitalia the before apex and at base of costa are dark, S-shaped, basally wrinkled appendix dor- but not forming a clear pattern; fringe with solaterally on segment VIII. dark scale-line. Hindwing grey. Segments Distribution. Nearly all Europe, in III and IV of female abdomen dorsally the north to Sweden, in the east to Ukraine; deep brown, as in I. nigropluviella. outside Europe recorded from Turkey and Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, Georgia. margins incurved, the two narrow finger- Bionomics. Adults can be observed on like processes (subscaphium) up to 1/2 of branches of bushes, covered with lichens, the length of uncus; vinculum band- the short flights look like jumps (pers. obser- shaped, narrow, the lateral processes short, vation). Larvae on lichens on stones and on with rounded tip; right valva with more or branches of bushes and trees (Rammert, less circular ventral part (1/3 of entire 1989). Heckford (1992) found larvae living in valva), apical edge with long, strongly silken tubes among dead and fallen leaves of sclerotised bristles, costal arm basally with Cotoneaster microphyllus and Quercus ilex, strongly sclerotised tooth, apically with grazing the surface. Later (Heckford, 2011) he lengthwise fold (similar to albicomella), found larvae living in an area without these apical edge below costal arm with some two plants, suggesting that they may live on long strongly sclerotised bristles; left valva general detritus. A short description of the broader than right valva, costal arm api- larva is given by Heckford (1992). A compila- cally with two rounded tips, the bristled tion of the published results concerning edge below costal arm more pronounced; Systematic treatment of the genera and species 141 phallus bottle-shaped, last third narrow, 155 Infurcitinea vanderwolfi Gaedike, hook-shaped, at base of hook a bristled 1997 area; anellus larger than phallus, elongate oval, with pointed narrow tip, basally Infurcitinea vanderwolfi Gaedike, 1997a: 39, strongly sclerotised, fused with phallus. figs 10–13. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- ses short, forked, ventral branches ending Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head in the triangular strongly sclerotised ster- brush white, above palps dark. Labial palp nite of segment VIII, at its tip the ostium inside white, outside darker. Antenna ringed, with sclerotised edges; dorsal branches scape with pecten. Thorax white, tegula connected medially to band with S-shaped white, basally dark. Forewing white, nearly process with bristled tip; fig. 156a shows completely overlaid with dark grey-brown sternite of segment VIII. scales, not forming clear pattern, only Variation. The studied specimens the area from middle of base to dorsum and show no variation. obliquely to beginning of fringe is Similar species. Differences from I. ­unicoloured white, fringe and some indis- albicomella are in the male genitalia, the tinct dots at costa are creamy. Hindwing grey. valva with circular part with long bristles Male genitalia. Uncus hyaline, the and additional long bristles on apical edge two narrow finger-like processes (sub- below costal arm, bottle-shaped phallus scaphium) nearly as long as uncus; vincu- and nearly prolonged oval anellus, and lum narrow, band-shaped, with two finger- strongly sclerotised sternite VIII in female like lateral processes; valvae differ in the genitalia. Differences from I. vanderwolfi shape of costal arm: on right valva the costal are in male genitalia the shorter finger-like arm narrow, with rounded tip, on left valva subscaphium, valva without folded ventral costal arm somewhat shorter and broader, part and the elongate oval anellus, and in the rounded tip divided into two arms; ven- female genitalia the triangular strongly tral part of the two valvae folded, with sclerotised sternite of segment VIII. numerous long, strong sclerotised bristles; Distribution. Greece, Macedonia. phallus more or less bottle-shaped, last Bionomics. Larval host unknown. quarter very narrow, hook-shaped, with Adults have been collected between June brist­led area at base of hook (shape of phal- and August. lus similar to I. lakoniae); anellus fused with Remarks. The species was named phallus, twice as long as phallus, basally nar- “lakoniae” after the locality of the type rower, beyond 1/2 broader, apically truncate, series, the members of the series were on inner side an area with minute thorns. labelled “lakoniae”. Unfortunately it was Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- misspelled as laconiae in the text of the ses short, forked, ventral branches original description in Petersen & Gaedike ending in a large strongly sclerotised (1983) and was overlooked by checking the plate with numerous longitudinal wrin- proofs. The joint paper, scheduled for the kles; ostium area deeply incised; dorsal to original description of this species, was segment VIII a curved process with beak- unintentionally published too late. shaped apex. 142 chapter 3

Variation. The studied specimens phallus slightly curved, base broad, at show no variation. beginning of narrow part a sclerotised Similar species. Differences from I. edge with numerous thin bristles; anellus albicomella and I. lakoniae see under these as long as phallus, base larger, connected species. with phallus through triangular plate. Distribution. Greece, Croatia and Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Bulgaria. sis short, not forked; segment VIII with Bionomics. Larval host unknown. strongly sclerotised basal edge, distally pro- Adults have been collected in July and longed, pyramidal with ostium at the tip; August. first part of ductus bursae with granular sclerotisation; segment VII more strongly sclerotised than the others, apical edge ven- 156 Infurcitinea arenbergeri Gaedike, trally convex, dorsally with medial notch. 1988 Variation. The studied specimens show no variation. Infurcitinea arenbergeri Gaedike, 1988: 328, Similar species. The male vinculum figs 6–10. with the arrow-like prolongation and the pyramidal prolonged segment VIII in Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Labial females distinguish this species from other palp cream-coloured, second segment members of this group of species. bristled. Thorax and tegula grey-brown. Distribution. Hitherto known only Hindwing shining light grey. from Greece: Arkadia (type locality) and Males: head brush nearly white Florina/Vatochorion. Forewing nearly white, with indistinct Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The pattern of darker scales at base, at 1/2, at few known specimens were collected in 3/4 and at apex. August. Females: Head brush pale yellowish. The following two species are similar in Forewing light grey, with more dark scales. the male genitalia structures. Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, with two lateral pointed tips; vinculum medially with an arrow-like prolongation, 157 Infurcitinea olympica Petersen, basally with long processes, basal edge, 1958 together with edge of tegumen, more strongly sclerotised; shape of valvae com- Infurcitinea olympica Petersen, 1958b: 372, plicated: right valva with constriction at fig. 9. 1/3 of length, armed with strongly sclero- tised tooth, apical part broad, costal arm Description. Wingspan 9–11 mm. Head with rounded tip, ventrally a more or less brush creamy, above neck whitish. Labial square tip; left valva with constriction at palp inside creamy, outside a little darker, 2/3 of length, the sclerotised tooth nearly second segment bristled Antenna ringed. twice as long as on right valva, costal arm Thorax and tegula creamy, basally with longer, ventrally a narrow pointed tip; darker scales. Forewing creamy with Systematic treatment of the genera and species 143 scattered darker scales especially at base Description. Wingspan 10 mm. Head of costa and an indication of stripe at 1/2 brush white. Antenna ringed, scape whit- from costa to dorsum, but without any dis- ish yellow. Thorax and tegula white, tegula tinct pattern. Hindwing white. basally with grey scales. Forewing white Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, with scattered brown scales; fringe cream- with rounded angles; vinculum band- coloured. Hindwing light grey. shaped, laterally with two slightly curved Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, with processes; valvae basally between rounded angles; vinculum band-shaped, lat- apodemes and ventral edge deeply exca- erally with two straight processes; valvae vated, ventral part folded, on right valva basally between apodemes and ventral edge costal arm more or less parallel-sided, last deeply excavated, ventral part folded, right quarter narrower, directed upward to valva with costal arm becoming narrower to rounded tip, at beginning of the last quar- obliquely upward-directed finger-like pro- ter a crosswise hyaline fold, on left valva cess with bristled costal edge and rounded costal arm ­distinctly broader, last quarter tip, on ventral edge at 3/4 of the length a very divided into a short ventral, and a twice as short rounded bristled process; left valva long finger-like process, the crosswise hya- distinctly broader, the oblique finger-like line fold bigger; phallus from broad base process and the shorter process on ventral tapered to pointed tip, at 1/3 of the length edge are much longer than on right valva, at fused with a thin, apically bristled part of base of costal process a bristled bulge; phal- anellus, the other part is a leaf-shaped lus basally rounded, narrower to pointed tip, structure, from broad base narrower to at 1/2 of the length fused with a thin, bristled pointed tip, fused basally with phallus. part of anellus, somewhat longer than phal- Female genitalia. Unknown. lus, the other part is a leaf-shaped structure, Variation. No variation was found longitudinally folded, with pointed tip, fused because of the few studied specimens. basally with phallus. Similar species. In male genitalia Female genitalia. “Eighth segment the crosswise hyaline fold at the last quar- ventrally with a sclerotised tube, dilated ter of valvae (sometimes the fold on right distally, upon which lies the ostium; dor- valva is very narrow (fig. 157a)), is a clear sally with a sclerotised triangular body difference from I. romanica without this haired apically. Apophyses anteriores hyaline fold. rather short with furcate posterior parts, Distribution. Hitherto known only arms dorsally united. Apophyses posteri- from Greece (Olympos Mts). ores long. Anal papillae haired.” Bionomics. Laval host unknown. Variation. No variation was found Adults were collected in July. because of the few studied specimens. Similar species. Differences from I. olympica see above. The shape of the 158 Infurcitinea romanica Capuşe, 1966 valvae and the shape of the anellus- phallus-complex looks somewhat differ- Infurcitinea romanica Capuşe, 1966: 117, ent in comparison with the figures 37–38 figs 34, 37–40. in the original description. 144 chapter 3

Distribution. Hitherto known only ­costal arm, below the costal edge at 2/3 a from Romania (type locality) and from straight strongly sclerotised tooth with Bulgaria (unpublished record). pointed tip, ventral edge in the first half new record. 1♂, Bulgaria, Pirin moun- folded; the left valva in basal half more or tains, Banderitsa valley, 1850-1950m, 22.-24. less round, the apical half is a narrow vii.2013, leg. et coll. Theimer. upward-directed costal arm with rounded tip, basally with a strongly sclerotised tooth, Bionomics. Larval host unknown. longer than tooth on right valva, ventral Adults of the type series were collected at edge folded; phallus as long as valva, base the end of July in the Topolnita cave at bulbous, abruptly narrowed to truncate Ciresu. tip, with some minute teeth; anellus fused Remarks. As I have not had the possi- with phallus, one part thin, bristled, arising bility to study females, the description apically from phallus base, as long as the given here is the original description narrow part of phallus, the second part (Capuşe, 1966: 117, figs 39–40). more than twice length of phallus, first half narrow, apical half thin, with pointed tip. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- 159 Infurcitinea ochridella Petersen, 1962 sis unforked; distal edge of segment VIII medially with broad sinus, laterally with Infurcitinea ochridella Petersen, 1962b: 215, slit-like incision, the entire basal sternal fig. 10. edge with narrow strong sclerotisation, inside the sternal plate a half-moon- Description. Wingspan 7–9 mm. Head shaped sclerotisation; ostium cup-shaped, brush white. Labial palp inside white, out- strongly sclerotised. side light brown, second segment ­apically Variation. In male genitalia the size bristled. Antenna dark grey, scape with pec- and the shape of the teeth on valvae are ten. Thorax and tegula white, thorax in the somewhat variable (figs 159a-159b); in female middle and tegula basally overlaid with dark genitalia the shape of sternite VIII varies brown scales. Forewing white, with a dark depending upon preparation (fig. 159a). brown pattern of fasciae and patches: a Similar species. Superficially distin- ­triangular patch at base on costa, slightly guishable from I. parnassiella by the dark connected with a spot on dorsum, at 1/2 a brown pattern on the white forewing. ­fascia from costa nearly to dorsum, extended Clear differences are seen in the male in cell to more or less connect with another genitalia: valva clearly different in shape, fascia from costa at 2/3 to beginning of fringe; with a long thin sclerotised tooth inside fringe creamy, along termen basally with a the costal arm, phallus with minute teeth. row of brown scales. Hindwing white. Female genitalia similar to I. taurus, for Male genitalia. Uncus prolonged, differences see under that species. edges incurved; vinculum narrow, with Distribution. Macedonia; Greece. two exceptionally long narrow processes; Bionomics. Larval host unknown. valvae as long as the lateral processes; the Adults have been collected between June right valva tapered from base to tip of and September. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 145

Remarks. In the past I published some Variation. No variation was found misinterpretations concerning the females because of the few studied specimens. of this species. Baldizzone (1983, pl. III, Similar species. Similar to I. fig. 11) was the first to illustrate the correct ochridella, for differences see above. female genitalia of I. ochridella. In my paper Distribution. Greece. from 1987 (figs 7–8) the female genitalia of I. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. taurus were erroneously illustrated under Adults were collected in July and August. the name of I. ochridella. This mistake was corrected later (Gaedike, 1992, p. 86). 161 Infurcitinea finalis Gozmány, 1959

160 Infurcitinea parnassiella Gaedike, Infurcitinea finalis Gozmány, 1959: 317, 1987 fig. 1.

Infurcitinea parnassiella Gaedike, 1987: Description. Wingspan 9–11 mm. Head 156, figs 15–18. brush creamy, on the neck more yellowish, above palps dark brown, sometimes nearly Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head completely white. Labial palp inside nearly brush white. Labial palp white, outside a white, outside darker, second segment little darker, second segment bristled. bristled. Antenna ringed, scape whitish, Antenna white, scape with pecten. with pecten. Thorax and tegula completely Forewing white, with scattered grey-brown overlaid with dark brown scales, only scales, without clear pattern, costa at base tegula apically paler. Forewing dark brown, grey-brown, last quarter with some dark with pattern of creamy spots, on costa at dots. Hindwing white. 1/4, 1/2 and before apex and on dorsum Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, two spots, obliquely opposite the first and edges incurved; vinculum narrow, the lat- second spots on costa, an additional spot eral processes very long, hook-shaped; val- at base on dorsum; fringe overlaid with vae tapered to rounded tip, basally at ven- numerous dark scales. Hindwing dark tral edge folded, costal edge before apex grey. with two strongly sclerotised teeth, one of Male genitalia. Uncus truncate, lat- them twice as long as the other, the shape erally incurved, basally more strongly differs between right and left valva; phal- sclerotised, together with tegumen and lus S-shaped, basal half bulbous, apical the proximal edge of vinculum, the lateral half thin, with pointed tip; two anellus finger-like processes very long; valvae with parts directly fused with phallus: at base a compact hook-like apodemes, costal arm bristled, and at 1/2 of length an unbristled arises at 1/4, basally narrow, apically ovally finger-like process, another part of anellus enlarged; inner side of valva at base of cos- fused basally with phallus and much lon- tal arm with a strongly sclerotised struc- ger than it, basally broad, last two thirds ture: on right valva two teeth of different thin, with pointed tip. length, on left valva one longer tooth, Female genitalia. Unknown. sometimes apically forked; phallus from 146 chapter 3 bulbous base, lightly curved, narrow, subapi- pheromones is given by El-Sayed (2012). cally with two minute teeth; anellus longer Larval host unknown. Adults have been than phallus, divided into two long arms: collected between June and August. one arm bent, tip rounded with numerous strongly sclerotised thick bristles, the other arm leaf-like, longitudinally folded, near Species-group: argentimaculella apex with strongly sclerotised teeth. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- The three species of this group are charac- sis short; sternite of segment VIII apically terised superficially by having a white or rounded, strongly sclerotised; ostium on silver shining pattern on dark brown fore- the end of a C-shaped pipe-like prolonga- wing; male genitalia with valva having a tion, from centre of the sternite, with more deep medial incision nearly to base; female strongly sclerotised longitudinal wrinkles genitalia with a long ventral prolongation and edges. of segment VIII. Variation. Sometimes on forewing the spots on costa and dorsum nearly con- nected, forming stripes, but covered with a 162 Infurcitinea argentimaculella lot of single dark scales (fig. 161b). In male (Stainton, 1849) genitalia the size and the shape of the sclerotised structures inside the valvae vary Tinea argentimaculella Stainton, 1849: 6. (figs 161a–161c) and size and shape of the teeth of anellus are different (figs 161d–161f). Description. Wingspan 7–9 mm. Head Similar species. Superficially distin- brush from neck to insertion of antennae guishable from the two previous species dark-grey, other parts creamy. Labial palp by dark brown forewing with creamy inside white, outside darker, second seg- spots. Clear differences are seen in the ment apically bristled. Antenna dark grey, male genitalia: valva with ovally rounded underside white. Thorax and tegula deep costal arm, inside with a strongly sclero- brown. Forewing deep brown, with charac- tised structure, different in the size and teristic pattern of silver-shining thin stripes shape on right and on left valva and anel- and dots: first stripe at 1/4 from costa lus, divided into two long arms of variable obliquely to dorsum, almost interrupted size and shape, with bristles and sclero- under the cell, second stripe after 1/2 from tised teeth. costa to cell, one minute dot at 3/4 on costa, Distribution. Spain through France before apex on costa a larger dot, two min- and Italy to the Balkan Peninsula, ute dots below apex, a short stripe on dor- (Slovenia, Greece, Bulgaria), Central sum at the beginning of fringe, opposite the Europe (Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, second costal stripe; a minute dot after end Czech Republic, Slovakia), European part of cell; fringe apically white. Hindwing grey. of Russia (Anikin et al., 2000; Sachkov Male genitalia. Uncus long, narrow, et al., 1996). basally with more strongly sclerotised Bionomics. A compilation of the pub- edge; vinculum band-shaped, ventrally lished results concerning attraction by excavated, the finger-like lateral processes Systematic treatment of the genera and species 147 narrow, directed outwards; valvae long, a long silken tube covered with lichen frag- asymmetrical: right valva shorter than the ments [Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. and L. left valva, ventral part in the first third aeruginosa (F. H. Wigg.) Sm.] spun amongst folded, the apical two-thirds directed the foodplant, usually in shady situations upward, much narrower with thin apex, on walls or rocks, sometimes on tree- costal part more or less parallel-sided, trunks. Tubes containing larvae may be apex rounded, hooked upward; left valva seen on the surface of lichen from April to longer, ventral part in first half nearly June, small larvae probably feeding through square, ventrally folded, second half the winter below the surface. The larva shaped as in right valva, straight (not pupates in the tube”. The larva disappears upward-directed), costal part folded along into its silken tube at the slightest distur- nearly the entire ventral edge, costal edge bance. Adults are active during day-time. concave, edge more strongly sclerotised, apically hook-like bent down, rounded; phallus basally bulbous, narrow, rod- 163 Infurcitinea monteiroi Amsel, 1957 shaped; anellus twice as long as phallus, more than twice as broad, longitudinally Infurcitinea monteiroi Amsel, 1957: 30, fig. 1. folded, apical quarter bent. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Description. Wingspan 10 mm. Head ses forked, ventral branches fused as wave- brush in anterior half grey, posterior half like strip, medially connected with a long paler. Labial palp inside white, outside parallel-sided prolongation, truncate, with darker, second segment bristled. Antenna rounded, bristled tips, ostium situated at grey. Thorax and tegula brown, shining. its apex; segment VIII basally with strong Forewing shining brown, with a pattern of sclerotised edge. white stripes from costa to dorsum: first Variation. The studied specimens stripe at 1/4, C-shaped, second stripe at 1/2, show no variation. a little oblique, third stripe after 3/4, a Similar species. The asymmetric val- minute dot on apex; fringe white around vae in male genitalia, the narrow ventral apex. Hindwing light brown. prolongation and the strongly sclerotised Male genitalia. Uncus broad, trun- basal edge of segment VIII in females eas- cate, laterally with pointed tips; vinculum ily distinguish the species from the other medially narrowest, the finger-like pro- species of this group. cesses truncate; valva nearly as long as Distribution. Almost all Europe (no uncus-vinculum, ventral part from more records from Balkan Peninsula including or less oval base tapered to thin pointed Bulgaria and Romania). tip, costal part mainly parallel-sided, api- Bionomics. Larva feeds on Lepraria cally with finger-like projection, directed incana (L.) Ach., L. aeruginosa (F. H. Wigg.) upward, inside with hyaline fold, along Sm., Pulveraria spec. (Bettag & Bastian, ventral edge of apical half a fold with 1996; Rammert, 1989). Pelham-Clinton strongly sclerotised edge, on inside, below (1985) described in detail the life history of apodeme, a bristled oval process; a short larvae, found in Great Britain: “… It feeds in thin process in the incision between costal 148 chapter 3 and ventral part; phallus fused with anel- insertion of antennae dark grey, other parts lus, nearly as long as valva, from bulbous lighter. Labial palp creamy, second segment base tapered to thin tip; anellus much lon- apically bristled. Antenna on upper surface ger than phallus, as broad as base of phal- grey, on underside ringed. Thorax and lus, with numerous longitudinal sclero- tegula brown, shining, tegula apically white. tised wrinkles, with pointed tip. Forewing brown, shining, with a pattern of Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- white stripes and dots: first stripe at 1/4 on ses short, forked, ventral branches fused as costa, oblique to dorsum, second stripe at narrow strip, medially connected with a 1/2 from costa to cell, third hook-shaped long, broad, nearly parallel-sided prolon- stripe at 3/4 on costa to middle of wing; gation, slightly narrower at base than at between the second and third stripe one, apex, ending in two rounded, bristled and between third stripe and apex two lobes with ostium between them; dorsal short stripes; at beginning of fringe, oppo- branches ending in tergite with strongly site the second stripe, a dot, between it and sclerotised basal edge. the stripe another minute dot, two more Variation. The studied specimens, all minute dots below apex and at the end of from the type locality, show no variation. cell. Hindwing grey, from base to 1/2 white. Similar species. Similar to the fol- Male genitalia. Uncus apically lowing species, but in male genitalia the rounded, tegumen on inside with short pro- truncate uncus with pointed tips, the valva cesses (connection to valvae), below uncus a with a bristled short oval process and the nearly triangular sclerite (subscaphium?); vin- upward-directed finger-like projection on culum with short lateral processes; valva as costal arm (instead of the large oval pro- long as uncus-tegumen-vinculum, ventral cess and the beak-like apex in I. karsholti) part in the first half more or less square, ven- and in females the broad ventral prolonga- tral edge folded, distal half thin, with slight tion of segment VIII (instead of the long swelling beyond base, tip pointed; costal part narrow prolongation with two rounded parallel-sided, the costal edge concave, tips in I. karsholti) are clear differences. strongly sclerotised, apex beak-like, ventral Distribution. Only known from the edge convex, inside of apical half a strongly type locality in Portugal: Avale: Singeverga. sclerotised ridge; inside, from basal edge to 1/3 Bionomics. Larval host unknown. The of length, an oval process, bristled subapically; adults of the type series were collected on phallus fused with anellus, as long as valva, 15th May and 2nd June. base bulbous, last half narrow, obliquely trun- cate; anellus much longer than phallus, lan- ceolate, longitudinally folded, with strongly 164 Infurcitinea karsholti Gaedike, 1992 sclerotised edges and with pointed tip. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Infurcitinea karsholti Gaedike, 1992: 87, ses forked, ventral branches not fused; figs 24–26. sternite VIII more strongly sclerotised than the other segments, distal edge waved, the Description. Wingspan 10 mm. Head distal third of sternite separated by brush from the neck and laterally below the strongly sclerotised line; medially with a Systematic treatment of the genera and species 149 long narrow prolongation, left edge Male genitalia. Uncus covered by straight, right edge with subapical bulge, numerous minute thorns, truncate; tegu- apex forked, tips rounded and bristled. men and vinculum forming a complex Variation. No variation is observed. structure, vinculum medially with a saccus- The species is only known from the type like process; valva as long as uncus-tegu- series. men-vinculum, broad, costal edge straight, Similar species. Differences from I. strongly sclerotised, basally with two thin, monteiroi see above. apically bristled processes, ventral edge in Distribution. Only known from the the basal half convex, apex truncate, with type locality in Greece: Peloponnese. rounded angles; phallus minute, anellus Bionomics. Early stages unknown. with two thin processes, ending in a nearly Adults were flying during day among rocks square structure, fused with phallus. in May and June. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- ses not forked, ending in a band-shaped sclerotisation; ostium surrounded by cir- Species-group: toechophila cular sclerotisations. Variation. The studied specimens The following species is characterised by show no variation. the shape of male genitalia (see description Similar species. The structure of the below), which is quite different from the male genitalia is quite different from the other members of this genus. Similarities characteristic structure of genus Infurcitinea. are seen only with Infurcitinea maura The existence of a saccus is unique in this Petersen, 1962, distributed in North Africa. genus and the shape of anellus is unusual. More detailed studies are needed to under- stand the relationships of this species. 165 Infurcitinea toechophila Distribution. Canary Islands – (Walsingham, 1908) Tenerife. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Tinea toechophila Walsingham, 1908: 1022. Eaton (cited by Walsingham in the original description) found the species common Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head on a wall, partly overgrown with lichens brush creamy. Labial palp inside creamy, (at La Laguna), and common amongst outside darker, second segment apically lichen-covered trees (at Las Mercedes). bristled. Antenna ringed, scape whitish, Adults of the type series were collected with pecten. Thorax and tegula brown. between the end of February and June. Forewing brown with pattern of white stripes and spots: first stripe at base from costa to dorsum, second stripe at 1/4 from Lichenotinea Petersen, 1957 costa to dorsum; spots on costa at 1/2 and 3/4, a triangular spot on dorsum at begin- Lichenotinea Petersen, 1957b: 371. ning of fringe; fringe before and below Type species: Tinea pustulatella Zeller, apex white. Hindwing grey. 1852. 150 chapter 3

