JUNE 2010 121 R&D HIGHLIGHTS

A Breakthrough Project of CSIR The Birth of TKDL and Beyond Dr P. Cheena Chawla

pen your grandmother’s medicine The sanctity of our traditional over millennia with some of it codified Obox and you will invariably find it knowledge is well established for it is in a large number of old treatises of full of herbs or their parts: saunf, ajwain, codified in several classical ancient texts medicine, is a part of our rich legacy and pepper, haldi, tulsi, neem, and the list is in the form of hundreds of thousands of belongs to . endless. Strangely though, you will find Sanskrit slokas that mention scores of In modern times, with global that many traditional recipes, for unique formulations of various herbs. resurgence of interest in herbal countering a plethora of illnesses, simply This vedic knowledge — a handiwork medicine, medicinal plants and their work wonders. This knowledge has got of our sages and learned forefathers — products are not just the source of passed down several generations only is a treasure trove of information that affordable healthcare with minimal side because the unique herbal formulations unfortunately remained accessible to effects, but are also important in terms for treating the human body have given only a few experts, and long languished of international trade and commerce. consistent results over the centuries. The in the prison of ignorance of the common Realizing the potential of earning huge ancient Indian wisdom of the usage of masses. Besides, the tribal and profits, many multinational pharma- thousands of medicinal plants, in unique indigenous communities have also for ceutical companies began to target the combinations and definite doses, is truly long been the custodians of our country’s exploitation of traditional knowledge a blessing for keeping at bay the rich biodiversity. Nonetheless, this related to medicinal plants. To stop this discomfort of many dreadful diseases. enormous traditional wealth, collected exploitation, the need to protect the owners of traditional knowledge and provide them their rightful dues stemmed. It thus became imperative to safeguard the IPR on traditional knowledge. A new era dawned when a US patent granted in 1995 for the wound-healing properties of turmeric was challenged successfully by CSIR. In a landmark decision, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) revoked it after ascertaining the medicinal use of turmeric in India for From turmeric to TKDL — The laudable effort of launching and operationalizing the centuries. This opened the floodgates TKDL Project surely comes to the rescue of our rich traditional wealth for successful fights for the rights to

122 CSIR NEWS R&D HIGHLIGHTS

neem and basmati rice, which on 6 June 2001. firmly established the need to It all, however, started in document our precious June 1999 when the need for traditional knowledge for creating Traditional shielding it from the assault of Knowledge databases was wrongful grant of patents. realized by the Standing Although these tough fights Committee on Information were won, a lot of time and Technology (SCIT) of World funds were invested. Intellectual Property Cancellation of the patent for Organization (WIPO), under turmeric took about two years the Chairmanship of while it took five years for Dr. R. A. Mashelkar, the Taking CSIR on the forefront : Dr. R. A. Mashelkar, former Director General revoking the patent on the anti- CSIR, (right) and Shri V. K. Gupta, Senior Advisor and Director, TKDL, CSIR then Director General of fungal properties of neem. spearheaded the TKDL Project CSIR, India. A few months It thus became clear that later, an Approach Paper on it is possible to revoke the grant of wrong between the National Institute of setting up of TKDL was prepared by patents at international level and also Science Communication & Information Shri V. K. Gupta, the then Senior exposed the fact that relevant Resources (NISCAIR) and the Technical Director, National Informatics information on traditional knowledge Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Centre, the former Director, NISCAIR was not available to International patent Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and who is currently the Senior Advisor and examiners in a retrievable format. The Homoeopathy (AYUSH), erstwhile Director, TKDL, CSIR. This paper was need to systematize the documentation Department of Indian System of submitted to SCIT, WIPO the same of knowledge existing in the public Medicine and Homoeopathy (ISM&H), year. domain, on various traditional systems Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. In January 2000, an inter- of medicine, thus assumed great The MoU for this Project was signed disciplinary Task Force on TKDL, significance for preventing the misuse of this knowledge through non-original inventions. While considering the patentability of any subject matter, the patent examiners search available resources for non-patent and patent literature. Although patent literature is available in many databases that can be easily retrieved, non-patent literature normally appeared scattered. Thus arose the challenge to create non-patent literature databases, containing information on traditional knowledge that was easily accessible. In this endeavour, CSIR was on the forefront as a collaborative Project — the Traditional Knowledge Digital The TKDL database essentially protects India’s traditional knowledge from piracy. Library (TKDL) — was initiated A demo CD on TKDL- Ayurveda (Inset)

JUNE 2010 123 R&D HIGHLIGHTS

consisting of experts from the of Human Resource then Department of ISM&H, Development, Science & Central Council of Research in Technology, and Ocean Ayurveda & Siddha (CCRAS), Development at NISCAIR. Banaras Hindu University Three years later, in a landmark (BHU), National Informatics achievement, the Cabinet Centre (NIC), and Controller Committee on Economic Affairs General of Patents Designs & gave its approval on the access Trade Marks (CGPDTM) was to TKDL database to set up under the Chairmanship International Patent Offices. of Shri V. K. Gupta. In January In the year 2009 access to 2001, the Cabinet Committee of TKDL database was given first Economic Affairs (CCEA’s) to the European Patent office, finally gave approval on the India granted patent examiners of USPTO access to new digital and then to the Indian Patent TKDL database in 2009— (from left to right) are: Mr. V. K. Gupta, TKDL Project — a triumph for Director, TKDL; Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, Director General, CSIR; Office (CGPDTM), German the entire TKDL team. Ms Sharon Barner, Deputy Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Patent and Trademark Office Implemented at CSIR, the Property, USPTO and Mr. Ajay Shankar, Secretary, (DPMA) and more recently to Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, TKDL Project comprises an Government of India the USPTO (CSIR News, Vol. inter-disciplinary team of 59, 15 & 30 December 2009) Traditional Medicine (Ayurveda, Unani, terminology. under the respective TKDL Access Siddha and Yoga) experts, patent Several thousands of herbal Agreements. This allows the various examiners, IT experts, scientists and formulations from various Ayurvedic patent offices access to about two lakh technical officers. The focus of this texts have been thus transcribed in medicinal formulations on Ayurveda, Project has been to create database on patent application format. Similarly, Unani and Siddha, comprising a the codified traditional knowledge on traditional knowledge available in public whopping 30 million pages! Following Indian Systems of Medicine. For domain, related to Unani, Siddha and this, there have been innumerable cases example, for documenting knowledge in Yoga, has also been converted to the of withdrawal of patent applications, Ayurveda, the available information in user-friendly digitized format that is easily where the subject matter was not public domain was first searched, sifted understandable. This TKDL database considered to be original work due to and collated. The coded information lying thus acts as a strong bridge between the TKDL prior art evidence. dormant in the Sanskrit slokas was traditional knowledge available in public With a cost of about 1.18 crore, the understood and converted into structured domain and the patent examiners in TKDL Project — a breakthrough that language using the specially created various patent offices. benefits the owners of traditional Traditional Knowledge Resource In yet another achievement in knowledge from theft of their knowledge Classification (TKRC) and saved in the February 2002, about 200 subgroups on — is a classic example of integrating database by experts in the field. Traditional Knowledge on medicinal the enormous capabilities of Information The saved information can be read plants were included against the existing technology for creating mechanisms of in five different languages (English, few besides the linking of TKRC to the effective access and retrieval of the rich German, French, Japanese and Spanish) International Patent Classification (IPC). traditional knowledge on medicinal plants and is simple to comprehend. The TKDL Several specialized subgroups were later collected over millennia, which in software is special for it does smart included as the Project advanced. A addition, has opened up new possibilities translation, instead of mere demo CD containing a sample of 500 for further research.The success of transliteration, of Ayurvedic descriptions formulations was released in October, TKDL Project has also opened the door from traditional terminology into modern 2003 by the then Hon’ble Union Minister for replicating this model for other countries. 124 CSIR NEWS R&D HIGHLIGHTS

