Kuwait Science Inward Visit Programme to the United Kingdom

In collaboration with Kuwait Science Inward Visit Programme to the United Kingdom

In collaboration with

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Table of Contents Foreword ...... 4 Acknowledgements ...... 6 Contributors ...... 7 Introduction ...... 8 UK Science and innovation Network (SIN) ...... 9 The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England ...... 10 Visit Summary (2nd of December 2019) ...... 10 University Profile ...... 11 Agenda ...... 13 The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ...... 14 Visit Summary (5th of December 2019) ...... 14 University Profile ...... 15 Agenda ...... 17 Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom ...... 18 Visit Summary (4th of December 2019) ...... 18 University Profile ...... 20 Agenda ...... 22 Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland ...... 24 Visit Summary 6th of December 2019 ...... 24 University Profile ...... 25 Agenda ...... 27 Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, UK ...... 30 Visit Summary ...... 30 University Profile ...... 32 Agenda ...... 35 University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom ...... 36 Visit Summary ...... 36 University Profile ...... 40 Agenda ...... 42 Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom ...... 43 Visit Summary ...... 43 University Profile ...... 44 Agenda ...... 46 Cardiff University, Wales ...... 47 Visit Summary ...... 47 University Profile ...... 47 Agenda ...... 49 Concluding Remarks ...... 50 Inward Visit Reports ...... 51 Food security, food security policy, economic growth, food safety, nutrition ...... 51 Monitoring the prevalence crustacean bacterial and viral diseases in the local fish market of Kuwait .. 53 Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate on 2D nanohybrid catalysts ...... 59 Integrated, Sustainable Biomass and Wastewater Treatment System for Biofuel and Coproducts Production System from Local Microalgae ...... 61 Sustainable Crop Production in Sandy Soils through Climate-smart, Precision Irrigation and Nutrient Management Techniques ...... 64 To study the effect of Green supply chain practices in manufacturing industries in Kuwait ...... 67 Development and Application of Virtual reality-based inspection of bridge in Kuwait...... 69 Supply chain risk assessment of energy infrastructure In Kuwait ...... 71 Coastal Management/Engineering; Numerical Modelling ...... 74 Graphene-based membranes ...... 76 Smart Cities ...... 78 Environmental monitoring ...... 78 Population Health...... 78 Environmental monitoring and research ...... 80 Clean Energy ...... 82 CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Storing (CCUS) ...... 84 KFAS Mission Report ...... 86 Foreword

I am delighted to see the publication of this mission report by the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR). It is a wonderfully detailed account of the first UK-Kuwait Scientific Research Inward Visit programme and a true celebration both of the enduring friendship between Britain and Kuwait and of the valuable scientific collaboration between our two countries. I am especially grateful to Dr Samira Omar, Director-General of KISR, for commissioning this visit report, and to colleagues from KISR, the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement for Sciences, the Environment Public Authority, Kuwait University and the Public Authority for Food and Nutrition for their expert contributions. I should also like to thank the UK’s Gulf Science and Innovation Network for supporting this programme and the British Council for their logistical support.

In 2014 our two Governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding to support cooperation in the field of Higher Education and Scientific Collaboration. When this ground-breaking Memorandum was renewed last year, I was delighted that KISR and the British Council decided in parallel to sign a co-operation agreement in London to provide an implementation framework. This led to a series of collaborative workshops, events, and inward visits. Fittingly, this coincided with celebrations to mark the 120th Anniversary of the Treaty of Friendship between the UK and Kuwait. The co-operation agreement provided for a joint UK-Kuwait Inward Visit Programme – the first time our two countries have collaborated on joint scientific visits of this kind. This programme consisted of two visits to the UK, focusing on Clean Energies, Climate Change and Food Security and involved 19 Kuwait researchers from 5 institutions visiting 8 leading UK institutions in Northern and South West England, Scotland, and Wales. The Visit Programme provided an ideal opportunity to build links between leading UK and Kuwait Research Institutions which I hope will lead to many more years of deepening co-operation and collaboration in scientific research.

In 2020 we will work to enhance the strong relationship built between Britain and Kuwait to support initiatives in Innovation and Technology (or Innotech) – in which progressing scientific collaboration will be a key element. This will be facilitated through the bilateral framework - the Joint Steering Group (JSG) - which was created to help manage our ever deepening and broadening relations. The JSG met for the fifteenth time in Kuwait in January 2020, covering defence, security, healthcare, education and science, and trade. Within that framework we have established a UK- Kuwait Science and Innovation Technical Dialogue, which will meet on a quarterly basis. I have no doubt that this co-operation will go from strength to strength, enriching and expanding our bilateral dialogue in areas such as clean energy or food security which will be vital to our joint future for the next 120 years or more. Acknowledgements

The Kuwait Institute of Scientific Research would like to thank the British Government’s Gulf Science and Innovation Programme, British Embassy in Kuwait, and the British Council in Kuwait for their support, cooperation, and facilitation of this trip. Our relationship over the past years has strengthened continuously showing positive and fruitful collaboration in the field of science and innovation. Additionally, I would like to thank the KISR researchers, KFAS, KU, KEPA and all involved parties for their support and contribution in making these inward visits a major success.

These continuing and forthcoming efforts have showcased encouragement towards the exploration of new scientific opportunities to promote research activities and new innovations jointly with KISR and numerous UK leading universities. This aims to further strengthen the United Kingdom and Kuwait’s partnership, ultimately contributing to both our nations prestige as well as achieving Kuwait’s Strategic Goals and 2035 vision. KISR is enthusiastic and looks forward to a future of scientific success further strengthening our continued joint partnership with the United Kingdom. Contributors We would like to acknowledge the efforts of Eng. Waleed Roy’s contribution from the Science & Technology Partnerships & Agreements Office at the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) for his efforts towards the production of this book. We would like to also thank all the participants of the inward visit programs listed below for their contribution towards this book:

Kuwait Foundation for Advancement of Science (KFAS) KISR Dina Al-Nakib Dr. Latifa Al-Haji Husain AlHelal Dr. Maryam Adnan Dr. Khalil Mataqi Kuwait University (KU) Dr. Narges Abel Dr. Abdulaziz Al-Ameeri Dr. Reem Alawadhi Dr. Yousef Al-Qaheem Eng. Waleed Al-Nassar UK Gulf Science & Innovation Programme Dr. Sheikha Al-Sanad Shorouq Al Enezi Nick Boucher Dr. Bassam N. Shuhaibar Dr. Sherain Al-Subia British Embassy Ms. Majda Khalil Dr Shaikha Al-Sanad Barry Bobin-Martin Eng. Waleed Roy Marwa Abul

Kuwait Environment Public Authority (KEPA) British Council

Zakarya Alkhabbaz Heba Elzein Rasha Osman Shayma Saad

Organizations and University

University of Sheffield University of Manchester Newcastle University Heriot-Watt University Royal Agricultural University University of Exeter Swansea University Cardiff University

Introduction Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) and the British Government’s Gulf Science and Innovation Programme, supported by the British Embassy in Kuwait and British Council, initiated these inward visits as part of strengthening bilateral relations between Kuwait and the United Kingdom by providing insight and exposure to areas of research for potential joint ventures. The inward visits facilitated various meetings with professors, scientists, researchers, and experts from reputed scientific and technological research organizations in the United Kingdom in line with KISR researchers and scientists from Kuwait. The trip offered ideal opportunities for strengthening international relations through the pursuit of joint scientific research and projects in order to achieve cutting edge scientific collaboration towards the strategic goals of both our nations. UK Science and Innovation Network (SIN) While the UK is a global leader in science and innovation, international collaboration remains essential to our continued development, the competitive advantage of innovative businesses and filling key gaps in capability. Research and knowledge is increasingly developed and transferred through international collaboration which provides opportunities to work with the best in the world, exchange students and researchers, and gain access to large scale international facilities. The UK Science and Innovation Network work with governments, commercial and research communities in support of UK science policy overseas, leading to mutual benefits. The portfolio for the Science and Innovation Network is as diverse as the ecosystems in which we operate. The network is encompassed by five essential cross cutting strands (excellence, resilience, prosperity, influence, and development) which underpin our approach and everything we do. Within this broad portfolio there are a number of key UK thematic priorities, but we also ensure that areas in which we engage internationally are priorities for our partner countries. So while the UK industrial strategy and the four priorities areas identified within it (AI & Data, Clean Growth, Future of Mobility, and Aging Society) are key for the UK, there are a number of other sectors which the Science and Innovation Network recognize as international priorities in the markets in which we operate. In Kuwait our role includes working continuously to strengthening our bilateral relationship so that through science & innovation, and engaging with the next generation of thinkers, we can jointly address local and global challenges which include (but are not limited to): x Emerging health issues x Water & food security x Clean energy x Treatment of waste x Cyber security x Advanced materials x Smart cities

We also work in partnership with colleagues from across UK government to support trade & investment, prosperity and continue to broaden security cooperation between the UK and Kuwait. The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England

Visit Summary (2nd of December 2019)

KISR delegates visited the University of Sheffield, who were received cordially by representatives and researchers from the Energy Institute. We were welcomed by Prof Pourkashanian and other researchers. The main interest of Sheffield University was on carbon dioxide capture by the advanced technologies such as solvents and solids. The visit was hosted by the Management School and Pilot-scale Advanced CO2 Capture Technology (PACT) Core Facilities. The team attended and gave presentations showcasing the organization profile and latest research being pursued, informing the team about research opportunities for potential collaboration pursual, and highlighting the following goals:

x To expand UK’s Scientific collaboration with Kuwait in reinforcing research efforts in Clean Energies x To raise the profile of UK expertise in Scientific Research x To support UK-Kuwait Scientific collaboration x To facilitate increase in UK-Kuwait Scientific Collaborative partnerships x To contribute to the wider debate on #Clean Energy and to support Kuwait’s efforts to tackle this issue.

This was held at the Ella Armitage Building with presentations focusing on key topics clean energy research and technologies. Discussion of potential collaboration opportunities and ways to move forward were discussed after the presentation by attendees. University Profile

Located in the city of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, the University of Sheffield is a public research university, a member of the Russell Group of research-led universities, and one of the UK’s original redbrick universities. Since 1905, the University of Sheffield has established itself as one of the largest and best universities in the UK, consistently positioned in the top 100 in the World University Rankings. We have a reputation for teaching and research excellence across our six faculties: arts and humanities, engineering, medicine, dentistry and health, science, social sciences, and international faculty, city college, Thessaloniki, Greece. Today the university teaches 25,000 students, including around 3,900 international students from 120 countries, and employs approximately 6,000 staff. Our research influences national, regional, and international policy and changes lives. We are in the top ten per cent of UK universities for the strength and impact of our research (latest Research Excellence Framework in 2014). Our reputation for excellence attracts some of the best minds in the world. These exceptional people are drawn to Sheffield by the opportunity to work at the frontiers of knowledge on research which makes a difference. To make this happen, we have created four bold new research institutes within the University, each focused on an era-defining challenge: The Energy Institute, the Neuroscience Institute, the Healthy Lifespan Institute, and the Institute for Sustainable Food. The creation of focused research institutes enables us to bring our key strengths together in exciting new ways. Through our flagship research institutes, we are tackling some of the most important social, economic and health challenges facing the world today. Bringing our expertise together from different disciplines into our flagship institutes allows us to create innovative solutions which improve lives.

Agenda The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Visit Summary (5th of December 2019)

KISR delegates visited the University of Manchester and were received cordially by representatives and researchers from the Faculty of Science and Engineering. We were welcomed by Professor Kevin Taylor, Head of Research for the School of Natural Sciences, and other researchers representing a diverse range of departments from across the Faculty. The main interest of the University of Manchester was on the development of Advanced Materials, particularly Graphene, and Catalysis (Plastic Waste into Fuel). The visiting delegation also received presentations from researchers affiliated to the Sustainable Energy Systems cluster, Energy Geoscience, and Manchester Environmental Research Institute.

The visit also provided the opportunity to tour research facilities including the National Graphene Institute and the pilot plant facility attached to the Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences. The KISR and Manchester representatives delivered a series of reciprocal presentations, showcasing the respective organizations and latest research being pursued, whilst exploring opportunities for potential research collaboration. There were positive follow-up discussions with identified scope for cooperation across a number of areas including carbon capture and storage, sustainable energy systems, atmospheric sciences, and graphene/2D materials. University Profile

The University of Manchester is based in the north of England and is among the largest universities in the UK, with around 40,000 students (almost 11,500 international) currently enrolled alongside 12,000 staff. The University is famous for its academic and research excellence and is also a member of the Russell Group of leading UK Universities.

