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The Kantian Peace and Greek-Turkish Relations View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2007-06 The Kantian Peace and Greek-turkish relations Peteinarakis, Emmanouil Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/3391 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS THE KANTIAN PEACE AND GREEK-TURKISH RELATIONS by Emmanouil Peteinarakis June 2007 Thesis Co-Advisors: Donald Abenheim James Wirtz Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June 2007 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The Kantian Peace and Greek-Turkish Relations 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Emmanouil Peteinarakis 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORT NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) This thesis applies the principles of Immanuel Kant’s Perpetual Peace to a study of the historical relations between Greece and Turkey. According to Kant, three principal elements – democracy; economic interdependence; and international organizations and international law – interact to promote peaceful relations among states. This thesis analyzes these three elements in respect to the relationship between Greece and Turkey throughout history. The thesis concludes that Kant’s three elements have been influential in Greek-Turkish relations. Historically, the two states’ interdependence has, in general, had a positive effect. But it is the conjunction of the three elements as evidenced mostly through the European Union that suggests the most peaceful future for the two states. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Kant, Democratic Peace, Economic Interdependence, International 15. NUMBER OF Organizations, International Law, Greece, Turkey PAGES 109 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UL NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THE KANTIAN PEACE AND GREEK-TURKISH RELATIONS Emmanouil Peteinarakis Major, Hellenic Air Force B.S., Hellenic Air Force Academy, 1989 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL June 2007 Author: Emmanouil Peteinarakis Approved by: Dr. Donald Abenheim Thesis Co-Advisor Dr. James Wirtz Thesis Co-Advisor Dr. Douglas Porch Chairman, Department of National Security Affairs iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv ABSTRACT This thesis applies the principles of Immanuel Kant’s Perpetual Peace to a study of the historical relations between Greece and Turkey. According to Kant, three principal elements – democracy; economic interdependence; and international organizations and international law – interact to promote peaceful relations among states. This thesis analyzes these three elements in respect to the relationship between Greece and Turkey throughout history. The thesis concludes that Kant’s three elements have been influential in Greek- Turkish relations. Historically, the two states’ interdependence has, in general, had a positive effect. But it is the conjunction of the three elements as evidenced mostly through the European Union that suggests the most peaceful future for the two states. v THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 II. KANTIAN PEACE ......................................................................................................5 A. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................5 B DEMOCRATIC PEACE.................................................................................6 1. The Role of Democracy in Kant’s Perpetual Peace ..........................8 a. The Cultural/Normative Model ................................................9 b. The Structural/Institutional Model ........................................10 2. Realist View ........................................................................................10 C ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE .........................................................12 1. Kantian Interdependence..................................................................12 2. Neoliberal Institutionalist Interdependence....................................13 3. Realist Interdependence ....................................................................14 D. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW................................................................................................................15 1. International Organizations and International Law in Kant’s Theory .................................................................................................16 2. Functionalism and Neofunctionalism...............................................19 3. Realist View ........................................................................................20 4. Reply to Realist Belief........................................................................20 E. CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................21 III. GREEK-TURKISH RELATIONS: THE INFLUENCE OF THE PAST ............25 A. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................25 B. HISTORICAL REVIEW OF GREEK-TURKISH RELATIONS............26 C. NATIONALISM IN GREECE AND TURKEY .........................................29 1. The Origins of Greek Nationalism ...................................................29 2. The Origins of Turkish Nationalism ................................................31 3. Perceptions of the Other....................................................................33 D. GREEK-TURKISH DISPUTES...................................................................34 1. Cyprus Problem .................................................................................34 2. Aegean Sea..........................................................................................35 a. The Sovereignty of the Continental Shelf ..............................35 b. The Territorial Sea..................................................................35 c. Air Space .................................................................................36 d. Grey Zones...............................................................................36 e. Demilitarization of Eastern Aegean Islands..........................37 3. Minorities............................................................................................37 E. FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGIES............................................................38 F. CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................38 IV. KANTIAN PEACE IN PRACTICE.........................................................................41 A. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................41 vii B. DEMOCRATIC PEACE...............................................................................41 1. The Evolution of Greece’s Political System.....................................41 2. The Evolution of Turkey’s Political System ....................................45 3. Domestic Politics in Greek-Turkish Disputes..................................50 C. ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE IN PRACTICE ..............................54 1. Low Politics Agreements ...................................................................57 2. Bilateral Trade ...................................................................................58 3. Investments by Bi-National Corporations.......................................59 4. Privatization .......................................................................................61 5. Mutual Investments and Cooperation in Third Countries ............62
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