Rifampicin — the TB Drug — Acts as a Novel Glycation Inhibitor inding a new use of the existing drug, glycation end products (AGEs). The study, rifampicin showed inhibition to the Falso known as repositioning or accumulation of AGEs results in the retinal neovascularization in vitro and repurposing of drugs in pharmaceutical change in function of various proteins in vivo suggesting a role in anti- parlance, has become an emerging such as hemoglobin, albumin, IgG, angiogenesis. The scientists attribute the approach in drug discovery in the last collagen, crystalline and metabolic anti-angiogenic property of rifampicin to few years. Pharmaceutical companies enzymes. In diabetic patients, the rate the inhibition of glycation. have achieved a number of successes of AGE accumulation and extent of The scientists further caution that using drug repositioning, prominent protein cross-linking is accelerated due in vivo studies using experimental examples being Viagra and Thalidomide. to high blood glucose levels. animal models are necessary to A significant advantage of drug At present, there are no approved elucidate the exact mechanism of repositioning is that the repositioned drug drugs that specifically inhibit glycation. rifampicin-mediated glycation inhibition. has already passed toxicity tests and its Glycation inhibitors such as The finding of an additional therapeutic safety profile is known. However, drug aminoguanidine and algebrium chloride property of rifampicin as a glycation repositioning faces some challenges as are not yet approved by drug regulators inhibitor is very significant considering the intellectual property issues as these drugs have serious side effects. the fact that rifampicin is already an surrounding the original drug are In this study carried out at NCL, a approved drug for the treatment of complex. mass spectrometry based assay was tuberculosis, and therefore, can be A team of researchers from developed for screening molecules that repositioned as a potent anti-glycating National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), inhibit the glycation reaction. Insulin molecule for the treatment of diabetic Pune, and National Center for Cell peptide was used as a model protein and complications, aging, and Alzheimer’s Science (NCCS), Pune, led by Dr. was allowed to react with glucose in disease. Mahesh Kulkarni have found that vitro leading to the formation of glycated Reference rifampicin — an anti- tuberculosis drug insulin. Inhibition of the extent of Golegaonkar S.B., Bhonsle H.S., Boppana — has a high glycation inhibition formation of glycated insulin was R., Kulkarni M.J., Discovery of Rifampicin property. As inhibiting glycation is monitored in the presence or absence as a New Glycation Inhibitor by MALDI considered as one of the intervention of glycation inhibitors. The anti- Based Insulin Glycation Assay. Eur J Mass strategies to prevent glycation-mediated tuberculosis drug, rifampicin, showed Spectrom, 2010, 16, 221–226. diabetic complications, rifampicin would higher glycation inhibition be very useful for diabetics. This work than aminoguanidne, a was carried out under NCL-IGIB joint known glycation Anti-diabetic Anti-tuberculosis research initiative. inhibitor. These results Diabetes is characterized by high were compared with blood sugar level and this leads to the another glycation development of complications in the vital inhibition assay using body organs such as eyes and kidneys, fluorescence spectro- besides the nervous system. These meter. Further, rifampicin complications arise mainly because of a is less toxic than non-enzymatic reaction between glucose aminoguanidine suggest- and proteins called glycation. Glycation ing that rifampicin is a Rifampicin of proteins triggers a series of events more potent glycation leading to the formation of advanced inhibitor. In a different

JUNE 2010 125 R&D HIGHLIGHTS

Successful Closure of Life Cycle of Endangered Yellow Seahorse, Hippocampus kuda in Captivity ollowing the successful breeding of the first generation limited success as a result of severe problems of mass F(F1) of yellow seahorse by researchers of National mortality and low growth rates owing to inadequate nutrition Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa, during late 2008, and disease. Closure of the life cycle in captivity and the first birth of F2 generation juveniles (~100) is observed production of the next generation of young has not been in early February 2010 after 380 days of growth. The F1 well documented. Improved seahorse husbandry and rearing generation seahorse juveniles were raised on a diet of wild could help reduce pressure on wild populations, by ensuring mixed zooplankton, Artemia and wild mysid shrimps. that those animals in captivity live for longer period and also Closing the complete life cycle of Hippocampus kuda create the possibility of trade. Successful life cycle in captivity from birth to adulthood with relatively fast experiments of yellow seahorse will help to facilitate the growth rate, low mortality and early maturity (F2 generation) development of small-scale aquaculture farms by seahorse has now been achieved under this project funded by the fishermen, as a viable alternative to capturing wild seahorses Department of Biotechnology. The significance of the and conservation initiatives. present research in completely closing the life cycle of this Steps involved in successful closure of endangered seahorse species opens up avenues for life cycle of Yellow Seahorse, Hippocampus kuda, commercial aquaculture and conservation initiatives. in captivity Seahorses constitute a fascinating group of fishes with their unusual body shape and biology, with males incubating the fertilized eggs in a brood pouch. They belong to the family, Syngnathidae. It has been reported that at least 25 million seahorses (> 20 metric tonnes, dried) are traded annually for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as aquarium fish and curios and nearly 77 nations and territories 2-month old juveniles are involved in seahorse trade. India was contributing to about 30% of global seahorse trade until 2001 and now all species of seahorses have been brought under the schedule I of the Wild Life Act, 1972 to prohibit exploitation. The oceanic yellow seahorse, Hippocampus kuda F1 Generation 6 month old juveniles (Bleeker, 1852), is widely distributed throughout the tropical [Date of Birth: 29/08/2008 Place of Indo-Pacific region inhabiting shallow inshore habitats such Birth: Aqua Nursing Home, NIO] as mangroves, sea grass beds and estuaries. It is one of the most heavily traded seahorse species in many Southeast Asian countries for TCM and its conservation status is currently listed by the International Union for the Adult F1 Generation Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as ‘vulnerable’. As per Mating of Male and Female the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), all species of seahorses have been placed under Appendix II, which states that captive breeding could be undertaken for stock enhancement programmes and aquaculture purposes. Several attempts to culture seahorses for successive Yellow Seahorse (Hippocampus kuda) F2 Generation [Date of Collection Ratnagiri, Maharashtra Birth: 05/02/2010 Place of Birth: generations under captivity in the recent past have met with Aqua Nursing Home, NIO]

126 CSIR NEWS TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALIZED

Commercialization of CSIR-NAL Technology Inauguration of Carbon Fiber Production Plant at M/s. Kemrock Ltd., Vadodara

arbon fiber is a high Based on the know- Cstrength and low how transferred by NAL, weight material used M/s. Kemrock Limited extensively in aircrafts, has established a 400 missiles, launch vehicles tonnes/annum carbon and satellites. It is also an fiber production plant. This important raw material plant was inaugurated on for many other industrial 9 May 2010 by Dr. A. P. applications that include J. Abdul Kalam, former wind energy off shore President of India in the structures and trans- presence of Director portation. General, CSIR and Research and Secretary, DSIR, development activities Scientific Advisor to aimed at developing A view of the dais Raksha Mantri, Secretary, manufacturing technology Department of Defense for carbon fibers has been carried out of carbon fiber technology, CSIR-NAL Research, Mr. Nitin Bhai Patel, Minister at the National Aerospace Laboratories has transferred the know-how for of Gujarat State for Water Resources (NAL), . It is a multi- commercialization purposes to M/s. and Urban Development and Director, institutional effort as CSIR, DRDO and Kemrock Industries & Exports Limited, NAL. ISRO are the principal partners. A pilot Vadodara, an industry engaged in the Inaugurating the plant Dr. A. P. J. plant for developing the technology has manufacture of light weight composite Abdul Kalam appreciated the efforts of been established at NAL. Processed products. Apart from providing basic CSIR-NAL in developing the technology technologies for the manufacture of know-how, NAL has actively and complimented M/s. Kemrock carbon fibers have been developed using contributed to the design of special Limited for deciding to commercialize this pilot plant facility. equipments and machines for the the technology. Similar sentiments were Following successful development production plant. expressed by the other speakers.