In the latest QS World Rankings, the University of Manchester is placed at 27th globally, whilst ranking 6th in the UK and 8th in Europe. As well as global academic rankings, Manchester has also been named the top institution in the UK (2nd in Europe and 8th globally) in the Times Higher Education (THE) University Impact Rankings. The University is configured across three faculties (Biology, Medicine & Health; Humanities; and Science & Engineering) complemented by a number of interdisciplinary institutes which enable the University to address grand challenges and drive research forward. Whilst the University undertakes research addressing a wide range of challenges it has identified the following research beacons for particular focus: Advanced Materials, Cancer, Energy, Global Inequalities, and Industrial Biotechnology.

The University of Manchester’s research heritage is reflected in its 25 Nobel prizes (ten for physics, nine for chemistry, three for physiology/medicine and three for Economics), the most recent being awarded for the University’s pioneering work in the isolation of graphene. . The University has seen significant investment in world class infrastructure such as the National Graphene Institute, Henry Royce Institute of Advanced Materials, and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, all of which facilitate the University’s drive for world-leading research and innovation.

Agenda Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Visit Summary (4th of December 2019)

KISR delegates visited Newcastle University, who were received cordially by representatives and researchers from the School of Engineering and the National Centre for Energy Systems Integration (CESI). We were welcomed by Professor Richard Davies ([email protected]), Pro Vice-Chancellor Global, who also has a background as a petroleum geologist and is founder and first Director of the Durham Energy Institute, followed by an exchange of ideas with Prof Phil Taylor, former Head of Engineering and Co-Director of the National Centre for Energy Systems (CESI). The visit aimed to explore scope for collaboration in the area of Clean Energies, as wide-ranging as solar and wind energy to biotechnology, waste material conversion and smart building and construction. The team attended and gave presentations showcasing the organization profile and latest research being pursued, informing the team about research opportunities for potential collaboration.

Newcastle academics Prof Lidija Siller, Dr Jonathan Lee, Dr Greg Mutch, Dr Tosin Obata and Dr Mark Ireland were giving presentations on their work concerning CO2 mineralisation, Carbon Capture RPBs and Bio Composites. Development of Clean Energy Generation and Catalytic Processes, Electrochemical and Bio-electrochemical systems for Energy and Environmental applications, Energy Geosciences, Wastewater and Plastic Waste treatment. Dr Anh Phan joined the group during lunch and discussed collaborating plans with Dr Sultan Al-Saleem. Dr Evangelos Papaioannou provided a tour in the labs. (Presentations available via Gwynned.de- [email protected]). Prof Phil Taylor suggested a number of colleagues that were not able to attend the meeting but might be of interest in regard to the scope of the visit, namely: Dr Sara Walker, current point of contact for further information on Energy and leading the Energy NUCoRE, is Reader in Energy, working on energy efficiency and renewable energy at the building scale. Prof Ian Metcalfe, Professor of Chemical Engineering, interested in problems in the area of catalysis and high temperature membranes. Dr Shannon Flynn, Lecturer in Inorganic Geochemistry, whose research revolves around the fate and behaviour of metals and contaminations in the environment. Prof Adam Harvey, Professor of Process Intensification and Director of the Biopharmaceutical and Bioprocessing Technology Centre. Dr Eileen Yu, Senior Lecturer, aims to research and develop a biofuel cell system, which provides power for implantable electrically operated devices, and obtain further understanding on enzymatic electrochemical reactions for glucose oxidation and oxygen reduction. Prof Ian Head, Dean of Research and Innovation in the School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, whose research seeks to unravel the microbial controls on biogeochemical process in natural and engineered environments. Prof David Manning, Professor of Soil Science and Ecosystems Services, who is interested in how soils and plants interact in response to climate change, and how we can exploit soil processes to minimise the effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions University Profile

Newcastle University is a world-class university dating back to 1834, with an international reputation for academic excellence. It is a member of the prestigious UK Russell Group of research-intensive universities and inspires the minds of 28,699 students including 5,400 students from 145 countries around the globe. With a staff complement of more than 6,200, Newcastle’s reputation has resulted in attracting some of the leading academics and researchers from around the globe, opening access to a wealth of global experiences and expertise for our students.

Ranked amongst the top 150 universities in the world (QS 2020), and 28th in the UK (Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2020), our passionate academics and dedicated researchers are exploring solutions to some of the world’s greatest challenges, pioneering new ways of thinking and collaborating with institutions that share our vision for excellence, creativity, and impact. Our students are highly sought-after, with 95% of graduates going on to employment or future study. We are one of the top 20 universities targeted by graduate employers in the UK. Many of our 214,000 alumni are at the forefront of thinking in sectors as diverse as digital technology, finance, and fine art.

From developing new cancer treatments to technology that powers billions of dollars on the New York Stock Exchange, we are dedicated to looking at old problems in new ways.

We Are Leading: Newcastle University is a global leader in Data, Energy, Cities, Ageing & Health, and the Creative Arts. Newcastle is the National Innovation Centre for a range of different research areas (Subsea & Offshore Engineering, Energy Systems, Data Science, Sustainable Cities, Health and Ageing, Rural Enterprise). Our Urban Observatory is the largest set of open environmental monitoring data in the world. Newcastle University Centre for Research Excellence (NUCoREs) bring together interdisciplinary research, teaching and engagement focusing on Global Challenges and UN Sustainable Development Goals. We Are Award-Winning: Placed 16th in the UK for research power, according to the Research Excellence Framework (2014), 78% of our research is assessed to be world leading. We are ranked in the top three for Impact and Enterprise in areas as diverse as computing science, environmental science, and English and we hold a QS Silver Award for Sustainability. Our teaching holds the highest possible award – The Gold Award – in the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) and we are amongst the 10 best European Universities for Teaching Excellence. Our staff include three T.S. Eliot Prize winners, the Scottish national poet Jackie Kay, and Turner Prize nominees. We Are Global: We are a truly international institution, educating students around the globe with a campus in Newcastle, Business School in London, and a Science and Engineering Facility in Singapore. We were also the first UK University to establish a fully owned international campus for medicine at its NUMed campus in Malaysia. With a strong focus on Internationalization, Newcastle has built partnerships with over 150 institutions worldwide, including key partners with institutions, organisations and companies in North America, Europe, East Asia, South Asia, South East Asia, and Oceania. We Are a Community: Whether it is by educating tomorrow’s leaders or finding solutions to humankind’s greatest challenges, Newcastle University exists to benefit society. At the heart of our bustling, cosmopolitan city, our community of ambitious academics, researchers, staff, and students are influencing global change together – From Newcastle. For the World. Additional Contacts

Dr Gwynned de Looijer – Research Strategy & Development - EU & International Research Funding Development Team Alex Morgan – International Relations and Partnerships – International Office Stephen North – International Recruitment – International Office Agenda

Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland

Visit Summary 6th of December 2019

The visit was coordinated by Professor Mercedes Maroto-Valer from Heriot-Watt University. Professor Maroto-Valer is the UK’s Industrial Decarbonization Research and Innovation Champion and Director of the Research Centre for Carbon Solutions. Time was spent exploring their laboratory facilities. Their research interest was related to steam injection for oil wells, material characterization by advanced techniques, and biomass. The university has an innovation centre for carbon dioxide capture, transport, storage, and utilization. For carbon dioxide separation, the research focuses on conventional methods such as solvents and adsorbents.

Heriot-Watt University is interested in collaboration on a broad range of research related to the net zero agenda. Out Prospectus for Recovery and Growths sets out our commitments to a sustainable green economic recovery https://www.hw.ac.uk/documents/recovery-prospectus.pdf University Profile

Heriot-Watt University’s mission is influenced by its heritage as the world’s first Mechanics Institute, established in 1821 to provide inclusive access to the knowledge and skills necessary for emerging industries in a growing economy. Since then, the University has transitioned into a significant international organization that is well placed to help drive productivity through educating the future international workforce; nurturing specialist talent; advancing R&D in emerging areas of technology; building global collaborative partnerships; commercializing technology and developing new trade and investment opportunities. Our approach is inclusive, encompassing a vibrant research environment with an entrepreneurial spirit, allowing us to offer a unique ecosystem where people can develop their careers, advance the most promising ideas, and deliver outstanding impact for society.

x The UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 ranked Heriot-Watt 22nd in the UK, with 82% of our research as world-leading or internationally excellent x Heriot-Watt University is 9th in the UK and 1st in Scotland for research impact x Over 80% of our academic staff are currently engaged in research at internationally recognised levels x Heriot-Watt University ranked 302nd in the world in the 2019 QS World University Ranking x At least 90% of students were satisfied overall with their course in 10 of our 22 subject areas in the National Student Survey 2019. x Heriot-Watt University is 37th in the world, 13th in the UK and 3rd in Scotland for international outlook based on THE World University Rankings 2019. x 8th in Scotland in the Guardian University Guide 2020 x 95% of graduates are in employment or further study within six months of graduation x More than a third of Heriot-Watt’s 7,000 Edinburgh campus students are from outside the UK and this international focus is also demonstrated by the 10,000 students from 150 different countries worldwide studying on its international programmes. Agenda

Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, UK

Visit Summary

Kuwaiti delegates have visited the Royal Agricultural University (RAU) which has been at the forefront of agricultural education and a key contributor to the land-based sector for 175 years. The RAU has more than 1,100 students studying agriculture, animal science, business, environment, equine science, farm management, food, real estate, and rural land management. The University, which is based in Cirencester, Gloucestershire, prides itself on its links with industry and all courses are designed to meet the demands of the employment market for land-based and agri-food chain expertise, both in the UK and worldwide.

During this visit, RAU scientists have presented their research work on the developments in food security and nutrition. In addition, the potential collaboration between UK-Kuwait scientists have been discussed. The series of presentations were started by Prof. Louise Manning by giving an overview of research expertise at RAU. Prof. Manning has highlighted the research topics that government and industry in the UK are focusing on to derive improvements in productivity and resource efficiency. These topics include:

1- Improving environmental performance, including soil and health; 2- Livestock health and animal welfare; 3- Safety and trust in the supply chain.

She has explained that RAU is running three research systems to cover these topics including:

1- Sustainable Soil Systems; 2- Healthy Animal Systems; 3- Smart Food Systems.

There are more than 30 scientists at the RAU who have contributed effectively in terms of their scientific publications, developing new products, policy-making, and meeting wider stakeholders needs, and through the work of Farm491, Agri-Tech innovations and incubation programmes.

Then in the next presentation Prof Manning has focused on research and knowledge exchange in food safety and nutrition. She has shown the key research project that she has participated in which includes:

x Improving food security and nutrition; x Exotic disease compensation; x Enabling consumers to increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables, and establishing transparency in the food supply chain using Blockchain technology; x Motivators and economic incentive drivers in the meat industry; x Investigation of the overall effectiveness of food sampling and surveillance in the UK by local and port health authorities; x Development of risk-based sampling guidance for enforcement officers; and x Risk and impact of internet selling of food.

The last four all being research report for the UK Food Standards Agency.

She has also shown the impact of the National Farmers Union’s “Fit for the Future” campaign to help consumers eat more fruits and vegetables and also other programmes like “Food Sold Online” to give guidance for local authorities on food sold on the internet. The impact of the traditional public media (newspaper, TV, etc.) and social media in the knowledge exchange among farmers are also key aspects of her work. University Profile

The Royal Agricultural University (RAU) has been at the forefront of agricultural education and a key contributor to the land-based sector for 175 years. Today, the RAU has more than 1,100 students studying agriculture, animal science, business, environment, equine science, farm management, food, real estate, and rural land management. The University, which is based in Cirencester, Gloucestershire, prides itself on its links with industry and all courses are designed to meet the demands of the employment market for land-based expertise, both in the UK and worldwide. Farm491 is a leading UK based AgriTech incubator and innovation space based at the Royal Agricultural University, supporting entrepreneurs as they advance their business with potential for impact in the agricultural sector.

Farm491 support AgriTech and agri-food entrepreneurs in converting their idea or technology into a viable and successful business. This is achieved through Farm491 membership, which provides access to a network of mentors, investors, service providers and farmers, as well as active in-house support to help businesses find the root cause of any hurdles, and establish a plan of action in order to increase the probability of success.

They offer: x 1-1 support to help develop key focus areas such as strategic advice, hiring and investor readiness x Access to strong network – mentors, investors, and farmers x Invitations to exclusive events, such as investor days and farmer focus groups x Potential to collaborate with RAU students and academics x Hot-desking, practical workshops, and offices x Promotion and exposure within the industry Farm491 locations x The Alliston Centre - Farm491 HQ, includes office space and hot-desking facilities x Trent Lodge - office space x Harnhill Workshops - hot-desking and workshop space x Free to attend workshops

Farm491 are able to offer free workshops, part-funded by GFirst LEP and the European Regional Development Fund. The two-day workshops are designed to provide the bespoke support, tools, and knowledge that innovators need to turn their AgriTech concept into a transformative product or service. Over the two-day workshops we focus on the why and vision of your business, and in doing so help you to communicate your concept, product or service to the right market with a clear idea of how you will disrupt or assist the agricultural industry.

