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Pengaruh Konseling Pada Ibu Nifas Terhadap Pemberian Kolostrum Pada Bayi Baru Lahir

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Pengaruh Konseling Pada Ibu Nifas Terhadap Pemberian Kolostrum Pada Bayi Baru Lahir Pengaruh Konseling pada Ibu Nifas terhadap Pemberian Kolostrum pada Bayi Baru Lahir Nurma Ika Zuliyanti1, Anggieta Febriana2 Email: [email protected], [email protected] D III Akademi Kebidanan Bhakti Putra Bangsa Purworejo, Indonesia Jl. Soekarno Hatta, Boro Kulon, Banyuurip, Purworejo Abstrak Beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan Ibu tidak memberikan kolostrum bagi bayinya, dan penyebab masih rendahnya praktik pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Kabupaten Kebumen adalah kurangnya tingkat pengetahuan Ibu mengenai manfaat kolostrum bagi bayi, dan beberapa persepsi yang salah mengenai kolostrum, yang dipandang sebagai ASI yang kotor, sehingga tidak patut diberikan pada bayi. Tujuan Untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara konseling pada ibu nifas terhadap pemberian kolostrum pada bayi baru lahir di Klinik Permata Ibu, Kecamatan Prembun Kabupaten Kebumen. Metode yang diguakan Menggunakan desain pra eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian sebanyak 34 orang. Analisis dalam penelitian ini yaitu Analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat. Hasil Penelitian: Ibu nifas yang memberikan kolostrum terhadap bayinya sebelum konseling 17 orang (45,8%). ibu nifas yang memberikan kolostrum terhadap bayinya setelah konseling sebanyak 28 orang (90,3%). Berdasarkan uji normalitas pada pretest dan postest diperoleh p<0,05 meunjukkan data tidak berdistribusi. Positive Rank sebesar 11. Uji Wilcoxon diperiperoleh Z hitung sebesar -3,317 dengan p=0,001. Kata Kunci: konseling ibu nifas; kolostrum. Abstract Some of the factors that cause mothers not to provide colostrum for their babies, and the reasons for the low practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Kebumen Regency are the lack of knowledge of mothers about the benefits of colostrum for babies, and several wrong perceptions about colostrum, which is seen as dirty breast milk, so it is not should be given to babies. Objective To determine the effect of postpartum counseling on colostrum delivery to newborns at Permata Ibu Clinic, Prembun District, Kebumen Regency. The method used was using a pre-experimental design with a one group pretest posttest design. The population in the study was 34 people. The analysis in this research is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. Results: 17 people (45.8%) gave colostrum to their babies before counseling. There were 28 postpartum mothers who gave colostrum to their babies after counseling (90.3%). Based on the normality test on the pretest and posttest, it was obtained p <0.05, indicating that the data were not distributed. Positive Rank of 11. Wilcoxon test obtained Z count of -3.317 with p = 0.001. Keywords: postpartum counseling; colostrum. 46 47 Jurnal Kebidanan Harapan Ibu Pekalongan 1. Pendahuluan 92,5 diberikan semua, 3,9 dibuang Air Susu Ibu (ASI) adalah sebagian, dan 1,4 dibuang semua. suatu emulsi lemak dalam larutan Data SDKI (2012) protein, laktosa, dan garam organik menunjukkan presentasi bayi yang yang di sekresi oleh kedua kelenjar menerima ASI Eksklusif di payudara ibu, sebagai makanan Indonesia yaitu 42% dan menurun utama bagi bayi. 1) menjadi 30,2% pada tahun 2013. Pada hari pertama dan kedua, Pada tahun 2013, cakupan Asi bayi mulai banyak menangis dan Eksklusif 61,17 % di tahun 2014 ingin menyusu, kondisi ini kerap turun menjadi 59,3%, dan angka ini membuat ibu dan keluarga frustasi, menunjukan bahwa cakupan ASI dan tergoda untuk memberikan susu Eksklusif di kabupaten Kebumen formula sebagai pengganti ASI, masih di bawah target nasional 80 padahal jika ASI sedikit dan hanya %. Ada beberapa faktor yang keluar setetes demi setetes menyebabkan Ibu tidak merupakan hal yang wajar di hari memberikan kolostrum bagi pertama sampai ketiga. ASI dalam bayinya, dan penyebab masih bentuk kolostrum sudah di produksi rendahnya praktik pemberian ASI sejak kehamilan usia 12 -16 Eksklusif di Kabupaten Kebumen minggu. Jumlahnya selama 3 hari adalah kurangnya tingkat pertama bervariasi, sekitar 2-20 ml pengetahuan Ibu mengenai manfaat setiap kegiatan menyusui. Memang kolostrum bagi bayi, dan beberapa tidak banyak, tapi itulah yang persepsi yang salah mengenai paling sesuai dengan kebutuhan kolostrum, yang dipandang sebagai bayi saat ini. Kolostrum dapat ASI yang kotor, sehingga tidak membersihkan usus bayi. BAB bayi patut diberikan pada bayi. ikut serta dalam pembuangan Kandungan kolostrum yang tidak bilirubin, untuk mencegah kadarnya diketahui ibu sehingga banyak ibu terlalu tinggi dalam tubuh bayi. di masa setelah persalinan tidak Bedasarkan Undang – Undang No memberikan kolostrum pada bayi 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, baru lahir karena pengetahuan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik tentang kandungan kolostrum itu Indonesia Nomor: 33 