Glimpses of the Inaugural function of India’s first Carbon Fiber Production Plant

JUNE 2010 127 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Jaguar Nose Radome Fabrication Technology Handed Over to HAL

he National Aerospace EM, lightning T Laboratories (NAL), CSIR, protection, static indigenously designed, developed and loading, vibration fabricated a composite nose radome and rain erosion for the Fire Control Radar of Jaguar tests. Maritime Aircraft for HAL, Bangalore, From the end user being IAF. In continuation HAL side, Wg. of the development of 11 nose Cdr. M. P. radomes, a request was made by Benjamin , DGM, HAL-Overhaul Division for transfer of Overhaul Division, technology of the Jaguar Nose received the TOT Radome fabrication. The TOT documents and (Transfer of Technology) document mentioned that it was officially handed over to HAL by was an auspicious TOT Document on Jaguar Nose Radome Fabrication handed over to HAL Director, NAL on 16 April 2010 in a day for both HAL small function held at NAL. and NAL. He stated that HAL is Shri D.V. Venkatasubramanyam, NAL had undertaken this Project accepting technology transfer for the Head, FRPD also spelt a word of with FRP Division as a nodal point and first time and expressed it as a honour appreciation to all those who were coordinating the overall activities with to take the TOT document to HAL involved in this Project, including some interdivisional participation by CEM on behalf of their GM, Mr. K. G. of them who had superannuated. The Lab., ALD, Structural Technologies Subramony. team included Shri S. K. Veluswamy, Division, CTFD and Engineering In the light of IAF planning to Shri Ranganath Rao, Shri Services Division. HAL supported the deploy around 50 Jaguar aircrafts to Sathyanarayan of HAL, Dr. S. fabrication and supply of all metallic its fleet with fire control radars, it is Christopher of LRDE, Dr. R.M.V. G. parts, inserts and structural static tests. apt that this technology transfer of K. Rao, Dr. S. Viswanath, Shri C. CABS supported in lightning protection indigenously developed nose radome Chandrashekar and Shri tests. The vibration test was carried from NAL to HAL is befitting. Wg. Dwarakanath of NAL, Shri Majeed out at STTD, NAL. The radome had Cdr. Benjamin stated that tentatively and Shri V. L. Raja of CRI- gone through a systematic the first such radome should be ready CEMILAC whose contributions were development right from structural by June 2011. He also assured that mentioned on this occasion. design, fabrication, full qualification once the mirage aircrafts get inducted The event was graced by Dr. tests, including flight tests and ATP tests and serve the IAF, HAL may come Ranjan Moothithaya, Head, KTMD on all production radomes. back to NAL for indigenizing its and team; Head, CTFD & team; The radome has variable thickness radome. Head, CEM Lab., ALD; Head, nose thick and base thin design. An in- Director, NAL congratulated the Engineering Services Division and the house developed closed mould resin scientific team for the successful FRP team. It was a moment of pride injection technology has been used in execution of a National Project for NAL as it also marked yet another the fabrication of radome. The leading to a technology transfer by milestone on the map of CSIR-NAL’s composite radome is protected with CSIR-NAL to a Public Sector and in achievements. The Jaguar Nose anti-static/anti-rain erosion paint turn to the Nation’s defence sector – Radome Project team thanked the subjected to qualification tests, viz., the IAF. Director, NAL, on this occasion.

128 CSIR NEWS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

CBRI’s Rice Husk Plastic Wood Prof. S. K. Brahmachari Technology Transferred Director General, CSIR, Unveils he Central Building CSIR’s Enterprise Portal at NIO TResearch Institute, Roorkee, has developed a technology know-how for manufacturing of plastic composites, used as a replacement of natural wood in buildings. This development has been made under the Supra Prof. S.K. Bhattacharyya, Director, CBRI handing Institutional Project of over the Know-how Document and Product to rof. S. K. Brahmachari, Director General, CSIR under the Eleventh Mr. Bhupesh Khanna, Director of M/s Shivaye Namah Manufacturing Company Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi CSIR, unveiled an Enterprise Portal at Five Year Plan. P National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa, In this work, rice husk is used as an alternative to wood fibres in and also the redesigned website of CSIR melt blend processing because many users of wood fibres/residues often (http://csir.res.in) at a function (Goa Summit’10) face local shortage due to environmental issues and Government policies. held at NIO, Goa on 30 April 2010. Rice husk is a low-cost renewable resource, which is locally available The Enterprise Portal provides a platform to in a huge quantity. work seamlessly and efficiently for all laboratories Prof. S. K. Bhattacharyya, Director, CBRI stated that this product together and collate internal information about has been developed with rice husk and plastics under a specific condition CSIR for taking right decisions at right time. The of compounding/extrusion process to obtain composite profiles as Portal modules on HR, e-learning, policy comparatively similar to natural wood in surface appearance and formulation, e-procurement & facilities carpenter-friendly properties. The credit of this work goes to Dr. B. management, works & contracts and finance Singh and Dr. Manorama Gupta of the PPC Division of the laboratory. management will help R&D module to plan and The composite profiles have been thoroughly evaluated as per execute projects and deliver results in a timely market specification for various properties such as strength, dimensional manner. Six corporate companies specializing in stability, screw holding and nailing properties, besides termite attacks their respective fields have partnered with CSIR and fire. These products are designed to have a long-term durability. in making this Portal a reality, on a rapid The composite profiles meet the requirements of the National Building prototyping approach within a time span of four Code, 2005, Section 3 Timber when tested as per IS: 1708. A patent on months. the product has also been filed. Prof. Brahmachari delivered an inspiring For commercialization of this research output, the Institute has address on the occasion. The application is an transferred the technology know-how to Mr. Bhupesh Khanna, Director, outcome of a well planned strategy that has M/s Shivaye Namah Manufacturing Company Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, transformed the dream into action. It is hoped that for setting up of a commercial production unit. The manufactured profiles the mass participation from every CSIR laboratory will be used for door and window profiles and frames, fencing, decking, in populating the content on this Portal would make furniture, structural support members and other industrial applications. it vibrant. Besides, the Institute had earlier developed several wood substitute The purpose of this two-day programme was materials such as EPS door shutters, natural fibre composite door to give sufficient exposure to the participants from shutters, cement and gypsum bonded boards etc. Some of these products all CSIR laboratories to the Portal and help work have also been commercialized. back home with added efficiency.

JUNE 2010 129 R&D FACILITIES/MOUS

Advanced Aerospace MoU Signed Between CBRI, Roorkee Testing Facilities at NAL & M/s Meta Dynamics, South Africa he National Aerospace Laboratories T(NAL), Bangalore, has specialized strengths/facilities and a competence base in Aerospace sector developed over the past few decades. The NAL is equipped with state-of- the-art test facilities that play a significant role in Aerospace Sector both at design and certification stages. The aerodynamics facilities of sizes varying from 0.3 m×10.3 m to 1.2 m×1.2 m cross sections with subsonic to Mach 4.0 test range. Every Indian aerospace vehicle has graduated through this facility complex. New test facilities namely, Jet Acoustic Prof. S. K. Bhattacharyya, Director, CBRI and Mr. Gavin Coulson, Managing Director, Research Facility, and Co flow Jet Facility have Meta Dynamics, South Africa exchanging MoU documents facilitated advanced research in jet acoustics, Co flow jet and low Reynolds number flows. n MoU was signed between the Central Building Research Low Reynolds number flow has a direct AInstitute (CBRI), Roorkee, and M/s Meta Dynamics, South relevance to Micro Air Vehicle design & Africa on 15 March 2010 to formulate the super sulphated cement development. The High Performance from their raw materials using fluoro gypsum and slag as per Indian Computing Facility is equipped with front end Standards. Fluoro gypsum, a waste of hydrofluoric acid industry workstations and Personal Computers with contains the impurities of fluoride and free acidity which adversely many of in-house developed codes ranging affect the setting and strength development of plaster and its products. from Panel code to LES (Large Eddy For mass utilization of fluoro gypsum, it is necessary to remove and

Simulation), applicable to a variety of flow inactivate these impurities as far as possible. The CaSO4.2H2O content regimes ranging from subsonic to hypersonic of fluoro gypsum varies between 95 to 97 percent. speeds. Granulated blast furnace slag is a glassy material having latent The high end computing facilities can be hydraulic properties. Extensive work has been carried out at CBRI, used for both for aerospace and non- Roorkee, to make Portland slag cement and super sulphated cement aerospace applications, flow visualization and (SSC). The SSC can be produced by activation of slag with 10-20% grid generation materials and surface gypsum anhydrite/fluorogypsum anhydrite in the presence of 2.5-6% modifications research at NAL is backed by of cement clinker/lime. The SSC conformed to the requirements of a state-of-the-art Field Emission Scanning IS: 6909, 1990. Some of the advantages of SSC over Portland cement Electron Microscope, EDS for elemental are its low cost with saving in energy, increased resistant to sulphate detection and for mapping of nanocrystals of and lower heat of hydration. It is eminently suitable for marine and different orientations. A modern computer- mass concrete construction. controlled fabric impregnation machine, tape Research work has been carried out in the EST Division under laying machine and fibre stiching machine the leadership of Dr. Mridul Garg to beneficiate and use of fluoro augment the composites facility along with the gypsum for making high strength plaster, water-resistant binder, flooring water jet cutting and ultrasonic NDT system. tiles, bricks and blocks and super sulphated cement.