The genus was erected based on the gen- into a costal and a ventral arm, the ventral italia structure, which is different from the arm somewhat different between right preceding genus. Males: uncus narrow, with and left valva: costal arm longer and nar- a “scaffolding” of strongly sclerotised rods, rower than ventral arm, apically club- tegumen prolonged as reverse U-shaped shaped, bristled; ventral arm more or less sclerotisation over uncus; anellus and phal- parallel-sided, on inner side, before apex, lus are difficult to recognise. Females: ante- with a variably shaped bristled area, dorsal rior apophyses connected at proximal ends edge more or less straight, ventral edge in a V-shape; segment VIII with characteris- often undulate. tic structure; oviscapt very short. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Only one species is known. ses V-shaped, posterior apophyses con- nected to form a bridge; segment VIII on apical edge with three lobes, the middle 166 Lichenotinea pustulatella (Zeller, one longest, with the ostium at its apex; 1852) segment VII sclerotised, basal edge more strongly sclerotised, apical edge with deep Tinea pustulatella Zeller, 1852: 174. medial division. Tinea ­pustulatella igaloensis Amsel, 1951: 416 Variation. Sometimes the yellowish Lichenotinea maculata Petersen, 1957b: pattern is not so clearly visible, the yellow- 373, fig. 194, syn. n. ish patches partly overlaid with darker scales. In male genitalia the shape of val- Description. Wingspan 7–9 mm. Head vae variable (figs 166a–166m). brush yellowish, laterally with brown Similar species. The pattern of fore- scales. Labial palp creamy, second seg- wings and the genitalia structure are quite ment apically bristled. Antenna dark grey, different from other genera of Meessiinae. underside of scape white, with pecten, Distribution. Spain, France, Italy, segments of flagellum rhomboid. Thorax from Balkan Peninsula to Romania, in and tegula in basal half dark brown, apical Central Europe from Austria to Germany half yellowish. Forewing dark brown with and Belgium; outside Europe recorded pattern of yellowish patches: patches on from Turkey. costa after 1/2 and before apex, patches on Bionomics. Larva feeds on lichens on dorsum at 1/3 and opposite the first costal stones (Schütze, 1931; Rammert, 1989). patch; fringe covered with dark brown Adults have been collected between May scales, apically whitish. Hindwing grey. and July. Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, Remarks. The examination of a large narrow, laterally with strongly sclerotised number of specimens shows that the rods, which are basally connected; tegu- shape of valva in male genitalia, which men with characteristic sclerotisation was indicated as the specific difference (like an upturned “U”); very complex struc- between L. pustulatella and L. maculata, tures lie inside the tegumen-vinculum, varies. There is no gap visible between the phallus and anellus not clearly identifi- shape “pustulatella” and the shape “macu- able; valva from 1/3 longitudinally divided lata” (figs 166a–166m). For this reason the Systematic treatment of the genera and species 151 taxon Lichenotinea maculata Petersen, tegumen narrow, band-shaped; vinculum 1957 is established as a new synonym of L. with triangular saccus with rounded tip; pustulatella (Zeller, 1852). valva basally rounded, costal arm nar- rower, with bristled rounded tip, ventral edge at 1/2 with a long hook-shaped Ischnoscia Meyrick, 1895 ­process; phallus as long as valva, parallel- sided, with a strongly sclerotised tooth Ischnoscia Meyrick, 1895: 783. subapically and another nearly at apex. Type species: Tinea subtilella Fuchs, 1879. Fig. 167a shows the uncus-tegumen-­ Guenea Millière, 1874: 245, nec Bruand, vinculum complex in ventro-dorsal view. 1850 (homonym). Female genitalia. Oviscapt with Type species: Guenea borreonella very short apophyses, anterior apophyses Millière, 1874. not visible; area around ostium with a The structure of the genitalia is charac- broad ring-shaped sclerotisation, ductus teristic for this genus: in male genitalia bursae funnel-shaped, enlarged, strongly uncus is reduced to two finger-like pro- sclerotised. cesses, in female genitalia the anterior Variation. The studied specimens apophyses are absent. The antennae of show no variation. males are thicker than antennae of Similar species. Superficially (no females, similar to some other genera of pattern on forewings) and in the structure Meessiinae. of the female genitalia (invisible anterior Known only from the type species. apophyses) similar to the members of the genus Novotinea, but the structure of male genitalia (valva with long costal arm, ven- 167 Ischnoscia borreonella (Millière, trally with hook-shaped process) is unique. 1874) Distribution. Spain, France, Croatia (Gaedike & Baldizzone, 2008), Romania Guenea borreonella Millière, 1874: (Capuşe, 1968; Rákosy et al., 2003), Great 245. Britain (Agassiz, 2006), Germany, Tinea subtilella Fuchs, 1879: 341. Switzerland, Czech Republic (Novák & Guenea pandorella Millière, 1881: 16. Liška, 1997). Bionomics. Larva on lichens on stones Description. Wingspan 5–6 mm. Head (Rammert, 1989). Adults have been col- brush pale yellowish. Labial palp light lected between July and September. yellowish brown, second segment apically with bristle. Antenna as long as forewing, shining light yellowish brown. Thorax and Novotinea Amsel, 1939 tegula and forewing shining pale yellowish, forewing without any pattern, only at apex a Novotinea Amsel, 1939: 82 [In: Hartig & lot of darker scales. Hindwing shining white. Amsel, 1939]. Male genitalia. Uncus reduced to Type species: Tinea muricolella Fuchs, two narrow bristled finger-like processes; 1879. 152 chapter 3

Description. Small species with narrow on sternite VIII the area around ostium wings, antenna as long as wing, male and around first part of ductus with antenna thicker than antenna of female; numerous minute round sclerotisations; forewing with open cell; uncus in the male distal to segment VIII a band-shaped genitalia mostly with two long socii, female sclerotisation. genitalia without anterior apophyses. Variation. The studied specimens Five species are known, all occur in show no variation. Europe. Similar species. Superficially differ- ent from N. liguriella in having creamy forewing with a pattern of brown patches 168 Novotinea muricolella (Fuchs, 1879) and two oblique stripes (instead of the large brown patch from costa to termen). Tinea muricolella Fuchs, 1879: 340. Clear differences are visible in the genita- lia structures: in males nearly triangular Description. Wingspan 6–7 mm. Head socii (instead of thorned rounded socii), brush pale yellowish. Labial palp and rounded saccus (instead of triangular sac- antenna with same colouration. Thorax cus), parallel-sided valva (instead of and tegula light brown. Forewing creamy, basally broad valva with truncated costal with pattern of brown patches and oblique edge at 1/2 with sclerotised thorns), ­phallus stripes: first stripe at base, from costa to subapically with sclerotised thorn (instead dorsum, second stripe before 1/2 from of apically straight pointed prolongation), costa to dorsum, both stripes sometimes in females ostium calyx-shaped, enlarged interrupted medially, the edges of stripes ductus bursae, the band-shaped scleroti- indistinct, in the last quarter, before light sation on segment VIII in females. apex, a large patch from costa to termen; Distribution. Iberian Peninsula, fringe grey-brown. Hindwing light grey. France, Germany (type locality). Male genitalia. The two socii nearly Bionomics. Larvae in cases among triangular, with pointed tip; vinculum with lichens on walls (Zagulajev, 1979). Adults large, apically rounded saccus, basal and have been collected in March in Algarve proximal edges more strongly sclerotised; (Passos de Carvalho & Corley, 1995) and valva as long as uncus, basal edge more from June to September elsewhere. strongly sclerotised, narrow, parallel- sided, with rounded bristled tip, first third of basal edge folded, apodeme with two 169 Novotinea liguriella Amsel, 1950 tips; phallus somewhat longer than valva, narrow, subapically with a strong sclero- Novotinea liguriella Amsel, 1950: 27, tised thorn, vesica with small cornutus. figs 1–2. Female genitalia. Posterior apophy- Bucculatrix apicipunctella Deschka & sis very short; apical edge of segment VIII Huemer, 1997: 54, figs 1–3. strongly sclerotised; ostium calyx-shaped; ductus bursae more strongly sclerotised, a Description. Wingspan 7 mm. Head short section parallel-sided, then swollen; brush brown yellowish, apical half Systematic treatment of the genera and species 153 somewhat paler. Labial palp yellowish, Bionomics. Larval host unknown. second segment apically bristled. Antenna Adults have been collected in August and light brown. Thorax and tegula yellow- September. ish, basally darker. Forewing with same Remarks. The only known female was colouration, in apical quarter a large described and figured by Baldizzone brown patch from costa to termen, (1974a: fig. 2) apex with dark brown dot, separated from the large patch. Hindwing shining light grey. 170 Novotinea klimeschi (Rebel, 1940) Male genitalia. Socii on outer side with some strongly sclerotised thorns; vin- Tinea klimeschi Rebel, 1940: 8. culum with more or less triangular saccus; valva as long as vinculum-saccus, with Description. Wingspan 6–7 mm. Head long apodeme; basal half broad, ventral brush yellowish. Labial palp inside white, edge rounded, costal edge at 1/2 truncate, outside creamy, second segment apically with some strongly sclerotised thorns, last bristled. Antenna yellowish, scape without half narrower to truncate tip, the costal pecten. Thorax and tegula yellowish. edge, depending upon preparation, some- Forewing yellowish with brown pattern: times longitudinally folded (fig. 169a); base on costa, last quarter of wing and phallus nearly twice as long as valva, the apex, one small dot at 1/2 below costa and base circular, basally narrowest, then a larger patch at beginning of fringe. broader, parallel-sided, apically with one Hindwing white. thin pointed prolongation. Male genitalia. Socii long, from Female genitalia. The description is base tapered to pointed tip; saccus trian- based on fig. 2 in Baldizzone (1974a). gular; valva longer than saccus, basally a Anterior apophysis absent; posterior little broader than at rounded tip, basal apophysis short, slightly arched; ostium edge more strongly sclerotised, apical half curved with a constriction in the middle; medially with two rows of sclerotised ductus bursae finely granulated; corpus thorns, sometimes fused into one row in bursae without signa. Area proximal the same specimen; phallus twice as long to ostium with strongly sclerotised as valva, narrow, straight, with pointed tip. trapezoidal structure and another sickle- Female genitalia. Posterior apophy- shaped structure reinforces the bursa. sis very short; ostium calyx-shaped, Variation. The studied specimens together with the main part of ductus bur- show no variation. sae strongly sclerotised, ductus parallel- Similar species. Differences from sided; on sternite VIII an area with round N. muricolella, see above. Superficially sclerotisations below ostium. similar to N. klimeschi, for differences see Variation. The studied specimens below. show no variation. Distribution. France (Deschka & Similar species. Superficially similar Huemer, 1997; Nel, 1999), Italy (Baldizzone, to N. liguriella, but the dot at 1/2 and the 1974b). patch at beginning of fringe distinguish it. 154 chapter 3

Clear differences are seen in the genitalia long as valva, cigar-shaped, with a small structures: in males socii long, with thorn-like cornutus. pointed tip (instead of thorned rounded Female genitalia. Unknown. socii), valva long, parallel-sided, medially Variation. Known only from the type with a row of minute thorns, phallus very series. long and thin; in females the strongly Similar species. The shape of male sclerotised ductus bursae and the calyx- genitalia (very long narrow socii with fin- shaped ostium. ger-like prolongations) distinguish this Distribution. Albania, Croatia, species from the other members of the Greece. genus. Bionomics. Klimesch (1942) collected Distribution. Only known from the adults flying by old stone walls. Larvae type locality in Italy: Sicily: Mistretta probably live on lichens. Adults have been Mercuore. collected between May and September. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Adults of the type series were collected between 1st and 6th July. 171 Novotinea mistrettae Parenti, 1966

Novotinea mistrettae Parenti, 1966: 290, 172 Novotinea carbonifera fig. 1. (Walsingham, 1900)

Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head Ischnoscia carbonifera Walsingham, 1900a: brush light brown, apically somewhat 152. darker. Labial palp outside light brown, Novotinea aritzoella Amsel, 1939: 82, pl. inside whitish. Antenna paler, scape with IV, fig. 3; figs 9–12 [In: Hartig & Amsel, pecten. Forewing on cream ground with 1939]. brown pattern of stripes and patches: a stripe from costa at base obliquely to dor- Description. Wingspan 7–8 mm. Head sum, an oblique stripe from costa at 1/2 to brush light brown yellowish. Labial palp dorsum at beginning of fringe, interrupted yellowish, second segment apically bris- in cell, on wing at 3/4 a larger patch, sepa- tled, third segment darker. Antenna light rated by cream scales from dark apex. grey-brown, first half of flagellum ringed, Hindwing grey. scape without pecten. Thorax and tegula Male genitalia. Uncus with two very brown yellowish, basally darker. Forewing long thin socii with bristled tip, basally yellowish with brown pattern: costa at each with a short narrow finger-shaped base, a stripe before 1/2 from costa to cell, prolongation with one bristle on tip; sac- a broad band at 3/4 from costa to termen, a cus triangular; valva as long as socii, ven- small spot at apex, one dot under cell at 1/4 tral edge straight, costal edge in the first and a larger patch at 1/2 at beginning of half convex, apical half becomes narrower fringe, nearly connected with the stripe to pointed tip, at 1/2 below costal edge a from costa and with the band. Hindwing short finger-like prolongation; phallus as light grey. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 155

Male genitalia. Socii broad, with cream-coloured. Labial palp cream- rounded tip; vinculum with long coloured, outside somewhat darker, sec- triangular saccus, apical edge stronger ond segment apically bristled. Antenna sclerotised; valva as long as saccus, base dark grey, underside whitish, scape with- with strongly sclerotised edge, costal edge out pecten. Thorax and tegula yellowish, at 1/2 with a finger-like process, during basally brown. Forewing dark brown with preparation folded to inside, last half of pattern of light yellowish patches and valva narrower to pointed tip; phallus stripes: first narrow stripe from base to nearly three times length of valva, narrow, dorsum, second broader stripe at 1/3 from apically truncate, with two thin cornuti costa to dorsum, partly overlaid with with bulbous base. darker scales, third broader stripe at 2/3 Female genitalia. Posterior apophy- from costa to dorsum, medially sometimes sis short; proximal edge of segment VIII interrupted into two patches, one patch on slightly excavated at ostium; ductus bursae costa before apex, sometimes divided into as broad as ostium, strongly sclerotised. two patches; fringe at apex light yellowish. Variation. The studied specimens Hindwing grey. show no variation. Male genitalia. Socii narrow, tip Similar species. Superficially distin- rounded, the lateral processes short; inside guishable from the other members of the the uncus a strongly sclerotised plate (sub- genus by having yellowish forewings with scaphium?); tegumen and vinculum band- brown pattern. The shape of male genita- shaped, vinculum a little broader, trun- lia (two short socii with rounded tips, the cate; valva from base to tip more or less extremely long phallus with two cornuti) regularly tapered, costal edge concave, is characteristic for this species. ventral edge convex, last third bristled; Distribution. France: Corsica; Italy: phallus curved, narrow, with pointed tip, Sardinia. connection to valva and vinculum short. Bionomics. Larval host unknown. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Adults were collected between June and sis forked, the ventral branch shorter than September. the long dorsal branch, ending in a more Remarks. The record from Albania strongly sclerotised area; ostium funnel- (Petersen, 1963) belongs to N. klimeschi shaped, hardly visible, only a little more (see Gaedike, 1988). sclerotised than the surrounding area. Variation. The pattern on forewings is sometimes different (see left and right 173 Novotinea albarracinella Petersen, wing on fig. 174). 1967 Similar species. In male genitalia the shape of valva (regularly narrower Novotinea albarracinella Petersen, 1967: from base to apex instead of the long 360, fig. 3. pointed hook on ventral edge) and the clear curved (instead of more or less Description. Wingspan 6–7 mm. Head straight) phallus are characteristic differ- brush laterally dark brown, medially ences from N. andalusiella. 156 chapter 3

Distribution. Spain, France. connection to base of valva straight, Bionomics. Larval host unknown. strongly sclerotised. Adults have been collected in June and Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- July. ses forked, the ventral branches and the Remarks. Domínguez & Baixeras dorsal branches connected by a thin (1995a) described the female genitalia for sclerotised ring; ostium funnel-shaped, the first time. more strongly sclerotised; with two circu- lar sclerotisations close to the apophyses. Variation. Superficially the studied 174 Novotinea andalusiella Petersen, specimens show no variation. The 1964 size of the male genitalia is differ- ent between the studied specimens Novotinea andalusiella Petersen, 1964c: (figs 174a–174b) 408, fig. 8. Similar species. Differences from N. albarracinella see above. Description. Wingspan 8 mm. Head Distribution. Southern Spain. brush brown-grey, basally and laterally Bionomics. Larvae were found on darker, above palp yellowish. Labial palp rocks on “algas clorococales” [= green brown-grey, second segment apically bris- algae] (Domínguez & Baixeras, 1995a). tled. Antenna light brown-grey. Thorax Adults have been collected in May and and tegula brown-grey, apically with July. darker scales. Forewing light cream- Remarks. Domínguez & Baixeras coloured, with a pattern of brown-grey (1995) described female genitalia for the scales: spots at base and apex, stripes from first time. costa to dorsum without clear edges at 1/3 and at 2/3, the other parts of wings over- laid with scattered dark scales. Hindwings Stenoptinea Dietz, 1905 light grey. Male genitalia. Socii narrow, tip Stenoptinea Dietz, 1905: 86. rounded, the lateral processes as long as Type species: Stenoptinea ornatella socii and twice as wide, the sclero- Dietz, 1905. tised plate inside the uncus (sub- Celestica Meyrick, 1917: 79. scaphium?) with semicircular edges; tegu- Type species: Tinea angustipennis men band-shaped, vinculum more or less Herrich-Schäffer, 1854. triangular, rounded; valva as long as uncus- Stenoptinea is a Holarctic genus, with tegumen-vinculum, costal edge straight, two species in North America and one in ventral edge regularly narrower, at 2/3 in the Palaearctic region. Characterised by ending in a solid strongly sclerotised long having narrowed hindwings. The loss of hook with pointed tip, last third of valva gnathos and a very complicated structure narrow, bristled, longitudinally folded, of valva are characteristics in the with rounded tip; phallus as long as valva, male genitalia. slightly curved, with pointed tip, the Larvae are probably lichenivorous. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 157

175 Stenoptinea cyaneimarmorella a sclerotised band, prolonged and (Millière, 1854) connected proximally with the band- shaped plate; signum narrow, in the Argyresthia cyaneimarmorella Millière, middle with strongly sclerotised 1854 (12.VII.): 64. ring, the two ends tapering to Tinea angustipennis Herrich-Schäffer, pointed tips. 1854 (31.XII.): 73. Variation. The studied specimens Tinea angustipennis Staudinger, 1871: show no variation. 288. (homonym and synonym) Similar species. The species is distinguishable from other tineids by its Description. Wingspan 10–12 mm. slender wings, the forewings with tufts of Head brush bicoloured: from neck raised scales, and blackish colouration, and lateral to insertion of antennae mottled with whitish, yellowish, brownish dark brown, other parts yellowish. Labial and orange scales. palp inside whitish, outside dark Distribution. From Canary Islands brown, second segment apically bristled. through Portugal (Corley et al,, 2000), Antenna dark grey, scape with pecten. Spain and France to Poland, Scandinavia Thorax and tegula nearly black. Forewing and north european Russia (Bolshakov deep brown to black, mottled with whit- et al., 2010), northern Italy, Sardinia, ish, yellowish, brownish and orange scales, Balkan Peninsula (unknown from the apical quarter is the palest part; on Albania), outside Europe known from wing, tufts of raised scales medially at 1/2 Lebanon, Algeria, Tunisia and Russia Far and at 2/3; fringe with apical half yellow- East (Primorje). ish, the rest darker. Hindwing shining Bionomics. Larvae on lichens on golden. old fruit-trees and in the wood of Male genitalia. Uncus with strongly these trees (Schütze, 1931). Two of the sclerotised basal edge, distal edge with Madeiran specimens were beaten from deep square excavation, socii narrow, api- leaves of Castanea sativa (Gaedike & cally with a long strongly sclerotised bris- Karsholt, 2001). In Denmark the species tle; vinculum basally broad, more or less was collected by using pheromone for triangular, saccus with pointed tip; valva Nemapogon wolffiella [now: koenigi] compact, consisting of three parts: ventral (Gregersen, pers. comm.). A compilation part oval, bristled, medial part narrow, of the published results concerning more strongly sclerotised, ending in two attraction by pheromones is given by short processes, costal part apically with a El-Sayed (2012) under the name Celestica round bristled process, curved upward; angustipennis. Adults have been collected phallus twice as long as valva, nearly from April to June and from August to straight, narrow, truncate, with thin min- October. ute cornuti in the vesica. Remarks. The synonymy of Tinea Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- angustipennis Staudinger with Tinea ses forked, ventral branches end in a angustipennis Herrich-Schäffer was dis- band-shaped plate; ostium edged by cussed by Gaedike (2007). 158 chapter 3

