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Waterford City and County Draft Development Plan 2022 - 2028

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Waterford City and County Draft Development Plan 2022 - 2028 Waterford City and County Draft Development Plan 2022 - 2028 Appendix 8 Landscape and Seascape Character Assessment, Scenic Routes and Protected Views Landscape & Seascape Character Assessment , Protected Views and Scenic Routes 1. Landscape Protection -Legal Context The Planning and Development (Amendment) Act 2010 specifies that development plans shall contain particular objectives relating to landscape, including objectives in accordance with ‘relevant policies or objectives … relating to providing a framework for identification, assessment, protection, management and planning of landscapes having regard to the European Landscape Convention’. The National Landscape Strategy 2015 – 2025 aims to implement the European Landscape Convention in Ireland by providing for specific measures to promote the protection, management and planning of the landscape. Actions in the Strategy include development of a National Landscape Character Assessment, statutory guidelines on local Landscape Character Assessments and preparation of Landscape Character Assessments at local authority level. Landscape Character Assessment is the process of understanding and documenting the range of factors that contribute to the unique physical identity of a particular geographical area. It acknowledges that distinct areas have different capacities to accommodate change that can impact on that particular landscape character and this is understood as landscape sensitivity. Land-uses are constantly changing in response to socio-economic demands and the aesthetic response of viewers varies and may change over time, as a society’s cultural sensibilities evolve. Landscape sensitivity and impact from change needs to be assessed from a range of criteria that can include tangible and intangible emotions and perceptions e.g. ecology, archaeology water quality, climate impacts, architecture, history, noise, and odours. Assessment of landscape impact is underpinned by the recognition that landscape always has and always will change. The EPA Guidelines (Draft 2017) on information to be contained in Environmental Impact Assessment Reports, states that EIARs need to consider assessment of impacts on; Landscape Appearance and Character, Landscape Context, Views & Prospects, and Historical Landscapes. 2. Waterford Landscape Character Assessment Waterford City and County Council commissioned a Landscape & Seascape Character Assessment in 2019 to inform the review of the City and County Development Plan 2022-2028. The objective of this assessment is to assist in development management by providing criteria for decision making based on a systematic and scientific methodology and alerting applicants and designers to the need for special requirements in certain areas for landscape fit or design to facilitate the integration of development in a particular landscape character type or area. The 2020 Waterford Landscape & Seascape Character Assessment identified seven landscape character types set out below and on the accompanying map. 1 These seven landscape character types encompass the following landscape character areas; TYPE KEY NAME 1.Coastal Landscapes 1A Lower Waterford Estuary 1B Tramore Bay 1C Copper Coast East 1D Copper Coast West 1E Dungarvan 1F Helvic Head 1G Ardmore Head 2. Farmed Lowland Landscapes 2A Rathgormack Lowlands 2B Kilmacthomas Lowlands 2C East Waterford Lowlands 2D Clashmore and Newport Lowlands 2E Blackwater and Bride Lowlands 2F Kinsalebeg 3. River Corridor Landscapes 3A Blackwater and Bride River Corridor 3B Suir River Corridor 4. Estuaries 4A Blackwater Estuary 4B Suir Estuary 5. Foothill Landscapes 5A Knockaturnory Munsboro 5B Ballymacarbry/Nire Valley 2 5C Tooraneena Foothills 5D Knockmealdown Foothills 5E Drumhills 5F Glendine 6. Upland Landscapes 6A Comeragh Mountains 6B Knockmealdown Mountains 7. Urbanising Landscapes 7A Waterford city Environs 7B Tramore Environs 7C Dungarvan Environs There are further elaborated on the map below. 3. Landscape Capacity and Sensitivity 3.1 Capacity to Absorb Development The Landscape Character Assessment has classified areas within Waterford City and County according to their capacity to absorb development without changing the distinctiveness and character of that particular landscape type. A landscape that could readily absorb development without disproportionately affecting the landscape, is considered to be an area of least sensitivity. Areas where a development could easily cause a change in the character of the landscape and have impact over a wide area, would be an area of most sensitivity. The capacity of an area to visually absorb development is influenced by a combination of the following factors: 3 1) Topography-development in elevated areas will usually be visible over a wide area; development in enclosed areas will not. 2) Vegetation - areas which support (or which have the potential to support) trees, tall hedges and woody vegetation can screen new development from view. Areas which cannot easily sustain such vegetation will be unlikely to screen new development. 