130 CSIR NEWS S. S. BHATNAGAR PRIZE WINNER’S WORK

The super-sulphated Research Highlights of Dr. N. Jayaraman, cement market in South Africa is approximately 250,000 TPA. Department of Organic Chemistry, This is for the concrete and sewerage pipe industry. The IISc., Bangalore pipe industry presently uses a recipient of 2009 Shanti Swarup specialized cement made up of ABhatnagar Award, Dr. N. Carbohydrate Chemistry admixtures and activators Jayaraman has contributed significantly which is rather expensive. in the major areas of (i) Carbohydrate (i) Monosaccharide Modifications: Therefore, a collaborative Chemistry and (ii) Dendrimer chemistry. Development of new synthetic methods project has been undertaken for monosaccharide modifications has with M/s Meta Dynamics, The emphasis of his work on been a major area of Dr. Jayaraman’s South Africa, on sponsored Carbohydrate Chemistry has been on basis, for the production of modifications of monosaccharides, research. Sustained research on super sulphated cement using synthesis of cluster glycosides, synthesis monosaccharide modifications led to the flouoro gypsum. This study of oligosaccharides, unnatural sugars and establishing of new synthetic methods to would be helpful in marine glycolipids along with their biophysical prepare a variety of 2-deoxy glycosides. works, reinforced concrete studies in efforts to understand The 2-deoxy glycosides were also pipes in ground water, concrete carbohydrate-protein interactions, utilized to prepare 2-deoxy cyclic and construction in sulphate As carbohydrates are amphiphilic linear oligosaccharides, which are bearing soils and for concrete upon suitable derivatizations, they new types of cyclodextrin and sewers carrying industrial provide a basis for exploring material acyclic maltodextrin analogues, through effluents. properties, namely, properties associated a novel polycondensation method For commercial exploita- (Figure 1(a). Further studies on tion, a Memorandum of with their mesogenecities. monosaccharide modifications also Understanding (MoU) has In Dendrimers Chemistry, Dr. been signed between Shri Jayaraman’s investigations have led to facilitated resolving the single crystal Gavin Coulson, Managing the establishing of two new classes of structures of several monosaccharides, Director, Meta Dynamics, dendrimers, namely, (i) poly(alkyl aryl providing intricate molecular details of South Africa and Prof. S. K. ether) dendrimers and (ii) poly(propyl the monosaccharides in solid state. Bhattacharyya, Director, ether imine) dendrimers. Many new CBRI, Roorkee. The Scientist functions of these dendrimers were also (ii) Synthesis of Un-natural Sugars: Co-ordinator of all the established. The invention on poly(ether Recent synthetic efforts in disciplines also graced the imine) series of dendrimers has been monosaccharide modifications were occasion. patent filed in a few countries and a focused on the synthesis of un-natural M/s Meta Dynamics, South seven-membered septanoside sugars. Africa, has further shown license has been transferred to a The elegant synthetic methodology interest in collaborating with pharmaceutical company for CBRI on various technologies manufacturing, R&D development and allows the synthesis of various alkyl, which include water resistant commercialization of the dendrimer aryl, glyco-furanosyl,-pyranosyl gypsum binders, gypsum products. septanosides. This method is a general strategy for the synthesis of septanoside blocks and tiles from fluoro The specific accomplishments are gypsum and anhydrite cement. oligosaccharides. (Figure 1 b). summarized:

JUNE 2010 131 S. S. BHATNAGAR PRIZE WINNER’S WORK

Figure 1 represent first such efforts in the larger area of carbohydrate-protein interactions. The concepts of multi-valent cluster glycosides are also being employed to study the mycobacterial pathogen related cell wall glycolipids. Glycolipids bearing lipoarabino- mannan oligosaccharide glycolipids were synthesized, and studies in collaboration with Professor D. Chatterji, Molecular Biophysics Unit of the Institute, further demonstrated that the synthetic glycolipids are inhibitors of the mycobacterial strain growth (Figure 2).

(iv) Carbohydrate Liquid Crystals: The material properties of the clustered sugar amphiphiles and glycolipids contribute significantly, primarily in the area of the carbohydrate-based liquid crystals. The chiral nature of the sugars to generate chiral liquid crystals, having ferroelectric properties, were established for the first time, in a jointly funded project with Dr. Suresh Das,

Figure 2 (iii) Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions: Dedicated efforts were made to understand complex carbohydrate- protein interactions, with the aid of a large number of synthetic cluster glycosides and glycolipids. The possibility of photoswitchability in cluster glycosides, considered as the second generation cluster glycosides, was established. Important queries relating to the extent of the sugar clustering, the optimal distances between each sugar unit in the clusters, the extent of sugar epitope distribution on two-dimensional surfaces were addressed. The kinetic studies of the interaction of multivalent ligands, in relation to their ability to mediate enhanced binding with relevant proteins, were assessed systematically. The nature of the bivalent binding of sugars to proteins and the kinetic on-off rates were also established, using surface plasmon resonance technique. These kinetic studies using synthetic cluster glycosides

132 CSIR NEWS S. S. BHATNAGAR PRIZE WINNER’S WORK

National Institute for Interdisciplinary fluorophores are absent within the wherein it was identified that an Science and Technology (formerly molecular structure. Inherent emission individual catalytic site was far more Regional Research Laboratory), behaviour is unusual in literature at large. efficient in its catalytic activity, when Thiruvanantha-puram. Further, the It has the potential for further studies the site was present as a cluster within relation between the number of the on chemical and biological the molecule, as opposed to its presence hydroxyl groups in the sugars and the fluorescence-based sensors. as an isolated site. Functionalization of hydrophobic balances, in order for the the silica matrix by PETIM dendrimers mesophase properties to evolve, was (ii) Dendritic Organometallic was established to increase the catalytic established. Catalysis: Dendritic organometallic activities, as well as the recyclabilities catalysis were studied, by involving of metal catalysts in metal mediated Synthetic Dendritic PETIM dendrimers as ligands for metal organic conversions. Macromolecules: complexation. These dendritic ligand- metal complexes.were used to mediate (iii) Phloroglucinol-based Poly(alkyl (i) Poly(ether imine) (PETIM) the C-C bond forming reactions. The aryl ether) Dendrimers: In another Dendrimers: In the newly evolved relative turn-over-frequencies of class, phloroglucinol-based poly(alkyl class of hyperbranched macromolecules, dendritic catalysts and the beneficial aryl ether) dendrimers were namely, dendrimers, Dr. Jayaraman and effects of dendritic arrangements of the established. The endo-receptor his team have made a dedicated research catalysts were established. An important properties arising from these dendrimers to establish the chemistry of these new finding on catalytic profiles in multivalent were also studied. Dendritic types of macromolecules. The class of dendritic catalysts was established, organometallic catalysis, representing poly(ether imine) (PETIM) dendrimers Figure 3 (Figure 3) have chemical, physical and biological properties that are found to be superior, for example, in their effective topologies and sizes, and in vitro and in vivo toxicological properties. Many favorable attributes of the PETIM dendrimers has attracted the interest of industries, in order to develop dendrimer based technological applications. The divergent growth of their synthesis is amenable for industrial scale productions. The discovery of an anomalous fluorescence behaviour of PETIM dendrimers is an important milestone in the studies on dendrimers. An anomalous inherent fluorescence behaviour of the PETIM dendrimers has been established, even when classical chromophores, unsaturation and

