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'Grand Challenges: India's Research Solutions to Real-World Problems'

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'Grand Challenges: India's Research Solutions to Real-World Problems' India’s research solutions to real-world problems Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council We take our motto of “Ignite, innovate and incubate” seriously From funding, mentoring, supporting partnerships such as Grand Challenges India, and to assisting with IP matters, BIRAC has worked hard to create a support network for the budding biotech entrepreneurs of India. If you have a good idea and are looking for support, come apply for BIRAC schemes and Grand Challenges India. For more information, please contact: http://www.birac.nic.in/ | http://www.birac.nic.in/grandchallengesindia April 2018 EDITORIAL Editors: Subhra Priyadarshini, Rebecca Dargie FROM THE EDITOR Commentators: Govindarajan Padmanaban, Maharaj Kishan Bhan, Monkombu S Swaminathan, Renu Swarup, Shirshendu Mukherjee, Soumya Swaminathan, Trevor Mundel Art and design: Chandra Pal Singh ndia is headed towards an aston- What are the grand challenges for the Project management: Dalia El Essamy ishing population surge. With 1.34 country’s 1.3 billion people? Can sci- Photographic research: Madeline Hutchinson billion people recorded in early ence help find solutions to some of the 2018, the country is estimated public health problems? Can innova- PUBLISHING Ito add another 100 million by 2024 tion provide long-term answers? Nature Research Group overtaking China, currently the most Through in-depth commentaries ADVERTISING & SPONSORSHIP populous nation in the world. by subject experts, this special issue Institutional & Corporate Partnerships Therefore, her daunting demo- looks at the state of affairs in malaria Manager - India graphics are integral to any discussion management, maternal and child Sonia Sharma, M: +91 9650969959 [email protected] around the challenges faced by India. health, malnutrition and tuberculosis. The mammoth population coupled It also looks at the science-led inno- SUBSCRIPTIONS & REPRINTS with limited resources, and grow- vations and solutions already on offer. Sonia Sharma: 011 4575 5850, ing urbanization and energy needs In a reprint section, we compile some M: +91 9650969959, are important factors behind many recent articles from across Nature [email protected] NATURE JOURNAL QUERIES socio-economic issues. Research publications that highlight Manager, Sales Support, Springer Nature: Jacob Be it poverty, healthcare delivery, the grand challenges and research- Thomas | M: +91 9818171996 literacy, pollution or waste manage- based solutions that India and the rest [email protected] ment — each of India’s problems can be of the developing world have adopted. directly linked to and are intensified by The volume also features a special Registered Office: Springer (India) Private Limited, 7th Floor, Vijaya Building, 17, Barakhamba Road, its teeming millions. photo section curated from top entries New Delhi - 110 001, India. Some of the most pressing chal- to the 2017 Nature India photo com- Email: [email protected] lenges raised by a large population are petition, themed ‘Grand Challenges’. www.nature.com/natureindia in the public healthcare, energy and These pictures are compelling visual sanitation sectors. Successive Indian narratives of some deeply moving and Cover photo: © Getty Images governments have made tremendous familiar circumstances. Connect with us on efforts to meet public needs and expec- With examples and case studies of Facebook: /npgindia Twitter: @NatureInd tations. However, health concerns such evidence-based solutions, the Nature as tuberculosis, maternal and infant India special issue on Grand Challenges Official sponsor: mortality, vector- and water borne-dis- hopes to be an enlightening read for eases, malnutrition, hygiene and sani- scientists, policy-makers, business tation remain major problems. leaders, and societies across the The Nature India special issue on developing world. Grand Challenges takes a closer look at some of these hazards, which are expe- SUBHRA PRIYADARSHINI DISCLAIMER rienced across the developing world. EDITOR Nature India Special Issues are sponsored supplements that aim to stimulate interest and debate around a subject of interest to the sponsor, while satisfying the NRG editorial values and our readers’ expectations. Most of our special issues focus on affairs pertaining to science and research in India and at the same time are of significance to the global scientific community. SUBHRA PRIYADARSHINI The Nature India Special Issues are available freely for download at www.nature.com/nindia. facebook.com/npgindia @NatureInd India’s daunting demo graphics are a central consideration in solving her biggest challenges. APRIL 2018 | | 3 CONTENTS April 2018 COMMENTARY PHOTO STORY REPRINT 05 MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH 19 JUST ONE WORLD 28 A shot at contraception In search of a good start for our Deepak Bhau Kumbhar Killugudi S Jayaraman mothers and babies In India, a nonagenarian renews Maharaj kishan Bhan & testing of a birth control vaccine. Shirshendu Mukherjee Adverse birth outcomes still too 31 Rethink India’s energy strategy common, with a legacy of growth Arunabha Ghosh & Karthik Ganesan issues that last a lifetime. Address the needs of poor 20 CLEANING UP MY ABODE and rural households, target 07 MALNUTRITION Ricky Patel subsidies and support low-carbon To end hunger, we must make industries. smarter use of land and sea Monkombu S Swaminathan 33 Action on mental health needs Better systems, information sharing global cooperation and technological progress are vital Pamela Y. Collins & Shekhar Saxena for nutrition security. 21 FISHY TALES As threats to populations transcend Dipankar Ghosh national boundaries, it is crucial that 09 DISEASE responses to mental health problems Basic research the best weapon in do too. the age-old malaria battle Govindarajan Padmanaban 36 Bollywood takes on menstrual The developing world needs a tool stigma to distinguish falciparum from Subhra Priyadarshini vivax cases 22 CHILDREN OF THE SUN A biopic of an inspired Indian Avinash Surendran sanitary-pad innovator. 11 ENGAGEMENT Maintaining momentum 38 Waste mountain Soumya Swaminathan Subhra Priyadarshini Interest in tuberculosis research is Examining the wide-ranging impacts high, but a quantum leap in funding of India’s throw-away culture. must follow. 23 POVERTY INHERITED 39 Understand young people in 13 INNOVATION Preethi Krishnamoorthy low-income countries Biotech nation: support for Robert Blum & Jo Boyden innovators heralds a new India For most of the world’s adolescents, Renu Swarup poverty and social marginalization The country is uniquely poised to influence health much more than deliver effective and affordable risk-taking does. solutions 24 HOME ALONE 15 PHILANTHROPY Samrat Mukherjee 42 REVIEW ARTICLE A strong foundation for progress Challenges and gaps for Trevor Mundel energy planning models in Supporting and enabling the developing-world context groundbreaking projects from Kumar Biswajit Debnath & inception to results on the ground. Monjur Mourshed COMMENTARY DINODIA PHOTOS/ALAMY A baby born in India today has twice the life expectancy of one born 70 years ago, but there is much still to be done to improve health measures. MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH In search of a good start for our mothers and babies Adverse birth outcomes still too common, with a legacy of growth issues that last a lifetime. MAHARAJ KISHAN BHAN SHIRSHENDU MUKHERJEE The Grand Challenges project aims to expectancy of 68 years, more than Around 20% of our babies come into command the attention of world-class twice that of a child born in 1947. the world with low birth weight as a researchers and to focus funding and More mothers survive birth today than result of prematurity, fetal growth research on solutions to the biggest they did even a decade ago. These are restriction alone or in combination. A public health and development prob- markers of slow, yet steady progress in high proportion of Indian newborns lems we face. Grand Challenges India improving the lives of our mothers and experience wasting and become has the same mandate on a domestic children. stunted by their second birthday. This scale — directing Indian innovation to This is where the good news ends increased risk of linear growth retar- solve our specific challenges, which The stillbirth rate and neonatal mortal- dation occurs both in low birth weight can be taken to the rest of the world. ity are still high in India and other low and those weighing 2.5kg at birth, but A child born in India today has a life and middle-income countries (LMICs). the risk is many fold higher in the APRIL 2018 | | 5 GRAND CHALLENGES COMMENTARY former category. We therefore have attainment, income, and health (partic- and care of pregnancy complications. the challenge and the opportunity to ularly risk of chronic diseases such as Postnatally, it provides evidence-based improve both child survival rates and coronary artery disease and diabetes). intervention for the mother and infant growth, and prevent this exceptionally This is where the value of pro- during the first two years. We will learn high rate of stunting in Indian children. grammes such as Grand Challenges how much reduction in childhood There are gaps in our knowledge of India lies. It encourages innovation stunting is feasible with evidence what causes these adverse outcomes, to address some of these challenges based intervention. as much as the unaddressed concern through two mechanisms, open calls Another ACT project, implemented of relatively lower coverage and quality for solutions
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