3) Development - New development is less likely to be conspicuous in the context of existing development in the landscape. Taking the above into account all development proposals must satisfy site suitability and technical considerations, including; • Availability of adequate infrastructure; • Landscaping and screening; • Degree to which it will give rise to ribbon development / suburbanisation of the countryside; • The height, scale, bulk, massing, finishes and detailed design; • Suitability of site layout; • Availability of adequate sight distances at vehicular entrance; • Ability to safely treat the wastewater arising from the proposed development, on site according to best practice; •Natural Heritage, Archaeology and Built Heritage Assessments and • Degree to which site development works will scar the landscape / result in a site with excessive gradient. Areas where enclosing topography, screening vegetation and/or existing development are present, should have a high potential to absorb new development. Areas of elevated topography, with low growing or sparse vegetation, with little existing development should have a low potential to absorb new development. 3.2 Disproportionate Visual Impacts Every landscape can be affected to some degree by new developments. For the purpose of development management, it is important to appraise the extent of the land affected by the visual impacts of the proposed development. It is reasonable to assume that any evaluation of the visual impact of a proposed development should have regard to whether the area of the visual impact has been adhered to to a reasonable minimum, so that a development does not impose disproportionate effects on the community and wider environs. Skyline ridges, hill and mountain tops, coastlines, promontories, headlands, lake shores and banks of large rivers are all conspicuous features in the landscape. The eye is strongly drawn to such features, principally because strong contrasts of colour and form occur along these lines of contact between the land and the sky or water. New development on or in the vicinity of such natural features has a significant potential to be conspicuous over a wide 4 area. It is accepted that these landscape features have an extremely low potential to absorb new development without causing disproportionate visual impacts. 3.3 Degrees of Sensitivity The landscape is made up of a series of compartments each of which has a distinctive character. Each unit of character is assigned an indicator of sensitivity, which indicates the extent to which the landscape will be vulnerable to change in its character. The categories will reflect the criteria of the capacity to absorb new development as well as the potential to create disproportionate visual impacts. Each unit of character can then become the focus of policy or development control. The categories in the Sensitivity Zoning Key are as follows: Table 1. Sensitivity Classifications 1. Most Sensitive Very distinctive features with a very low capacity to absorb new development without significant alterations of existing character over an extended area. 2. High Sensitivity Distinctive character with some capacity to absorb a limited range of appropriate new developments while sustaining its existing character. 3. Low Sensitivity A common character type with a potential to absorb a wide range of new developments. 4. Least Sensitive Areas of existing development and infrastructure. New development reinforces existing desirable land use patterns. 5 4. Landscape Sensitivity Guidelines 4.1(a) Most Sensitive Areas Landscape Character Areas and features designated as Most Sensitive, represent the principal features which create and sustain the character and distinctiveness of the surrounding landscape. To be considered for permission, development in, or in the environs of these areas, must be shown not to impinge in any significant way upon its character, integrity or uniformity when viewed from the surroundings. Particular attention should be given to the preservation of the character and distinctiveness of these areas as viewed from scenic routes and the environs of archaeological and historic sites. 4.1(b) Areas Designated as Most Sensitive The coastline, all headlands and promontories. The banks of the rivers; The shoreline of all lakes; The skylines of upland areas; 4.2(a) High Sensitivity Areas These areas have a distinctive, homogenous character, dominated by natural processes. Development in these areas
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