JUNE 2010 133 S. S. BHATNAGAR PRIZE WINNER’S WORK

the exo-receptor properties of dendrimers, in organic Biographical Sketch transformations was esta- blished upon phosphination r. and ligand-metal exchange D received B.Sc. (1984, University of Madras), M.Sc. (1988, Annamalai University), reactions. Organometallic and Ph.D. (1994) from the Indian Institute of studies were established for the Technology, Kanpur, under the supervision of multivalent dendritic Rh(I) Professor S. Ranganathan. He was a post- catalysts, in hydrogenation, doctoral fellow in the research group of hydosilylation and metal- Professor Sir James Fraser Stoddart at the mediated C-C bond forming University of Birmingham, UK, and at the reactions. These examples University of California, Los Angeles, USA. He illustrated hitherto unknown joined the Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, in beneficial multivalent effects in 1999. His research interests are mainly in the areas of Carbohydrate Chemistry and organometallic catalysis, Dendrimer Chemistry. He is an author and co-author of 85 publications in peer-reviewed wherein significant increases journals. For his outstanding scientific contributions in the field of chemical sciences, in the catalytic activities Dr. Jayaraman was honoured with Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award for the can be achieved with year 2009. multi-valent, clustered dendritic (E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +91 80 2360 0529; Tel: +91 80 2293 2578) catalysts. NAL Press Report on SARAS Released

he Directorate General of Civil maintenance defects and that there carried out to confirm the adequacy TAviation (DGCA) released the final was no evidence of any defect or of such design modifications. CSIR- investigation report on accident of CSIR- malfunction due to maintenance. NAL is going through this process NAL’s Prototype-2 SARAS, the 14- Also, there was no in-flight structural and such modifictions are being seater Light Transport aircraft, on 21 failure leading to the accident. Also, introduced in the production April 2010. While CSIR-NAL was the there was no malfunctioning of standard version of the aircraft (3rd Design and Development Organization engine system. prototype) which is expected to fly for Prototype-2 SARAS, the flight testing by end of this year. was undertaken by the IAF with the help There are some general issues The cause of the accident is of flight test team at Aircraft System and related to controllability of the aircraft though they are not safety attributed to incorrect relighting Testing Establishment (ASTE), procedure in the DGCA report. It is Bengaluru. critical. This is common in all aircrafts with manual flight control clarified that the procedure adopted In a 75-page document several (as also stated in the report) is as aspects of the programme and events systems. These are generally evaluated during flight testing phase per the Engine OEM’s operating that took place on the day of the accident instructions. and prior to that have been reviewed. and corrections/design Some of the relevant points in the report modifications incorporated based on On hindsight, it is accepted that the are as following: the flight test results. Often, procedure, though as recommended CSIR-NAL is happy to note that additional wind tunnel tests/CFD/ by engine OEM, had associated with there was no structural or aerodynamic calculations are it certain unknown risks, particularly

134 CSIR NEWS PRESS REPORT/CONFERENCES

at that time, that had implications on design organisation by DGCA for deliberations from 3 May 2010. the control of aircraft, if the relight providing such a support to CSIR- It may also be noted that CSIR- did not take place within a short time NAL. NAL is the only organization after initiation of the relight CSIR-NAL and IAF-ASTE will involved with design and procedure in flight. The procedure study, in detail, the conclusions and development of civilian aircraft in given by the OEM is ambiguous recommendations indicated in the this country and hence needs to be and lacks clarity as stated in report and take necessary strongly supported to carry forward the report. Again, on hindsight, corrective steps that are required. the development programmes on CSIR-NAL accepts that it should It may be noted that a High hand to their logical conclusions by have consulted the propeller Powered Expert Review plugging gaps in the system, if any. designer. Committee has been constituted by This, in fact, is the mandate given With regard to outsourcing the DG-CSIR with Dr. V. K. Aatre, to Dr. Aatre Committee set up by design activities it is to be noted that former SA to RM and DG-ADA as DG-CSIR. the company, M/s ADES, consists Chairman, Air Marshal (Retd.) P. There are some comments in the of senior retired officials from Rajkumar, former Director, ADA, as report on the flight crew’s actions. ARDC of HAL with decades of the Co-Chairman and members It is to be noted that the crew valuable experience in aircraft from HAL, DGCA, IAF members are not alive to defend design and development. The team CEMILAC, ADA, to review NAL’s themselves and hence it would not only supports the CSIR-NAL team aircraft development and R&D be appropriate to pass judgement on by working closely with them on site. programmes and to make suitable these recommendations or debate All responsibilities lie with the recommendations for strengthening on them in public. Actions, however, officials of CSIR-NAL. It may be the CSIR-NAL system. This will be taken to review and correct noted that ADES is also an approved Committee has already started its wherever necessary.

Press Conference at CGCRI for Spreading Awareness on Age-related Arthritis

o make the common man aware of Hospitals of the country. benefit from joint replacement surgery Tthe solutions available to the age- Speaking on the occasion, Prof. but owing to the inadequate awareness related bone problems, the Central Glass Manna said that the age-related and high costs, arising from the imported & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), problems are on the rise in India and implants, only a small fraction in India Kolkata, organized a press conference contrary to the earlier social trend, people can avail the treatment. With the support on 30 of April 2010 in the Atma Ram now aspire to lead an active life even at of several hospitals and laboratories in Committee Room of the Institute. Prof. advanced age. Stating arthritis as one India, which includes the famous Indranil Manna, Director and Dr. D. such disease, he said that although Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Basu, Head, Bioceramics & Coating several treatment options provide short- Rehabilitation, Pune, and Jubilant Division of CGCRI addressed the media term relief to the disease but a corrective Kalpataru Hospital, West Bengal, the on the breakthrough achieved by the or replacement surgery still remains the Bioceramics & Coating Division of Institute, on bone related ailments, in long-term cure. CGCRI over the last decade has collaboration with other Institutes and There are thousands who can undertaken extensive research to find

JUNE 2010 135 WORKSHOPS

solutions alleviate the burden of this ailment. Dr.. D. Basu apprised the press that there was a shift CGCRI Organizes to using bioceramic prosthesis all over the globe due to its Workshop on longer and trouble-free life-span compared to the Energy conventional metal/polycarbonate prosthesis. “Over the last Conservation Opportunities ten years, several patients have gained from CGCRI made bioceramic prosthesis, which has encouraged the Institute Available in Glass & Ceramic to develop a complete Bioceramics Prosthesis Solution for Hip Surgeries under the CSIR’s New Millennium Indian Industries in Gujarat Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI)” said Dr. Basu. In this programme, initially CGCRI’s collaborators or assessing the present situation of energy were Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute Fconsumption in different ceramic industries, the (CMERI), Durgapur, and the All India Institute of Medical outreach centre of CGCRI at Naroda organized on 7 Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. The Institute could January 2010 a Workshop on “Energy Conservation and thereafter expand the collaboration by successfully Opportunities Available in Glass & Ceramic Industries attracting Padma Shri- Dr. K. H. in Gujarat” jointly with Petroleum Conservation Research Sancheti, who is the Chairman and Chief Orthopaedic Association (PCRA), Ahmedabad. Twenty six participants Surgeon of the famous Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics from different ceramic industries of Ahmedabad region and Rehabilitation, Pune, and the Jubilant Kalpataru attended the Workshop. Hospital. At the outset, Dr. S. N. Misra, Scientist-in-Charge of The indigenously developed prostheses are designed the outreach centre welcomed the speakers, guest and to meet the postural requirements of Indian patients and participants and emphasized on the importance of the are much cheaper as compared to the imported implants. Workshop for the benefit of ceramic industries. Speaking Dr. Sancheti has been using such bioceramic prostheses on the occasion, Shri Anupam Shrivastava, Joint Director, for a long time and has also indigenously developed a knee PCRA described the objectives of PCRA and the details joint implant. The Jubilant Kalpataru Hospital is in the of its various programmes. He stressed on the need for process of building a network of seven hospitals in the energy savings through use of non-conventional energy. district towns of West Bengal, in addition to the two hospitals it already has at Behrampore and Barasat. The Shri Vijay Bariwal, Asst. Director, PCRA highlighted the good news is that these protagonists have now joined hands importance of energy audit in selective industries with the to provide modern health care innovations to the people at help of CGCRI for efficient consumption of energy. large. During the presentation sessions, Dr. Mishra explained This was indeed the second Press Conference staged how reduction of carbon emission in the existing process in CGCRI in recent times after the one on 25 October could be covered under Kyoto protocol while Mr Anupuam

2009 that was held over signing of an Agreement for Shrivastava spoke on the measures to reduce CO2 emission transfer of process know-how on ‘Application of from the existing process of firing. He explained the Bioactive Coatings on Orthopedic Dental Implants’ with advantages of oxygen-rich fuel in firing of ceramic and IFGL Refractories Limited, Kolkata. The signing took place glass products. Mr. Amrut Patel, a kiln specialist, explained in the presence of Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari, Director the advantages of the roller kiln. All the industry participants General, CSIR, Smt. Sheila Sangwan, IRS, Financial showed keen interest and interacted enthusiastically during Adviser, CSIR and the senior officials of both CGCRI and the deliberations. IFGL Refractories Ltd. respectively.