Farm491 offers this for innovators, start-ups and existing AgriTech enterprises both locally and nationally. During the two days, delegates will also develop their elevator pitch and by the end of the workshop have an investor ready elevator pitch. Agenda University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Visit Summary

The University of Exeter visit was hosted by the Collaborative Center for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures (SAF) a joint venture between the University of Exeter and the Center for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas). The visit has exposed the Kuwaiti delegates to leading UK research expertise in aquatic food security and in particular aquaculture disease control and water quality through two sessions.

Session 1 focused on water quality and aquaculture research topics. The first presentation was been given by Dr. Rob Ellis (University of Exeter) which covered an overview on the SAF facilities and research activities on sustainable aquaculture. SAF research on water quality of production environments is of key relevance to industry and commercial aquaculture production. Research focuses on the current management of water chemistry (with a particular focus on carbonate chemistry and calcification related variables) in hatcheries, grow-out pond systems and large-scale RAS, and on the optimization of water chemistry based on the physiology of production species to maximize productivity and sustainability.

Where environmental management is not possible (i.e. open system mariculture), research focuses on optimization of aquatic species to suit the current, and projected future, production environments. SAF aims to establish strong national and international partnerships and collaborations to accelerate the uptake research findings into improved production management processes, as well as through the production of optimal strains, across a broad range of aquaculture settings. Dr Ellis listed further ongoing research programs that SAF is working on with the corresponding scientific leads, which include:

¾ Aquatic Disease: Dr. David Bass and Dr. Mark van der Giezen ¾ Genomes and Host –Pathogen Interactions – Dr. Ronny van Aerle and Dr. Eduarda Santos ¾ Aquatic Disease Modelling and Epidemiology – Dr. Nick Taylor and Prof. Tamara Galloway ¾ Environment and Animal Health – Dr. Ioanna Katsiadaki and Prof. Rod Wilson ¾ AMR – Dr. David Verner Jeffreys and Prof. Will Gaze ¾ Aquatic Food Safety – Dr. Craig Baker-Austin and Dr. Steve Michell

The second presentation was on the assessment and mitigation the risks of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and water quality. Dr. Ross Brown (University of Exeter) presented the key HAB genera/species in the UK with its targeted species. He highlighted the importance of understanding the physical, chemical, and biological factors that influence HAB risks in order to facilitate sustainable operation & future expansion of coastal and offshore aquaculture. Dr. Brown listed the area of research that he is focusing on, which include:

¾ HAB monitoring to Elucidate temporal and spatial patterns for proper aquaculture planning ¾ Statistical (correlative) site-specific models ¾ Mechanistic models

The third presentation was given by Dr. Adam Porter (University of Exeter) focusing on the impact of microplastics and interaction dynamics in the environment. Dr. Porter’s research focuses on developing new techniques to study the dynamics of microplastics through marine ecosystem, their uptake into marine organisms and how plastics and the environment interplay, highlighting the complexity of the marine plastic pollution problem.

The last presentation for session 1 was focused on the dynamics of pathogenic marine bacteria, in particular microbes such as vibrios that represent an emerging disease threat in Europe, driven by climate change. Dr. Craig Baker-Austin (Cefas) explained the utility of the remote sensing to detect infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface for prediction of Vibrio outbreak. Utilizing this retrospective data may prove invaluable in predicting future outbreaks. Besides remote sensing, Dr. Baker-Austin described the use of the molecular tools, such as whole genome sequencing that could allow identifying the sources of outbreaks, evolutionary relationships between strains and potentially areas where new cases may emerge.

The second session was focused on diseases and aquaculture and was composed of 4 talks. Dr. Kelly Bateman (Cefas) presented her research on emerging disease in shrimp aquaculture which is one of the most important topics for Kuwait. Dr. Bateman listed major shrimp disease listed by OIE which are as follows,

¾ White Spot Disease (WSSV)-viral disease ¾ Taura Syndrome (TSV)- viral disease ¾ Yellow Head disease (YHV, genotype 1)- viral disease ¾ Infectious hypodermal and haemopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV)- viral disease ¾ Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV)- viral disease ¾ White Tail Disease (Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus)- viral disease ¾ Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)- bacterial disease ¾ Necrotising hepatopancreatitis (Hepatobacter penaei)-bacterial disease ¾ Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci)- parasite disease

She explained that among these diseases, EU-listed only three potential diseases out of them (WSSV, TSV and YHV) only for quarantine because these cause massive losses in global culture (> US$ 10bn for WSD since late 1990’s), high mortality rate, distributed in most global production areas, no vaccines, chemotherapy or immune-stimulants are available; and Significant threat to non-target hosts. For that, she emphasized the importance of the rapid detection and response to an emerging (or re-emerging) disease which can be easily conducted through OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas is one of them. For Kuwait, it is crucial first to set up disease detection procedure based on OIE standards to protect the aquaculture sector from disease outbreaks. The second step is to list the potential disease in the GCC region for quarantine.

Another two presentations by Dr. Diana Minardi (Cefas) and Shayma Alathari (University of Exeter) were given on the value of next generation sequencing and cutting-edge technologies including Nanopore MinION and Illumina Miseq tools for detection and description of the disease- associated microbiome in fish and shrimp aquaculture systems. University Profile

The University of Exeter combines world class research with excellent student satisfaction at its campuses in Exeter and Cornwall. It is a member of the Russell Group of leading research-intensive universities. Formed in 1955, the University has 25,263 students from more than 130 different countries. Its success is built on a strong partnership with its students and a clear focus on high performance.

Research at the University of Exeter focuses on some of the most fundamental issues facing humankind today. Recent breakthroughs to come out of Exeter's research include the identification and treatment of new forms of diabetes and the creation of the world's most transparent, lightweight, and flexible conductor of electricity. Development of the new £52.5 million Living Systems Institute research centre is now complete. It will focus on disease prevention through predictive biology and will eventually house 200 scientists. It follows a major refurbishment project, which saw the creation of world-class research and teaching facilities for Biosciences. More than half of the research at the University of Exeter is conducted in partnership with industry, Government agencies and cultural and social organizations, which ensures that research outcomes are economically and socially relevant.

Exeter was named The Times and The Sunday Times Sports University of the Year 2015-16 acknowledging the University as the best in the country in academic and athletic achievement across a wide range of sports. The University was also voted the Sunday Times University of the Year 2012/13. It is ranked amongst the UK’s top universities in the Higher Education league tables produced by the Times and the Sunday Times. It is also ranked amongst the world’s top 200 universities in the QS and Times Higher Education rankings.

Exeter has always been among the leaders for student satisfaction in the National Student Survey. The senior management team has sought to build on this strength by putting student service at the centre of its strategy. The Students' Guild is involved at the earliest stages of strategic planning and given a major role in making spending decisions through a specially created Budget Scrutiny Group. This has led to a remarkable degree of joint thinking and teamwork.

The most visible expression of this partnership is the Forum, a £50m student services building which provides a centerpiece for the Streatham Campus and which opens onto an attractive piazza. It houses a purpose-built student services centre, 400-seat lecture theatre, a shop, bank, and café. Other new facilities on the Streatham Campus include the INTO building which provides flexible teaching spaces, a lecture theatre, and a learning resource centre for international students to improve their English.

The Penryn Campus has benefited from the Environment and Sustainability Institute; a £30 million interdisciplinary centre that leads cutting-edge research into the consequences of environmental change and the mitigation and management of its effects, while the Exchange building provides a lecture theatre, library facilities and spaces for small group discussions and exhibitions.

Exeter’s success has been built upon strong foundations of leadership, governance and management, a relentless focus on performance and a sector leading partnership with its students. Agenda Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom

Visit Summary

Mr. Paul Howes (Aquatic Resources Manager, CSAR) has given a brief introduction and overview on the ongoing projects at the Center for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR) at Swansea University. Dr. Sara Barrento (Science Communication and Stakeholder Manager; CSAR) in the next presentation has explained in detail about “The Biophilic Living: The Picton Yard” project. The project simply is a mixed-use development, providing affordable new homes and workspace alongside a community urban farm in the heart of Swansea City Centre. The project is expected to commence on site in April 2020 and complete in early 2022.

In the third presentation, Prof. David Gethin (Engineering, Swansea University) has explained about the application of the printing and coating technologies in sensing the aquatic environment for better management. This type of technology will be highly benefited aquaculture sector as it could provide them with real-time water quality reading for better practice.

Then, Ms. Fleuriane Fernandes has presented the research of ALG-AD group. ALG-AD is three- year Interreg NWE funded project, which is being led by Swansea University. The project aims to use waste for sustainable growth by developing new technology to take excess waste nutrients produced from anaerobic digestion of food and farm waste to cultivate algal biomass for animal feed and other products of value. ALG-AD brings together a group of scientists and engineers from 11 different partners in four countries across North West Europe. These academics are working together with industry to develop a circular economy solution to create wealth from waste. She has explained that ALG-AD is building three pilot facilities at three distinct real-life conditions locations in North West Europe: Devon, Ghent, and Brittany. Each facility will use local conditions to grow the algae and record results. Information from the three pilots will generate a Decision Support Tools. These tools together with demonstrations to stakeholders will promote adoption of the new technology.

Finally, Kuwait delegates has visited CSAR facilities which was Equipped with modern, fully programmable recirculating aquaculture systems that can Carrey out applied research on a diverse range of aquatic organisms, from temperate to tropical and marine to freshwater environments. Also, we have visited algal research group facilities which covers small scale laboratory algal cultivation and, biochemical and metabolome analysis, through to larger scale pilot cultivation using photobioreactors and up and downstream processing in their greenhouse facility. University Profile

Swansea University is a research-led university that has been making a difference since 1920. Our diverse and welcoming community thrives on exploration and discovery, with a balance of excellent teaching and research, alongside a superb quality of life.

Our commitment to research with real-world benefits has seen us achieve our ambition to be a Top 30 Research University, soaring up the 2014 Research Excellence Framework league table to 26th in the UK from 52nd in 2008.

Swansea University has been named University of the Year in the Whatuni Student Choice Awards for the second time in five years. As well as being crowned University of the Year, Swansea University took the top spot in the International category and placed top three in the Postgraduate, and Course and Lecturers categories. Now in its sixth year, the Whatuni Student Choice Awards are voted for entirely by students, with more than 41,000 reviews and comments submitted from more than 160 UK institutions.

In the prestigious Times and Sunday Times, Good University Guide 2019, we have risen six places into the UK Top 30. We are runner-up for the overall UK University of the Year and have won the Welsh University of the Year title for the second time in three years, cementing our position as Wales’ leading higher education institution. Swansea University is top in Wales in The Guardian University Guide 2020. The proportion of students satisfied with their course has increased significantly, with Swansea now ranked 4th in the UK. Swansea is also ranked joint 5th alongside Cambridge University for the proportion of students achieving graduate-level employment or further study six months after graduating.

We place our students at the heart of everything. As a result, we achieved a gold rating, the highest rating possible, in the national Teaching Excellence and Student Outcomes Framework (TEF) and are ranked UK Top 10 for student satisfaction in the National Student Survey for 2019.

Our stunning waterfront campuses make us a desirable location for students and staff from around the world, and our multicultural community provides a global perspective, enabling those who join us to develop skills and knowledge that set them on successful and enriching careers. Agenda Cardiff University, Wales

Visit Summary

KISR delegates visited Cardiff University who were received cordially by representatives and researchers from the different Research Institutes. The team attended presentations showcasing the organization profile and latest research being pursued, informing the team about research opportunities for potential collaboration pursual. This was done at the Water Research Institute with presentations focusing on key topic of sustainable water management and how they are tackling the challenge with an integrated, interdisciplinary research response.

University Profile

Situated in Cardiff, UK, Cardiff University is a global, ambitious, and innovative university with a bold and strategic vision located in a beautiful and thriving capital city. With over 7,000 international students from more than 100 countries, their campus offers a diverse and truly international environment attracting the best students and staff from around the world. They develop and support a culture which encourages international exchanges and collaborations, with over 17% of our undergraduate students spending time abroad. Cardiff Universities strategic partners and links with over 200 institutions worldwide highlight their global reputation and international outlook. These partnerships span more than 35 countries including 40 across China, nine in Malaysia and over 20 in the US.

The Water Research Institute was launched in 2015 to address the grand challenge of sustainable water management for people and ecosystems in a changing world. Their mission is to foster world-leading interdisciplinary research that will have strong impact and be used as evidence by decision makers. They do this by providing a creative environment where researchers from different disciplines co-design and co-deliver research with stakeholders and end-users to provide integrated understanding and solutions to tackle global water challenges.