Karsholtia Gaedike, 1986 ventrally; valva with broad ventral part, costal arm sickle-shaped, tapering to tip Karsholtia Gaedike, 1986b: 76. with strongly sclerotised short thorns, at Type species: Tinea marianii Rebel, 1936. base of costal edge a finger-like process, folded inwards, last third creased, hook- Description. The presence of a saccus in like; phallus basally bulbous, apical half male genitalia was the main reason to sep- thin, strongly sclerotised; anellus structure arate marianii from the genus Infurcitinea, complicated, basally with two rod-like in which it was placed previously. Another sclerotisations, proximally broadly ring- apomorphy is the V-shaped sclerotisation shaped; segment VIII ventrally with a of the ventral segment VIII. The biology of V-shaped sclerotisation. For various views the larvae is not clear, they are fungivorous of the genitalia structure see Gaedike or lichenivorous. (1986a). Remarks. The validity of this genus Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- was discussed in detail in the original sis unforked; ostium square, edges description. incurved and bristled, hardly visible; basal and distal edges of segment VIII more strongly sclerotised. 176 (Rebel, 1936) Variation. Some specimens with nearly complete dark brown streak along Tinea marianii Rebel, 1936: 23. entire costa (fig. 176b). Tinea lunatella Benander, 1939: 119. Similar species. The contrasting golden brown forewing with dark brown Description. Wingspan 10–12 mm. Head pattern is characteristic for this species. brush light yellow, above palps dark The possession of saccus in male genitalia brown. Labial palp outside dark brown, is the separating structure from members inside whitish, second segment apically of the genus Infurcitinea. bristled. Antenna dark brown, underside Distribution. Scandinavia (Norway, of scape whitish, without pecten. Thorax Sweden, Denmark), Luxembourg, and tegula golden brown, tegula basally Germany, Austria (Huemer, 1998), Bulgaria dark brown. Forewing rich in contrast, (Savenkovs, pers. comm.), France (Hansen, golden brown with dark brown pattern: a 2002; Lemoine et al., 2011) and Italy: Sicily - streak along costa from base to 1/2, a larger type locality. patch at 2/3 on costa, a hook before apex, Bionomics. Larvae have been surrounding a pale yellow dot at apex, an found under the bark of an old branch of oblique wedge-shaped patch at 1/3 on Corylus avellana in a silvery white web dorsum, and a line along termen; fringe (Vilhelmsen, 2002) and from decaying trunks with thin dark scale-line medially. of Carpinus betulus (Huemer, 1998). Adults Hindwing dark grey. have been collected from May to August. Male genitalia. Uncus long, paral- Remarks. The distribution of this spe- lel-sided, covered with numerous minute cies is probably wider than the records thorns; vinculum with saccus, directed suggest. Systematic treatment of the genera and species 159

Agnathosia Amsel, 1954 Antenna grey-brown, scape with pecten. Thorax medially golden brown, laterally, Agnathosia Amsel, 1954: 8. together with tegula, dark brown. Type species: Agnathosia austriacella Forewing dark brown with a golden Amsel, 1954. brown and pale yellowish pattern: a pale yellowish patch after 1/2 on costa, a Description. The details of venation smaller patch before apex, and a patch at (see Amsel, 1954) and the structure of the beginning of fringe, opposite the large male genitalia (absence of gnathos, valva costal patch; a streak from base to dorsal with narrow slit) are characteristic. patch is golden brown; fringe dark brown, Robinson (2009) wrote: “Agnathosia … apical half light yellowish. Hindwing does not fit well in the Meessiinae, but its grey-brown. taxonomic position and closest relatives Male genitalia. Uncus triangular, are by no means clear.” rounded apically; vinculum triangular, sac- Distribution. Four Palaearctic and cus very long, as long as uncus-vinculum; one Afrotropical species are known. In valva more or less parallel-sided in the basal Europe the genus is represented by two half, then narrower, last quarter with medial species. slit, costal part with rounded bristled tip, Bionomics. The larvae are fungivo- ventral part with pointed tip, apodemes rous, according to records for the two connected by U-shaped sclerotised anellus; European species, for details see the fol- phallus as long as saccus, narrow, vesica lowing species. with numerous minute cornuti. Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- sis forked; ostium not visible; signum tri- 177 Agnathosia mendicella (Denis & angular, with pointed angles, medially Schiffermüller, 1775) with strongly sclerotised keel. Variation. The shape of signum var- Tinea mendicella Denis & Schiffermüller, ies, depending upon preparation (see 1775: 137. Jonasson, 1977: figs 7–8). Tinea mendicella Hübner, 1796: Fig. 179. Similar species. Superficially similar (homonym and synonym). to A. sandoeensis, but the pattern of fore- Tinea propulsatella Rebel, 1893: 527. wings (yellowish patches and a streak from Tinea flavimaculella Toll, 1942: 171, pl. base to costal patch, instead of the median XIII: fig. 9. streak from base nearly to 1/2 of the length) Agnathosia austriacella Amsel, 1954: 9, distinguish it. Clear differences are visible pl. 1: figs 5–6. also in the genitalia structures: long thin saccus instead of the broad saccus in males Description. Wingspan 9–14 mm. Head and the triangular instead of rod-shaped brush pale yellowish, laterally and above signum in females. palps darker. Labial palp outside brown, Distribution. All central Europe, inside a little paler, second segment bris- westwards to France (Leraut, 1980), south- tled, third segment with paler tip. wards to Italy, northwards to Scandinavia, 160 chapter 3 eastwards to European part of Russia, out- quarter with medial slit, costal part above side Europe known from Georgia and China. slit bristled, tip somewhat rounded, ventral Bionomics. Larva were found in part below slit broader than costal part, Antrodia serialis (Fr.: Fr.) Donk, Laetiporus with two tips, ventral edge from base to 3/4 sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill, Formitopsis infolded; apodeme thin, hook-like; anellus pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) P. Karst., F. rosea (Alb. & U-shaped, sclerotised; phallus somewhat Schwein.) P. Karst., Daedalea quercina (L.: longer than valva, straight, widened basally Fr.) Pers., (records from studied material as and at tip, with numerous minute cornuti. well as Jaworski et al., 2012; Komonen, 2001; Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Komonen et al., 2001; Vetter, 1999). Detailed sis forked; ostium in a shallow broad information about morphology of pupa, depression on posterior edge of segment phenology and parasites was given by VIII; first part of ductus bursae striate; Vetter (1999). Adults have been collected signum rod-shaped, apically forked. from June to August. Variation. The shape of signum varies, depending upon preparation (Jonasson, 1977: figs 5–6). 178 Agnathosia sandoeensis Jonasson, Similar species. Differences from A. 1977 mendicella see above. Distribution. Sweden: Gotska Agnathosia sandoeensis Jonasson, 1977: 49, Sandön, Latvia (Šulcs, 1979) and Austria figs 1, 3, 5–6. (Wieser & Zeller-Lukashort, 2013: Carinthia, Description. Wingspan 12–15 mm. Schütt-Buchriegel). Head brush pale yellowish to ochreous, Bionomics. Jonasson (1977) found the laterally somewhat darker. Labial palp out- larvae and pupae in the fungus Poria xan- side brown, inside pale yellowish, second tha (Fr.) Cooke – listed by Bengtsson segment apically bristled, third segment (2008) as Antrodia xantha (Fr.: Fr.) with pale tip. Antenna grey-brown, scape Ryvarden). The pupa was described and on under side paler, with pecten. Thorax illustrated by Jonasson (1977). Adults and tegula dark brown, middle of thorax have been reared in July and August and edges of tegula yellow. Forewing dark (Sweden). brown with pale yellow pattern: a median streak from base nearly to 1/2 of the length, In 2011 during the work on this book Mr. Jörg a patch at 2/3 on costa, a dot before apex Schaller/Potsdam sent me some specimens and two minute dots between it and costa, of a tineid, unknown to me. My colleague and a patch at beginning of fringe, nearly Don Davis (Washington) informed me connected with streak, overlaid with that they belong to the West Indian numerous dark scales. Hindwing grey. Xystrologa grenadella (Walsingham, 1897). Male genitalia. Uncus rounded; vin- The results of this determination are culum with long saccus, basally stout, then included in the 2012 published paper about narrower, but slightly broader towards the review of the West Indian species of rounded tip; valva as long as saccus, the the genus Xystrologa Meyrick, 1919 (Davis first 3/4 more or less parallel-sided, last et al., 2012). Systematic treatment of the genera and species 161

Xystrologa Meyrick 1919 produced as a stout to slender process which frequently curves toward costal margin of Xystrologa Meyrick 1919: 271. apex where it may be partially enclosed by Type species: Xystrologa invidiosa cucullar lobe; anellus a short to elongate, Meyrick, 1919. stout, strongly curved, arm-like connection Achanodes Meyrick, 1922: 592. firmly attached to phallus; phallus a rela- Type species: Achanodes sympathetica tively straight to usually strongly curved, Meyrick, 1922. moderately slender cylinder; distal surface Syrrhoaula Meyrick, 1932a: 207. of shaft either smooth or with numerous, Type species: Syrrhoaula lactirivis minute, broad spines; length; 0.5 to approxi- Meyrick, 1932. mately equal that of genital capsule; cornuti either absent or with a single long spine Description. Small moths with wing- extending half the length of phallus. span from 10–12 mm. Head brush rough. Female genitalia. Oviscapt rela- Labial palp with erect bristles on second tively short, telescoping; posterior apophy- segment. Antenna about 0.6 length of sis 1.2–1.7 length of anterior pair; anterior forewing, scape with pecten. Forewing apophysis moderately short and slender; slender, venation moderately well pre- ventral pseudapophysis absent; ostium served with most veins distinct. Hindwing bursae a partially to completely sclerotised with an elongate, dorsal, androconial fold ring located near middle to caudal region often present in either discal or cubital of sternum VIII; ductus bursae from 0.4 to area; fold containing a dense concentra- 1.2 length of anterior apophysis, with par- tion of small, oval androconial scales; asso- tially to almost entirely sclerotised, usually ciated with but external to androconial cylindrical walls; walls often densely lined fold is an elongate hair pencil which arises with minute, circular to irregularly broad, from a small circular area at extreme base plate-like pectinations often forming a of anal area and extends to 2/3 the length reticulate pattern; corpus bursae relatively of hindwing along dorsal margin (Davis et large, from 1.0–1.5 length of posterior al. 2012: fig. 18). apophysis, often circular in form, membra- Male genitalia. Uncus with a pair of nous, with a pair of often prominent, widely separated, short to elongate, slen- highly variably spined signa. der, setose lobes; tegumen a narrow dorsal Distribution. Predominantly Neo­ ring; vinculum well developed as a broad, tropical, some taxa are known from the U-shaped sclerite; gnathos absent; valva southern parts of USA, recently introduced usually broad for most of length, either in Europe (Germany (indoors); France tapering gradually or abruptly to complex (Nel & Varenne, 2011)). apex; costa of valva usually extended Remarks. The systematic position of mesally to connect via membrane to the genus and the subfamily association ­opposite member to form a partial arch are still unknown (Robinson, 2009). Davis (transtilla) between bases of valvae; cucul- et al. (2012) write concerning this lus often highly modified as a broadly fact: “Preliminary, unpublished molecular rounded apical lobe; sacculus usually sequence data from the Lepidoptera Tree 162 chapter 3 of Life project (Leptree Consortium) sug- plate; ductus bursae completely covered gests affinities supported by relatively high by plate-like sclerotisations; corpus bursae bootstrap values (81) to the genus with a pair of symmetrical, spinose signa, Hybroma Clemens, another predomi- each consisting of a faint, elongate, mostly nantly Neotropical genus of seven species. transverse bar with 3 widely separated Hybroma has been placed tentatively slender spines. within Meessiinae …” Variation. In the European speci- The characterisation of the genus fol- mens forewing with paler brown colour­ lows the very detailed description in Davis ation on dorsum from base to beginning of et al. (2012). fringe. The figures 1c, 1d in the paper of Nel & Varenne (2011) show some darker brown dots in the middle of forewings and scat- 179 Xystrologa grenadella tered darker brown scales on last quarter (Walsingham, 1897) of forewings as in fig. 179a. Similar species. In the structures of Setomorpha grenadella Walsingham, 1897: the genitalia distinct from the other mem- 168. bers of the Meessiinae in the Palaearctic Achanodes antipathetica Forbes, 1931: region. 384. Distribution. Originated from West Novotinea ochripennella Nel & Varenne, India (Grenada), recently known from 2011: 17; syn. n. other West Indian countries, from the USA (Florida), and from the Palaearctic region Description. See description of the (introduced to greenhouses in Germany: genus. Potsdam) and France: Alpes Maritimes Male genitalia. Uncus with two (Nel & Varenne) 2011), Corsica (Varenne, slender lobes, bristled laterally; vincu- pers. comm.). lum more or less triangular; valva nearly as Bionomics. According to Davis et al. long as uncus-vinculum complex, (2012) larvae in southern Florida feed on apodeme sickle-shaped, with two pointed bark mulch used as a potting media in tips, corpus valvae more or less square, nurseries, as well as on the roots of orchids costa apically with bristled broad lobus, (Phalaenopsis spp.) within containers at apically hook-shaped; ventrally a hook- these nurseries. Adults have also been shaped lobe, apically strongly sclerotised, reared from the trunks of willow leaf Ficus protruding beyond the costal lobe; phallus in southern Florida and the roots of pine- large, curved dorso-ventrally, with pointed apple in Puerto Rico. Pupae were discov- tip, cornutus long, thin, ventral surface ered under bark of an unknown tree in with minute spines; anellus fused with Dominica by J. F. Gates Clarke. In phallus, with hook-shaped tip. greenhouses (“Biosphäre”) in Potsdam, Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- Germany the larvae were found by J. sis relatively short; ostium bursae more or Schaller in dead wet wood of Robinia, on less elliptical, with strongly sclerotised which are arranged Tillandsia and other ring, surrounded by a sclerotised bristled Bromeliaceae, and on palm (Washingtonia Systematic treatment of the genera and species 163 spp.), similar to the situation discovered in After finishing the manuscript, the Florida. The specimens from France were following species was described as new, collected outdoors. it will be included together with the Thierry Varenne (pers. comm.) has pro- description, the colour picture of imago vided details about the location where he and the drawings of the genitalia (female found the specimens: In the South of genitalia are illustrated here for the first France, ochripennella is found in the wild, time). not in greenhouses. This does not mean that it did not originally escape from a greenhouse, as it is always found in 180 Novotinea reinhardella Nel, 2014 anthropic areas. Thus, it is frequent in the city of Nice. At Cap d’Ail, it is found mostly Novotinea reinhardella Nel, 2014: 5, figs 2, 7 above the inhabited zone, on the slope of the limestone hill that overlooks the sea. Description. Wingspan 6.5 (male), 8 At Linguizzetta in Corsica, it was behind (female) mm; head brush grey. Labial palp the beach. It is hard to say if it is perfectly on inside whitish, on outside dark, nearly acclimatised and spontaneous or if it takes black, second segment apically bristled. advantage of transplanted greenhouse Antenna more than 3/4 of the length of plants or abandoned plant waste to expand forewing, scape on upperside dark grey, on its range. The fact remains that I have underside light grey, flagellum ringed. always taken it in “nature”. (Translation Thorax and tegulae grey. Forewing pale from original information of Th. Varenne grey, nearly complete overlaid with dark by my colleague Bernard Landry). One grey scales, without clear pattern, only an specimen was collected by Jacques Nel in indication of an oblique dark stripe from La Ciotat in the public garden "Le Mugel", costa to dorsum before 1/2; apical half among exotic plants. more dark than basal half. Fringe light Detailed facts concerning damage by grey, with a dark grey scale-line along the infestations of the larvae are compiled in middle. Hindwing grey. Davis et al. (2012), together with descrip- Male genitalia. Uncus truncated, tion and illustration of larvae and pupae. subapically with two small triangular Remarks. The comparison of the sclerotisations. Vinculum band-shaped, genitalia structures of X. grenadella saccus narrow, with rounded tip. Valva as with the figures 2–4 in the paper of long as uncus-tegumen, sickle-shaped, Nel & Varenne (2011) under the name narrow, basally broadest, with a small Novotinea ochripennella shows them to be square sclerotised process, with rounded identical, which was confirmed by Don tip. Phallus as long as uncus-tegumen- Davis (pers. comm.). This is why Novotinea saccus, slightly curved, narrow, subapi- ochripennella Nel & Varenne, 2011 is a cally with minute sclerotisations in the ­synonym of Xystrologa grenadella vesica. (Walsingham, 1897). Female genitalia. Anterior apophy- X. grenadella has probably been intro- sis unforked, at apical forth articulated. duced to Europe with ornamental plants. Ostium cup-shaped, stronger sclerotised, 164 chapter 3 inside with minute thorns. Corpus bursae Distribution. South France (type near insertion of ductus bursae with an series), Spain: Canary Island: Fuerteven­ area of tooth-like sclerotisations, and with tura (unpublished records). a long narrow band of thin thorn-like new records: 1♂, 1♀, Spain: Isl. sclerotisations. Canarias, Fuerteventura, La Lajita, 8.iv.2013 Variation. No variation, known only (♂), 9.iv.2013 (♀), leg. Stübner; coll. Stübner; by few specimens. 1♀, Spain: Isl. Canarias, Fuerteventura, La Similar species. The sickle-shaped Pared, 10.iv.2013, leg. Stübner; SDEI. valva and the truncated uncus in males Bionomics. The specimens from the and the characteristical sclerotisations in type series were collected at 7. and 9. of corpus bursae in females make the species August. distinguishable from the other members of the genus. chapter � Distribution Catalogue

Abbreviations for the Distribution Catalogue

AND Andorra IS Iceland AL Albania IT Italy AT Austria KRI Greece: Crete AZO Portugal: Azores Islands LT Lithuania BA Bosnia-Herzegovina LU Luxembourg BG Bulgaria LV Latvia BL Belgium MA Malta BY Belarus MD CAN Spain: Canary Islands MDR Portugal: Madeira Islands CH Switzerland MK Macedonia COR France: Corsica MN Montenegro CY Cyprus NL The Netherlands CZ Czech Republic NO Norway DK Denmark PL Poland EE Estonia PT Portugal ES Spain RO Romania FI Finland RU Russia FR France SAR Italy: Sardinia GB Great Britain SB Serbia GE Germany SE Sweden GR Greece SL Slovenia HR Croatia SIC Italy: Sicily HU Hungary SK Slovakia IR Ireland UA Ukraine

© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���5 | doi ��.����/�������������_��5 166 chapter �

CAN MDR AZO PT ES AND Fr COR IT SAR SIC MA SI HR MN SB BA MK AL GR KRI CY BG RO MD IR GB NL BL LU GE CH AT CZ SK HU PL DK IS NO SE FI EE LT LV BY UA RU 1. D. caucasica * * * 2. D. zinica * 3. D. irinae * * * * 4. D. minuta * 5. D. heindeli * * * * * 6. D. pactolia * * * * * * * 7. D. hellenica * * 8. D. nedae * * * 9. H. luridella * * * * * 10. R. unicolor * * * * * * * * * 11. R. friedeli * 12. R. canariensis * 13. R. pinkeri s. str. * 13a R. pinkeri gomerae * 14. E. anthracinalis * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 15. E. ophisa * * * * 16. M. tessulatellus * *? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 17. S. boletella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 18. M. morellus * * * * * * * * * 19. M. choragella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 20. T. fulvimitrella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 21. T. baldensis * 22. T. marsica * 23. T. parasitella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24. A. yildizae * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 25. N. betulinella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 26. N. nevadella * * * * * 27. N. inconditella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 28. N. agenjoi * * * * * 29. N. palmella * * 30. N. reisseri * * * 31. N. gravosaella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 32. N. arenbergeri * 33. N. anatolica * 34. N. arcosuensis * 35. N. cyprica * * 36. N. hungaricus * * * * * * * * * * * 37. N. fungivorella * * * * * * * * * * * * 38. N. cloacella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 39. N. koenigi * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 40. N. scholzi * * distribution catalogue 167

CAN MDR AZO PT ES AND Fr COR IT SAR SIC MA SI HR MN SB BA MK AL GR KRI CY BG RO MD IR GB NL BL LU GE CH AT CZ SK HU PL DK IS NO SE FI EE LT LV BY UA RU 1. D. caucasica * * * 2. D. zinica * 3. D. irinae * * * * 4. D. minuta * 5. D. heindeli * * * * * 6. D. pactolia * * * * * * * 7. D. hellenica * * 8. D. nedae * * * 9. H. luridella * * * * * 10. R. unicolor * * * * * * * * * 11. R. friedeli * 12. R. canariensis * 13. R. pinkeri s. str. * 13a R. pinkeri gomerae * 14. E. anthracinalis * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 15. E. ophisa * * * * 16. M. tessulatellus * *? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 17. S. boletella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 18. M. morellus * * * * * * * * * 19. M. choragella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 20. T. fulvimitrella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 21. T. baldensis * 22. T. marsica * 23. T. parasitella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 24. A. yildizae * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 25. N. betulinella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 26. N. nevadella * * * * * 27. N. inconditella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 28. N. agenjoi * * * * * 29. N. palmella * * 30. N. reisseri * * * 31. N. gravosaella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 32. N. arenbergeri * 33. N. anatolica * 34. N. arcosuensis * 35. N. cyprica * * 36. N. hungaricus * * * * * * * * * * * 37. N. fungivorella * * * * * * * * * * * * 38. N. cloacella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 39. N. koenigi * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 40. N. scholzi * * 168 chapter �

CAN MDR AZO PT ES AND Fr COR IT SAR SIC MA SI HR MN SB BA MK AL GR KRI CY BG RO MD IR GB NL BL LU GE CH AT CZ SK HU PL DK IS NO SE FI EE LT LV BY UA RU 41. N. picarella * *? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 42. N. nigralbella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 43. N. gliriella * * * * * * * 44. N. sardicus * * 45. N. hispanica * 46. N. signatellus * * * * * * * * 47. N. quercicolella *? *? * * * * * * * * * * 48. N. ruricolella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 49. N. clematella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 50. N. lagodechiellus * 51. N. gerasimovi * 52. N. scutifera * 53. N. granella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 54. N. variatella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 55. N. somchetiella * 56. N. levantinus * * 57. N. caucasicus * 58. N. meridionella * 59. N. orientalis * * * * * 60. N. falstriella * * * * * * * * * * * * 61. N. alticolella? 62. N. fuscalbella? 63. T. caprimulgella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 64. G. kokkariensis * * * 65. N. ankerella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 66. N. ragusaella * * * * 67. N. macedonica * * * * * * 68. N. tenuipennella * * * * * * 69. T. nigripunctella * * *? *? * * * * * * *? *? * *? *? *? *? * 70. T. rhenania * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 71. M. rufulicaput * * * * * 72. E. pagenstecherella * * * * * * * * * * * 73. E. herculanella * * 74. E. leopoldella * * * * 75. E. daghestanica * 76. E. richardsoni * * * 77. E. vacriensis * 78. E. nigraella * * * * * 79. E. nerviella * 80. E. mensella * 81. E. palanfreella * distribution catalogue 169