136 CSIR NEWS NATIONAL SCIENCE DAY

National Science Day Celebrations at CBRI, CSIO, NEIST, NCL and NIO

Central Building Research Institute CBRI, Roorkee

CBRI celebrated National Science Day that it is an opportunity to take stock of (NSD) on 28 February 2010 to the status of science in India. Such commemorate Raman Effect of the introspection is necessary as science and Nobel Laureate, Sir C.V. Raman. The technology have become the most celebration of the day offers an important drivers of economy of the opportunity to bring issues of science in country. the centre stage and create public On the occasion, Prof. I. S. Tyagi, awareness about such issues. Prof. S. Department of Physics, IIT, Roorkee, K. Bhattacharyya, Director, CBRI, delivered National Science Day lecture narrated the contribution of Sir C.V. on: Fascinating World of Quantum Raman in the field of Spectroscopy for Physics and Nanotechnology. His a wide range of scientific investigations lecture contents on Basics of Raman and industrial applications. He stressed Effect, Essentials of Quantum Prof. S.K. Bhattacharyya addressing on the role of NSD’s objectives in Mechanics, Carbon Nanotubes, the National Science Day transforming our society under the High-Tc Superconductors and theme of ‘Gender Equality for Structure of Semiconductors are Prosperity and Peace’. widely appreciated by scientists CBRI is pursuing faculty training and college students. He, along and motivation for school and college with Prof. S. K. Bhattacharyya faculty and students – A programme of interacted with college students on CSIR to create interest, excitement and the models and charts prepared by excellence in science education at the them at CBRI during the training. school and undergraduate level to raise On the occasion, the R&D the standard of science education and activities being carried out at Prof. S. K. Bhattacharyya and Prof. I. S. Tyagi interacting capabilities. Prof. Bhattacharyya felt CBRI were displayed. with college students at display of project work

Central Scientific Instruments Organization, (CSIO), Chandigarh

CSIO celebrated National Science Day constituent of Earth’s crust and it instruments for continued recording to (NSD) by organizing the National modulates weather conditions, initiates study the climate change. He also Science Day Lecture on 26 February formation of glaciers, regulates water stressed that strengthening 2010. Dr. Ashwagosha Ganju, Director, flow in various river systems, maintains environmental protection should be an Snow & Avalanche Study water balance and is an intriguing important issue for all humans. Establishment, Chandigarh, in his talk on material for scientists since in the slopes Dr. Ganju explained various ‘Snow Study for Avalanche Defence it can cause avalanches that can cause avalanche control structures such as & Climate Change in Himalaya’ destruction to life and property. He snow nets, snow bridges, snow rakes, emphasized that snow is an important stressed upon the need of sensors and diversion walls/dams, snow shed/gallery,

JUNE 2010 137 NATIONAL SCIENCE DAY

wadges, terraces, catch dams, retarding the technologies structures and earthen mounds etc. He developed and traced about many new surveillance being developed at techniques such as unmanned arial CSIO. vehicles fitted with lidars. He also Earlier, Dr revealed the challenges and Pawan Kapur, opportunities in this field to take up Director, CSIO, systematic and long term study with while welcoming state-of-the-art equipment and provided the Chief Guest authentic analysis from accurate data for highlighted the Dr. Ashwagosha Ganju delivering the National Science Day Lecture government to take up sustainable significance of development programmes and National Science adaptation strategies in mountains. Day and said that In the end, Dr. Ganju urged all to scientific live in harmony with Nature and methodology is preserve it to avoid such calamities. He required in every further stressed on the synergic walk of life and approach to have a holistic view of the also highlighted entire problem through the convergence the achievements of various technologies. of CSIO. During the day, all the labs of CSIO The prog- were kept open for general public. A ramme was large number of visitors including coordinated by students from various schools, colleges, Shri N. S. Aulakh. universities and general public went Shri N. S. Mehla, around the laboratories of the Senior Scientist, Students interacting with a scientist in a CSIO laboratory organization. They interacted with the proposed a Vote scientists and were given exposure to of Thanks.

National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune

Prof. , FNA, malaria, Prof. Padmanaban spoke on former Director, Indian Institute of morbidity and mortality associated with Science (IISc), Bangalore and Honorary malaria. There occurs more than a Professor and distinguished million deaths due to malaria. The four biotechnologist at IISc, delivered a species of the malarial parasite are: lecture on ‘Drugs and Drug Targets Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. Against the Malarial Parasites’ on the ovale and P. malariae. Out of them, P. occasion of the National Science Day falciparum is the most deadly parasite, celebrations at National Chemical which along with P. vivax is the Laboratory (NCL), Pune, which was causative agent of most cases of held on 27 February 2010. malaria. Prof. G. Padmanaban delivering the talk While giving an introduction about Prof. Padmanaban spoke on the

138 CSIR NEWS NATIONAL SCIENCE DAY

available drugs, and their targets, against (porphobilinogen deaminase), a activity of curcumin in a rodent model. the malarial parasites. He apprised the bifunctional enzyme with the host Curcumin can lower artemisinin dosage audience that the malarial parasite has PBGD. He said that the parasite enzyme and bring down the drug cost as it is quite developed resistance to the frontline was slow as compared to that of the host cheap. Strategies are today available to anti-malarials, such as, chloroquine and in order to reach the blood cells of the increase the bioavailability of curcumin anti-folates (sulfadoxine and host. He discussed the specific role of and a clinical trial to this effect has also pyrimethamine). Artemisinin and its mitochondrial electron transport in been launched. derivatives (ART) are, however, quite blood-stage of P. falciparum. He Prof. Padmanaban concluded that effective anti-malarial drugs. Therefore, discussed models for the heme synthesis most of the drugs available, including there is a need to discover and develop in P. falciparum and described heme combination tharapies suffer from new anti-malarials. synthesis in different stages of parasite problems such as resistance, toxic side Prof. Padmanaban explained the life development. He said, that the effects, pharmaco-kinetic mismatch and cycle of the malarial parasite. He said apicoplast enzymes involved in heme above all, the cost. The development of that the molecular and cellular events synthesis can be looked upon as drug resistance by the parasite against first during the parasite’s life cycle in the targets. Prof. Padmanaban also line and second line anti-malarial drugs, human body influence the severity of the highlighted the main cause of the has underscored the importance of disease. The asexual blood stage where increase in malarial deaths because of developing new drug targets and the parasite leaves the liver and begins drug resistance, which occurs due to pharmacophores to treat the disease. to invade and grow inside red blood cells continuing use of outdated drugs, such The absence of a potent malaria vaccine (RBCs) is crucial to disease as chloroquine and sulphadoxine- has made the situation even more development. Although all the four pyrimethamine, which are largely serious. However, with advances in species of Plasmodium invade by the ineffective in most parts of Africa. malarial research, a variety of drug same mechanism, P. falciparum Prof. Padmanaban briefly discussed targets and candidate molecules are now reaches quite high parasitaemia because various projects for the development of available for further development. of greater flexibility in the receptor new anti-malarials. He also emphasized Earlier, Dr. S. Pal, Head, Physical pathways that it employs to invade the the mechanism of action of curcumin and and Materials Chemistry Division, RBCs. artemisinin derivatives and their clinical welcomed Prof. Padmanaban and Prof. Padmanaban described the trials. He demonstrated the efficacy of briefed his credentials. Dr. Pal described various types of anti-malarial drugs and artemisinin-class combination therapies Prof. Padmanaban as a renowned their combinations available. He also (ACTs) by showing that 90% of patients biochemist and a pioneer in Indian briefed on the advantages and side could be successfully treated in just three biotechnology. Prof. Padmanaban’s main effects of these drugs. He detailed the days by adding artemisinin compounds interests are in elucidating the multi- audience on the number of deaths to standard drug regimens (International faceted role of heme in cellular caused due to malaria and the Artemisinin Study Group, 2004). processes where his team discovered percentage of roll-back effect of malaria Another natural compound called the heme-biosynthetic pathway in the on the patients. His pictorial presentation curcumin is known to have a broad malarial parasite and showed it to be a of drug target area on the organs of the spectrum of activity in different cell drug target. Prof. Padmanaban has been human body drew attention to the sites types. It is reported to have anti-oxidant, widely recognized for his contributions of current anti-malarial drug action and anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and to biochemistry specially to molecular new targets under investigation. apoptotic activities. Many of these biology related to malarial parasite. He While speaking on the parasite’s processes are regulated by calcium and is a recipient of many awards including genome and the various enzymes coded involve a variety of kinases, and Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Prize for by it, Prof. Padmanaban compared curcumin is known to inhibit these Science and Technology (1983), Padma parasite’s PfPBGD enzymes, enzymes. He described the anti-malarial Shri (1991) and Padma Bhushan