Their research involves the grand challenge of sustainable water management that requires an integrated, interdisciplinary research response. This challenge cannot be solved by natural scientists, engineers or social scientists working in isolation. They build on existing research excellence from across Cardiff University to address complex water issues and research questions in a truly interdisciplinary manner. These questions include:

How can we sustainably manage catchments to support people and ecosystems? How do we adapt water systems to global change risks? How do we use and re-use water more wisely? They bring together groups of researchers to explore a range of interdisciplinary water themes. Their groups are always keen to collaborate with partners from industry, government, the third sector and academia. These themes include:

Water in a changing world Catchment and ecosystem resilience Circular water Digital solutions for water risk management Water for health, wellbeing, and livelihoods Plastics from source to sink Agenda Concluding Remarks Overall, the Kuwait-United Kingdom Scientific Program Inward Visits during 2019 to 2020 were very successful, as they have laid some major groundwork for future scientific collaboration. These collaborative efforts will work towards strengthening the partnership between Kuwait and the United Kingdom, while contributing towards achieving each nation’s strategic visions. Although the visits were relatively short, they were effectively well planned out to give maximum exposure to some of the United Kingdom’s leading research universities in pursuit of potential opportunities for collaboration. It allowed researchers from Kuwait and the United Kingdom the opportunity to meet, explore institutional facilities in the United Kingdom, and discuss the prospects of joint ventures in the pursuit of cutting-edge science.

The Inward Visits effectively demonstrated the potential both Kuwait and United Kingdom have in jointly pursuing research ventures. Researchers during the trip were able to identify and develop prospective project ideas with various universities.

These project ideas and their outcomes will provide a steppingstone for new collaborations that will help facilitate and accelerate research that in turn strengthen strategic relations between Kuwait and the United Kingdom.

The Inward Visit Reports found in the following section showcase the project concepts towards joint research endeavors that resulted from both inward visits. Inward Visit Reports

Focus Area(s): Food security, food security policy, economic growth, food safety, nutrition Affiliated U.K. Royal Agriculture University (RAU) University/Universities:

Synopsis/Abstract (max. Kuwait faces major challenges in sustaining food security with 300 words): its rapid population growth, arid land, and scarcity of water resources. In fact, Kuwait depends heavily on food imports and is highly exposed to shocks related to the volatility of global food prices, fluctuations in food supply, climate change and political instability in the region. Food waste is another major challenge facing Kuwait related to food security. Kuwait needs to be resilient to shocks that might affect the status of food security. Furthermore, investing in food security can potentially serve as a support mechanism geared towards achieving sustained economic growth. Of course, this would require policymakers to design innovative integrated multi-sectoral policies, away from the dominant oil sector. This command significant investment in competitive exploration of how to identify best practices of efficient allocations of resources to food production, and linked sectors, along with mechanisms of sustained productivity growth. Developing an investment strategy in food security will create more jobs, diversify Kuwait’s income away from oil revenues and raise the country’s GDP thus boosting its economic growth. Naturally, this strategic choice of investment must address the externalities, such as potential effects on the environment. Food waste valorization can be an important dimension, both in terms of the impacts on the environment and its potential utilization to boost bio- economy activities. Strategic integrated processes for the valorization of food waste can form significant sources of added-value products. This may represent another pathway towards sustainable food provision, and sustainable economic growth. A national food security policy should consider the multidimensional nature of food security that includes food access, availability, food use and stability. Developing a national food security policy involving all related stakeholders is key to achieve success. In fact, in order to achieve H.H. Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Vision for "New Kuwait" 2035, the development plan must include food security and nutrition strategies. Safe and nutritious food have an impact on health and labor productivity, therefore, reduces health expenditures, enhances productivity, and boosts economic growth. Project Concept Note: The development of Kuwait National Food Security Policy x Duration 12 - 18 months

x Budget 15,000 KD

x Objectives - To develop a national food security policy - To develop an investment strategy x Workplan x Consult related stakeholders x Review the current policies and strategies x Review other countries policies and strategies x Perform SWOT analysis and risk assessment x Develop national food security policy x Develop an investment strategy x Develop related strategies and supportive policies x Man months R: Researchers: 4 P: T: A: Total: 4 x Scientists involved Due to circumstances of Covid-19 scientists involved are yet to (KISR and U.K.) be confirmed. x Expected Project Developing a national food security policy. Outcomes x Potential Future R&D x Evaluation of the national food security policy and the impact assessment. x Funding Opportunities KFAS/PAFN Focus Area(s): Monitoring the prevalence crustacean bacterial and viral diseases in the local fish market of Kuwait

Affiliated U.K. Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science University/Universities: (Cefas)

Synopsis/Abstract (max. In shrimp aquaculture industry, outbreaks of shrimp disease have 300 words): caused significant economic losses worldwide during the last two decades. Internationally, there are some mechanisms for shrimp viral disease spread. Importation of live shrimp for aquaculture is one of the major routes for disease transmission mechanism. Sea birds, such as seagulls, and other arthropod (i.e. crabs) can be potential pathogen carriers. Another potentially important mechanism is the international trade of frozen shrimp which may carry viruses from one country to another. Hence, it is very important to prevent against spreading of pathogens by enhancing biosecurity. The purpose of this research project is to screen and monitor the viral diseases of crustaceans in the local market of Kuwait. During the study, six shrimp diseases will be screened in different shrimp samples including: cultured, captured, fresh and frozen shrimp, and other arthropods to investigate prevalence infection. The results of the current research project can offer prevalence rate and the most susceptible shrimp diseases in the local market and also will indicate in subclinical pathogen carriers. This survey is valuable for development and formulation of biosecurity and risk management system for shrimp farming sector in Kuwait. Project Concept Note: x Duration 2 years

x Budget KD154,240

x Objectives x To screen and monitor shrimp diseases pathogen in crustacean of local fish market x To investigate the prevalence rate and specify most susceptible shrimp pathogen during four seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter.

x Workplan Different shrimp samples: cultured, captured, fresh and frozen and other arthropods such as crab and lobster will be collected from local fish market in Kuwait. Those samples will be transfer to the laboratory in KISR and dissected to collect target tissues for pathogen screening tests. Samples are anticipated shrimp/prawn; Penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus affinis (if it is possible to collect other species, they are Penaeus indicus, Litopenaeus vannamei), and crab: Portunus segnis. To preventing contamination between species, each species will be collected from 10 to 30 specimens and store respectively, and it will be transferred to laboratory within ice. Target tissues (hepatopancreas, muscles, pleopods and gill) are collected and pooled for further procedures such as tissue homogenization and extraction of pathogen.

DNA and RNA will be extracted from the pooled target tissues from crustacean samples. Subsequently, each pathogen will be screened based on OIE manuals (Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2018) by PCR and RT-PCR method. This project will be focus on shrimp pathogen of OIE-listed diseases. Especially, five shrimp viral diseases pathogen: white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), yellow head virus (YHV) and Taura syndrome virus (TSV), and one bacterial disease pathogen: Vibrio parahaemolyticus for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) will be investigated from collected samples in local fish market. Through this procedure, seasonal: spring, summer, fall, and winter, and various crustacean samples will be determined the presence or absence each pathogen. There is no evidence and reports regarding presence of shrimp disease pathogens in fish market, farm, and Kuwait sea water. This research is focusing on OIE-listed diseases pathogen under this status and level, therefore other non-listed shrimp diseases pathogens are not considered in this research. RNA and DNA are extracted from pooled target tissues and used for PCR using each pathogen specific primer set. The procedure for RNA will be conducted reverse transcription to cDNA before PCR. Subsequently results of PCR will be confirmed using electrophoresis. x Man months R: 15 P: 20 T: 10 A: 2 Total: 47 x Scientists involved Dr. Kelly Batman (Cefas), Dr. Sunhye Bae (KISR) and Dr. (KISR and U.K.) Sherain Al-Subiai (KISR) x Expected Project The proposed project will contribute to provide new knowledge Outcomes regarding infection status of shrimp diseases and set up a guideline for biosecurity of importing shrimp and shrimp farming. The outcome of the project will be:

x Screening six shrimp diseases pathogen in crustacean of the local fish market x Investigation of the prevalence rate and specify most susceptible shrimp pathogen during four seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter. x Potential Future R&D This project is the foundation towards conducting a full study on the surveillance of the shrimp diseases in the coastal water of Kuwait. This research will fill the gap of knowledge on the priority of the disease that should be listed by Public Authority of Agriculture Affairs and Fish Resources (PAAF) in Kuwait for quarantine procedure. The basic data regarding shrimp pathogen is not enough to comprehend present wild shrimp status in Kuwait and to secure the shrimp farming sector as well. x Funding Opportunities KFAS/UK funding agents Focus Area(s): Clean Energies Research & Development

Affiliated U.K. Newcastle University University/Universities:

Synopsis/Abstract (max. Dust storms play a big role in renewable energy technology 300 words): performance and efficiency. Depending on the location and the climate, some areas have more sandstorms than others. In the Shagaya location where the renewable energy power station in this proposed study is located, wind is fairly high. As this location is an open desert location, sandstorms are very common and have different effects on the two different technologies in question, wind and photovoltaic. The wind turbines in the Shagaya power station currently available were optioned with a high temperature package that allows more air flow to pass through the nacelle ultimately allowing the dissipation of heat, however, this means more dust in the air filters of the nacelle, this in turn could cause blockage of the air flow and hence increasing the nacelles components temperature. This may affect the operation availability and allowable down time where energy may not be produced. When it comes to photovoltaic (PV) cells, dust and high temperatures may cause calcification that can reduce the cells efficiency if not immediately cleaned. Water in the desert is also scares and very hard to get by. The visit to Newcastle university was the most beneficial. Being an MSc. graduate of the university in the field of renewable energy, I clearly understand the university’s interest in renewable energy, specifically in wind energy. Unfortunately, no one in the meeting was from the renewable energy program, nevertheless, I established a contact with Mr. Stephen North (Regional Manager Middle East) to connect me with researchers from the renewable energy department, with interest in sever hot and dusty climate conditions, such as what we have here in Kuwait, and what could possibly be done to improve performance in these conditions. This was all sparked by sharing some of the energy production figures we have in Kuwait with what is being generated in UK. Offshore wind energy production in UK costs 40 BP/MWh, equivalent to 0.016 KD/KWh at best and could reach average values of 70 BP/MWh or 0.028 KD/KWh. On-Land wind energy production in Kuwait costs 0.015 KD/KWh, this is due to average capacity factors of 44%, reaching 74% during summer months. Project Concept Note: Effect of Hot Desert Weather and Dust on Wind Turbine & Photovoltaic Cell Performance. x Duration 3 years

x Budget 250,000 KD

x Objectives x Determine high temp and high dust effects on wind turbine and photovoltaic performance both separately and combined. x Develop / Improve wind turbine cooling systems x Establish proving grounds for renewable energy technology manufacturers. x Improve renewable energy technology efficiency, operation, and performance.

x Workplan x Establish a detailed seasonal temperature and dust effect on both wind turbines and PV cells for 12 months. x Develop intricate cooling and cleaning equipment, systems, and techniques to reduce the effects of heat and dust. x Invite manufacturers to test their latest cooling and cleaning systems in Kuwait (Shagaya).

x Man Months R: 2 P: 3 T: 4 A: 1 Total: 10 x Scientists involved KISR: (KISR and U.K.) - Eng. Waleed Al-Nassar - Dr. Ali Al-Dosari

Newcastle University: Mr. Stephen North (Regional Manager Middle East) to connect KISR with researchers from the renewable energy department with interest in severe hot and dusty climate conditions.

x Expected Project To have the university of Newcastle conduct any hot desert climate Outcomes conditions research at the Shagaya Wind Energy and Photovoltaic Power Plant. x Potential Future R&D To collaborate with manufacturers to use the Shagaya wind and photovoltaic power station as proving grounds for future extreme hot and dust climate equipment. x Funding Opportunities KFAS, KISR and UK funding agents Focus Area(s): Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate on 2D nanohybrid catalysts Affiliated U.K. University of Newcastle University/Universities: University of Herriot watt Synopsis/Abstract (max. Energy crisis and global warming are the two main reasons why to concern 300 words): CO2 conversion to fuels including formic acid or formate, methanol, methane, and multi-carbon oxygenates is: to reduce CO2 emissions at sources produced by consumption of fossil fuels for energy production and to contribute into production of non-fossil energy for next generation. Among which electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (eCO2R) is an eco-friendly process because of not required harsh reaction conditions (not strict control of temperature, pressure, and PH). The eCO2R into formic acid or formate has been more attention due to formic acid is one of the most promising energy sources for fuel cell and hydrogen storage, as well as supporting the anthropogenic carbon cycle. Formic acid contains energy density 6.4 MJ.L-1 and 4.4 wt% of hydrogen is 53.4 g/L at standard temperature and pressure. The electrocatalytic CO2 to HCOO- conversion process has some limitations to be solved, including low Faradaic efficiency (FE), a large over potential, poor CO2 solubility in the catholyte, low stability and poisoning of electrocatalyst by CO2 and product recovery cost. The two-dimensional (2D) materials-based catalysts like MXenes are used as nanostructured metal oxide /chalcogenides materials for CO2 conversion to liquid fuel. They are promising catalysts for their unique properties for enhancing the faradaic efficiency of formate performance. Project Concept Note: x Duration 2years x Budget 300,000KD x Objectives 1-To convert CO2 to formic acid fuel using nanostructured 2D MXenes and graphene-based electrodes. 2- To design and optimize the electrochemical workstation for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction into energy fuel. 3- To characterize and evaluate the energy fuel products and their faradic efficiency. x Workplan 1- Synthesis of active catalysts 2- Electrode Fabrications 3- Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction using 2 and 3 electrode systems x Man Months R: 6MM P: 3MM T: 4MM A: 1MM Total: 14MM x Scientists involved M. Vinoba, N. Ghaloum, M. Rana (KISR) (KISR and U.K.) Gwynned de Looijer, TosinObata (Newcastle University) x Expected Project The development of innovative catalysts for the production of clean and Outcomes sustainable fuel products using electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. x Potential Future R&D To convert CO2 into many high-value chemical products (i.e., ethanol), which is an added advantage to emphasis on new promising technologies. x Funding Opportunities KFAS, KISR, UK EMBASSY Focus Area(s): Integrated, Sustainable Biomass and Wastewater Treatment System for Biofuel and Coproducts Production System from Local Microalgae Affiliated U.K. Swansea University University/Universities:

Synopsis/Abstract (max. Enhancing energy sustainability by reducing the carbon footprint 300 words): and reducing the consumption of non-renewable resources for energy production are a high priority for Kuwait’s future. Furthermore, because Kuwait relies heavily on importation of Food (>8o% of the total demand), improving the sustainability of local food production is critical enhancing food security. To achieve these goals, Kuwait has multiple untapped resources including access to the sea, flat undeveloped land, intense solar radiation, and rich native algal biodiversity (270 plus species) that can be strategically exploited to develop advanced integrated, sustainable biofuel and food production systems. Therefore, it is proposed in this project to blend sterile, nutrient-rich fresh water resources from sewage treatment plants with sterile reject saline water from water desalinization facilities to provide growth media for the large-scale cultivation of local heat-tolerant algae selected for optimal biomass productivity, nutritional qualities, and for their capability to produce high value coproducts for the specialty, commodity and polymer industries. The HTL and CHG processes will be optimized for converting algal biomass to biocrude and coproducts. If needed, selected local algal strains will be genetically engineered for optimal biomass productivity, stress tolerance, lipid, and nutrient qualities, and for their capability to produce high value coproducts. TEA/LCA model guided system design will be performed to optimize overall target performance goals.

Project Concept Note: x Duration Phase I: Two years Phase II: Three years x Budget Estimated Budget for Phase I: KD 890,500/- to cover capital and operational expenses during the first two years. Manpower cost to be covered by partner organizations.

x Objectives Develop an integrated microalgae-based biofuel and coproduct production infrastructure that can serve as a sustainable and secure model for the environmental conditions of Kuwait and the Arabian Peninsula (GCC) region. x Workplan The project will be implemented in two phases. The main research areas are the following: x Area I: Selection of high performing local marine algae strains that are fast growing with high biomass productivity and high lipid content with desired level of heat-, light- and crash tolerance. x Area II: Introduce and optimize of advanced, integrated cultivation, harvesting and biomass processing system to attain desired profitability and sustainability. x Area III: Establish semi-commercial (2 ha) testing-cum- demonstration unit and optimize integrated, scalable microalgae-based biofuel and coproduct production. x Area IV: Introduce and optimize production of high-value, high market demand, coproducts compatible with continuous flow algae processing in addition to biofuel. x Perform first-order LCA/TEA modeling to optimize overall targets/ performance goals. This will be a continuous process.

Considering the continuously evolving, multidisciplinary nature of the research, additional tasks may have to be undertaken based on the need to overcome problems encountered in the above phases. Continuous refinements in the technology package will be necessary beyond this phase to insure desired economic parity and sustainability under Kuwait’s environment.

The first phase will include research areas I and II, whereas research areas III and IV will be accomplished in Phase II. LCA/TEA will be performed throughout both phases.

Sterile, nutrient-rich water resources from sewage treatment plants will be blended with sterile reject water from water desalinization facilities to provide growth media for the large- scale cultivation of local heat-tolerant, nutrient-rich algae. Local algal strains will be selected and if needed, genetically engineered for optimal biomass productivity, stress tolerance, lipid, and nutrient qualities, and for their capability to produce high value coproducts for the specialty commodity and polymer industries. The integrated production facility will recycle inorganic nutrients from fish farms and municipal wastewater and sewage sludge to sustain algae growth. In addition, solar radiation and energy generated from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sewage sludge will be used to offset energy costs from external sources. The HTL and CHG processes will be optimized for converting algal biomass to biocrude and coproducts. Finally, the complete system will be subject to continuous evaluation and improvement through an integrated life cycle (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) to insure economic and sustainable production for Kuwait. x Man months (Phase I) R: 14 P: 24 T: 30 A: 4 Total: 70 x Scientists involved A multidisciplinary team from KISR and Swansea University (KISR and U.K.) (possibly others) comprising molecular biologist, agronomist, biotechnologist, chemical engineer, wastewater treatment specialist, environmental scientist, and economist will be involved in this project. x Expected Project x Selection of highly efficient local algae strains (4-5 Outcomes Strains). x Fully integrated advanced algae production and harvesting systems for high profitability, sustainability, and energy efficiency. x Integrated wastewater treatment, nutrient recovery, and energy production systems. x Engineered coproducts from algae not presently done at commercial scale to offset biofuel production cost. x Full LCA/ TEA to support commercialization of integrated biofuel and coproduct production from native algae. x EIA of integrated biofuel production system. x Potential Future R&D Phase II and III The innovative technologies continuously emerging in this area have demonstrated that besides biofuel, microalgae biomass can be utilized to produce biopolymer, bioplastic, biosurfactants, succinic acid, polyurethane, and several other high value products. Furthermore, the recent development of advanced biomolecular engineering, cultivation, harvesting, and biomass conversion tools has opened new opportunities for other commercial sectors using algae biomass as a feedstock will further reduce the cost of biofuel production to

Synopsis/Abstract (max. Kuwait’s virgin soil is predominately sandy (coarse sand content 300 words): of 70% and above) in texture, calcareous in nature and has negligible organic matter and, consequently, has low water and nutrient holding capacities. The climate is very harsh with low and erratic rainfall, high temperatures, low relative humidity, strong dry winds, and frequent dust storms. Under these conditions, no plant production activity is possible without supplemental irrigation, but the soil quickly becomes saline and gets covered by impervious crust posing serious challenge to viable crop production. Therefore, a sound strategy is essential for efficient management of soil and water resources based on soil’s productive capability and prevailing environmental conditions. Soil’s productive capacity can be manipulated by following integrated irrigation and nutrient management practices. Hence, the main purpose of this project will develop climate-smart, precision irrigation and nutrient management practices for major field crops (date palm, potato, and onion) to match temporal and spatial variation in soil properties. The techniques that will be tested and integrated would include real time monitoring of crop evapotranspiration and soil moisture, regulated deficit irrigation, variable rate irrigation, targeted irrigation, and site-specific nutrient application to control nutrient leaching. These will be combined with soil organic carbon management. The main output will be sustainable agricultural production system for Kuwait’s climatic and growing conditions.

Project Concept Note: x Duration Three years

x Budget KD 250,000/-

x Objectives Develop an integrated, climate-smart irrigation and nutrient management techniques as means for achieving sustainable crop production in sandy soils. x Workplan This project will be implemented in date palm, potato, and onion. The onsite weather station and near continuous soil moisture measurements from drill and drop soil moisture probes will be used to determine hourly, daily, and monthly ET0, dynamic Kc, and ETc. The data will be used for both estimating the daily irrigation water requirement and identifying any malfunctioning of the irrigation system. The area to be used for growing these crops, will mapped based on available texture, moisture, ECe and major nutrient levels. Using these data, management zones will be established. Near continuous soil moisture status will be monitored in each of the irrigation management zones using field senor network. Soil water balance model will be used to simulate wetting and drying patterns of each management zone. Irrigation events will be scheduled on a day when critical soil moisture deficit (CSMD) is reached. In the uniform rate irrigation treatment (URI), irrigation will be applied to the entire area when zone with the smallest AWC reached its CSMD rates. In contrast, irrigation event in the variable rate irrigation (VRI) treatment will be scheduled based on the CSMD for each management zone. Additionally, performance of these crops to regulated deficit irrigation (RD) and partial root zone drying (PD) will be determined by subjecting them to various irrigation treatments. For each of the RD and PD irrigation treatments, three irrigation application methods (surface, subsurface or deep layer) will be tested.

Similarly, using the grid system, representative samples will be collected and analyzed to delineate nutrient management zones. Factorial combinations of N, P and K fertilizers will be applied based on-site specific requirements and yield targets using site- specific management practices. Measures to build soil organic carbon will also be practiced. The EIA and economic feasibility of precision irrigation and nutrient management practices will be determined under Kuwait’s climatic conditions.

Based on the results of the above tasks, best irrigation and nutrient management practices based on site-specific application will be developed for securing sustainable production of date palm, potato, and onion under Kuwait’s environment. x Man months (Phase I) R: 24 P: 50 T: 24 A: 6 Total: 104 x Scientists involved A multidisciplinary team from KISR and Royal Agricultural (KISR and U.K.) University (possibly others) comprising horticulturists, irrigation management specialist, soil scientist, instrumentation engineer, and economist will be involved in this project. x Expected Project x Accurate real-time crop ETc, irrigation water requirements Outcomes and crop coefficients for date palms, potato, and onion under Kuwait’s climatic conditions. x Precision irrigation and nutrient management techniques (BMP) for improving growth, yield, quality, and water productivity under Kuwait’s conditions. x Preliminary information on economic feasibility and EIA of precision irrigation scheduling and site-specific nutrient application in date palms, potatoes, and onions. x Potential Future R&D x Influence of best irrigation and nutrient management practices on pest incidence and product quality. x Application of wireless sensor network (WSN) and communication technology for PI scheduling. x Development and validation of precision irrigation modeling software. x Application of aerial thermal imaging and remote sensing to determine water status and its use in PI scheduling. x Funding Opportunities KFAS Focus Area(s): Sustainability and Reliability of Infrastructures

Affiliated U.K. KISR (Kuwait) University/Universities: Sheffield University (UK)

Synopsis/Abstract (max. To study the effect of Green supply chain practices in 300 words): manufacturing industries in Kuwait

Carbon emissions due to economic activities are established to be global challenge. Governments of all countries need to develop environmental practices and policies for large-scale collective actions to regulate greenhouse gas emission. In this direction, the concept of the green supply chain needs to be introduced into the manufacturing and other industries in order to achieve sustainable development. Hence, green regulations and principles need to be introduced through policy making to meet the low Co2 emission interest of any country. Though there are extensive work has done globally, there is no work done in Kuwait related to green supply chain management. The relationship between a green supplier, Green procurement, green logistics, green products and process designs and regulatory framework, and environmental performance, and competitive advantage in various industries needs to be examined. In the present research, it is proposed to examine the green supply chain management in various types manufacturing industries in Kuwait (such food manufacturing companies, construction material manufacturing industries, etc.). Case studies will be conducted in different types of industries using a questionnaire and statistical analysis software as research tools. The questionnaire will be prepared to examine the relationships between various element of green supply chain management and environmental performance. This study investigates how far different sectors of in Kuwait are able to manage green supply chain with respect to all aspects of environmental practices. Project Concept Note: x Duration 14 months

x Budget 25,000

x Objectives To examine the effect of Green supply chain practices in manufacturing industries in Kuwait in co2 emission reduction and their competitive advantage x Workplan To be provided x Man months R: 3 P: 5 T: A: 0.5 Total: 8.5 x Scientists involved Dr Shaikha Al-Sanad (KISR) (KISR and U.K.) Professor Lenny Koh (UK) x Expected Project Effect of green supply chain management on manufacturing Outcomes industries in Kuwait x Potential Future R&D To develop the policies for green supply chain management in Kuwait x Funding Opportunities Supreme council for pODQQLng, UN Focus Area(s): Sustainability and Reliability of Infrastructures Program, EBRC Affiliated U.K. University of Strathclyde, UK University/Universities: University of Manchester, UK

Synopsis/Abstract (max. Development and Application of Virtual reality-based 300 words): inspection of bridge in Kuwait

There are more than 350 bridges in Kuwait. These bridges include concrete bridges, steel bridges etc. In the recent past, there are additional new bridges are being built in the country. Proper and timely maintenance of these bridges are very important to reduce the operational cost these important infrastructures. Performance evaluation of bridges can be done either by visual inspection, or destructive and non-destructive testing methods or structural health monitoring or by the combination of the above methods. Of all these methods, visual inspection remains the most primary and cost-effective method for bridge condition assessment, especially for large scale. In fact, outcome from the visual inspection aids further study, if required. Traditionally, this inspection is done manually, and it required large number of skilled personals for conducting these inspections. In the present work, it is recommended the use modern technology such as lidar to capture, on-site, an image of the structure with all its imperfections such as cracks, corrosion, spalling, signs of corrosion, seepage marks, weathering, segregation, honeycombing etc. The processed image can be displayed in an immersive 3D virtual reality environment for assessment. Visual inspection through virtual reality (VR) promises to be a highly efficient and highly powerful inspection technique.