CAN MDR AZO PT ES AND Fr COR IT SAR SIC MA SI HR MN SB BA MK AL GR KRI CY BG RO MD IR GB NL BL LU GE CH AT CZ SK HU PL DK IS NO SE FI EE LT LV BY UA RU 41. N. picarella * *? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 42. N. nigralbella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 43. N. gliriella * * * * * * * 44. N. sardicus * * 45. N. hispanica * 46. N. signatellus * * * * * * * * 47. N. quercicolella *? *? * * * * * * * * * * 48. N. ruricolella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 49. N. clematella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 50. N. lagodechiellus * 51. N. gerasimovi * 52. N. scutifera * 53. N. granella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 54. N. variatella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 55. N. somchetiella * 56. N. levantinus * * 57. N. caucasicus * 58. N. meridionella * 59. N. orientalis * * * * * 60. N. falstriella * * * * * * * * * * * * 61. N. alticolella? 62. N. fuscalbella? 63. T. caprimulgella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 64. G. kokkariensis * * * 65. N. ankerella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 66. N. ragusaella * * * * 67. N. macedonica * * * * * * 68. N. tenuipennella * * * * * * 69. T. nigripunctella * * *? *? * * * * * * *? *? * *? *? *? *? * 70. T. rhenania * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 71. M. rufulicaput * * * * * 72. E. pagenstecherella * * * * * * * * * * * 73. E. herculanella * * 74. E. leopoldella * * * * 75. E. daghestanica * 76. E. richardsoni * * * 77. E. vacriensis * 78. E. nigraella * * * * * 79. E. nerviella * 80. E. mensella * 81. E. palanfreella * 170 chapter 4

CAN MDR AZO PT ES AND Fr COR IT SAR SIC MA SI HR MN SB BA MK AL GR KRI CY BG RO MD IR GB NL BL LU GE CH AT CZ SK HU PL DK IS NO SE FI EE LT LV BY UA RU 82. E. brachyptera * 83. E. gallica * * * 84. E. alberti * * 85. E. hellenica * 86. E. atlantica * 87. E. sardoa * 88. E. melitensis * 89. E. hedemanni *? * * 90. E. graecum * 91. E. derrai * * 92. E. dalmaticum * 93. E. fibigeri * 94. E. moreae * 95. E. balcanicum * * 96. E. echinatum * 97. E. forsteri * * * 98. E. granulatella * * * * * * * * 99. E. confusella *? * * * * * * * * * * 100. E. kasyi * * * * * 101. E. romanum * 102. E. aureliani * 103. E. croaticum * 104. E. holtzi * * * * 105. E. glaseri * * * * * 106. E. armatum * 107. E. montanum * 108. E. sutteri * 109. E. verkerki * 110. E. lobata * * 111. I. nigropluviella * * * * 112. I. rumelicella * * * * * * * 113. I. sardica * * 114. I. graeca * * * * 115. I. rebeliella * 116. I. tauridella * * 117. I. banatica * * * * * * 118. I. litochorella * 119. I. captans * * * * * * *? * * * * 120. I. kasyi * * * 121. I. albanica * * * 122. I. roesslerella * * * * * * * * * * * distribution catalogue 171

CAN MDR AZO PT ES AND Fr COR IT SAR SIC MA SI HR MN SB BA MK AL GR KRI CY BG RO MD IR GB NL BL LU GE CH AT CZ SK HU PL DK IS NO SE FI EE LT LV BY UA RU 82. E. brachyptera * 83. E. gallica * * * 84. E. alberti * * 85. E. hellenica * 86. E. atlantica * 87. E. sardoa * 88. E. melitensis * 89. E. hedemanni *? * * 90. E. graecum * 91. E. derrai * * 92. E. dalmaticum * 93. E. fibigeri * 94. E. moreae * 95. E. balcanicum * * 96. E. echinatum * 97. E. forsteri * * * 98. E. granulatella * * * * * * * * 99. E. confusella *? * * * * * * * * * * 100. E. kasyi * * * * * 101. E. romanum * 102. E. aureliani * 103. E. croaticum * 104. E. holtzi * * * * 105. E. glaseri * * * * * 106. E. armatum * 107. E. montanum * 108. E. sutteri * 109. E. verkerki * 110. E. lobata * * 111. I. nigropluviella * * * * 112. I. rumelicella * * * * * * * 113. I. sardica * * 114. I. graeca * * * * 115. I. rebeliella * 116. I. tauridella * * 117. I. banatica * * * * * * 118. I. litochorella * 119. I. captans * * * * * * *? * * * * 120. I. kasyi * * * 121. I. albanica * * * 122. I. roesslerella * * * * * * * * * * * 172 chapter 4

CAN MDR AZO PT ES AND Fr COR IT SAR SIC MA SI HR MN SB BA MK AL GR KRI CY BG RO MD IR GB NL BL LU GE CH AT CZ SK HU PL DK IS NO SE FI EE LT LV BY UA RU 123. I. tribertii * * * 124. I. gaedikei * 125. I. ignicomella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 126. I. corleyi * * 127. I. belviella * 128. I. piozi * 129. I. corsica * 130. I. albulella * 131. I. sardiniella * * * 132. I. minuscula * 133. I. klimeschi * * 134. I. parentii * * * 135. I. siciliana * 136. I. marcunella * * * 137. I. frustigerella * * 138. I. italica * * * * * 139. I. cyprica * 140. I. taurus * 141. I. turcica * 142. I. hellenica * 143. I. atrifasciella * * * * * * * 144. I. teriolella * * * * * * 145. I. yildizae *? * 146. I. walsinghami * 147. I. gaedikella * 148. I. vartianae * * 149. I. peterseni * * 150. I. reisseri * 151. I. iberica * 152. I. karadaghica * * 153. I. albicomella * * *? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 154. I. lakoniae * * 155. I. vanderwolfi * * 156. I. arenbergeri * 157. I. olympica * 158. I. romanica * * 159. I. ochridella * * 160. I. parnassiella * 161. I. finalis * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 162. I. argentimaculella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 163. I. monteiroi * distribution catalogue 173

CAN MDR AZO PT ES AND Fr COR IT SAR SIC MA SI HR MN SB BA MK AL GR KRI CY BG RO MD IR GB NL BL LU GE CH AT CZ SK HU PL DK IS NO SE FI EE LT LV BY UA RU 123. I. tribertii * * * 124. I. gaedikei * 125. I. ignicomella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 126. I. corleyi * * 127. I. belviella * 128. I. piozi * 129. I. corsica * 130. I. albulella * 131. I. sardiniella * * * 132. I. minuscula * 133. I. klimeschi * * 134. I. parentii * * * 135. I. siciliana * 136. I. marcunella * * * 137. I. frustigerella * * 138. I. italica * * * * * 139. I. cyprica * 140. I. taurus * 141. I. turcica * 142. I. hellenica * 143. I. atrifasciella * * * * * * * 144. I. teriolella * * * * * * 145. I. yildizae *? * 146. I. walsinghami * 147. I. gaedikella * 148. I. vartianae * * 149. I. peterseni * * 150. I. reisseri * 151. I. iberica * 152. I. karadaghica * * 153. I. albicomella * * *? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 154. I. lakoniae * * 155. I. vanderwolfi * * 156. I. arenbergeri * 157. I. olympica * 158. I. romanica * * 159. I. ochridella * * 160. I. parnassiella * 161. I. finalis * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 162. I. argentimaculella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 163. I. monteiroi * 174 chapter 4

CAN MDR AZO PT ES AND Fr COR IT SAR SIC MA SI HR MN SB BA MK AL GR KRI CY BG RO MD IR GB NL BL LU GE CH AT CZ SK HU PL DK IS NO SE FI EE LT LV BY UA RU 164. I. karsholti * 165. I. toechophila * 166. L. pustulatella * * * * * * * * * * * * 167. I. borreonella * * * * * * * * 168. N. muricolella * * * * 169. N. liguriella * * 170. N. klimeschi * * * 171. N. mistrettae * 172. N. carbonifera * * 173. N. albarracinella * * 174. N. andalusiella * 175. S. cyaneimarmorella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 176. K. marianii * * * * * * * * * 177. A. mendicella *? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 178. A. sandoeensis * * * * * 179. X. grenadella * * * 180. N. reinhardella * * distribution catalogue 175

CAN MDR AZO PT ES AND Fr COR IT SAR SIC MA SI HR MN SB BA MK AL GR KRI CY BG RO MD IR GB NL BL LU GE CH AT CZ SK HU PL DK IS NO SE FI EE LT LV BY UA RU 164. I. karsholti * 165. I. toechophila * 166. L. pustulatella * * * * * * * * * * * * 167. I. borreonella * * * * * * * * 168. N. muricolella * * * * 169. N. liguriella * * 170. N. klimeschi * * * 171. N. mistrettae * 172. N. carbonifera * * 173. N. albarracinella * * 174. N. andalusiella * 175. S. cyaneimarmorella * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 176. K. marianii * * * * * * * * * 177. A. mendicella *? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 178. A. sandoeensis * * * * * 179. X. grenadella * * * 180. N. reinhardella * * chapter 5 Colour Plates

Plate 1: Figs 1–13: 2.0 times of b) ♀, Greece: Crete, Plateau of Lasithi, natural size; Figs 14–17: 1.5 times 20.ix.1979, leg. M. & W. Glaser (SDEI) 11. Rhodobates friedeli Petersen, 1987 of natural size a) ♂, paratype, Morocco: Agadir-Rokeln, 2.-21. xi.1974, leg. G. Friedel, slide 2993 GP (SDEI) 1. Dryadaula caucasica (Zagulajev, 1970) b) ♂, Spain:, Prov. Sevilla, Puerto Real, nördl. ♂, Poland: Bialowieza Forest, May 2011, leg. Chiclana, 24.-28.ix.1974, leg. H. G. Amsel & T. Jaworski (coll. Jaworski) (photo: Jaworski) R. U. Roesler (SDEI) 2. Dryadaula zinica (Zagulajev, 1970) c) ♂, Morocco: Agadir, O-Sous, without date, ♀, paratype, Azerbajan: Talysh, Girkanskij les, leg. R. Pinker (SDEI) 2.ix.1967, leg. A. K. Zagulajev, slide 5086 RG 12. Rhodobates canariensis Petersen & Gaedike, 1979 (SDEI) ♂, Spain: Canary Islands, Gran Canaria, 3. Dryadaula irinae (Savenkov, 1989) Artenaria, 20.x.1957, leg. R. Pinker, slide 2147 ♂, Poland: Bialowieza Forest, Gruszki GP(SDEI) ad Narewka, 22.xi.2012, leg. T. Jaworski 13. Rhodobates pinkeri pinkeri Petersen, 1987 (coll. Jaworski) (photo: Jaworski) ♂, paratype, Spain: Canary Islands, Teneriffe, 4. Dryadaula minuta Gaedike, 2007 Teide, 2300m, without date, leg. R. Pinker, slide ♂, holotype, Turkey: Prov. Mugla, env. of 1944 RG (SDEI) Marmaris, 23.viii.2002, leg. W. Mey, slide 14. Euplocamus anthracinalis (Scopoli, 1763) 5082 RG(ZMHB) (photo according to a) ♂, Ukraine: Gorlowka, 17.v.1943, leg. J. Soffner Gaedike, 2007) (SDEI) 5. Dryadaula heindeli Gaedike & Scholz, 1998 b) ♂, Austria: Aschachtal, 7.v.1959, leg. ♂, Germany: Bavaria, Günzburg, Hangwald, 24. J. Klimesch (ZSM) vi.2008, leg. R. Heindel (SDEI) c) ♀, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Maklen-Pass, 6. Dryadaula pactolia Meyrick, 1901 2.vii.1902, leg. O. Leonhard (SDEI) ♂, Germany: Mittelrhein, Loreley, Weinkeller, d) ♀, Austria: Wien, 3.vi.1959, leg. J. Klimesch A.[=Anfang = beginning of] VI.1938, leg. E. Jäckh (ZSM) (SDEI) e) ♂, Bulgaria: Varna, 1.vi.1964, leg. J. Soffner 7. Dryadaula hellenica (Gaedike, 1988) (SDEI) ♀, Greece: Parnassos Oros, Delphi area, 26. f) ♀, Southern Russia, without any additional ix.2009, leg. G. Baisch (SDEI) data (SDEI) 8. Dryadaula nedae (Gaedike, 1983) 15. Euplocamus ophisa (Cramer, 1779) ♂, Croatia, Is. Krk, Str. Krk-Vrbnik, 2.viii.1987, a) ♂, Bulgaria: Varna, Slatni Pjasazi , 21.vi.-4. leg. G. Baldizzone (SDEI) vii.1958, leg. G. Friese (SDEI) 9. Hapsifera luridella Zeller, 1847 b) ♂, Greece: Litohoro, 20.-22.ix.1962, leg. a) ♂, Macedonia, Stari Dojran, 10.-19.vi.1955, J. Klimesch (ZSM) leg. J. Klimesch (ZSM) c) ♀, Macedonia: Drenovo, 10.-20.vi.1956, leg. b) ♂, Macedonia, Stari Dojran, 2.-10.vi.1956, J. Klimesch (ZSM) leg. J. Klimesch (ZSM) 16. Montescardia tessulatellus (Zeller, 1846) c) ♂, SW-Arabia, Asirgebirge, Wadi Marah, 81km ♂, Switzerland: Vaud, Cudrefin, La Sauge, s. Biljurshi, 22.iv.1979, leg. H. G. Amsel (SDEI) ex l. 29.i.2011, leg. R. Bryner (SDEI) d) ♀, Greece: Crete, Knossos, 11.vi.1958, 17. Scardia boletella (Fabricius, 1794) leg. J. Klimesch (ZSM) a) ♂, Latvia, Slitere, Ilgas, 14.-17.vi.2010, leg. 10. Rhodobates unicolor (Staudinger, 1871) N. Savenkov (SDEI) a) ♂, Greece: Crete, Plateau of Lasithi, b) ♀, Austria: Steyr, 1.vii.1963, leg. J. Klimesch 20.ix.1979, leg. M. & W. Glaser (SDEI) (ZSM)

© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���� | doi ��.����/�������������_��6

178 chapter 5

Plate 2: Figs 18–68: 2.0 times of 30. Nemapogon reisseri Petersen & Gaedike, 1983 natural size ♀, Greece: Island Karpathos, Lefkos, ex l. 17. vi.1997, leg. R. Sutter (SDEI) 31. Nemapogon gravosaellus Petersen, 1957 18. Morophaga morellus (Duponchel, 1838) ♂, Greece: Parnassos Oros, Delphi area, 19. ♂, Greece: Prov. Arta, Katafourku, ex l. 29. ix.2002, leg. G. Baisch, slide 5054 RG (SDEI) vii.2004, leg. E. Bettag (SDEI) 32. Nemapogon arenbergeri Gaedike, 1986 19. Morophaga choragella (Denis & Schiffermüller, ♀, paratype,Turkey: Anatolia, Isparta, 26.vii.1963, 1775) leg. E. Arenberger (SDEI) a) ♀, Germany: Kempen/Rheinland, 33. Nemapogon anatolica Gaedike, 1986 ex l. 13.v.2007, leg. K.-H. Jelinek (SDEI) ♀, Greece: Island Rhodos, 2km W Lindos, 31. b) ♂, Italy: Lucania, Mt. Vulture, 21.-26.v.1956, vi.1993, leg. R. Sutter (SDEI) leg. J. Klimesch (ZSM) 34. Nemapogon arcosuensis Gaedike, 2007 20. Triaxomera fulvimitrella (Sodoffsky, 1830) ♀, Italy: Sardinia, Mte Arcosu, Sa Canna, 24. ♀, Germany: Schleswig-Holstein: Westensee, vi.2004, leg. G. Baldizzone & G. Triberti, slide Bruxer Holz, ex l. 12.v.2000, leg. D. Hausenblas 5024 RG (SDEI) (SDEI) 35. Nemapogon cyprica Gaedike, 1986 21. Triaxomera baldensis Petersen, 1983 ♀, Cyprus: Troodos Gebirge, N Troodos, 4. ♂, paratype, Italy: Monte Baldo, Bocca di viii.1983, leg. M. & E. Arenberger (SDEI) Navene, 25.vi.1981, leg. K. Burmann (SDEI) 36. Nemapogon hungaricus Gozmány, 1960 22. Triaxomera marsica Petersen, 1984 ♀, Croatia: Is. Krk, Kampelje, 27.vii.2008, leg. ♂, holotype, Italy: Abruzzo, M. la Rocca, env. of G. Baldizzone (SDEI) Pescasséroli, 9.-10.viii.1972, leg. R. Johansson, 37. Nemapogon fungivorella (Benander, 1939) slide 1231 JÅJ (ZMUC) a) ♀, Germany: Bad Blankenburg/Thüringen, 23. Triaxomera parasitella (Hübner, 1796) ex l. 5.vi.1967, leg. H. Steuer (SDEI) ♂, Germany: Dortmund-Barop, 16.v.1947, leg. b) ♀, Germany: Land Brandenburg, A. Grabe (SDEI) Jänschwalde-Ost, 17.v.1993, leg. A. Stübner 24. Archinemapogon yildizae Koçak, 1981 (SDEI) ♀, Germany: Neustrelitz, NSG Kalkhorst, 38. Nemapogon cloacella (Haworth, 1828) 8.vi.1987, leg. R. Gaedike (SDEI) ♀, Germany: Gera area, ex l. 11.vi.1966 (SDEI) 25. Nemaxera betulinella (Paykull, 1785) 39. Nemapogon koenigi Capuşe, 1967 ♀, Germany: Schleswig-Holstein: Westensee, ♂, Germany: Schleswig-Holstein, Schierensee, Bruxer Holz, ex l. 5.vi.2000, leg. D. Hausenblas ex l. 31.v.2002 (SDEI) (SDEI) 40. Nemapogon scholzi Sutter, 2000 26. Nemapogon nevadella (Caradja, 1920) ♀, paratype, Greece: Zakynthos Island, south of ♀, Spain: Andalusia, Sierra Nevada, Puerto de la Vasilikos, 8.ix.1997, leg. R. Sutter (SDEI) Ragua, 26.vi.- 8.vii.1962, leg. W. Glaser (SDEI) 41. Nemapogon picarella (Clerck, 1759) 27. Nemapogon inconditella (Lucas, 1956) ♀, Denmark: LFM, Bøtø, 7.vi.1976, leg. K. Larsen a) ♂, Germany: Ronneburg area, 10.viii.1955, leg. (SDEI) M. Nikolaus, slide 7362 RG (SDEI) 42. Nemapogon nigralbella (Zeller, 1839) b) ♀, Germany: Land Brandenburg: ♀, Bulgaria: Pirin Gebirge, Sandanski District, Jänschwalde-Ost, 11.viii.2008, leg. A. Stübner Lilyanovo, 30.vi.-29.vii.1989, leg. F. Eichler (SDEI) (SDEI) 43. Nemapogon gliriella (Heyden, 1865) 28. Nemapogon agenjoi Petersen, 1959 ♂, Germany: Thüringen: Bad Blankenburg, a) ♂, France: Aude, Villedeigne, 9.vii.1961, leg. Schwarzatal, ex l. 8.vi.2002, leg. D. Hausenblas K. Burmann (SDEI) (SDEI) b) ♀, Spain: Val., Kiko Park, Villagorda del 44. Nemapogon sardicus Gaedike, 1983 Cabriel, 17.-22.vi.2010, leg. F. Theimer (SDEI) a) ♂, Morocco: Hoher Atlas, Oukaim’den, 9.-11. 29. Nemapogon palmella (Chrétien, 1908) vii.1975, leg. F. Kasy, slide 2770 GP (SDEI) ♀, Spain: Canary Islands: La Gomera, La Playa, b) ♀, paratype, Italy: Sardinia: Domusnovas, Rio Valle Gran Rey, ex l. 27.ii.2009, leg. R. Bläsius Tiny, 26.viii.1978, leg. G. Derra, slide 1037 GD (SDEI) (SDEI) colour plates 179

45. Nemapogon hispanica Petersen & Gaedike, 1992 ♀, Russia: NW-Caukasus, Teberda, 29.vii.-11. ♂, Spain: Prov. Burgos, Pto. del Páramo de Masa, viii.1976, leg. F. Eichler, slide 2783 GP (SDEI) 27.vi.2009, leg. Lasan, slide 7739 RG (Coll. Lasan) 58. Nemapogon meridionella (Zagulajev, 1962) 46. Nemapogon signatellus Petersen, 1957 ♀, Georgia: Lagodekhi Nat. Park, 30.v.2012, leg. ♀, Bulgaria: 5km E Kresna, 26.v.2010, leg. T. Jaworski (coll. Jaworski) O. Karsholt, slide 7122 RG (SDEI) 59. Nemapogon orientalis Petersen, 1961 47. Nemapogon quercicolella (Zeller, 1852) ♂, Greece: Lesvos, Molivos, 6.vi.1994, leg. ♀, Germany: Baden-Württemberg, Karlsruhe, J. P. Baungaard, slide 4739 RG (SDEI) without date, ex coll. E. Frank (SDEI) 60. Nemapogon falstriella (Haas, 1881) 48. Nemapogon ruricolella (Stainton, 1849) ♀, Denmark: LFM, Lolland, Vindeholme, 30. ♀, Germany: Sachsen, Meissen, 8.vi.1932, leg. vii.1994, leg. F. Vilhelmsen (SDEI) Morczek (SDEI) 63. Triaxomasia caprimulgella (Stainton, 49. Nemapogon clematella (Fabricius, 1781) 1851) ♀, Germany: Schleswig-Holstein, Westensee, ♂, Germany: Brandenburg, Potsdam, Bruxer Holz, ex l. 7.vii.2002, leg. D. Hausenblas ex l. 26.v.1896, leg. Hinneberg (SDEI) (SDEI) 64. Gaedikeia kokkariensis Sutter, 1998 50. Nemapogon lagodechiellus Zagulajev, 1962 ♀, Greece: Island Samos, Kokkari, 8.ix.2002, leg. ♀, Georgia: Lagodechi, 30.v.2012, leg. T. Jaworski R. Sutter (SDEI) (SDEI) 65. Neurothaumasia ankerella (Mann, 1867) 51. Nemapogon gerasimovi Zagulajev, 1961 a) ♂, Bulgaria: Nessebar, 23.viii.-4.ix.1992, leg. ♂, Denmark: NEZ, Jyllinge, ex l. 2005, leg. J. Soffner (SDEI) P. Svenssen & B. Baungaard, slide 7363 RG (SDEI) b) ♂, Algeria: Philippeville, 4.v.1904, leg. 52. Nemapogon scutifera Gaedike, 2007 Walsingham (Holotype of Tinea geratocoma) ♀, paratype, Turkey: prov. Gümüşane , 5 km (BMNH # 987823; Copyright: Trustees of the NW Gümüşane, 12.vi.1969, leg. F. Kasy, slide Natural History Museum, London) 2599 GP(SDEI) 66. Neurothaumasia ragusaella (Wocke, 1889) 53. Nemapogon granella (Linnaeus, 1758) ♂, Morocco: Anti Atlas, Djebel Siroua, 18.vi.2011, ♀, Germany: Baden-Württemberg, Weinheim/ leg. A. Werno (Coll. Werno) Bergstraße, ex l. 3.vii.1956, leg. L. Lienig (SDEI) 67. Neurothaumasia macedonica Petersen, 1962 54. Nemapogon variatella (Clemens, 1859) a) ♂, Greece: Lesvos, 7.vi.2009, leg. L. Kaila & ♀, Spain: NW Mallorca, Costa de los Pinos, J. Kullberg (SDEI) ex l. iii.2007, leg. S. Wauer (SDEI) b) ♂, Greece: Crete, Pánormos, 17.vi.2011, leg. 55. Nemapogon somchetiella Zagulajev, 1961 Z. Tokár (SDEI) ♂, Italy: Piemonte: Odalengo Grande, 8.v.2007, 68. Neurothaumasia tenuipennella Gaedike, 2011 leg. G. Baldizzone, slide 6327 RG (coll. a) ♂, Croatia: Krk Island, Str. Krk-Vrbnik, Baldizzone) (according to Gaedike, 2009) 11.viii.1988, leg. G. Baldizzone (coll. 56. Nemapogon levantinus Petersen, 1961 Baldizzone) (Photo Baldizzone) ♂, Greece: Olympos, Litohoro, 24.vii.1980, leg. b) ♀, Croatia: Krk Island, Kampeljie, 15.vii.2007, G. Baldizzone, slide 2961 GP (SDEI) leg. G. Baldizzone (coll. Baldizzone) (Photo 57. Nemapogon caucasicus (Zagulajev, 1964) Baldizzone) colour plates 181