JUNE 2010 139 NATIONAL SCIENCE DAY

(2003) and is an elected fellow of all sessions. There were 160 posters Sciences was awarded to Mr. Mukund the learned science academies. from various areas of chemical Adsul. Dr. Krishnan Award for the Best The National Science Day was sciences. Publications in Physical and Materials celebrated on 25th and 26th February The Science Day celebrations Sciences was awarded to Mr. Anuj 2010 by display of posters on various concluded by presentation of awards by Kumar. Besides these, Keerthi topics of research undertaken at NCL. Prof. Padmanaban. Dr. Rajappa Award Sangoram Endowment Award for Best Several lectures were delivered by for Best Publication in Organic Research Scholar was awarded to eight NCL scientists on this occasion. Chemistry having the highest impact students with a cash prize and a citation. Speaking about the two-day factor was awarded to Ms. Seema Finally. celebrations of Science Day in the Bagmare and Mr. V. Srinivasa Rao. The The Vote of Thanks was proposed laboratory, Dr. Pal encouraged research Gupta-Pardeshi Sainani Award for the by Dr. Pal. students to participate in the poster Best Research Papers in Biological

North East Institute of Science & Technology (NEIST), Jorhat

NEIST celebrated the National antibiotic penicillin from the mold Science Day (NSD) on 26 Penicillium (Alexander Fleming, February 2010. The Programme 1928), insertion of a piece of was largely attended by special toad DNA into the bacterium, E. invitees from different coli (Boyer and Cohen, 1973), government and educational and production of insulin, institutions, besides a galaxy of erythropoietin (blood production scientists from other R&D factor) and interferon-alpha institutions and NEIST. Dr. B. through genetic engineering. G. Unni, Scientist G, Area The sub-disciplines of Coordinator, Biological Sciences modern biotechnology are — & Coordinator, National ‘Red biotechnology’ which Science Day welcomed all involves medical processes such A view of the dais delegates and members present. as getting organisms to produce Prof. Parul Chakrabarti, Emeritus biotechnology is a scientific and technical new drugs, or using stem cells to Scientist of Bose Institute and Bengal development trend which is at the regenerate damaged human tissues and Tuberculosis Association, Kolkata, beginning of its technological and perhaps re-grow entire organs; ‘White delivered the National Science Day economic life cycle. (also called gray) biotechnology’ Lecture on ‘Biotechnology in the 21st Prof. Chakrabarti also cited some involving industrial processes such as the Century: Prospects and Promises’. examples of ancient biotechnology production of new chemicals or the She mentioned that Biotechnology is the existing during 2,000-4,000 B.C.— beer development of new fuels for vehicles; key technology of the 21st century. The making, wine making, bread making, ‘Green biotechnology’ which applies to modern gene technology comprises a cheese making, improved species of agriculture and involves such processes series of strategies and methods for the crops and animals by cross pollination as the development of pest-resistant study of the genetic make-up of or cross breeding — and other examples grains or the accelerated evolution of organisms and its relevant biological of modern biotechnology in the 20th disease-resistant animals; and ‘Blue functions. Therefore, modern century namely; Isolation of the biotechnology’ which is rarely

140 CSIR NEWS NATIONAL SCIENCE DAY

mentioned, encompasses processes in upliftment of science and society. In his Vote of Thanks to the President marine and aquatic environments, such speech, he emphasized the need to Dr. R. C. Boruah, Chief Guest Prof. as controlling the proliferation of noxious inculcate scientific temperament in Parul Chakrabarti, Dr. B. G. Unni, Senior water-borne organisms. young minds and informed that NEIST Scientists, all the invited dignitaries of Earlier, Dr. R. C. Boruah, Scientist has been conducting programmes on different Institutes, laboratories and G in his Inaugural speech welcomed all familiarization of science to young Government offices. He also extended the members and apprised them of students under the CPYLS each year. his thanks and appreciation to all the different collaborative R&D efforts NEIST has produced 270 Ph.D. students members directly and indirectly being pursued with sister CSIR institutes so far and has 2700 publications in associated with organizing this event as well as with institutes from abroad. national and international journals of high successfully. Later the students from He mentioned the contribution of repute since inception. different schools and colleges visited the NEIST in different spheres for the Dr. Tarun Ch. Borah offered the different divisions of the laboratory.

National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa

National Science Day (NSD) in Goa is always celebrated by participating in the Goa Science Centre’s three day event “Science Fiesta” where all scientific organizations in Goa come together and display their exhibits. This provides an opportunity to the enthusiasts to see and understand what is happening in the scientific world of Goa. This event attracts the citizens and tourists visiting Goa besides the student community of various ages/groups. NIO on the occasion of NSD exhibited the innovative technologies viz., Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), and Vertical Profiler besides the decolourization and detoxification of molasses spent wash technology developed using marine fungus, enzymatic technology for de-inking of used photocopy paper and also products developed using extracts from marine organisms for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The exhibit centre of NIO also screened a three minute film on the ballast water treatment concept illustrating trapping and destroying of larval forms that are released along with ballast. These exhibits were also displayed at an another event called “Festival Quark - 2010” organized by BITS-Pilani, Goa, campus in early February. Both these events attracted the visitors and enthused their interest in oceanographic research.