Tahun 2012 tidak ada.2) tentang pemberian ASI Eksklusif, Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan Peraturan Bersama Menteri Negara yang dilakukan peneliti pada bulan Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Menteri November 2019 di Klinik Permata Kesehatan, Nomor: Ibu Kebumen, dari hasil wawancara 48/MEN.PP/XII/2008, Nomor: dengan 8 ibu nifas yang bersalin PER.27/MEN/XII/2008, dan secara normal, dimana dari jumlah Nomor: tersebut terdapat 5 ibu nifas yang 177/MENKES/PB/XII/2008 tentang belum mengetahui tentang manfaat Peningkatan Pemberian ASI selama kolostrum dan tidak memberikan Waktu Kerja di Tempat Kerja, kolostrumnya secara penuh dengan disebutkan bahwa pemberian ASI alasan ASI pada hari pertama belum Eksklusif pada bayi sampai usia 6 lancar dan masih keluar sedikit- bulan sebesar 30,2 %, sedangkan sedikit, sehingga disambung dengan target nasional 75 %. Bedasarkan susu formula, sedangkan 3 orang dari hasil Riskesdas pada tahun ibu nifas sudah mengetahui 2018 di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yaitu informasi kolostrum yaitu pada saat bidan memberikan konseling, dan Volume 8 Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 48 Jurnal Kebidanan Harapan Ibu Pekalongan ibu telah memberikan kolostrumnya sebelum konseling sebanyak 17 secara penuh untuk bayinya, orang (54,8%) dan yang tidak meskipun kolostrum baru keluar memberikan kolostrum 15 orang sedikit pada hari pertama (45,2%). postpartum. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara Tabel 2. Distribusi Frekuensi konseling pada ibu nifas terhadap Pemberian Kolostrum pada Bayi pemberian kolostrum pada bayi Baru Lahir setelah Konseling baru lahir di Klinik Permata Ibu, No Pemberian F % Kecamatan Prembun Kabupaten Kolostrum Kebumen 1. Diberikan 28 90,3 2. Metode Penelitian 2. Tidak 3 9,7 Metode penelitian ini diberikan praeksperimen dengan rancangan Jumlah one group pretest-posttest. Populasi 31 100,0 dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu nifas di Klinik Permata Ibu Berdasarkan tabel 2 diketahui pada bulan Februari – April 2020 ibu nifas yang memberikan sebanyak 34 ibu nifas. Pengambilan kolostrum terhadap bayinya setelah sampel dengan teknik Accidental konseling sebanyak 28 orang Sampling didapatkan sampel (90,3%) dan yang tidak sejumlah 31 responden. Penelitian memberikan kolostrum 3 orang terdiri dari 2 variabel, variabel (9,7%). independen konseling kolostrum, variabel dependen pemberian Tabel 3 Hasil Uji Normalitas Tests of kolostrum setelah diberi konseling. Instrumen penelitian dengan ceklist. Normality Data yang digunakan data primer Kolmogorov- Shapiro- berupa observasi pada ibu nifas. Uji Smirnova Wilk statistik menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Rank Test.6) Pretest .362 31 .000 .635 31 .000 Postest .530 31 .000 .340 31 .000 3. Hasil dan Pembahasan Lilliefors a.Significanc Hasil Penenelitian e Correction Tabel 1. Distribusi Frekuensi Pemberian Kolostrum pada Bayi Berdasarkan uji normalitas Baru Lahir sebelum Konseling pada pretest dan postest diperoleh No Pemberian F % p<0,05 menunjukkan data tidak Kolustrum berdistribusi normal. Hal ini 1. Diberikan 17 54,8 menunjukkan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Rank 2. Tidak 15 45,2 Test. diberikan Jumlah 31 100,0 Berdasarkan tabel 1 diketahui ibu nifas yang memberikan kolostrum terhadap bayinya Volume 8 Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 49 Jurnal Kebidanan Harapan Ibu Pekalongan Tabel 4 Hasil Statistik Uji Wilcoxon pengaruhi pengetahuan masalah Rank Test kolustrum sering terjadi pada ibu a Test Statistics primipara. Oleh karena itu ibu perlu Postest– Pretest b diberikan penjelasan mengenai Z -3.317 perawatan payudara, cara menyusui Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .001 yang benar dan hal-hal yang erat a. Wilcoxon Signed hubungan dengan menyusui .4) Ranks Test Sedangkan data ibu nifas yang b. Based on negative ranks. memberikan kolostrum terhadap bayinya setelah konseling sebanyak Berdasarkan uji Wilcoxon 28 orang (90,3%) dan yang tidak diperoleh Z hitungsebesar -3,317 memberikan kolostrum 3 orang dengan p=0,001. Karena (9,7%). Salah satu upaya untuk p<0,05maka Ho ditolak da Ha melakukan promosi agar ibu nifas diterima artinya ada pengaruh memberikan kolostrum adalah konseling terhadap pemberian menggunakan konseling. konseling kolostrum pada Bayi Baru Lahir di merupakan serangkaian kegiatan Klinik Permata Ibu, Kecamatan paling pokok dari bimbingan dalam Prembun, Kabupaten Kebumen. usaha membantu konseli/klien secara tatap muka langsung dengan Hasil penelitian pada tujuan agar klien dapat mengambil pemberian kolostrum sebelum tanggung jawab sendiri terhadap konseling menunjukkan bahwa berbagai persoalan atau masalah khusus sehingga masalah klien sebelum konseling ibu yang 5) memberikan kolostrum kepada dapat teratasi. Konseling yang bayinya hanya 54,8%. Beberapa diberikan meliputi pengertian faktor yang menyebabkan Ibu tidak kolostrum, manfaat kolostrum, memberikan kolostrum bagi reflek yang berpertan dan dampak bayinya, dan
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