Plate 3: Figs 69–110: 4.0 times of 83. Eudarcia gallica (Petersen, 1962) natural size a) ♂, France: Pyren. Centr., Gavarnie, 10.vii.1901, leg. A. Petry (SDEI) b) ♂, Spain: Gerona, Caralps, 1.-3.vii.1960, leg. 69. Tenaga nigripunctella (Haworth, 1828) E. Vartian (SDEI) ♂, Italia: Piemonte, Asti, 7.vi.1979, leg. 84. Eudarcia alberti (Amsel, 1957) G. Baldizzone, slide 5942 RG (SDEI) ♂, Spain: Sierra Nevada, Capiliera, 71. Matratinea rufulicaput Sziraki & Szöcs, 1990 26.iv.-12.v.1988, leg. R. Herrmann, slide 5009 RG ♂, Greece: Lesvos, 9.vi.2009, leg. L. Kaila & (SDEI) J. Kullberg (SDEI) 85. Eudarcia hellenica Gaedike, 2007 72. Eudarcia pagenstecherella (Hübner, 1825) ♂, paratype, Greece: Parnassos, Delfi, 25.vi.1990, ♂, Germany: Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische leg. G. R. Langohr, slide 4052 RG (SDEI) Alb, Giengen, ex l. 29.vi.-8.vii.1994, leg. A. Scholz 86. Eudarcia atlantica Henderickx, 1995 (SDEI) ♂, Portugal: Azores, São Miguel, Água De Pau, 73. Eudarcia herculanella (Capuşe, 1966) Caloura, la. 7.iv.2009, leg. O. Karsholt, slide 6850 ♂, paratype, Romania: Herkulesbad, 1910, RG (SDEI) leg. H. Rebel, slide 7542 RG (SDEI) 87. Eudarcia sardoa (Passerin d'Entrèves, 1978) 74. Eudarcia leopoldella (Costa, 1832) ♂, Italy: Sardinia, Cagliari, 7.v.1977, leg. a) ♂, Italy: R. Emilia, Vallestria, 11.vi.1956, P. Passerin d'Entrèves (Coll. Passerin d’Entrèves) leg. U. Parenti (SDEI) 88. Eudarcia melitensis Gaedike & Zerafa, 2010 b) ♂, Italy: Piemonte, Gremiasco, 3.v.1970, leg. a) ♂, paratype, Malta: Wied il-Ghasel, ex l. 2.-27. G. Baldizzone (SDEI) iii.2010, leg. M. Zerafa (SDEI) 76. Eudarcia richardsoni (Walsingham, 1900) b) ♀, paratype, Malta: Wied il-Ghasel, ex l. 2.-27. ♂, Great Britain: Dorset, Portland, 10.vi.1974, leg. iii.2010, leg. M. Zerafa (SDEI) J. Roche (SDEI) 89. Eudarcia hedemanni (Rebel, 1899) 78. Eudarcia nigraella (Mariani, 1937) ♂, Italy: Garda-See, Riva, without date, leg. ♀, Italy: Sardinia, Mt. Arcosu, Su Tragu, 1. Stange, slide 1854 GP (SDEI) vii.2004, leg. G. Baldizzone & P. Triberti, slide 90. Eudarcia graecum (Gaedike, 1985) Baldizzone 13735 (SDEI) ♂, Greece: Lakonia, Palaeopanagia area, 23. 79. Eudarcia nerviella (Amsel, 1954) vii.1998, leg. B. Skule & D. Nilsson, slide 6669 RG a) ♂, Italy: Liguria, Nervi, ex l. 17.iii.1972, leg. (SDEI) G. Baldizzone (SDEI) 91. Eudarcia derrai (Gaedike, 1983) b) ♀, Italy: Liguria, Nervi, ex l. 19.iii.1972, leg. a) ♂, Malta: Mellieha, 16.vi.2008, leg. M. Zerafa G. Baldizzone (SDEI) (SDEI) 80. Eudarcia mensella (Walsingham, 1900) b) ♀, Malta: Wied il-Ghasel, ex l. 21.iv.2009, leg. ♂, France: Corsica, Ajaccio, 7.vi.1899, leg. M. Zerafa (SDEI) Walsingham (BMNH # 987822; Copyright: 92. Eudarcia dalmaticum (Gaedike, 1988) Trustees of the Natural History Museum, ♂, Croatia: Orasac, 15.vii.2000, leg. Laštůvka, London) slide 7077 RG (SDEI) 81. Eudarcia palanfreella Baldizzone & Gaedike, 94. Eudarcia moreae (Petersen & Gaedike, 1983) 2004 ♀, paratype, Greece: Lakonia, Nomia-Lyra, 20. a) ♂, Italy: Piemonte, Palanfré, ex l. 14.vi.2003, vi.1979, leg. L. Gozmány & Christensen, slide leg. G. Baldizzone (SDEI) 2208 RG (SDEI) b) ♀, Italy: Piemonte, Palanfré, 16.vi.2006, leg. 96. Eudarcia echinatum (Petersen & Gaedike, G. Baldizzone (SDEI) 1985) 82. Eudarcia brachyptera (Passerin d'Entrèves, 1974) a) ♂, W-Cyprus: Avakas gorge, ex l. 12.v.1999, a) ♂, paratype, Italy: Liguria, Bordighera, ex l. leg. H. Henderickx (SDEI) 9.v.1972, leg. P. Passerin d'Entrèves, slide 7489 b) ♀, W-Cyprus: Avakas gorge, 1.vi.1999, leg. RG (SDEI) H. Henderickx (SDEI) b) ♀, paratype, Italy: Liguria, Ventimiglia Alta, 97. Eudarcia forsteri (Petersen, 1964) ex l. 13.v.1972, leg. P. Passerin d'Entrèves ♂, Turkey: 50km E Istanbul, 6.vii.1965, (SDEI) leg. M. & W. Glaser, slide 2331 GP (SDEI) 182 chapter 5

98. Eudarcia granulatella (Zeller, 1852) b) ♂, Greece: Olympos, 25.vi.-6.vii.1967, a) ♂, Croatia: Vinodolski, 12.-24.vi.2004, leg. leg. J. Klimesch (ZSM) F. Theimer (SDEI) 105. Eudarcia glaseri (Petersen, 1967) b) ♀, Croatia: Gornje Billisane, 6.vii.2004, a) ♂, Spain: Catalunya, Cap Creus, ex l. leg. Z. Tokár (SDEI) 31.v.2005, leg. H. Henderickx, slide 5104 99. Eudarcia confusella (Heydenreich, 1851) RG (SDEI) a) ♂, Austria: Lienz, 5.vii.1908, ex coll. b) ♀, Greece: Peloponnese, Zachlorou, E. Frank, slide 2699 RG (SDEI) 26.vi.-2.vii.1963, leg. J. Klimesch (SDEI) b) Italy: Friaul, Interneppo, ex l. 26.vi.1961 107. Eudarcia montanum (Gaedike, 1985) without collector, slide 1609 GP (SDEI) ♂, paratype, Greece: Lakonia, Mt. Taygetos, 100. Eudarcia kasyi (Petersen, 1971) 27.vii.1982, leg. G. Baldizzone, slide ♂, paratype, Greece: Olympos, Kataphygion, 2604 RG (SDEI) 6.-11.vii.1962, leg. F. Kasy, slide 1938 GP (SDEI) 108. Eudarcia sutteri Gaedike, 1997 101. Eudarcia romanum (Petersen, 1958) ♂, paratype, Greece: Rhodos, 2km W Lindos, ♂, Holotype, Italy: Monti Albani, 1895, leg. 31.v.1993, leg. R. Sutter (SDEI) O. Staudinger slide 933 GP (ZMHB) 109. Eudarcia verkerki Gaedike & Henderickx, 102. Eudarcia aureliani (Capuşe, 1967) 1999 ♂, paratype, Romania: Ada Kaleh, 4.vi.1966, ♂, paratype, Greece: Crete, Mesavlia, leg. A. Popescu-Gorj, slide 2545 GP (SDEI) ex l. 19.vi.1997, leg. G. Verkerk & 103. Eudarcia croaticum (Petersen, 1962) H. Henderickx (SDEI) ♀, paratype, Croatia: Zengg, 17.vii.1922, leg. 110. Eudarcia lobata (Petersen & Gaedike, Dobiasch, slide 2700 RG (SDEI) 1979) 104. Eudarcia holtzi (Rebel, 1902) a) ♂, Greece: Rhodos, Mt. Smith, 10.v.1975, a) ♂, paratype, Lebanon: 25 km N Beirut, leg. J. Klimesch (ZSM) 11.v.1961, leg. F. Kasy & E. Vartian, slide b) ♀, Greece: Rhodos, Mt. Smith, 12.v.1975, 2099 GP (SDEI) leg. J. Klimesch, slide 5108 RG (SDEI)

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Plate 4: Figs 111–137: 4.0 times of 124. Infucitinea gaedikei Baldizzone, 1984 natural size ♂, Spain: Andalusia, Sierra Nevada, Road to Veleta, 24.vii.1983, leg. G. Baldizzone (Photo Baldizzone) 111. Infurcitinea nigropluviella (Walsingham, 1907) 125. Infurcitinea ignicomella (Heydenreich, 1851) a) ♂, Greece: Parnassos Oros, Delphi area, a) ♂, Germany: Nordrhein-Westfalen, 16.ix.2002, leg. G. Baisch (SDEI) Niederkrüchten, 24.v.2007, leg. R. Seliger b) ♀, Greece: Parnassos Oros, Delphi area, (SDEI) 16.ix.2009, leg. G. Baisch (SDEI) b) ♀, Austria: Dölsach, 8.vii.2004, leg. c) ♂, Greece: Lesvos, 10.v.2006, leg. L. Kaila H. Deutsch (SDEI) & J. Kullberg (SDEI) c) ♂, Germany: Sachsen, Rachlau without 112. Infurcitinea rumelicella (Rebel, 1903) date (SDEI) a) ♂, Bulgaria: Sandanski, 17.-31.v.2010, leg. 126. Infurcitinea corleyi Gaedike, 2011 N. Savenkov (SDEI) ♂, holotype, Portugal: Montesinho, 9. b) ♂, Greece: Lesvos, 10.v.2006, leg. L. Kaila vii.2009, leg. M. F. V. Corley, slide 7382 RG & J. Kullberg (SDEI) (SDEI) c) ♂, Greece: Lesvos, 3.vi.2009, leg. L. Kaila 128. Infurcitinea piozi Varenne & Nel, 2009 & J. Kullberg, slide 7446 RG (SDEI) ♂, France: Haute-Corse, 26.vi.2009, leg. 114. Infurcitinea graeca Gaedike, 1983 T. Varenne, slide 23366 Varenne (coll. ♂, paratype, Greece: Lakonia, 21.-30.vii.1982, Varenne) (according to Varenne & Nel, 2009) leg. G. Baldizzone (SDEI) 129. Infurcitinea corsica Gaedike, 2010 115. Infurcitinea rebeliella (Krone, 1907) ♂, holotype, France: Corsica, Haut Asco, 23. ♂, Croatia: Gravosa, 10.v.1910, leg. Krone, slide vi.1994, leg. B. Skule & P. Skou, slide 5421 RG 369 GP (SDEI) (ZMUC) (according to Gaedike, 2010) 116. Infurcitinea tauridella Petersen, 1968 130. Infurcitinea albulella (Rebel, 1935) a) ♀, Greece: Lesvos Island, 9.vi.2009, leg. ♂, Spain: Sierra de Gredos, Navacepeda, L. Kaila & J. Kullberg (SDEI) 1500m, 19.vii.1980, leg. M. & E. Arenberger, b) ♂, Bulgaria: Pirin, Sandanski, 30.v.2010, slide 3061 RG (NMW) leg. N. Savenkov (SDEI) 131. Infurcitinea sardiniella Vari, 1942 117. Infurcitinea banatica Petersen, 1961 ♀, Italy: Sardinia, Cagliari, 29.vi.2004 (SDEI) ♂, holotype, Romania: Banat, Orsova, 133. Infurcitinea klimeschi Passerin d'Entrèves, 1974 11.vii.1909, leg. M. Hilf, slide 16 GP (SDEI) ♂, Italy: NP Gran Paradiso, Valnontey, 20.-29. 118. Infurcitinea litochorella Petersen, 1964 vii.1965, leg. J. Klimesch (ZSM) ♂, Greece: Olympos, 14.-22.vi.1957, leg. 134. Infurcitinea parentii Petersen, 1964 J. Klimesch (ZSM) a) ♀, Italy: Piemonte, Capanne di Marcarolo, 119. Infurcitinea captans Gozmány, 1960 16.vii.2006, leg. G. Baldizzone, a) ♀, Italy: Friuli, 2.viii.2006, leg. H. Deutsch slide 5282 RG (SDEI) (SDEI) b) ♀, Italy: Piemonte, Capanne di Marcarolo, b) ♂, Italy: Piemonte, 24.vi.1987, leg. G. Bassi 6.vii.2006, leg. G. Baldizzone, (SDEI) slide 5284 RG (SDEI) 120. Infucitinea kasyi Petersen, 1962 135. Infurcitinea siciliana Petersen, 1964 ♂, paratype, Macedonia: Drenovo, 10.-20. ♂, Italy: Sicily, Mistretta Mercuore, 1.-6. vi.1957, leg. F. Kasy (SDEI) vii.1952, leg. J. Klimesch, slide 1856 RG 121. Infucitinea albanica Petersen, 1963 (SDEI) ♂, paratype, Albania: Kula Ljums, 7.-14.vi.1918, 136. Infurcitinea marcunella (Rebel, 1901) leg. Predota & Zerny, slide 1705 GP (SDEI) a) ♀, Spain: Granada, 28.v.1901, leg. 122. Infurcitinea roesslerella (Heyden, 1865) Walsingham, slide 1328 GP (SDEI) a) ♂, Germany: Nordrhein-Westfalen, Nat. b) ♂, paralectotype, Algeria: Lambessa, Park Eifel, 5.vi.2010, leg. W. Wittland (SDEI) without date, slide 319 GP (SDEI) b) ♂, Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz, Bornich, 137. Infurcitinea frustigerella (Walsingham, 1907) 30.v.1896, leg. Fuchs (SDEI) a) ♂, Tunisia: Nefta, 14.-16.iii.1986, Zool. 123. Infurcitinea tribertii Gaedike, 1983 Mus. Copenhagen Exp. (SDEI) ♂, Macedonia: Mt. Pelister, 8.viii.1979, leg. b) ♂, Morocco, Tafrault, 23.-24.iii.2005, leg. G. Baldizzone(Photo Baldizzone) O. Karsholt, slide 6182 RG (ZMUC)

186 chapter 5

Plate 5: Figs 138–175: 4.0 times of 150. Infurcitinea reisseri Petersen, 1968 natural size ♂, Greece: Crete, Mt. Ida, 25.vii.1984, leg. G. Baldizzone, slide 2916 RG (SDEI) 151. Infurcitinea iberica Gaedike, 2010 138. Infurcitinea italica (Amsel, 1954) ♂, Spain: Granada, Benamaurel, 31.iii.2012, ♂, Spain: Sierra Nevada, 21.vi.2011, leg. leg. J. Viehmann (SDEI) A. Stübner (SDEI) 152. Infurcitinea karadaghica Zagulajev, 1979 139. Infurcitinea cyprica Petersen & Gaedike, 1985 ♂, Armenia: Geghard, 24.-25.vii.1979, ♀, paratype, Cyprus: Troodos Mts, 20.vii.-1. leg. F. Kasy & E. Vartian, slide 1909 RG viii.1981, leg. M. & E. Arenberger, slide 2674 (SDEI) RG (SDEI) 153. Infurcitinea albicomella (Stainton, 1851) 140. Infurcitinea taurus Gaedike, 1988 a) ♂, Slovenia: Kozjanski park, 26.vi.2003, ♀, Greece: Parnassos, 24.vii.1984, leg. leg. S. Gomboc (SDEI) M. & E. Arenberger, slide 2970 RG (SDEI) b) ♂, Slovenia: Slovenske primorje, 141. Infurcitinea turcica Petersen, 1968 4.vii.2004, leg. S. Gomboc (SDEI) a) ♂, paratype, Turkey: Kizilcahaman, c) ♂, Switzerland: Leuk area, 5.vii.2005, leg. 19.vi.-6.vii.1965, leg. M. & W. Glaser, slide R. Seliger (SDEI) 2334 GP (SDEI) d) ♀, Switzerland: Leuk area, 11.vii.2007, leg. b) ♂, Turkey: Gümüşane, 12.vi.1969, leg. R. Seliger (SDEI) F. Kasy, slide 1684 RG (SDEI) 154. Infurcitinea lakoniae Gaedike, 1983 142. Infurcitinea hellenica Gaedike, 1997 ♀, paratype, Greece: Lakonia, Monemvasia ♂, Greece: Peleponnes, Epidaurus, Korfos, area, 21.-30.vii.1982, leg. G. Baldizzone 21.v.2007, leg. W. Schmitz, slide 5818 RG (SDEI) (SDEI) 155. Infurcitinea vanderwolfi Gaedike, 1997 143. Infurcitinea atrifasciella (Staudinger, 1871) ♂, Croatia: Dalmatia, Murter area, Tijesno, a) ♂, Spain: Tolorin at Martinet, 15.-17.vii.2003, leg. J. Šumpich, slide 7499 RG 6.vii.1967, leg. E. Arenberger, (SDEI) slide 2691 RG (SDEI) 156. Infurcitinea arenbergeri Gaedike, 1988 b) ♀, Spain: Gerona, Caralps, 1.-3.vii.1960, leg. ♀, paratype, Greece: Arkadia, Menalo E. Vartian, slide 1615 GP (SDEI) Gebirge, west of Kardaras, 6.viii.1985, leg. 144. Infurcitinea teriolella (Amsel, 1954) M. & E. Arenberger, slide 3259 RG (NMW) a) ♂, Italy: Modena, 21.v.1961, leg. U. Parenti 157. Infurcitinea olympica Petersen, 1958 (SDEI) ♂, Greece: Olymp, Kataphygion, 4.vii.1957, b) ♂, Italy: Bozen, 18.vi.1911, leg. Lenthe, slide leg. J. Klimesch (ZSM) 1946 GP (SDEI) 158. Infurcitinea romanica Capuşe, 1966 145. Infurcitinea yildizae Koçak, 1981 ♂, Romania: Caro-Severin, Seoca Montana ♂, Italy: Livorno, leg. Mann (SDEI) area, 14.vii.2005, leg. B. Skule, C. Hviid & 146. Infurcitinea walsinghami Petersen, 1962 E. Vesterhede, slide 6675 RG (ZMUC) ♂, holotype, France: Pyr. or., Thuès-les-Bains, 159. Infurcitinea ochridella Petersen, 1962 21.vi.1900, leg. Walsingham, slide 1364 GP ♂, paratype, Macedonia: Petrina Planina, 23. (BMNH # 987821; Copyright: Trustees of the viii.1955, leg. F. Kasy, slide 1183 GP (SDEI) Natural History Museum, London) 160. Infurcitinea parnassiella Gaedike, 1987 147. Infurcitinea gaedikella Nel, 2003 ♂, paratype, Greece: Parnassos, north of ♂, paratype, France: Bollène-Vésubie, Arakhova, 24.vii.1984, leg. M. & E. Arenberger 20.vi.1995, leg. J. Nel, slide 6008 Nel (TLMF) (NMW) 148. Infurcitinea vartianae Petersen, 1962 161. Infurcitinea finalis Gozmány, 1959 ♂, holotype, Spain: Gerona, Caralps, 1.-3. a) ♀, Italia: Piemonte, Capanne di vii.1960, leg. E. Vartian, slide 1611 GP (NMW) Marcarolo, 15.vii.2005, leg. G. Baldizzone 149. Infurcitinea peterseni Baldizzone, 1984 (SDEI) ♂, Spain: Sierra Nevada, road to Veleta, 19. b) ♀, Switzerland: Graubünden, Mesolcina, viii.1984, leg. E. Traugott-Olsen (SDEI) Leggia, 22.vi.2011, leg. J. Schmid (SDEI) colour plates 187

162. Infurcitinea argentimaculella (Stainton, 1849) 169. Novotinea liguriella Amsel, 1950 ♂, Germany: Schleswig-Holstein, Westensee, ♂, Italy: Liguria, Quililano, 21.viii.-16.ix.1944, ex l. 8.vii.2002, leg. D. Hausenblas (SDEI) leg. J. Klimesch (ZSM) 163. Infurcitinea monteiroi Amsel, 1957 170. Novotinea klimeschi (Rebel, 1940) ♂, paratype, Portugal: Avale, 2.vi.1950, leg. ♂, Croatia: Gravosa area, 1.-10.vi.1939, leg. T. Monteiro, slide 964 GP (SDEI) J. Klimesch (SDEI) 164. Infurcitinea karsholti Gaedike, 1992 171. Novotinea mistrettae Parenti, 1966 ♂, Greece: Peloponnese, Zachlorou (Kalavr.), ♂, Italy: Sicilia, Mistretta Mercuore, 1.-6. 13.-30.vi.1958, leg. J. Klimesch (ZSM) vii.1952, leg. J. Klimesch, slide 7806 RG 165. Infurcitinea toechophila (Walsingham, 1908) (ZSM) ♀, Spain: Canary Islands, Teneriffe, La 172. Novotinea carbonifera (Walsingham, 1900) Laguna, 22.ii.1904, leg. Eaton (SDEI) ♂, France: Corsica sept., Calvi, 12.-20.vi.1967, 166. Lichenotinea pustulatella (Zeller, 1852) leg. J. Klimesch (ZSM) ♀, Germany: Baden-Württemberg, 173. Novotinea albarracinella (Petersen, 1967) Schwäbische Alb, Schelklingen, 29.vi.1994, ♀, Spain: Tarragona, Móra la Nóva, 1.vii.1989, leg. A. Scholz (SDEI) leg. B. Bengtsson (SDEI) 167. Ischnoscia borreonella (Millière, 1874) 174. Novotinea andalusiella (Petersen, 1964) ♂, Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz, Bornich, ♂, Spain: Prov. Malaga, Alpandeira-Parajan, without data, leg. Fuchs (SDEI) 30.v.1995, leg. E. Bettag (SDEI) 168. Novotinea muricolella (Fuchs, 1879) 175. Stenoptinea cyaneimarmorella (Millière, 1854) ♀, Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz, Bornich, ♂, France: Herault, Col de Vent, 27.viii.2006, without data, leg. Fuchs (SDEI) leg. T. Grünewald (SDEI) colour plates 189