Project Concept Note: x Duration 12 months

x Budget 45,000 KD

x Objectives To develop and carry out bridge infrastructure inspection through a 3D virtual reality (VR) x Workplan The work will involve the following tasks 1. Review of existing Bridges in Kuwait: Select different types of bridge and down select two types of bridges for the present study 2. Review of Selected bridges: As built drawing, previous history of maintenance, damage history, any previous filed measurements and other relevant information 3. Development of Virtual reality technique for bridge inspection: In this research the combined use of VR and LIDAR as a novel tool for the inspection of bridges and demonstrates its use for typical bridges in Kuwait. Terrestrial LIDAR will be used to digitize the geometry of a selected bridges. The proposed methodology will contribute to a standardize principal inspection method for bridges in Kuwait. 4. Reporting x Man months R: 7 P: 10 T: 0 A: 0.5 Total: 17.5 x Scientists involved Dr Shaikha Al-Sanad (KISR) (KISR and U.K.) Dr Jafarali Parol (KISR) Dr Mojgan Hadi Mosleh (UK) x Expected Project A virtual reality-based bridge inspection technique will be Outcomes developed x Potential Future R&D KFAS, Supreme council of planning, MPW x Funding Opportunities The tool developed in this project can later be used to carry out bridge inspection in Kuwait Focus Area(s): Sustainability and Reliability of Infrastructures Program, EBRC Affiliated U.K. University of Strathclyde, UK University/Universities: University of Manchester, UK

Synopsis/Abstract (max. 300 Supply chain risk assessment of energy infrastructure words): In Kuwait Modern engineering applications often involve a number of stakeholders which contribute to successful delivery of products and services, adding value to the society and increasing the quality of life of people. Such stakeholders include lower tier contractors, employees, external specialists, while they often have an international element in their planning and executions. As the complexity of projects increases, so do the risks involved for project owners as well as the end users. Mitigation of these risks is a key success factor for such projects following systematic approaches of risk management. Although significant research is currently taken place in this area over the globe, there is no work done relevant to Kuwait construction industry supply chain. Hence, additional research and development of technological solutions should take place considering the all the local socio-economical situation in Kuwait and in the region. The current research is aiming to reduce the economic impact to the society due disruption in supply chain in the construction industry in Kuwait. Especially for large scale infrastructure projects, this phenomenon is increasingly important. This project will develop and apply an online, cloud-based platform for the evaluation of risks across the construction supply chain in Kuwait. The platform, which will be administered by KISR, will allow suppliers of multiple tiers to evaluate their risks, both individually and across the supply chain, introducing appropriate mitigation measures in place to sustain uninterrupted operations in non-normal occasions. The online application that will be delivered and administered by KISR will bring significant benefits across all levels of the supply chain: lower tier suppliers will be able to understand their prevailing risks and prepare relevant mitigation plans; higher tier suppliers will be able to characterize their supplier basis and potentially differentiate to suppliers that are better prepared or less affected by pandemics’ effects; finally, governments will benefit as they will ultimately need to ensure the timely completion of all important energy infrastructure project with minimum risk. Project Concept Note: Supply chain risk assessment of energy infrastructure In Kuwait x Duration 14 months

x Budget 30,000 KD

x Objectives To develop an online based tool to identify and mitigate supply chain risks in the construction industries in Kuwait x Workplan The work will involve the following tasks 1. Perform a detailed literature survey of supply chain risk databases and associated tools available in the market, if any. 2. Develop a risk policy through reviewing appropriate standards and best practice documents across multiple industries. 3. Perform a taxonomy of different types of lower tier suppliers, with a focus on complex engineering projects. 4. Develop risk databases for each type of supplier that will be identified, including causes and potential effects. 5. Develop an architecture for a cloud-based, secure, and user-friendly tool for effective risk assessment. The application will have an AI based module.

6. Perform two case studies for indicative cases of complex engineering problems that have specific relevance for Kuwait 7. Reporting x Man months R: 3 P: 4 T: 0 A: 0.5 Total: 7.5 x Scientists involved (KISR Dr. Shaikha Al-Sanad (KISR) and U.K.) Dr. Rodger Edward (UK) Professor Athanasios J. Kolios (UK)

x Expected Project Outcomes A cloud-based application with AL/machine learning based module One case study using the developed app in collaboration with a construction company in Kuwait x Potential Future R&D KFAS, Supreme council of planning x Funding Opportunities The tool developed in this project can later be altered and tailor made by adding various modules for various government departments in Kuwait to identify and manage the risks in the infrastructure projects. Focus Area(s): Coastal Management/Engineering; Numerical Modelling Affiliated U.K. University of Exeter University/Universities:

Synopsis/Abstract (max. Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) develop when favorable 300 words): environmental conditions are met. HAB traditionally leads to reduction in dissolved oxygen levels and disturbance to the ecological cycle. In addition, the threat of HABs could extend to reach human health and commercial activities due to reduced water quality. Hence, formation, fate, and transport of HABs are crucial factors to understand the implications of HABs. Recently, this phenomenon has been observed to be accelerating globally, including off the western coast of Europe and the Arabian Gulf. Although many studies have been conducted on the lifecycle of the pathogenic microorganisms, further research is warranted vis- à-vis their fate and transport, especially in the aforementioned geographical regions. Numerical models can be developed or utilized to hindcast observed blooms using existing meteorological and water quality data that would be obtained from the University of Exeter. Numerical models can provide detailed information spatially and temporally to key parameters which enables further understanding to this phenomenon. Most important, HAB (and other pathogens) can be traced back to their sources, allowing decision makers to promulgate “cradle-to- grave” mitigation measures.

Project Concept Note: x Duration 24 months

x Budget 155,000 K.D.

x Objectives 1. To setup, calibrate and validate a numerical model for hydrodynamics and water quality. 2. To numerically hindcast observed HAB 3. To identify potential pathogen sources and track their effects 4. To recommend mitigation measures for coastal management strategies. x Workplan 1-3 months data analyses 4-6 months data-gap collection 7-10 months model setup, calibration, and validation 11-15 model results analyses and scenario set up 16-20 months scenario results analyses 21-23 months management strategies 24 Reporting x Man months R: 13 MM P: 10 MM T: 7 MM A: 4 MM Total: 34 x Scientists involved Dr. Bassam Shuhaibar, Dr. Yousef Al-Osairi (KISR) (KISR and U.K.) Mr. Rob Ellis (Exeter) x Expected Project 1. A working hindcasting numeral model Outcomes 2. A map showing potential pathogen sources 3. A report recommending respective mitigation measures x Potential Future R&D This research could be expanded to other pollutants or naturally occurring phenomena, either in the same geographical location or others that experience the same issues. x Funding Opportunities KISR; KFAS; UK Government Focus Area(s): Graphene-based membranes

Affiliated U.K. National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester University/Universities:

Synopsis/Abstract (max. Graphene, the 2D material that exhibits extraordinary properties 300 words): with the ability for tuning selective permeability makes it an excellent candidate for mostly all membranes. Large amounts of oily wastewater are produced from various industrial processes especially from petroleum refineries putting significant burden on the environment. Therefore, looking for novel methods for oil- water separation is becoming a necessity and graphene-based materials have an excellent potential in achieving more efficient performance of oil-water emulsion separation. Many technologies have been developed for oil/water filtration such as air floatation, gravity separation, oil absorbing materials, coagulation, and flocculation. However, those well-developed methods fail in the case of treating emulsified oil/water mixtures when the oil droplet sizes are smaller than 20 μm. Typical membranes such as polymer-dominated filtration ones are not suitable in harsh environment such as in Kuwait. Therefore, ceramic-based membranes are considered the best option for Kuwait’s environment due their high chemical, thermal and mechanical stabilities enabling them to sustain excellent functionality in corrosive and high temperature environment. The main challenge in ceramic-based membranes is the fast fouling rate and low fluxes in the case of emulsified oil filtration. Thus, recent technologies use functionalized ceramic membranes such as using coating and grafting but they still suffer from serious drawbacks of requiring complicated steps and harsh reaction conditions. However, the proposed method of using graphene and GO should provide an economically and environmentally favorable approach. Project Concept Note: x Duration ~24-30 months

x Budget To be determined

x Objectives 1. To develop novel graphene and graphene oxide (GO) modified ceramic membranes. 2. To achieve high oil-water emulsion separation rate. 3. To achieve low fouling rate. x Workplan -Graphene and GO synthesis should take place in KISR using liquid phase chemical exfoliation using graphite source. Altering the synthesis parameters should affect the resulted graphene quality and properties in order to produce different graphene samples for performance comparison when implemented in membranes.

-Graphene and GO characterization should take place between Kuwait and UK. Various characterization techniques will be employed to study the characteristic of the produced graphene such as FESEM, HRTEM, UV-Vis, XRD and XPS.

-The fabrication of the graphene-based membranes will be carried out in UK by the collaborating research groups as their expertise are mainly in chemical engineering with research focus on membranes.

-The performance of the graphene membranes then should be evaluated using water and oil/water samples from Kuwait where the filtration and fouling rates are the main evaluation criteria. x Man months R: P: T: A: Total: To be discussed. x Scientists involved Dr. Maryam Adnan Saeed (KISR) (KISR and U.K.) Prof. Rahul Raveendran Nair (NGI, University of Manchester) x Expected Project Novel graphene-based membranes for water treatment/filtration Outcomes x Potential Future R&D Scale-up of the produced graphene membranes x Funding Opportunities KFAS and/or oil sector (to be discussed.) Focus Area(s): Smart Cities Environmental monitoring Population Health Affiliated U.K. Cardiff university University/Universities: Exeter University

Synopsis/Abstract (max. Kuwait has various challenges with the upcoming decade, and 300 words): with these challenges are to be mitigated with HH Amir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Vision 2035. Building an informational model from the CUSP platform for Environmental Monitoring. CUSP also includes a social media reporting tool that will be especially useful for the EPAs monitoring of various environmental and human health hazards. Using Twitter data and a specific #hashtag e.g. #EPA alert to notify inspection departments or relevant authorities to the issue. This social media data can be harnessed to alert various departments of certain types of environmental issues occurring all around Kuwait in real-time. The data can then be exported to another format to be used in statistical modelling to provide significant hotspots of activity. Data analytics will allow cities and localities of Kuwait to be a part of a smarter cities’ initiative. Project Concept Note: x Duration 1 Year

x Budget N/A

x Objectives Feasibility and Collaboration to establish a working guide on how to best implement CUSP to best suit Kuwait. x Workplan Feasibility Study x Data Collection x Follow Up Meeting and Discussion x Report Development and Evaluation Collaboration x Working Groups Established x Capacity building activities for key stakeholders x Key Deliverables and Project outcomes Implementation x Project Completion x Evaluation on Deliverables x Post Completion report of project and feedback x Man months R: 2 P: 4 T: 4 A: 2 Total: 12 x Scientists involved EPA – (KISR and U.K.) Zakarya Alkhabbaz Dr. Muna M. Hussain KISR – Waleed Roy Dr. Bassam Shuhaibar KFAS – Husain Al Helal Cardiff University – Andrei Hodorog x Expected Project x Enhancing EMISK capabilities Outcomes x Collaborations between EPA, KISR and KFAS with UK institutions from CUSP platform x Potential Future R&D x 3D modeling and hydrodynamic modeling of oil spills and harmful algae blooms. x Bacterial and chemical testing of food products and other potential pathogens to also be implemented into CUSP platform x Funding Opportunities KFAS KISR EPA Focus Area(s): Environmental monitoring and research