A view of the exhibits displayed on the National Science Day, Goa

JUNE 2010 141 HONOURS & AWARDS

Dr. Chitra Mandal Elected Fellow of The Indian National Science Academy

r. Chitra Mandal, Scientist G, Technology (2010) for her contribution DIndian Institute of Chemical to the study of glycosylation of Biology (IICB) Kolkata, has been biomolecules specifically induced during elected as the Fellow of the prestigious childhood ALL, VL and role of Indian National Science Academy glycosylated CRP in innate immunity and (F.N.A.), India, in 2010 for her their applications both in applied and basic contributions to the field of Glycobiology/ medical research. Glycoimmunology in health and diseases. She had been the recipient of the The main theme of her research is Senior Scientist Oration Award to understand the mystery of sialoglycoproteins exclusively induced on (2008) by Indian Immunology Society glycosylation of biomolecules through erythrocytes of patients with visceral for her overall contribution to proteomic and glycomic approaches and leishmaniasis (VL). Based on this, a Immunology, BioTech Product and their potential applications in medical diagnostic technique for VL has been Process Development and research. Her research team has designed which is helpful in disease Commercialization (2005) Award by established O-acetylated-sialoglycolipids monitoring. She has also observed a DBT for the transfer of ELISA-based and sialoglycoproteins on lymphoblasts specific derivative of sialic acid on diagnostic technology for the detection as universal biomarkers in childhood parasites as a virulent factor, that is of alphafeto protein, an oncofetal acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). absent in host and may be useful as a antigen, Kshanika Oration Award The high level of O-acetylated- drug target. (2002) by ICMR for the transfer of sialoglycoconjugates, characteristics of Demonstration of disease- antigen-based diagnostic technology for ALL has been used for the detection of associated glycosylated molecular diagnosis and monitoring of patients with minimal residual disease, which is still a variants of human C-reactive protein VL, P. B. Rama Rao Memorial Award challenge in leukemia research. ALL- (CRP) in different pathological (2001) by the Society of Biological associated antibodies were also used for conditions is yet another outstanding Chemists for her contribution to the field monitoring the disease status. She has achievement of Dr. Mandal. This of leukemia research and Smt. demonstrated that both these newly molecular variant of CRP could be Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel induced antigens and antibodies help the used as a potential biomarker. The role Industrial Research Award (2000) by lymphoblasts to survive by avoiding of these glycosylated molecular Vividhlaxi Audyogik Samshodhan Vikas apoptosis. variants in complement activation Kendra (VASVIK) for her overall Dr. Mandal has established a new deciphering innate immunity has been contribution to the biomedical field. era of cellular signalling in paediatric observed. She has successfully transferred leukaemia. During exploration of a few Dr. Mandal has several Honours three diagnostic technologies to herbal compounds for their anti-leukemic and Awards to her credit. She is a Fellow companies. She has made significant activities and deciphering the cell- of The Indian Academy of Sciences contributions to research that include signaling pathways, she has identified a (F.A.Sc) since 2005, Fellow of The >100 research papers, reviews in few putative target molecules. National Academy of Sciences International and National journals, Her other notable contribution is the (F.N.A.Sc), since 2004, and West chapters in textbooks and demonstration of modified Bengal Academy of Science and several patents.

142 CSIR NEWS HONOURS & AWARDS

A Befitting Honour for Director General, CSIR

TAND Magazine, in one of its (UIDAI) whose Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the former Srecent issues, has brought out an efforts are President of India, for his untiring article ‘Six Leaders of the New poised to bring campaign to interact with children across Knowledge Society Movement in the benefits of the country and encourage them to think India.’ It is a matter of pride that Dr. Information creatively. S. K. Brahmachari, Director General Technology to Dr Brahmachari makes it to this list CSIR was selected by the Editorial team every single because of his staunch support for open of this magazine, as one of the six Indian; Mr source research which has culminated individuals who are considered to be for into an ambitious project headed by him: shaping India’s destiny in the 21st launching the much awaited affordable the Open Source Model for Drug century. car: Nano, which is an outstanding Discovery. The Project seeks to The other five persons selected for example of how innovation and provide affordable healthcare to the this honour are Dr. M. .S. Swaminathan technology have been used to change developing world by providing a global for his contributions to agricultural the lives of millions; Mr Kapil Sibal, framework where the best minds can science that have left an everlasting Minister for Human Resource collaborate and collectively strive to solve imprint on food production in India and Development, Govt. of India for his complex problems associated with elsewhere in the developing world; Mr vision that he has outlined to change discovering new therapies for neglected , Chairman, Unique India’s education scenario, beginning tropical diseases like malaria and Identification Authority of India from primary to high-end research, and tuberculosis.

Dr. C.V. Chalapati Rao gets World Environmental Management Award

r. C.V. Chalapati Rao, Scientist to the area of pollution control and Universities, New Delhi, on the Dand Head, Air Pollution Control sustainable development. The Award auspicious occasion of the World Division, National Environmental was given away jointly by The Management Congress during 30-31 Engineering Research Institute Educational Standards and Testing December 2009 at India International (NEERI), Nagpur, has been conferred Council of India (TEST-COIN), The Centre, New Delhi. Various national and ‘World Environmental Management Global Open University, Nagaland and international dignitaries were present on Award’ for his significant contributions The Confederation of Indian this occasion.

Dr. (Mrs.) Asha A. Juwarkar elected Fellow of National Academy of Sciences r. (Mrs.) Asha A. Juwarkar, Scientist and Head, Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Environmental DEngineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, has been elected the Fellow of the prestigious National Academy of Sciences in 2009, for her outstanding contributions to environmental biotechnological research in the country. She has several patents to her credit, and has published research papers in national and international journals.

JUNE 2010 143 NINTH CSIR DIAMOND JUBILEE INVENTION AWARD FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN (CDJIA-2010)

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) is the premier industrial R&D Organisation in India. On the occasion of its Diamond Jubilee in 2002, CSIR initiated invention Awards for school Applications received children to create awareness, interest and motivation for intellectual Property amongst children. on or before On the occasion of the World Intellectual Property Day which is celebrated through out the world on 26th April, CSIR invites applications for the ‘Ninth CSIR Diamond Jubilee Invention Award 31st October 2010 (CDJIA) for School Children-2010’. The first prize winner would also become eligible for WIPO’s Young inventor Award carrying a medal and a certificate. will be considered Applicant must provide the details of the invention submitted for the award in not more than for the Award 5000 words in English/Hindi including an abstract (in not more than 100 words), authenticated (by giving seal and date) and sent through the Principal/Head of the School where the student is enrolled and personal details on a separate page as follows: Title of the Invention, Name, date of birth, school and residential address, class, telephone no. Prizes (residence/school), e-mail address. In case of proposals already selected for state, national, international or equivalent Awards, There are in all 60 prizes. only the subject matter covering the improvements need to be submitted for consideration of Besides a certificate, the cash CDJIA-2010. Published inventions would be considered as per the provisions of the Indian awards are: Patents Act. The applications for the award not exceeding 5000 words in English/Hindi with requisite First Prize (1 No) drawings will be considered. The write-up must describe the subject matter in a problem-solution Rs. 50,000/- mode and highlighting the novel and non-obviousness feature of the invention and its advantages. Any Indian student enrolled in an Indian school below the age of 18 years as on 31st July 2010 Second Prize (2 Nos) can apply. Rs. 25,000/- each The invention submitted should be one that is globally novel, non-obvious and utilitarian. It could be a new concept or idea or a solution to an existing problem or completely a new method/ Third Prize (3 Nos) process/device/utility. It is not essential/necessary that the invention should have been worked, Rs. 15,000/- each only the concept of the invention should have been proved through a model, a prototype or experimental data. Details of any assistance/guidance provided by teachers/parents/friends or Fourth Prize (4 Nos) others must be appropriately mentioned and acknowledged. Rs. 10,000/- each Typed applications to be sent by Registered post/Courier to: Head, Intellectual Property Management Division, CSIR, NISCAIR Building, 14 Satsang Vihar Marg, Special Institutional Area, Fifth Prize (50 Nos) New Delhi-110 067 with the enveloped marked on top left hand corner ‘CDJIA-2010’. Rs. 5,000/- each You may also send application through email addressed to [email protected]. However, a hard copy should also follow through post with Principal’s authentication.

The awardees will be selected by a high level Award Selection Committee. If required, the short listed candidates may be called for Interview at Delhi or at any other appropriate place. The decision of the Awards Selection Committee/CSIR will be final and binding on the applicants and no enquiries/correspondence in this regard will be entertained.

The Awards will be announced on January 1, 2011 at New Delhi and would be communicated to the Awardees only

Printed and Published by Deeksha Bist on behalf of National Institute of Science Communication And Information Resources (NISCAIR), (CSIR), Dr K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi -110 012 and printed at NISCAIR Press, Dr K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi -110 012 Editor: Dr. P. Cheena Chawla; Associate Editor: Meenakshi; Editorial Assistant: Neelima Handoo Design: Neeru Sharma; Sarla Dutta; Production: Kaushal Kishore; Editorial help: Dr Sukanya Datta Phone: 25846301; Fax: 25847062; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; Website:http://www.niscair.res.in For subscription: The Sales & Distribution Officer, NISCAIR; E-mail: [email protected]; Annual Subscription: Rs 300; Single Copy: Rs 15.00 Subscription Complaint No: 25843359 CSIR NEWS 144RN 4512/57