Plate 6: Figs 176–180: 4.0 times of 178. Agnathosia sandoeensis Jonasson, 1977 natural size ♀, Sweden: Gotska Sandön, ex l. 1.vii.1977, leg. J. A. Jonasson, slide 7751 RG (SDEI) 179. Xystrologa grenadella (Walsingham, 176. Karsholtia marianii (Rebel, 1936) 1897) a) ♂, Germany: Schleswig-Holstein, a) ♂, Germany: Brandenburg, Potsdam, Schlierensee, 25.v.2003, leg. D. Hausenblas xi.2011, leg. J. Schaller (SDEI) (SDEI) b) ♂, Bermuda, Admirality House Park, b) ♀, Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, Pembroke, 21.x.1987, leg. D. C. Ferguson Westensee, 18.viii.2002, leg. D. Hausenblas (USNM) (SDEI) 180. Novotinea reinhardella Nel, 2014 177. Agnathosia mendicella (Denis & ♀, Spain: Canary Island Fuerteventura, La Schiffermüller, 1775) Lajita, 9.iv.2013, leg. et coll. Stübner ♂, Germany: Thüringen, Bad Blankenburg, ex l. 18.vi.1967, leg. H. Steuer (SDEI)

chapter 6 Drawings, Male Genitalia

1

1a 1b

1. Dryadaula caucasica (Zagulajev, 1970) – Poland – in vial (coll. Jaworski) a) Russia – slide 4866 RG (FMNH) (left valva separated); b) Russia – according to fig. 7B in Sachkov (1995)

© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���� | doi ��.����/�������������_��7 192 chapter 6

2

2a 2b

3 4

2. Dryadaula zinica (Zagulajev, 1970) – Holotype, – in vial (No. 11209) Zagulajev (ZIN) a) paratype, Russia – slide 7464 Zagulajev (ZIN) (left valva and phallus complex separated); b) Azerbaijan – slide 11210 Zagulajev (ZIN) (right valva and phallus complex separated) 3. Dryadaula irinae (Savenkov, 1989) – Latvia – in vial (coll. Savenkovs) 4. Dryadaula minuta Gaedike, 2007 – Holotype,Turkey – slide 5082 RG (ZMHB) (according to Gaedike, 2007) drawings, male genitalia 193

5

5a 5b

6

5. Dryadaula heindeli Gaedike & Scholz, 1998 – Paratype, Germany – slide M581 RH (SDEI) (according to Gaedike & Scholz, 1998) a) paratype, Germany – slide 4962 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike & Scholz, 1998); b) paratype, Germany – slide 4789 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike & Scholz, 1998) 6. Dryadaula pactolia Meyrick, 1901 – Germany – slide 4963 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike & Scholz, 1998) 194 chapter 6

7

8

7. Dryadaula hellenica (Gaedike, 1988) – Greece – slides 2926 (holotype), 3170 (paratype), 3171 (paratype) RG (ZMUC) (according to Gaedike, 1988) 8. Dryadaula nedae (Gaedike, 1983) – Croatia – slides 2462, 7703 RG (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 195

9 10

10a 10b 11

12

9. Hapsifera luridella Zeller, 1847 – Irak – slide 800 GP (SDEI) 10. Rhodobates unicolor (Staudinger, 1871) – Greece – slide 1948 RG (SDEI) a) Tunisia – slide 6289 RG (coll. Stübner); b) Malta – slide 7358 RG (SDEI) 11. Rhodobates friedeli Petersen, 1987 – Paratypes, Morocco- slides 2993 , 3040, 3041 GP (SDEI) 12. Rhodobates canariensis Petersen & Gaedike, 1979 – Paratype, Spain: Canary Islands – slide 2793 GP (SDEI) 196 chapter 6

13 13a

14

15

13. Rhodobates pinkeri pinkeri Petersen, 1987 – Paratypes, Spain: Canary Islands – slides 1943, 1944 RG (SDEI) a) paratype, ssp. gomerae Spain: Canary Islands – slide 3251 GP (SDEI) 14. Euplocamus anthracinalis (Scopoli, 1763) – Bosnia-Herzegovina – slides 205, 207 GP (SDEI) 15. Euplocamus ophisa (Cramer, 1779) – Albania – slide 210 GP (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 197

16 17

18

19

16. Montescardia tessulatellus (Zeller, 1846) – Italy – slide 219 GP (SDEI) 17. Scardia boletella (Fabricius, 1794) – Croatia – slide 6688 RG (SDEI) 18. Morophaga morellus (Duponchel, 1838) – Italy: Sardinia – slide 6627 RG (SDEI) 19. Morophaga choragella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – Germany – slide 6689 RG (SDEI) 198 chapter 6

20 21

21a 23

22

23a,b 23c

20. Triaxomera fulvimitrella (Sodoffsky, 1830) – Russia – slide 1594 GP (SDEI) 21. Triaxomera baldensis Petersen, 1983 – Paratype, Italy – slide 2951 GP (SDEI) a) Italy – slide 7833 RG (coll. Seliger) 22. Triaxomera marsica Petersen, 1984 – Holotype, Italy – slide 1231 Johansson (ZMUC) 23. Triaxomera parasitella (Hübner, 1796) – Croatia – slide 92 GP (SDEI) a) Croatia – slide 165 GP (SDEI); b) Croatia – slide 167 GP (SDEI); c) Germany – slide 2984 GP (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 199

24 25

26a

26b-i

24. Archinemapogon yildizae Koçak, 1981 – Germany – slide 2988 GP (SDEI) 25. Nemaxera betulinella (Paykull, 1785) – without locality – slide 1977 GP (SDEI) 26. Nemapogon nevadella (Caradja, 1920) – Spain – slide 5377 RG (SDEI) a) Spain – slide 6681 RG (ZMUC); b) Spain: Baleares – slide 4334 RG (SDEI); c) Spain – slide 3995 RG (SDEI); d) Spain – slide 2045 GP (SDEI); e) France – slide 2046 GP (SDEI); f) Spain – slide 3988 RG (SDEI); g) Portugal – slide 6937 RG (FMNH); h) Portuga – slide 6939 RG (FMNH); i) Portugal – slide 6940 RG (FMNH) 200 chapter 6

27 27a-c

28a 28b-e

29

27. Nemapogon inconditella (Lucas, 1956) – Greece – slide 2986 RG (SDEI) a) France – slide 6261 RG (MNHN); b) Bulgaria- slide 1892 GP (SDEI); c) Greece – slide 6431 RG (SDEI) 28. Nemapogon agenjoi Petersen, 1959 – Italy – slide 6073 RG (coll. Werno) a); b) Spain – slide 2794 RG (SDEI); c) Italy – slide 2350 RG (SDEI); d) France – slide 2681 GP (SDEI); e) Italy – slide 2966 GP (SDEI) 29. Nemapogon palmella (Chrétien, 1908) – Spain: Canary Islands – slide 2298 GP (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 201

30

30a-d

31a-d 31

32 32a

30. Nemapogon reisseri Petersen & Gaedike, 1983 – Paratype, Greece: Crete – slide 2011 RG (SDEI) a); d) Greece: Crete – slide 6558 RG (ZMUC); b); c) Greece: Crete – slide 6554 RG (ZMUC) 31. Nemapogon gravosaella Petersen, 1957 – Greece – slides 1275, 3946, 3951 RG (SDEI) a); c) Greece – slide 1191 GP (ZSM); b) Greece – slide 6580 RG (coll. Schmitz); d) Montenegro – slide 1436 GP (SDEI) 32. Nemapogon arenbergeri Gaedike, 1986 – Paratype, Turkey – slide 2840 RG (SDEI) a) Greece – slide 5396 RG (ZMUC) 202 chapter 6

33

34 34

35 35a

33. Nemapogon anatolica Gaedike, 1986 – Paratype, Turkey – slide 2893 RG (SDEI) 34. Nemapogon arcosuensis Gaedike, 2007 – Holotype, Italy: Sardinia. – slide 5218 RG (coll. Baldizzone) (according to Gaedike, 2007) 35. Nemapogon cyprica Gaedike, 1986 – Paratype, Cyprus – slide 2678 RG (SDEI) a) paratype, Cyprus – slide 2715 RG (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 203

36 37

38

38a-e

36. Nemapogon hungaricus Gozmány, 1960 – Croatia – slide 2972 GP (SDEI) 37. Nemapogon fungivorella (Benander, 1939) – Russia – slide 9 GP (SDEI) 38. Nemapogon cloacella (Haworth, 1828) – Poland – slide 880 GP (SDEI); Bulgaria – slide 46 GP (SDEI); Germany – slide 3607 RG (SDEI) a) Bosnia-Herzegovina – slide 58 GP (SDEI); b) Italy – slide 2528 GP (SDEI); c) Bosnia-Herzegovina – slide 58 GP (SDEI); d) Croatia – slide 62 GP (SDEI); e) Germany – slide 4498 RG (SDEI) 204 chapter 6

39 40 40a

41 42

43 43a

39. Nemapogon koenigi Capuşe, 1967 – Poland – slide 6107 RG (coll. Hellers) 40. Nemapogon scholzi Sutter, 2000 – Paratype, Greece – slide 6976 RG (SMNK) a) paratype, Greece – same slide and slide 5415 RS (SDEI) 41. Nemapogon picarella (Clerck, 1759) – Germany – slide 6727 RG (SDEI) 42. Nemapogon nigralbella (Zeller, 1839) – without locality – slide 6729 RG (SDEI) 43. Nemapogon gliriella (Heyden, 1865) – without locality – slide 7 GP (SDEI) a) Slovenia–slide 5868 (coll. Gomboc) drawings, male genitalia 205

44

45

46 46a-g

44. Nemapogon sardicus Gaedike, 1983 – Italy: Sardinia – slide 6578 RG (coll. Lasan) 45. Nemapogon hispanica Petersen & Gaedike, 1992 – Spain – slide 6110 RG (Coll. Hellers) 46. Nemapogon signatellus Petersen, 1957 – Croatia – slides 2388, 6430 RG (SDEI; coll. Schmitz) a) Greece – slide 5829 RG (coll. Schmitz); b) Greece – slide 6421 RG (coll. Schmitz); c) Libanon – slide 2108 GP (SDEI); d) Libanon – slide 2124 GP (SDEI); e) Montenegro – slide 1438 GP (SDEI); f) Croatia – slide 5035 RG (SDEI); g) Bulgaria – slide 7397 RG (SDEI) 206 chapter 6

47a,b

47

48

48e-h

48a-d

47. Nemapogon quercicolella (Zeller, 1852) – without locality – slides 1638 GP; 6972 RG (SDEI) a); b) same slides 48. Nemapogon ruricolella (Stainton, 1849) – France – slide 6106 (coll. Hellers) a); f) Romania – slide 365 GP (SDEI); b); g) Albania – slide 1660 GP (SDEI); c) Italia – slide 5030 RG (SDEI); d) Italia – slide 2969 GP (SDEI); e) Italy – slide 2370 GP (SDEI); h) Italy – slide 5590 RG (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 207

50 49

51 53

53a-f

49. Nemapogon clematella (Fabricius, 1781) – Germany slide 6974 RG (SDEI) 50. Nemapogon lagodechiellus Zagulajev, 1962 – Georgia – slide 7844 RG (coll. Jaworski) 51. Nemapogon gerasimovi Zagulajev, 1961 – Denmark – slide 7363 RG (SDEI) 52. Still Unkown 53. Nemapogon granella (Linnaeus, 1758) – Germany – slide 1268 GP (SDEI) a) Germany – slide 1167 RG (SDEI); b) Germany – slide 68 GP (SDEI); c) Germany – slide 1207 GP (SDEI); d) Germany – slide 2405 RG (SDEI); e) without locality – slide 926 GP (SDEI); f) Germany – slide 70 GP (SDEI) 208 chapter 6

54 54a

55a,b 55

56 56a-c

54. Nemapogon variatella (Clemens, 1859) – Croatia – slide 6449 RG (ZMHB) a) Denmark – slide 7733 RG (coll. Palm) 55. Nemapogon somchetiella Zagulajev, 1961 – Armenia – slide 3270 GP (according to Gaedike, 2009) (SDEI) a) Italy – slide 6083 RG (coll. Grünewald); b) Italy – slide 6072 RG (SDEI) 56. Nemapogon levantinus Petersen, 1961 – Greece – slide 2961 GP (SDEI) [uncus-tegumen-vinculum]; Greece: Crete – slide 6552 RG (ZMUC) [valva, phallus] a) Greece: Crete – slide 6552 RG (ZMUC); b) Turkey – slide 3104 RG (SDEI); c) Greece – slide 2961 GP (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 209

57 58

59 59a,b

60 63

57. Nemapogon caucasicus (Zagulajev, 1964) – Holotype, Georgia – No 8522 Zagulajev, in vial (ZIN) 58. Nemapogon meridionella (Zagulajev, 1962) – Iran – slide 6345 RG (IRIPP) 59. Nemapogon orientalis Petersen, 1961 – Greece: Crete – slide 6140 RG (RMNH) a) Israel – slide 2261 GP (SDEI); b) Greece: Crete – slide 5550 RG (SDEI) 60. Nemapogon falstriella (Haas, 1881) – Denmark – slide 7090 RG (ZMUC) 63. Triaxomasia caprimulgella (Stainton, 1851) – Germany – slide 104 GP (SDEI) 210 chapter 6

64

65 64a

65a-b 66

67 67a-b

64. Gaedikeia kokkariensis Sutter, 1998 – Greece – slide 7380 RG (SDEI) a) paratype, Greece – slide 3812 RS (SDEI) 65. Neurothaumasia ankerella (Mann, 1867) – Iran – slide 3072 GP (SDEI); Hungary – slide 122 GP (SDEI) a) Hungary – slide 3094 GP (SDEI); b) without locality – slide 123 GP (SDEI) 66. Neurothaumasia ragusaella (Wocke, 1889) – Morocco – slide 3091 GP (SDEI) 67. Neurothaumasia macedonica Petersen, 1962 – Turkey – slide 1726 RG (SDEI) [uncus-tegumen-­ vinculum]; Greece: – slide 2940 GP (SDEI) [valvae] a) Greece – slide 2940 GP (SDEI); b) Greece – slide 2913 GP (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 211

68 69

70 70a

71

68. Neurothaumasia tenuipennella Gaedike, 2011 – Paratypes, Greece: Crete – slides 6556, 6694 RG (ZMUC; SDEI) (according to Gaedike, 2011) 69. Tenaga nigripunctella (Haworth, 1828) – Spain – slide 1202 GP (SDEI); Portugal: Madeira Island: – slide 4727 RG (ZMUC) [phallus] 70. Tenaga rhenania (Petersen, 1962) – Germany – slide 1809 GP (SDEI); Spain – slide 3849 RG (SDEI) [phallus] a) slide 1809 [last sternit] 71. Matratinea rufulicaput Sziraki & Szöcs, 1990 – Greece – slide 7237 RG (SDEI) 212 chapter 6

72 72a,b

74a

74

73

76

72. Eudarcia pagenstecherella (Hübner, 1825) – Germany – slide 7488 RG (SDEI) a), b) Germany – slide 7509 RG (SDEI) 73. Eudarcia herculanella (Capuşe, 1966) – Paratype, Romania – slide 7542 RG (SDEI) 74. Eudarcia leopoldella (Costa, 1832) – France – slides 7085, 7492 RG (SDEI) a) Italy – slide 402 GP (SDEI) 76. Eudarcia richardsoni (Walsingham, 1900) – Great Britain – slide 1548 GP (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 213

77 78

79 78a

80

77. Eudarcia vacriensis (Parenti, 1964) – Italy – slide 319 GP (SDEI) 78. Eudarcia nigraella (Mariani, 1937) – Tunisia – slide 5831 RG (coll. Roweck) a) Italy: Sicily – slide 2163 GP (SDEI) 79. Eudarcia nerviella (Amsel, 1954) – Italy – slide 7510 RG (SDEI) 80. Eudarcia mensella (Walsingham, 1900) – Holotype, France: Corsica – slide 4583 (BMNH) a) France: Corsica – slide 355 GP (SDEI) 214 chapter 6

82 81

84 84a

83

85a 85

81. Eudarcia palanfreella Baldizzone & Gaedike, 2004 – Holotype, Italy – slide 13158 GB (coll. Baldizzone) 82. Eudarcia brachyptera (Passerin d'Entrèves, 1974) – Paratype, Italy – slide 7489 RG (SDEI) 83. Eudarcia gallica (Petersen, 1962) – France – slide 1859 GP (SDEI) 84. Eudarcia alberti (Amsel, 1957) – Portugal – slide 6243 RG (coll. Roweck) a) Spain – slide 5009 RG (SDEI) 85. Eudarcia hellenica Gaedike, 2007 – Holotype, Greece – slide 3959 RG (ZMUC) (according to Gaedike, 2007) a) paratype, Greece – slide 3955 RG (ZMUC) (according to Gaedike, 2007) drawings, male genitalia 215

86 87

88a 88 89

89a 90

86. Eudarcia atlantica Henderickx, 1995 – Portugal: Azores – slide 6850 RG (SDEI) 87. Eudarcia sardoa (Passerin d’Entrèves, 1978) – Holotype, Italy: Sardinia – slide 1016 Passerin d’Entréves (coll. Passerin d’Entrèves) 88. Eudarcia melitensis Gaedike & Zerafa, 2010 – Paratype, Malta – slide 6734 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike & Zerafa, 2010) a) Malta - slide 6734 RG (SDEI) 89. Eudarcia hedemanni (Rebel, 1899) – Italy – slide 1852 GP (SDEI) (according to Gaedike, 1985) a) Italy – slide 3561 BB (coll. Bengtsson) (according to Gaedike, 1997a) 90. Eudarcia graecum (Gaedike, 1985) – Greece – slide 2578 RG (coll. Baldizzone) (according to Gaedike, 1985) 216 chapter 6

91 92

93 94

95 95a-d

91. Eudarcia derrai (Gaedike, 1983) – Malta – slide 6733 RG (SDEI) 92. Eudarcia dalmaticum (Gaedike, 1988) – Holotype, Croatia – slide 2907 RG (coll. Baldizzone) (according to Gaedike, 1988) 93. Eudarcia fibigeri Gaedike, 1997 – Holotype, Greece – slide 3958 RG (ZMUC) (according to Gaedike, 1997b) 94. Eudarcia moreae (Petersen & Gaedike, 1983) – Paratype, Greece – slide 2207 RG (SDEI) (according to Petersen & Gaedike, 1983) 95. Eudarcia balcanicum (Gaedike, 1988) – Greece – slide 6447 RG (coll. Schmitz) a) Greece – slide 6870 RG (FMNH); b) Greece – slide 6911 RG (FMNH); c) Greece – slide 6867 RG (FMNH); d) Holotype, Greece – slide 2971 RG (NMW) drawings, male genitalia 217

96 97

97a-f 98 98a

99a 99

96. Eudarcia echinatum (Petersen & Gaedike, 1985) – Holotype, Cyprus – slide 2685 RG (NMW) (according to Petersen & Gaedike, 1985) 97. Eudarcia forsteri (Petersen, 1964) – Turkey – slide 2331 GP (SDEI) a) Greece – slide 6444 RG (SDEI); b) Turkey – slide 2332 GP (SDEI); c) Greece – slide 6864 RG (FMNH); d) Bulgaria – slide 1930 RG (SDEI); e) Greece – slide 6861 RG (FMNH); f) Greece – slide 6872 RG (SDEI) 98. Eudarcia granulatella (Zeller, 1852) – Croatia: Castelnuovo – slide 367 GP (SDEI) a) Montenegro: Herzegnovi – slide 2698 RG (SDEI) 99. Eudarcia confusella (Heydenreich, 1851) – Slovenia – slide 6078 RG (coll. Deutsch) a) Italy – slide 6311 RG (SDEI) 218 chapter 6

100

101

102 103

104

105

100. Eudarcia kasyi (Petersen, 1971) – Greece – slide 6912 RG (SDEI) 101. Eudarcia romanum (Petersen, 1958) – Italy – slide GP (ZMHB) (according to Petersen, 1958b) 102. Eudarcia aureliani (Capuşe, 1967) – Romania – slide 2645 GP (SDEI) 103. Eudarcia croaticum (Petersen, 1962) – Croatia – slide 1551 GP (HNHM) (according to Petersen, 1962b) 104. Eudarcia holtzi (Rebel, 1902) – Greece – slide 2292 GP (SDEI) 105. Eudarcia glaseri (Petersen, 1967) – Paratype, Spain – slide 2178 GP (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 219

106 107

108a 108 109

110 110a

106. Eudarcia armatum (Gaedike, 1985) – Holotype, Greece – slide 2634 RG (ZMUC) (according to Gaedike, 1985) 107. Eudarcia montanum (Gaedike, 1985) – Holotype, Greece – slide 2589 RG (coll. Baldizzone) (according to Gaedike, 1985) 108. Eudarcia sutteri Gaedike, 1997 – Holotype, Greece – slide 4751 RG (SMNK) (according to Gaedike, 1997b) a) paratype, Greece: Rhodos – slide 4752 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike, 1997b) 109. Eudarcia verkerki Gaedike & Henderickx, 1999 – Paratype, Greece – slide 4965 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike & Henderickx, 1999) 110. Eudarcia lobata (Petersen & Gaedike, 1979) – Cyprus – slide 7640 RG (SDEI) a) Cyprus – slide 6541 RG (SDEI) 220 chapter 6

111

112 112a 112b,c

112d-g 112h

113

111. Infurcitinea nigropluviella (Walsingham, 1907) – Greece – slide 7258 RG (SDEI) 112. Infurcitinea rumelicella (Rebel, 1903) – Turkey – slide 5441 RG (ZMUC) a) Turkmenistan – slide 5448 RG (ZMUC); b) Turkey – slide 5419 RG (ZMUC); c) Armenia – slide 7651 RG (ZMUC); d) Macedonia – slide 3834 RG (SDEI); e) Turkey – slide 3810 RG (SDEI); f) Macedonia – slide 1189 GP (SDEI); g) Turkey – slide 3811 RG (SDEI); h) Portugal – slide 3164 RG (ZMUC) 113. Infurcitinea sardica (Amsel, 1952) – Holotype of I. baldizzonei, Italy – slide 4316 GB (coll. Baldizzone) (according to Gaedike, 1983a [under I. baldizzonei]) drawings, male genitalia 221