Affiliated U.K. Cardiff university University/Universities: Exeter University

Synopsis/Abstract (max. In the interest of the Kuwaiti people and its government, 300 words): collaboration with certain institutions in the UK and internally within Kuwait will be beneficial to enable governmental policies. Cooperation will be needed between farmers, EPA, and food supplies. Bacterial testing of vegetables, aquaculture products and other potential pathogens will be required from the various relevant departments to ensure food quality and safety is met to the upmost standards. Another point to mention is the agricultural run-off and environmental impacts of intensive farming have not been fully experienced and will require stringent monitoring on the behalf the EPA to ensure these impacts are mitigated or reduced. This is where an environmental record of certain companies and entities can be compiled. based on the performance of their environmental record consumers of their products can view detailed information of – environmental impact, sanitation, integrity, and many other parameters. With the introduction of aquaculture food production systems, EPA will need some collaborative support for the monitoring of aquatic animal health Fish and crustacean health checks. Potential researchers from the EPA could join the relevant institutions for a joint training and development and vice versa. This cultural, social, and technological exchange will allow researchers and foster collaborations in future endeavors. Project Concept Note: x Duration 1 Year

x Budget N/A

x Objectives Feasibility and Collaboration on UK and Kuwaiti Researchers on environmental monitoring and knowledge building on various afflicted issues. x Workplan Feasibility Study x Data Collection x Follow Up Meeting and Discussion x Report Development and Evaluation Collaboration x Working Groups Established x Capacity building activities for key stakeholders x Key Deliverables and Project outcomes Implementation x Project Completion x Evaluation on Deliverables x Post Completion report of project and feedback x Man months R: 1 P: 5 T: 5 A: 1 Total: 12 x Scientists involved EPA – (KISR and U.K.) Zakarya Alkhabbaz Dr. Muna M. Hussain KISR – Waleed Roy Dr. Bassam Shuhaibar KFAS – Husain Al Helal Cardiff University – Dr Angelina Sanderson Bellamy Professor Jo Cable Swansea University – Dr Kelly Bateman Exeter University – Professor Charles Tyler x Expected Project Inter-collaborations between EPA, KISR and KFAS with UK Outcomes institutions with various environmental, social, and economic issues. x Potential Future R&D TBA x Funding Opportunities KFAS KISR EPA Focus Area (s) Clean Energy Affiliated U.K. Heriot-Watt University university Abstract Kuwait is an oil dependent country that produces and processes large quantities of crude oil. Such production is associated with carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a number of sources. According to the world economic forum 2017, the utilization of CO2 as a fuel source is one of the top emerging technologies. Such conversion is believed as to be an ideal path to minimize problems such as global warming and energy shortage. Over the past years, there has been growing interest in systems employing photocatalysis. It has been intensively investigated as a clean and green process for environmental application and sustainability. Photocatalysis had proven to be effective, low-cost technology that had been increasing over the last decades. However, the implementation of photocatalytic processes on a larger scale requires a photoreactor; a device where a photocatalyst can be employed and activated to do certain function . We propose a novel photoreactor design to be developed for transforming CO2 into a chemical fuel. This technology will utilize the solar radiation as a main source of energy and a photocatalytic material such as Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4); which exhibits several remarkable advantages, including abundant active sites, large surface-to-volume ratio, making it promising candidates with high photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction. Project Concept Note Designing of a solar photoreactor for CO2 conversion in chemical fuel Duration 24 months Budget Still not finalized Objectives x To synthesize solar light-activated photocatalysts based on g- C3N4 and characterize these materials using advanced analytical techniques. x To assess the efficiency of the mesoporous g-C3N4 based photocatalytic materials for photocatalytic CO2 reduction in water. x To develop a designed solar photoreactor for converting CO2 into fuel Work plan The overall activities are grouped into these tasks: x Synthesis C3N4 based photocatalysts x Characterization of prepared photocatalysts using advanced analytical techniques x Design and build the solar photoreactor x Evaluation of prepared photocatalysts for reduction of CO2 Man Months Scientist Involved Kuwait: Dr. Latifa Al-Hajji [email protected] Dr. Adel A. Ismail [email protected] Dr. Narges Ghaloum [email protected]

UK: Dr. Garcia Lopez, Susana [email protected]

Expected Project x Novel mesoporous g-C3N4 based photocatalysts as solar light- Outcomes activated photocatalysts for CO2 reduction x Developed solar photoreactor for CO2 conversion into fuel x In addition, energy-saving and cost-effective techniques can contribute to the sustainable development of human societies Potential Future R&D The outcomes of this proposed study are very essential for guiding the research in the area “Photocatalytic CO2 conversion into usable chemical fuels” towards developing innovative and more sustainable approach. Moreover, in a global point of view, the developing techniques are expected to show promise in the utilization in the whole world regarding the CO2 reduction. Funding Opportunities Focus Area (s) CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Storing (CCUS) Affiliated U.K. Newcastle University university Abstract Kuwait is challenged by the limited availability of fresh water, which is fully depended on seawater desalination operated by the multistage flash evaporation (MSFE) technique. The water consumption in Kuwait is considered as one of the highest water consumptions in the world. Currently the water production is around 2.26 million m3 per day from 7 water desalination plants. Therefore, the rejected brines of the desalination plants are expected to be huge. It is estimated that around 4 million m3 of the rejected brine is produced every day. As a result of discharging the brines and hot water from the 200 desalination plants distributed also by other Gulf countries to the Arabian gulf, water salinity is extremely high, and also influences the desalination process cost and efficacy. In this proposal, we are targeting not only solving this environmental problem but also to convert it to an economic opportunity by the help of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The aim of project is to develop and optimise an economical method of CO2 capture and mineral sequestration using waste brines. This would include sequestration of CO2 with cations from brines by employing recently discovered first inorganic heterogeneous catalysts nickel nanoparticle (NiNPs) Project Concept Note Continuous and rapid CO2 mineralization with brines in tubular reactor Duration 24 months Budget Still not finalized Objectives 1) Obtaining a high yield of calcium carbonate from brines with application of nickel nanoparticles catalyst at the most suitable metal oxide support as 2) Recovery of nickel catalysts from brine solutions for re-use 3) Obtaining a high yield of magnesium carbonate from brines with application of nickel nanoparticles catalyst at the most suitable metal oxide support 4) Recovery of nickel catalysts from brine solutions for re-use on different metal oxide supports 5) Developing a tubular reactor for continuous process Work plan The overall activities are grouped into these tasks: x Nickle nanocatalyst preparation x Characterization of prepared Nickle nanocatalyst x Optimization x Mass production & Pilot experiments Man Months Scientist Involved Kuwait: Kuwait University Prof. Ali Bumajdad [email protected] KISR Dr. Latifa Al-Hajji [email protected] Dr. Adel A. Ismail [email protected] Dr. Ghada Alnuaibit [email protected]

UK: Newcastle University Prof.Lidija Siller [email protected] Miss Ning Zhang

Canada University of Guelph, Toronto Dr. Rafael Santos Expected Project The main outcome is the mineralization of CO2 into solid Outcomes carbonates, which is a way to store the CO2 as a solid mineral permanently and a developed a tubular reactor for such continuous process. Converting CO2 into MgCO3 is of high economic value Potential Future R&D The outcomes of this proposed study are very essential for guiding the research in the area CO2 reduction and expected to show promise in the utilization in the whole world regarding the CO2 reduction and utilization. Funding Opportunities KFAS Mission Report

Name Activity Program Husain AlHelal R&D Co- IED – P3: Enterprise Funding/Awareness/Practical Technological Development Solutions

Overview of Mission / Event: A delegation from Kuwait was invited by the British Council and British Embassy to visit 4 leading research institutes in the areas of food security and climate change. The delegation was based in Cardiff between 16th Feb to 21st Feb 2020. Throughout the week the delegates from Kuwait visited Royal Agricultural University (Cirencester), University of Exeter, Swansea University, and Cardiff University. Each visit was structured in a manner whereby the delegates from Kuwait introduced themselves and their respective institutes work/interests in the field of food security and climate change. This was followed by the research institutes presenting their active and completed research projects in related areas. After the presentations, networking sessions were held prior to tours of the facilities. At the end of each day, the respective research institute and delegates from Kuwait would discuss potential future collaborations and exchange details for further discussions. Destination: UK: {Royal Agricultural University, University of Exeter, Swansea University, Cardiff University}

Travel Date: From:16/02/2020 To:21/02/2020

Event Title: Food Security – Second inward visit to the UK

Event Host / Sponsor: British Council Why Did you Choose to Attend? The British Embassy invited a representative from KFAS to visit UK Global leading Research Institutes to enhance cooperation between Kuwait and UK scientists, to join a delegation of scientists from Kuwait. Approximate Number and Types of Attendees: KISR – 4 attendees KU – 2 attendees EPA – 1 attendee PAFN – 1 attendee British Embassy – 1 attendee KFAS – 1 attendee Highlights of the Event: The site tours at each of the institutes were the highlights of the trip, as we were able to see the research put into practice and discuss the commercial impact and viability of all the topics discussed. The ability to transfer such technology to Kuwait with the lessons learned from the institutes could have lasting impact on Kuwait’s future work in food security and climate change. What Sessions Did You Find Most Valuable? It is hard to pinpoint the most valuable session as each of the sessions have profound impact for Kuwait and KFAS going forward. However, the general consensus between each of the delegates was the trip to University of Exeter provided the most opportunities for collaboration between Kuwait and the UK institutions. This in part was due to the diversity of work and the maturity of the projects presented at that particular session. There was a genuine interest from all Kuwaiti stakeholders at that session whereas other sessions did not speak to each of the delegates interests in as broad a sense. However, for KFAS each of the sessions were extremely valuable. What Networking Events Were Beneficial: All of the networking events were beneficial. We were able to talk more in depth about the topics presented that directly impacted our work, and we were able to onboard several researchers as potential knowledge providers going forward. Overall Summary of Event Experience: The first stop during the inward visit was to the Royal Agricultural University in Cirencester. The delegates from Kuwait were introduced to their research areas primarily focusing on food security as well as their Farm491 Agritech Innovation & Incubation Hub. Ending the day with a tour of the state-of-the-art facilities.

Secondly, the delegates visited Exeter University to learn about their work in aquaculture, food security, and plastic waste research. The day ended with a tour of the facilities and on-going research projects in aquaculture.

Thirdly, the delegates visited Swansea University starting with an overview of the CSAR projects in sustainable aquaculture, biophilic living, printing sensors for aquatic environments, ALG-AD creating wealth from waste, and ending with a site visit.

Finally, the delegates visited Cardiff University. Getting exposed to their work in smart cities (computational urban sustainability platform), new technologies for disease surveillance, digital innovations in local food supply chains, digital solutions for water risk management, tidal renewable energy, plant stress and senescence, pathogens and detection of listeria in ready-made foods, flood dynamics and coastal erosion. Recommendation for future attendance by KFAS Staff: Extremely important that KFAS attend such events in the coming future as KFAS play an integral role in the promotion, facilitation, and funding of collaborative research projects between institutions and industry. However, in order for KFAS to benefit and be represented accordingly, it is vital that the selected individual has a decent background in the private sector and research sector in order to engage in meaningful discussions.

Please complete the following for meetings and field work related travel: Background (Trip Purpose / Objectives):

The UK Science & Innovation Network (SIN), British Embassy and British Council in collaboration with Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) and Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) have arranged for research scientists to visit the UK to expand scientific collaboration with Kuwait in reinforcing research efforts in Food Security and climate change. As Kuwait imports some 91% of food products, food security is fast becoming a priority area for the country in a drive for a more sustainable diversified economy as part of Vision 2035. There is a growing trend to invigorate the fishing and aquaculture sector – a key part of the Kuwait economy before oil production. The delegation was based in Cardiff between 16th Feb to 21st Feb 2020. Throughout the week the delegates from Kuwait visited Royal Agricultural University (Cirencester), University of Exeter, Swansea University, and Cardiff University.

Royal Agricultural University: Agenda: 1. Introductions and Welcome – Professor Joanna Price 2. Overview of research expertise at RAU – Professor Louise Manning 3. Research and knowledge exchange in food safety and nutrition – Professor Louise Manning 4. Incubating new agri-tech business – the work of Farm491 – Luke Halsey 5. Discussion – Professor Neil Ravenscroft 6. Conclusion and next steps – Professor Louise Manning 7. Campus tour – Luke Halsey

RAU is 1 of just 6 Universities in the UK to achieve Centre of Excellence Standard from the Institute of Enterprise and Entrepreneurs (IOEE). The main research areas target the following 3 topics: 1. Sustainable soil systems 2. Healthy animal systems 3. Smart food systems

87% of the scientific papers published by RAU contribute to one or more of the UN sustainable development goals. Most of which are focused on SDG 2 – “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.

Farm491 is a leading UK based technology incubator and innovation space focused on the future of farming and food systems. Based at RAU, Farm491 support entrepreneurs as they advance their business with potential for impact in the agricultural sector. Farm491 support AgriTech and agri- food entrepreneurs in converting their idea or technology into a viable and successful business. Farm491 supports companies through membership, which provides access to a network of mentors, investors, service providers and farmers, as well as active in-house support to help businesses find the root cause of any hurdles and establish a plan of action in order to increase the probability of success.

University of Exeter: Agenda: 1. Water Quality & Aquaculture – Professor Nicola Rogers 2. Kuwait Delegation – Introduction and aims of the visit 3. Introduction to Sustainable Aquaculture Futures – Professor Rob Ellis 4. Harmful Algal Biotoxins and water quality – Professor Rob Brown 5. Microplastics Pollution – Professor Adam Porter 6. Pathogenic vibrio’s – the microbial barometer of climate change – Professor Craig Baker-Austin 7. Networking breakout session 8. Disease & Aquaculture – Professor Wendy Higman (CEFAS) 9. Emerging disease in shrimp aquaculture – Dr. Kelly Batemen (CEFAS) 10. Aquatic animal health – the value of next generation sequencing – Dr. Diana Minardi (CEFAS) 11. A universal model for studying bacterial interactions in oysters –Cameron Hubert 12. Genomic tools for field-based screening of a globally important pathogen in aquaculture – tilapia lake virus – Shayma Alathari 13. Meet and greet with University PhD students 14. Tour of aquatic resources centre – Greg Paull

Our visit to the University of Exeter included presentations from both University of Exeter employees as well as their joint venture collaborators at CEFAS (Centre for environment fisheries and aquaculture science). Key discussions were held after the talks with Dr. Nicola Rogers; she is primarily responsible for Aquaculture and Bioeconomy, developing research and innovation collaborations involving industry and external partners as well as knowledge exchange and impact activities across the University. As her work is quite similar to the role of IED P3 it was clear that further discussions after the trip would be held to see how we can learn from her experience and improve the collaborations in Kuwait between the private and academic sector. Additional discussions were held after the talks with Dr. Adam Porter; he has developed new techniques to answer key questions related to the transport of microplastics through marine ecosystems, their uptake into marine organisms and how plastics and the environment interplay; highlighting the complexity of the marine plastic pollution problem. As this is similar to some of the work being done by Equate, it would be mutually beneficial to introduce Dr. Adam Porter to Equate as a knowledge provider for potential R&D co-funding projects going forward.

Swansea University: Agenda: 1. Introduction to CSAR: overview of projects – Paul Howes 2. Biophilic Living: The Picton Yard project – Dr. Sara Barrento 3. STREAM: sensing the aquatic environment for better management – Professor David Gethin 4. Networking Session 5. ALG-AD: creating wealth from waste – Fleuriane Fernandes 6. Site visit to CSAR – Paul Howes

One of the highlights of the day was the Biophilic Living project at Picton Yard Swansea. This represents a radical new approach to living and working in the urban environment. Biophilic Living is about enabling humans to reconnect with nature and creating a cohesive community to address the increasing issues relating to social exclusion and loneliness, as well as responding to the climate emergency with innovative technology and putting nature at the heart of the city. The project is a mixed-use development, providing affordable new homes and workspace alongside a community urban farm in the heart of Swansea City Centre. The project is expected to commence on site in April 2020 and complete in early 2022. As Kuwait is looking to develop smart cities, and sustainable cities, the lessons learned from this project could have particular impact on our future residential projects. Paul Howes introduced a number of interesting projects ongoing including: {Smart Aqua, Bluefish, Amber, ALG-AD}. The Smart Aqua project offers science-based companies a chance to work with a network of researchers, aquaculture boards and multinational businesses, scientific expertise and guidance on fish and algae biotechnology as well as collaborative R&D projects. For KFAS this is an extremely exciting opportunity as there are many new companies in Kuwait working in the fisheries space that will require expertise on how to deliver sustainable aquaculture in an economically viable manner. By making the introductions during the networking sessions we are able to leverage the expertise as Swansea as knowledge providers going forward. Additionally, the outcomes of ALG-AD project will provide whitepapers and technology transfer potential for Kuwaiti companies to leverage; It aims to use waste for sustainable growth by developing new technology to take excess waste nutrients produced from anaerobic digestion of food and farm waste to cultivate algal biomass for animal feed and other products of value. ALG-AD brings together a group of scientists and engineers from 11 different partners in four countries across North West Europe. These academics are working together with industry to develop a circular economy solution to create wealth from waste. ALG-AD is building three pilot facilities at three distinct real-life conditions locations in North West Europe: Devon, Ghent, and Brittany. Each facility will use local conditions to grow the algae and record results. Information from the three pilots will generate a Decision Support Tools. These tools together with demonstrations to stakeholders will promote adoption of the new technology. There is potential to use this as a theme for a KFAS practical solutions project if seen as something that could positively impact the private sector in Kuwait. Finally, the technologies (sensor printing) introduced by Professor David Gethin have substantial impact on reducing the cost of a lot of Kuwait’s key sensing projects, in particular, the current application in the field of polymer electronics and emphasis on biopolymers and biosensing devices.

Cardiff University: Agenda: 1. Welcome and introduction to Cardiff University 2. Intelligent Systems – Professor Omar Rana 3. Computational Urban Sustainability Platform (CUSP) – Andrei Hodorog 4. Water Research Institute – Dr. David Crole 5. Sustainable food systems – Dr. Angelina Bellamy 6. Host parasite dynamics and the ecosystem impacts of invasive species – Professor Jo Cable 7. Numerical modelling of coastal and estuarine processes – Professor Shunqi Pan 8. Plant organ senescence, pre- and post-harvest stress in models and crop species– Professor Hiliary Rogers 9. Microbiomes, microbes, and informatics – Dr. Cedric Berger 10. Funding Opportunities between UK and Kuwait – Barry Martin, Waleed Roy, Husain AlHelal 11. Potential Collaborations Discussion – Professor Omer Rana

One of the highlights of the day was learning about the Computational Urban Sustainability Platform (CUSP). Presented by Andrei Hodorog, CUSP is an immersive decision support tool built to deliver powerful urban analytics: – Interactive monitoring and informed decision making through a web interface – Promoting co-simulation across disciplines – Predicting future scenarios – Moving towards a sustainable future – Decarbonizing the built environment – Intelligence at the edge – Citizens as active agents in the city landscape – Pervasive Urban Intelligence

As Kuwait is looking to develop smart cities, this particular platform shows the way for an integrated smart city strategy, the platform has been implemented already in Cardiff and Luxembourg, with the readiness and willingness to develop the same for Kuwait. This could be a potential theme for a future practical solutions project. Additionally, there is plenty of scope for KFAS to co-fund collaborative projects with Cardiff University as knowledge providers in the field of aquaculture, smart cities, digital innovations, sustainable foods and coastal defence systems. Another area in which KFAS can benefit is by learning from Professor Omer Rana’s implementation of the Data Innovation Accelerator (DIA) program; time and support of their data science team to give businesses/SME’s a ‘data innovation health check’ or work with them on collaborative projects to tackle real challenges facing the business. A DIA data innovation health check is carried out by the data science team and is bespoke to the business. Businesses will receive a report which: introduces data science and its applications in the business world; gives a number of worked examples of how data science can be applied, tailored to business needs and interests; makes recommendations to leverage the existing data to generate opportunities and to bring new products or services to market on your pathway to data innovation. From this, the business can propose collaborative projects whereby the University and business work together develop new products/innovations that benefit the business.

International Counterparts Met Name Title Agency E-mail Louise Manning Professor, Food RAU [email protected] Chain Security Joanna Price Professor, Vice RAU +44 (0) 1285 652531 Chancellor Neil Ravenscroft Professor, Vice RAU [email protected] Chancellor Luke Halsey Head of Farm491 RAU [email protected] Nicola Rogers Impact and University of [email protected] Partnership Exeter Development Manager – Bioeconomy and Aquaculture Wendy Higman Business CEFAS [email protected] Development Manager Adam Porter Postdoctoral University of [email protected] Research Fellow Exeter David Gethin Professor, Swansea [email protected] Engineering University Paul Howes CSAR Operational Swansea [email protected] Manager University Sara Barrento Stakeholder Swansea [email protected] Engagement Manager University Omer Rana College Dean, School Cardiff University [email protected] of Computer Science, and Informatics Andrei Hodoroga Research Assistant, Cardiff University [email protected] School of Engineering Findings / Work Done Issues Opportunities Others Collaborations with Farm491 agritech incubator for startup/SME project Collaborations with Data Innovation Accelerator program at Cardiff University for startup/SME project or practical solutions activity Practical solutions projects aimed at food security/aquaculture using KISR/KU in collaboration with the UK research institutes as the vendors for developing the project Co-Funding projects utilizing any of the UK research institutes as knowledge providers IED could host an awareness event/conference on the topic of food security/climate change/smart cities and utilize the points of contact at the UK research institutes as presenters. RD could potentially receive applications for funding for collaborative research between KISR/KU and the UK research institutes KFAS could fund fellowships to any of the UK research institutes for Kuwaiti researchers working in those areas

Conclusions: The trip successfully accomplished its objective of introducing and promoting collaborative research between Kuwait and the UK. Having visited a wide variety of institutions all focusing in similar areas, it was clear the appetite is there for the UK institutes to work hand in hand in Kuwait for mutual gains. Kuwait can be seen as a testbed for much of the ongoing research in the UK due to the extreme environmental conditions here in Kuwait which are not easy to test in the UK. With Kuwait importing almost 91% of its food, it is clear that researchers in Kuwait are ready to listen and work hand in hand with the institutes visited during the trip. Actions Taken and / or Recommended Actions: Work is already underway to open further discussions between KFAS and the research institutes. During the networking sessions, we were able to exchange details and share initial thoughts on potential collaborations going forward. These will be discussed more during the event hosted by KISR on March 22nd where each of the members from Kuwait will present project proposals and areas for potential collaboration. KFAS will be an important player in the facilitation and funding of such projects going forward.

Next Steps: 1- KISR Event on March 22nd 2- Follow up with points of contacts from each research institute for potential projects 3- Present key findings to IED management and gauge the appetite for future collaborative work (practical solutions, co-funding, training, SME activity) 4- Visit and follow up with KISR/KU scientists and introduce them to those who might benefit from the research in the private sector

Evaluation of how well trip purpose / objectives met: Overall, the trip was a success in achieving its objectives. IED P3 now has 4 new institutes that are aware of our program and are interested in acting as knowledge providers for future projects. Furthermore, spending more time with KISR and KU employees during the trip allowed us to discuss potential co-funded projects and the list of Kuwaiti companies that could benefit from such work. By having that time to ideate and explain the role and scope of our work we were able to make strong leads going forward.

Recommended Changes: One recommendation which was pitched during a breakout session with the Embassy delegate was to have a half day in between whereby the delegates from Kuwait could spend more time creating proposals for collaborative work between the UK and Kuwait and formalize this whilst the details were fresh in the minds. Additional focus groups could then be held in order to have proper action plans to present to our companies prior to leaving the UK. Focus Area(s): Environmental public participation on social media

Affiliated U.K. Swansea University University/Universities:

Synopsis/Abstract (max. The purpose of this research is to develop a theoretical 300 words): framework of what constitutes environmental public participation in Kuwait particularly on social media platforms. Environmental public participation has evolved in many forms as communication and activism tools improved overtime and it was never examined in Kuwait. Using participant observation, and semi-structured interviews conceptualized within the social theory of symbolic interaction, and constructivist grounded theory methods we will be able to generate a theoretical framework and explanation of what environmental public participation using social media looks like in Kuwait. Consequently, this study will contribute substantively to the existing literature as it examines public participation in informal domains within a unique socio-political atmosphere where formal public participation is limited or not effectively institutionalized. Project Concept Note: x Duration 4-6 Months

x Budget Estimated $13,000

x Objectives •To explore individual experiences of environmental advocacy and protection in order to elicit perceptions of what environmental public participation involves. •To understand environmental social media activities, behaviors, qualities or characteristics that may be perceived to represent environmental public participation in Kuwait. •To identify and understand the potential barriers and inhibitors of environmental public participation in Kuwait. •To develop a propositional grounded theory which offers an original contribution to understanding environmental participation in Kuwait. x Workplan x Man Months R: P: T: A: Total: 0 x Scientists involved Reem Alawadhi (Kuwait University) (KISR and U.K.) Sara Barrento (Swansea University) x Expected Project The theories and definitions regarding environmental Outcomes participation are mostly rooted in European and North American studies which are fundamentally different compared to other parts of the world. There is a gap in the literature where public participation is not assessed in Middle Eastern countries, hence, there are limited studies of how environmental public participate is defined in that context; therefore, this research will provide substantial original contribution to knowledge in this area. There are many factors that impact how people get engaged on social media such as deliberative democracy, equality, rights, security the boundaries of citizenship, culture; thus, one key aim of this research is to understand how environmental public participation is manifested in an oil dependent Middle Eastern county. In addition, exploring what environmental public participation means in Kuwait can create progressive environmental policy implications in Kuwait. For example, Kuwait’s Environmental Public Authority (KEPA) is heading in a new direction by creating a new online environmental portal called “Beatona” which means “our environment” (KEPA, 2019). This Portal represents KEPA’s commitment towards involving the people of Kuwait in local environmental issues and spread awareness regarding pro-environmental behaviors. This initiative is still at its infancy and there is a lack of data on how to encourage public involvement and participation in Kuwait. As a result, there is a need to understand how, environmental advocates, and concerned citizens and residents communicate their positions on environmental issues or initiatives at KEPA. Hence, the conclusions of this research will contribute to the data that is essential to develop viable policies and management plans to facilitate optimal communication between KEPA and the public to promote environmental sustainability in Kuwait. x Potential Future R&D Explore environmental justice issues, improve engagement on social media, study citizen science in Kuwait. x Funding Opportunities KFAS/ KEPA Kuwait Science Inward Visit Programme to the United Kingdom 2020