115 114

116a,b 116

118

117

114. Infurcitinea graeca Gaedike, 1983 – Holotype, Greece – slide 2340 RG (ZMUC) (according to Gaedike, 1983a; Petersen & Gaedike, 1983) 115. Infurcitinea rebeliella (Krone, 1907) – Croatia – slide 369 GP (SDEI) 116. Infurcitinea tauridella Petersen, 1968 – Greece – slide 7252 RG (SDEI) a) Greece – slide 2394 RG (SDEI); b) Greece – slide 7251 RG (SDEI) 117. Infurcitinea banatica Petersen, 1961 – Greece – slide 6670 RG (ZMUC) 118. Infurcitinea litochorella Petersen, 1964 – Greece – slide 6137 RG (RMNH) 222 chapter 6

120 119

121 122

122 123

119. Infurcitinea captans Gozmány, 1960 – Croatia – slide 6964 RG (coll. Stübner) 120. Infucitinea kasyi Petersen, 1962 – Greece – slide 6650 RG (coll. Schmitz) 121. Infucitinea albanica Petersen, 1963 – Paratype, Albania – slide 1705 GP (SDEI) 122. Infurcitinea roesslerella (Heyden, 1865) – France slide 1973 GP (SDEI) 123. Infurcitinea tribertii Gaedike, 1983 – Greece – slide 6440 RG (coll. Schmitz) drawings, male genitalia 223

125 124

127

126

129 128

130

124. Infucitinea gaedikei Baldizzone, 1984 – Spain – slide 7560 RG (coll. Roweck) 125. Infurcitinea ignicomella (Heydenreich, 1851) – Germany – slide 7710 RG (SDEI) 126. Infurcitinea corleyi Gaedike, 2011 – Holotype, Portugal – slide 7382 RG (SDEI) 127. Infurcitinea belviella Gaedike, 1980 – Holotype, Italy – slide 2027 RG (HNHM) (according to Gaedike, 1980) 128. Infurcitinea piozi Varenne & Nel, 2009 – Holotype, France: Corsica – slide 23366 Varenne (coll. Varenne) 129. Infurcitinea corsica Gaedike, 2010 – Holotype, France: Corsica – slide 5421 RG (ZMUC) (according to Gaedike, 2010) 130. Infurcitinea albulella (Rebel, 1935) – Spain – slide 3061 RG (NMW) (according to Gaedike, 1988) 224 chapter 6

131 131a

132

133

134 135

131. Infurcitinea sardiniella Vari, 1942 – Italy: Sardinia – slide 2024 RG (SDEI) a) France: Corsica – slide 182 GP (SDEI) 132. Infurcitinea minuscula Gozmány, 1960 – Holotype, Spain – slide 1133 LG (HNHM) (according to Petersen, 1964c) 133. Infurcitinea klimeschi Passerin d’Entrèves, 1974 – France – slide 6141 RG (RMNH) 134. Infurcitinea parentii Petersen, 1964 – Italy – slide 5281 RG (coll. Baldizzone) 135. Infurcitinea siciliana Petersen, 1964 – Italy: Sicily – slide 1856 RG (SDEI) a) same slide drawings, male genitalia 225

136

137

137a 138

138a-d 139

136. Infurcitinea marcunella (Rebel, 1901) – Spain – slide 6705 RG (ZMUC) 137. Infurcitinea frustigerella (Walsingham, 1907) – Cyprus – slide 3600 RG (SDEI) a) Morocco: – slide 6182 RG (ZMUC) 138. Infurcitinea italica (Amsel, 1954) – Spain – slide 7079 RG (SDEI) a) Spain – slide 7080 RG (SDEI); b) Spain – slide 3036 RG (SDEI); c) Spain – slide 1964 GP (SDEI); d) Portugal – slide 7082 RG (SDEI) 139. Infurcitinea cyprica Petersen & Gaedike, 1985 – Holotype, Cyprus – slide 2673 RG (NMW) (according to Petersen & Gaedike, 1985) 226 chapter 6

140 141

142 142

142a 143

140. Infurcitinea taurus Gaedike, 1988 – Holotype, Greece – slide 3264 RG (NMW) (according to Gaedike, 1988) 141. Infurcitinea turcica Petersen, 1968 – Turkey – slide 1684 RG (SDEI) 142. Infurcitinea hellenica Gaedike, 1997 – Holotype, Greece – slide 4624 RS (SMNK) (according to Gaedike, 1997) a) Greece – slide 5818 RG (SDEI) 143. Infurcitinea atrifasciella (Staudinger, 1871) – Spain – slide 2052 GP (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 227

145 144

146

146

147

147

147a

144. Infurcitinea teriolella (Amsel, 1954) – Italy – slide 1946 GP (SDEI) 145. Infurcitinea yildizae Koçak, 1981 – Italy – slide 368 GP (SDEI) 146. Infurcitinea walsinghami Petersen, 1962 – Paratype, France – slide 1369 GP (SDEI) 147. Infurcitinea gaedikella Nel, 2003 – Holotype, France – slide 15326 JN (TLMF) a) paratype, France – slide 6008 JN (TLMF) 228 chapter 6

148 149

150 150a

152 151

148. Infurcitinea vartianae Petersen, 1962 – Holotype, Spain – slide 1611 GP (NMW) (according to Petersen, 1962b) 149. Infurcitinea peterseni Baldizzone, 1984 – Spain – slide 2806 RG (SDEI) 150. Infurcitinea reisseri Petersen, 1968 – Paratype, Greece: Crete – slide 2291 GP (SDEI) a) Greece: Crete – slide 6546 RG (SDEI) 151. Infurcitinea iberica Gaedike, 2010 – Holotype, Spain – slide 5601 RG (SDEI) 152. Infurcitinea karadaghica Zagulajev, 1979 – Armenia – slide 1912 RG (NMW) drawings, male genitalia 229

153 153a

154 155

155

153. Infurcitinea albicomella (Stainton, 1851) – Austria – slide 140 GP (SDEI) a) Croatia – slide 7819 RG (ZMHB) 154. Infurcitinea lakoniae Gaedike, 1983 – Holotype, Greece – slide 2190 RG (HNHM) (according to Gaedike, 1983) 155. Infurcitinea vanderwolfi Gaedike, 1997 – Holotype, Greece – slide 4144 RG (coll. van der Wolf) (according to Gaedike, 1997a) 230 chapter 6

156

156

157 157a 158

158

156. Infurcitinea arenbergeri Gaedike, 1988 – Holotype, Greece – slide 3258 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike, 1988) 157. Infurcitinea olympica Petersen, 1958 – Greece – slide 1945 GP (SDEI) (according to Gaedike, 2010) a) Greece – slide 1944 GP (SDEI) (according to Gaedike, 2010) 158. Infurcitinea romanica Capuşe, 1966 – Romania – slide 6675 RG (ZMUC) (according to Gaedike, 2010) drawings, male genitalia 231

159 159a,b

160 161

161a 161b,c

161d-f 161g 159. Infurcitinea ochridella Petersen, 1962 – Greece – slide 5827 RG (coll. Schmitz) a) Greece – slide 5392 (ZMUC); b) paratype, Macedonia – slide 1183 GP (SDEI) 160. Infurcitinea parnassiella Gaedike, 1987 – Holotype, Greece – slide 2962 RG (NMW) (according to Gaedike, 1987) 161. Infurcitinea finalis Gozmány, 1959 – Bulgaria – slide 2805 RG (SDEI) a), e) Italyl – slide 1471 GP (SDEI); b), f) Austria – slide 3212 RG (SDEI); c), d) Spain – slide 5400 RG (ZMUC); g) Greece – slide 3262 RG (SDEI) 232 chapter 6

162 162

163 163

164 164 165

162. Infurcitinea argentimaculella (Stainton, 1849) – Germany – slide 7704 RG (SDEI) 163. Infurcitinea monteiroi Amsel, 1957 – Paratype, Portugal – slide 964 GP (SDEI) 164. Infurcitinea karsholti Gaedike, 1992 – Holotype, Greece – slide 3952 RG (ZMUC) (according to Gaedike, 1992) 165. Infurcitinea toechophila (Walsingham, 1908) – Spain: Canary Islands – slide 6766 RG (coll. Werno) drawings, male genitalia 233

166a-c

166

166d-f 166g-i

166j-k 166l-m

166. Lichenotinea pustulatella (Zeller, 1852) – Italy – slide 949 GP (SDEI) a) Italy – slide 947 GP (ZMHB); b) Spain – slide 7554 RG (coll. Roweck); c) Greece – slide 7577 RG (coll. Schmitz); d) holotype of L. maculata, Germany – slide 888 GP (ISZP); e) Spain – slide 7497 (coll. Šumpich); f) Greece – slide 4746 RG (SDEI); g) Greece – slide 7514 (SDEI); h) Italy – slide 5446 RG (ZMUC); i) France – slide 3168 RG (ZMUC); j) Germany – slide 1971 GP (SDEI); k) Switzerland – slide 32 GP (SDEI); l) France – slide 1975 GP (SDEI); m) Switzerland – slide 1970 GP (SDEI) 234 chapter 6

168 167a 167

169

170

171

172

167. Ischnoscia borreonella (Millière, 1874) – Germany – slide 356 GP (SDEI) a) France – slide 7444 RG (ZMUC) 168. Novotinea muricolella (Fuchs, 1879) – Spain – slide 6682 RG (ZMUC) 169. Novotinea liguriella Amsel, 1950 – Italy – slide 5213 RG (SDEI) a) same slide 170. Novotinea klimeschi (Rebel, 1940) – Croatia – slide 6224 RG (coll. Seliger) 171. Novotinea mistrettae Parenti, 1966 – Italy: Sicily – slide 7806 RG (ZSM) 172. Novotinea carbonifera (Walsingham, 1900) – France: Corsica – slide 5375 RG (coll. Keller) Valva: Italy: Sardinia – slide 1689 RG (SDEI) drawings, male genitalia 235

173 173a 174

174a,b 175

176

173. Novotinea albarracinella Petersen, 1967 – France – slide 6752 RG (ZMUC) a) Spain – slide 4745 RG (SDEI) 174. Novotinea andalusiella Petersen, 1964 – Paratype, Spain – slide 957 GP (SDEI) a), b) Spain – slide 6700 RG (ZMUC) 175. Stenoptinea cyaneimarmorella (Millière, 1854) – Protugal: Madeira island – slide 4722 RG (NMW) 176. Karsholtia marianii (Rebel, 1936) – Denmark – slide 2918 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike, 1986b) 236 chapter 6

177 178

179 180

177. Agnathosia mendicella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – China – slide 4986 RG (SDEI) 178. Agnathosia sandoeensis Jonasson, 1977 – Paratype, Sweden – slide 546 JÅJ (coll. Jonasson) 179. Xystrologa grenadella (Walsingham, 1897) – Germany – slide 7805 RG (SDEI) 180. Novotinea reinhardella Nel, 2014 – Spain: Canary Island Fuerteventura – slide 8293 RG (coll. Stübner) chapter 7 Drawings, Female Genitalia

1 2

3 4

1. Dryadaula caucasica (Zagulajev, 1970) – Russia – slide 4864 RG (FMNH) 2. Dryadaula zinica (Zagulajev, 1970) – Paratype, Azerbaijan – in vial (ZIN) 3. Dryadaula irinae (Savenkov, 1989) – Latvia – in vial (Coll. Savenkovs) 4. Dryadaula minuta Gaedike, 2007 – Paratype, Turkey: – slide 5085 RG (ZMHB) (according to Gaedike, 2007)

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5 6

8

7

5. Dryadaula heindeli Gaedike & Scholz, 1998 – Paratype, Germany – slide 4961 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike & Scholz, 1998) 6. Dryadaula pactolia Meyrick, 1901 – Germany – slide 1001 GP (SDEI) 7. Dryadaula hellenica (Gaedike, 1988) – Greece – slide 5728 RG (SDEI) 8. Dryadaula nedae (Gaedike, 1983) – Paratype, Greece – slide 7752 RG (coll. Baldizzone) drawings, female genitalia 239

9 10

14 15

9. Hapsifera luridella Zeller, 1847 – Afghanistan – slide 7642 RG (SDEI) 10. Rhodobates unicolor (Staudinger, 1871) – Greece – slide 3239 GP (SDEI) 14. Euplocamus anthracinalis (Scopoli, 1763) – Romania – slide 204 GP (SDEI) 15. Euplocamus ophisa (Cramer, 1779) – Macedonia – slide 6631 RG (SDEI) 240 chapter 7

16 17

18 19

16. Montescardia tessulatellus (Zeller, 1846) – without locality – slide 6626 RG (SDEI) 17. Scardia boletella (Fabricius, 1794) – Latvia – slide 1818 GP (SDEI) 18. Morophaga morellus (Duponchel, 1838) – without locality – slide 3257 GP (SDEI) 19. Morophaga choragella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – Morocco – slide 6304 RG (coll. Keller) drawings, female genitalia 241

20 21

22 23

20. Triaxomera fulvimitrella (Sodoffsky, 1830) – Russia – slides 111, 113 GP (SDEI) 21. Triaxomera baldensis Petersen, 1983 – Paratype, Italy – slide 2948 GP (SDEI) 22. Triaxomera marsica Petersen, 1984 – Italy – slide 1163 Johansson (ZMUC) 23. Triaxomera parasitella (Hübner, 1796) – Greece – slide 5767 RG (coll. Bettag) 242 chapter 7

24 25

25a 26 26a-c

24. Archinemapogon yildizae Koçak, 1981 –Germany – slide 82 GP (SDEI) 25. Nemaxera betulinella (Paykull, 1785) – Croatia – slide 93 GP (SDEI) a) Russia – slide 4883 RG (FMNH) 26. Nemapogon nevadella (Caradja, 1920) – Spain – slide 2792 RG (SDEI) a) Spain – slide 3991 RG (SDEI); b) Spain – slide 2044 GP (SDEI); c) Spain – slide 5538 RG (SDEI) drawings, female genitalia 243

27 27a

29a

28 29

27. Nemapogon inconditella (Lucas, 1956) – Greece – slide 2984 RG (SDEI) a) Italy – slide 6108 RG (coll. Hellers) 28. Nemapogon agenjoi Petersen, 1959 – Spain – slide 2793 RG (SDEI) 29. Nemapogon palmella (Chrétien, 1908) – Spain: Canary Islands – slide 2853 GP (SDEI) a) Spain: Canary Islands – slide 2851 GP (SDEI) 244 chapter 7

30 31

32 32a-f

33

30. Nemapogon reisseri Petersen & Gaedike, 1983 – Greece: Crete – slide 6133 RG (RMNH) 31. Nemapogon gravosaella Petersen, 1957 – Greece – slide 6419 RG (coll. Schmitz) 32. Nemapogon arenbergeri Gaedike, 1986 – Paratype, Turkey – slide 2841 RG (according to Gaedike, 1986a) (NMW) a) - f) paratypes, higher magnification: Turkey – slides 2844, 2829, 2846, 2842, 2843, 2841 RG (SDEI; NMW) 33. Nemapogon anatolica Gaedike, 1986 – Paratype, Turkey – slide 2858 (according to Gaedike, 1986a) (NMW) drawings, female genitalia 245

35a 34a

34 35

36 37

34. Nemapogon arcosuensis Gaedike, 2007 – Italy: Sardinia mer. – slide 5254 RG (coll. Triberti) (according to Gaedike, 2007) a) Italy: Sardinia mer., same slide: higher magnification 35. Nemapogon cyprica Gaedike, 1986 – Paratype, Cyprus – slide 2681 RG (NMW) (according to Gaedike, 1986a) a) ostium lip – higher magnification – slide 2681 RG (NMW) (according to Gaedike, 2007) 36. Nemapogon hungaricus Gozmány, 1960 – Greece – slide 2295 RG (SDEI) 37. Nemapogon fungivorella (Benander, 1939) – Germany – slide 2319 GP (SDEI) 246 chapter 7

38 38a,b

38c,d

39 40

38. Nemapogon cloacella (Haworth, 1828) – Germany – slide 5011 RG (SDEI) a) Germany – slide 2227 GP (SDEI); b) Germany – slide 7621 RG (coll. Hellers); c) Germany – slide 38 GP (SDEI); d) Germany – slide 6567 RG (coll. Wittland) 39. Nemapogon koenigi Capuşe, 1967 – Switzerland – slide 1726 GP (SDEI) 40. Nemapogon scholzi Sutter, 2000 – Paratype, Greece – slide 5417 RS (SMNK) drawings, female genitalia 247

41 42

43 44

41. Nemapogon picarella (Clerck, 1759) – Germany – slide 6728 RG (SDEI) 42. Nemapogon nigralbella (Zeller, 1839) – without locality – slide 6730 RG (SDEI) 43. Nemapogon gliriella (Heyden, 1865) – Germany – slide 4497 RG (SDEI) 44. Nemapogon sardicus Gaedike, 1983 – Italy: Sardinia – slide 2038 RG (SDEI) 248 chapter 7

45

46 46a-d

45. Nemapogon hispanica Petersen & Gaedike, 1992 – Paratype, Spain – slide 4043 RG (SDEI) 46. Nemapogon signatellus Petersen, 1957 – Dalmatia- slide 2063 GP (SDEI) a) Bulgaria – slide 2666 GP (SDEI); b) Albania – slide 1661 GP (SDEI); c) Italy – slide 6623 RG (SDEI); d) Turkey – slide 2836 RG (SDEI) drawings, female genitalia 249

47 48

49 50

47. Nemapogon quercicolella (Zeller, 1852) – Germany – slide 6973 RG (SDEI) 48. Nemapogon ruricolella (Stainton, 1849) – Spain – slide 6707 RG (ZMUC) 49. Nemapogon clematella (Fabricius, 1781) – without locality – slide 162 GP (SDEI) 50. Nemapogon lagodechiellus Zagulajev, 1962 – Turkey – slide 2782 RG (according Gaedike, 1986a under N. teberdella) (NMW) 250 chapter 7

51 51a,b

52 53

51. Nemapogon gerasimovi Zagulajev, 1961 – Denmark – slide 7364 RG (SDEI) a) Denmark – slide 7378 RG (SDEI); b) Kirgizija – slide 7379 RG (SDEI) 52. Nemapogon scutifera Gaedike, 2007 – Paratype, Turkey – slide 2784 RG (SMNK) (according to Gaedike, 2007) 53. Nemapogon granella (Linnaeus, 1758) – Germany – slide 1170 GP (SDEI) drawings, female genitalia 251

54 54a-c

55 57

54. Nemapogon variatella (Clemens, 1859) – Greece – slide 6174 RG (RMNH) a) without locality – slide 1639 GP (SDEI); b) Germany- slide 1460 GP (SDEI); c) Hungary – slide 1967 GP (SDEI) 55. Nemapogon somchetiella Zagulajev, 1961 – Italy – slide 7517 RG (according to Gaedike, 2011b) (coll. Baldizzone) 57. Nemapogon caucasicus (Zagulajev, 1964) – Russia: Caucasus – slide 2783 GP (SDEI) 252 chapter 7

58 59

60 63

58. Nemapogon meridionella (Zagulajev, 1962) – Russia: Caucasus – slide 7359 RG (SDEI) 59. Nemapogon orientalis Petersen, 1961 – Israel – slide 2262 GP (SDEI) 60. Nemapogon falstriella (Haas, 1881) – Denmark – slide 7069 RG (SDEI) 63. Triaxomasia caprimulgella (Stainton, 1851) – Switzerland – slide 6026 RG (coll. Seliger) drawings, female genitalia 253

64 65

66 67

64. Gaedikeia kokkariensis Sutter, 1998 – Cyprus – slide 6539 RG (ZMUC) 65. Neurothaumasia ankerella (Mann, 1867) – Poland – slide 3092 GP (SDEI) 66. Neurothaumasia ragusaella (Wocke, 1889) – Algeria – slide 3089 GP (SDEI) 67. Neurothaumasia macedonica Petersen, 1962 – Iran – slide 1639 RG (SDEI) 254 chapter 7

68

70 70a-d 69 69a

68. Neurothaumasia tenuipennella Gaedike, 2011 – Paratype, Greece – slide 7235 RG (FMNH) (according to Gaedike, 2011a) 69. Tenaga nigripunctella (Haworth, 1828) – Portugal: Madeira- slide 4724 RG (ZMUC) a) signum in higher magnification 70. Tenaga rhenania (Petersen, 1962) – Paratype, Germany – slide 358 GP (SDEI) signum in higher magnification: a) same slide 358; b) Spain – slide 2048 GP (SDEI); c) Germany – slide 1812 GP (SDEI); d) France: Corsica – slide 5420 RG (ZMUC) drawings, female genitalia 255

71 72

74a

73 74

71. Matratinea rufulicaput Sziraki & Szöcs, 1990 – Bulgaria – slide 5650 RG (ZFMK) (according to Gaedike, 2011a) 72. Eudarcia pagenstecherella (Hübner, 1825) – Germany – slide 354 GP (SDEI) 73. Eudarcia herculanella (Capuşe, 1966) – Slovenia – slide 2 GB (coll. Baldizzone) 74. Eudarcia leopoldella (Costa, 1832) – France – slide 7491 RG (SDEI) a) Italy – slide 1759 RG (SDEI) 256 chapter 7

76 78

79

76. Eudarcia richardsoni (Walsingham, 1900) – Great Britain – slide 7493 RG (SDEI) 78. Eudarcia nigraella (Mariani, 1937) – Italy: Sardinia – slide 13735 GB (SDEI) 79. Eudarcia nerviella (Amsel, 1954) – Italy – slide 7511 RG (SDEI) drawings, female genitalia 257

81 82

83 84

81. Eudarcia palanfreella Baldizzone & Gaedike, 2004 – Italy – slide 13573 GB (SDEI) 82. Eudarcia brachyptera (Passerin d’Entrèves, 1974) – Paratype, Italy – slide 7490 RG (SDEI) 83. Eudarcia gallica (Petersen, 1962) – Andorra – slide 7543 WS (coll. Sauter) 84. Eudarcia alberti (Amsel, 1957) – Spain – slide 7565 RG (coll. Roweck) 258 chapter 7

86 87

88 89

86. Eudarcia atlantica Henderickx, 1995 – Paratype, Portugal: Azores Islands – slide 154 Henderickxs (SDEI) 87. Eudarcia sardoa (Passerin d’Entrèves, 1978) – Paratype, Italy: Sardinia – slide Passerin d’Entrèves (according to Passerin d’Entrèves, 1978) 88. Eudarcia melitensis Gaedike & Zerafa, 2010 – Paratype, Malta – slide 6833 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike & Zerafa, 2010) 89. Eudarcia hedemanni (Rebel, 1899) – Italy – slide 1853 GP (SDEI) drawings, female genitalia 259

92 91

92a 94

91. Eudarcia derrai (Gaedike, 1983) – Malta – slide 6830 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike & Zerafa, 2010) 92. Eudarcia dalmaticum (Gaedike, 1988) – Croatia – slide 5015 RG (coll. Baldizzone) a) Croatia – slide 4471 RG (coll. Baldizzone) 94. Eudarcia moreae (Petersen & Gaedike, 1983) – Paratype, Greece – slide 2208 RG (SDEI) (according to Petersen & Gaedike, 1983) 260 chapter 7

96 98

99a

99 100

96. Eudarcia echinatum (Petersen & Gaedike, 1985) – Cyprus – slide 5107 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike, 2007) 97. Still Unkown 98. Eudarcia granulatella (Zeller, 1852) – Greece – slide 6854 RG (FMNH) 99. Eudarcia confusella (Heydenreich, 1851) – Slovenia – slide 6079 RG (coll. Deutsch) a) Italy – slide 1609 GP (SDEI) 100. Eudarcia kasyi (Petersen, 1971) – Bulgaria – slide 8122 RG (SDEI) drawings, female genitalia 261

102 103

104 105

102. Eudarcia aureliani (Capuşe, 1967) – Romania – slide 2646 GP (SDEI) 103. Eudarcia croaticum (Petersen, 1962) – Paratype, Croatia – slide 1552 GP (SDEI) 104. Eudarcia holtzi (Rebel, 1902) – Greece – slide 2210 RG (SDEI) 105. Eudarcia glaseri (Petersen, 1967) – Greece – slide 1936 GP (SDEI) 262 chapter 7

108 109

110 111

108. Eudarcia sutteri Gaedike, 1997 – Greece – slide 4967 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike & Henderickx, 1999) 109. Eudarcia verkerki Gaedike & Henderickx, 1999 – Paratype, Greece: Crete – slide 4966 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike & Henderickx, 1999) 110. Eudarcia lobata (Petersen & Gaedike, 1979) – Greece – slide 5108 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike, 2007) 111. Infurcitinea nigropluviella (Walsingham, 1907) – Turkey – slide 1676 RG (SDEI) drawings, female genitalia 263

114

112 114a

116 117

112. Infurcitinea rumelicella (Rebel, 1903) – Turkey – slide 3808 RG (SDEI) 114. Infurcitinea graeca Gaedike, 1983 – Grecce – slide 6664 RG (SDEI) a) Greece – slide 6905 RG (FMNH) 116. Infurcitinea tauridella Petersen, 1968 – Greece – slide 3092 RG (ZSM) 117. Infurcitinea banatica Petersen, 1961 – Macedonia- slide 3320 GB (SDEI) 264 chapter 7

119 120

122

125 125a

119. Infurcitinea captans Gozmány, 1960 – Italy – slide 4445 RG (SDEI) 120. Infucitinea kasyi Petersen, 1962 – Greece – slide 7896 RG (SDEI) 122. Infurcitinea roesslerella (Heyden, 1865) – Germany – slide 6399 RG (MNVD) 125. Infurcitinea ignicomella (Heydenreich, 1851) – Germany – slide 7709 RG (SDEI) a) Germany – slide 401 GP (SDEI) drawings, female genitalia 265

128 131

131a 134

128. Infurcitinea piozi Varenne & Nel, 2009 – Paratype, France: Corsica – slide 23381 Varenne (coll. Varenne) 131. Infurcitinea sardiniella Vari, 1942 – Italy – slide 7708 RG (SDEI) a) France – slide 181 GP (SDEI) 134. Infurcitinea parentii Petersen, 1964 – Spain – slide 902 ER (SDEI) 266 chapter 7

136 137

138 139

136. Infurcitinea marcunella (Rebel, 1901) – Spain – slide 7537 RG (ZMUC) 137. Infurcitinea frustigerella (Walsingham, 1907) – Tunisia – slide 3177 RG (SDEI) 138. Infurcitinea italica (Amsel, 1954) – Spain – slide 7086 RG (SDEI) 139. Infurcitinea cyprica Petersen & Gaedike, 1985 – Paratype, Cyprus – slide 2674 RG (SDEI) drawings, female genitalia 267

140a 140b-c 140

143

141

143a

140. Infurcitinea taurus Gaedike, 1988 – Greece- slide 3836 RG (SDEI) a) Greece – slide 5008 RG (SDEI); b) Greece – slide 2970 RG (SDEI); c) Greece – slide 3174 RG (SDEI) 141. Infurcitinea turcica Petersen, 1968 – Paratype, Turkey – slide 2337 GP (SDEI) 143. Infurcitinea atrifasciella (Staudinger, 1871) – Spain – slide 2760 RG (SDEI) a) Spain – slide 2053 GP (SDEI) 268 chapter 7

144 149

150 151

144. Infurcitinea teriolella (Amsel, 1954) – France – slide 6492 RG (SDEI) 149. Infurcitinea peterseni Baldizzone, 1984 – Spain – slide 7720 RG (Coll. Baldizzone) 150. Infurcitinea reisseri Petersen, 1968 – Greece: Crete – slide 6550 RG (ZMUC) 151. Infurcitinea iberica Gaedike, 2010 – Paratype, Spain – slide 6852 RG (ZMUC) (according to Gaedike, 2010) drawings, female genitalia 269

152

153 153a

154 154a

152. Infurcitinea karadaghica Zagulajev, 1979 – Armenia – slide 1913 RG (NMW) 153. Infurcitinea albicomella (Stainton, 1851) – Bulgaria – slide 2800 RG (SDEI) a) Italy – slide 1856 PG (SDEI) 154. Infurcitinea lakoniae Gaedike, 1983 – Paratype, Greece – slide 2193 RG (HNHM) (according to Gaedike, 1983a) a) paratype, (ventral view) Greece – slide 2198 RG (HNHM) (according to Gaedike, 1983a) 270 chapter 7

155 156

159 159a

155. Infurcitinea vanderwolfi Gaedike, 1997 – Croatia – slide 7512 RG (coll. Šumpich) (according to Gaedike, 2011b) 156. Infurcitinea arenbergeri Gaedike, 1988 – Paratype, Greece – slide 3259 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike, 1988) 159. Infurcitinea ochridella Petersen, 1962 – Greece – slide 6884 RG (FMNH) a) Greece – slide 6445 RG (SDEI) drawings, female genitalia 271

161 162

163 164

161. Infurcitinea finalis Gozmány, 1959 – Italy – slide 6526 RG (SDEI) 162. Infurcitinea argentimaculella (Stainton, 1849) – Germany – slide 7705 RG (SDEI) 163. Infurcitinea monteiroi Amsel, 1957 – Paratype, Portugal – slide 7719 RG (SMNK) 164. Infurcitinea karsholti Gaedike, 1992 – Greece – slide 7808 RG (ZSM) 272 chapter 7

165 166

167 168

165. Infurcitinea toechophila (Walsingham, 1908) – Spain: Canary Islands – slide 2303 GP (SMNK) 166. Lichenotinea pustulatella (Zeller, 1852) – Croatia – slide 5934 RG (coll. Baldizzone) 167. Ischnoscia borreonella (Millière, 1874) – Germany – slide 346 GP (SDEI) 168. Novotinea muricolella (Fuchs, 1879) – France – slide 6488 RG (MNHN) drawings, female genitalia 273

170 172

173 174

170. Novotinea klimeschi (Rebel, 1940) – Greece – slide 6802 RG (FMNH) 172. Novotinea carbonifera (Walsingham, 1900) – Italy: Sardinia, – slide 2021 RG (SDEI) 173. Novotinea albarracinella Petersen, 1967 – France – slide 6750 RG (SDEI) 174. Novotinea andalusiella Petersen, 1964 – Spain – slide 6758 RG (ZMUC) 274 chapter 7

175 176

177 178

175. Stenoptinea cyaneimarmorella (Millière, 1854) – Spain: Canary Islands – slide 7283 RG (coll. Werno) 176. Karsholtia marianii (Rebel, 1936) – Denmark – slide 2919 RG (SDEI) (according to Gaedike, 1986a) 177. Agnathosia mendicella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – Germany – slide 6527 RG (SDEI) 178. Agnathosia sandoeensis Jonasson, 1977 – Sweden – slide 7751 RG (SDEI) drawings, female genitalia 275

179 180

179. Xystrologa grenadella (Walsingham, 1897) – Germany – slide 7804 RG (SDEI) 180. Novotinea reinhardella Nel, 2014 – Spain: Canary Island Fuerteventura – slide 8301 RG (coll. Stübner)

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The numbers refer to the page numbers. Infurcitinea 110 Synonyms are in Italics. Ischnoscia 151

Abchagleris 81 Karsholtia 158 Achanodes 161 Agarica 27 Leptochersa 81 Agnathosia 159 Lichenotinea 149 Anemapogon 38 Lichenovora 78 Archimeessia 10 Longiductus 38 Archinemapogon 36 Atabyria 29 Macraeola 78 Atinea 111 Matratinea 80 Atris 111 Meessia 81 Microscardia 29 Brachys 81 Microtinea 111 Brosis 38 Montescardia 25 Morophaga 29 Celestica 156 Chliarostoma 20 Nemapogon 38 Chorocosma 10 Nemaxera 37 Choropleca 10 Neomeessia 81 Colchiromis 81 Neurothaumasia 74 Cyane 10 Nigris 81 Novotinea 151 Demobrotis 80 Nycterina 23 Diachalastis 10 Diaphtirusa 38 Ditrigonophora 10 Obesoceras 81 Dryadaula 10 Omichlospora 110 Duomitella 27 Opsodoca 10 Osphretica 29 Epichysia 23 Eudarcia 80 Paranemapogon 38 Euplocamus 23 Paraplutella 19 Euplocera 18 Petalographis 38 Protodarcia 81 Fernaldia 27 Pseudobesoceras 81 Finalis 111 Pseudohapsifera 18 Pseudorumelis 111 Gallura 74 Gaedikeia 73 Reinhardia 10 Gallis 81 Rhodobates 19 Gozmanytinea 111 Rumelis 111 Guenea 151 Scardia 27 Hapsifera 18 Slitereia 10 Haugresis 81 Stenoptinea 156 302 Index to Entomological Genus Names

Strophalinga 10 Triaxomera 32 Syrrhoaula 161 Trichocheila 23 Trichocheilia 23 Tenaga 78 Thermocrates 10 Xystrologa 161 Tineiforma 111 Tineodoxa 20 Zagulyaevella 81 Triaxomasia 72 Index to Entomological Species-Group Names

The numbers refer to the species number. baldizzonei 113 Synonyms are in Italics. baliopsamma 9 banatica 117 abchasicum 105 belviella 127 absconditella 137 betulinella 25 acerella 41 betulinella 25 africana 66 bifasciatella 66 agenjoi 28 boletella 17 albanica 121 boleti 17 albarracinella 173 boleti 19 alberti 84 borreonella 167 albicapilla 9 borshomi 31 albicapilla 153 brachyptera 82 albicomella 153 buckwelli 27 albicomella 153 burdigalensis 65 albulella 130 albipunctella 39 cacheticus 43 alpicella 122 cachetiellus 43 alticolella 61 canariensis 12 anatolica 33 caprimulgella 63 andalusiella 174 captans 119 angustipennis 175 carbonifera 172 ankerella 65 caucasica 1 anthracina 14 caucasicus 57 anthracinalis 14 choragella 19 anthracinella 14 clematea 49 antipathetica 179 clematella 49 apenninica (ssp. of klimeschi) 74 cloacella 38 apicipunctella 169 cochylidella 48 arcella 49 concinnella 25 arcosuensis 34 confusella 99 arcuatella 24 confusella 99 arenbergeri 32 confusella 117 arenbergeri 156 confusella 119 argentimaculella 162 corleyi 126 aritzoella 172 corsica 129 armatum 106 corticella 25 asiatica 9 costotristrigella 53 atlantica 86 croaticum 103 atrifasciella 143 cyaneimarmorella 175 aurantiella 15 cyprica 35 aureliani 102 cyprica 139 austriacella 177 cyrenaicensis 9 badiaria 9 daghestanica 75 balcanicum 95 dalmaticum 92 baldensis 21 danubiellum 99 304 Index to entomological species-group names derrai 91 hellenica 7 diasi 143 hellenica 85 domesticella 53 hellenica 142 herculanella 73 eburnea 9 heydeni 27 echinatum 96 hispanellus 26 emiliana (ssp. of klimeschi) 74 hispanellus 28 emortuella 25 hispanica 45 holtzi 100 falstriella 60 holtzi 104 fenestrella 53 hungaricus 36 fibigeri 93 hungaricus 27 finalis 161 flavicapilla 125 iberica 151 flavimaculella 177 ibericus 43 forsteri 97 igaloensis 166 friedeli 11 ignicomella 125 frustigerella 137 ignicomella 125 fuesslinaria 14 inconditella 27 fuesslinella 14 infimella 38 fulvimitrella 20 infimella 54 fungella 19 inornata 67 fungicolella (f. of morellus) 18 irinae 3 fungivorella 37 italica 138 fuscalbella 62 fuscicomella 53 juliae 116 fuscomaculella 53 karadaghica 152 gaedikei 124 karsholti 164 gaedikella 147 kasyi 100 gallica 83 kasyi 120 georgicus 50 kerbelella 9 georgiellus 50 klimeschi 74 gerasimovi 51 klimeschi 133 geratocoma 65 klimeschi 170 glaseri 105 koenigi 39 gliriella 43 kokkariensis 64 gomerae (ssp. of pinkeri) 13a graecum 90 lagodechiellus 50 graeca 114 lakoniae 154 graeca 114 laterella 24 granella 53 leopoldella 74 granulatella 98 levantinus 56 gravosaella 31 libanoticum 104 gravosaellus 46 liguriella 169 grenadella 179 linobola 69 litochorella 118 hedemanni 89 lobata 110 heindeli 5 lunatella 176 index to entomological species-group names 305 luridella 9 olympica 157 luridella 153 ophisa 15 orientale (ssp. of confusella) 99 macedonica 67 orientalis 59 mancuniella 53 oueddarella 29 maraschensis 111 marcunella 136 pachyceras 72 marianii 176 pactolia 6 marmorella 53 pagenstecherella 72 marsica 22 pagenstecherella 72 mediella 19 palaestinensis 9 melitensis 88 palanfreella 81 mendicella 177 palmella 29 mendicella 177 pandorella 167 mensella 80 parasitella 23 meridionalis 58 parentii 134 meridionella 58 parnassiella 160 minuscula 132 personella 54 minuta 4 peterseni 149 mistrettae 171 picarella 24 moeniella 69 picarella 41 monetellus (var. of anthracinalis) 14a pinkeri pinkeri 13 montanum 107 piozi 128 monteiroi 163 pliginskii 36 moreae 94 polypori 17 morellus 18 pomiliella 69 muricolella 168 propulsatella 177 purella 66 nebulosella 53 pustulatella 9 nedae 8 pustulatella 166 nedae 8 nerviella 79 quercicolella 47 nevadella 26 quercicolella 47 nevellus 38 nigra 53 raetica 153 nigraella 78 ragusaella 66 nigralbella 42 rebeliella 115 nigratella (var. of ankerella) 65 reinhardella 180 nigrescens 99 reisseri 30 nigrella 78 reisseri 150 nigripunctella 69 relicta 17 nigripunctella 70 repandella 49 nigritella 14 rhenania 70 nigroatomella 53 richardsoni 76 nigropluviella 111 rigaella 41 riganella 41 ochridella 159 roesslerella 122 ochripennella 179 roeweri 66 oberthurella 74 romanum 101 306 Index to entomological species-group names romanica 158 tesserella 53 rufulicaput 71 tessulatellus 16 rumelicella 112 thomasi 27 ruricolella 48 tirsella 65 toechophila 165 sandoeensis 178 torulosa 9 sardicus 44 tribertii 123 sardica 113 tribertii 123 sardiniella 131 turcica 141 sardoa 87 scholzi 40 unicolor 10 scutifera 52 secalella 54 vacriensis 77 sesquitertia 69 vanderwolfi 155 sexguttella 145 variatella 54 siciliana 135 vartianae 148 signatellus 46 verkerki 109 similella 44 vinctella 72 somchetiella 55 vinculella 72 subtilella 167 vinculella 76 susaella (ssp. of luridella) 9 sutteri 108 walsinghami 146 wolffiella 39 tauridella 116 taurus 140 yildizae 24 teberdella 50 yildizae 145 teberdensis 50 tenuipennella 68 zernyi 143 teriolella 144 zinica 2 Index to Plant and Other Hosts Names

The numbers refer to the insect-species numbers. Formitiporia punctata (Pilát) Murrill 20, 25 Formitiporia robusta (P. Karst.) Fiasson & Algae 109 Niemela 23, 54 “algas clorococales” 174 Formitopsis pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) P. Karst. 24, 177 Antrodia serialis (Fr.: Fr.) Donk 38, 177 Formitopsis rosea (Alb. & Schwein.) P. Karst. Antrodia xantha (Fr.: Fr.) Ryvarden 178 16, 177 Aspicilia contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. 81 Fungi or fungal mycelia 21 Auricularia mesenterica (Dickson : Fr.) Pers. 5 Ganoderma spec. 17 Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.: Fr.) P. Karst. 1, 5, 19, Ganoderma adspersum (Schulzer) Donk 18, 19, 54 20, 23, 24, 25, 27, 38, 48, 53, 54 Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. 1, 19, 24, 58 Bjerkandera fumosa (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karst. 38, 53 Ganoderma lipsiense (Pers.) Pat. – see: Ganoderma Boletus spec. 24 applanatum (Pers.) Pat. bracket fungi 14, 47 Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis : Fr.) P. Karst. 18, 29, 50, 51 Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. 81 Ganoderma resinaceum Boud. 18, 59 Cerenna unicolor (Bull.) Murrill 19 Ganoderma tsugae Murill 38 Chlorella spec. 74, 77 Green algae 72, 88, 91 Chlorococcus spec. 74, 77 Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.: Fr.) Pouzar 48 Helminthosporium spec. 6 Cladosporium cellare – see: Zasmidium cellare Hirschioporus abietinus – see: Trichaptum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. abietinum (Dicks.: Fr.) Ryvarden Coriolus hirsutus – see: Trametes hirsuta Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.: Fr.) Bref. 53 (Wulfen : Fr.) Lloyd Heterobasidion parviporum Niemela & Coriolus versicolor – see: Trametes versicolor Karhonen 19 (L.: Fr.) Lloyd Hymenochaete rubiginosa (Dicks.: Fr.) Lév. 48 Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. 49 Daedalea quercina (L.: Fr.) Pers. 16, 20, 37, 38, Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. 1, 3, 23, 24, 49, 54 53, 177 Hypoxylon multiforme (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. 39 Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton : Fr.) Hypoxylon rubiginosum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. 39 J. Schröt. 38, 53 Daldinia concentrica (Bolton : Fr.) Ces. & Inonotus cuticularis (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst. 19 De Not. 29 Inonotus dryadeus (Pers.: Fr.) Murrill 19, 23 Datronia mollis (Sommerf.: Fr.) Donk 19, 38 Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst. 23, 26, 31, 38, Desmococcus spec. 76 51, 53, 54, 63 Detritus and dead leaves 119, 153 Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby : Fr.) P. Karst. 2, 20, Diatrype disciformis (Hoffm.: Fr.) Fr. 49 24, 38, 41, 42, 53 Dust-lichens 72 Inonotus tamaricis (Pat.) Maire 18, 29 Ischnoderma benzoinum (Wahlenb.) P. Karst. 24 Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.: Fr.) With. 19, 54, 63 Fomes spec. 17 Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill 19, 24, 27, Fomes applanatus – see: Ganoderma applanatum 38, 53, 54, 177 (Pers.) Pat. Lentinus tigrinus (Bull.: Fr.) Fr. 53, 63 Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr. 17, 19, 20, 23, 24, Lenzites betulina (L.: Fr.) Fr. 19, 53 25, 38, 42, 49, 58 Lepraria aeruginosa (F. H. Wigg.) Sm. 162 Fomes marginatus. – see: Formitopsis pinicola Lepraria caesioalba (B. de Lesd.) J. R. Laundon 84 (Sw.: Fr.) P. Karst. Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. 84, 162 308 Index to plant and other hosts names

Lichens on branches 153 Poria xantha – see: Antrodia xantha (Fr.: Fr.) Lichens on rocks and stones 72, 75, 78, 86, 88, 91, Ryvarden 99, 105, 108, 109, 153, 166, 167 Pseudochaete tabacina (Sowerby) T. Wagner & Lichens on trees 175 Fisch. 25 Lichens on walls 72, 168 Pseudotrametes gibbosa – see: Trametes gibbosa (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. Marasmius oreades (Bolton : Fr.) Fr. 54 Pulveraria spec. 162 Morus spec. [excrescence] 18 Mosses 105, 108 Quercus spec. [dead wood] 18

Oxyporus populinus (Schumach.: Fr.) Donk 48 Rhacodium cellare – see: Zasmidium cellare (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. Penicillium crustaceum – see: Penicillium expansum Link Schizopora paradoxa (Schrad.: Fr.) Donk 53 Penicillium expansum Link 6 Stereum hirsutum (Willd.: Fr.) Pers. 23, 25, 38, 43, Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat. 19, 53, 54 48, 53 Phellinus igniarius (L.: Fr.) Quél. 19, 24 Stereum rugosum Pers.: Fr. 20, 23, 25, 38, 43, 53, 54 Phellinus pomaceus (Pers.) Maire. 59 Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Phellinus robustus (P. Karst.) Bourdot & Galzin 19 Fr. 38 Phellinus tremulae (Bondartsev) Bondartsev & P. N. Borisov 1, 20, 24 Tamarix spec. [fungi on this plant] 18 Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst. 16, 19, 20, Trametes gibbosa (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. 19, 23, 25, 38 23, 24, 25, 38, 53, 54 Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen : Fr.) Lloyd 19, 23 Pistacia atlantica [fungus on this plant] 18 Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Lloyd 19, 27, 38, 48, 53, Pleurotus spec. 27 54, 58 Pleurotus dryinus (Pers.: Fr.) P. Kumm. 26 Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.: Fr.) Ryvarden Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871 48, 53 23, 63 Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden 25, 58 Polyporus spec. 17, 18, 20, 22, 29, 42, 59 Tyromyces stipticus (Pers.: Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar 38 Polyporus abietinus – see: Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.: Fr.) Ryvarden unicellular algae 79 Polyporus candicinus (Scop.) J. Schröt. 27, 53 Polyporus hispidus – see: Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Verrucaria calciseda DC. 81 Fr.) P. Karst. Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. 81 Polyporus radiatus: – see: Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby : Fr.) P. Karst. Xanthochisma plorans 18 Polyporus squamosus (Huds.: Fr.) Fr. 19, 53, 54 Xanthochrous spec. (tamaricis?) 18 Polyporus sulphureus – see: Laetiporus sulphureus Xanthochrous hispidus – see: Inonotus hispidus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst. Polyporus tsugae – see: Ganoderma tsugae Murrill Xanthochrous tamaricis – see: Inonotus tamaricis Polyporus versicolor – see: Trametes versicolor (Pat.) Maire (L.: Fr.) Lloyd Polystictus abietinus – see: Trichaptum abietinum Zasmidium cellare (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. 6 (Dicks.: Fr.) Ryvarden Polystictus pergamenus – see: Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden