The Smart and Connected Vehicle and the Internet of Things

WSTS 2013, San Jose’

Flavio Bonomi Cisco Fellow, Vice President

and Many Others

Advanced Architecture and Research Cisco Systems • An Introduction to the Internet of Things • The Future Infrastructure for the Internet of Things • The Connected Vehicle and Intelligent Transportation • Enabling Technologies • Conclusions

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 2 • An Introduction to the Internet of Things • The Future Infrastructure for the Internet of Things • The Connected Vehicle and Intelligent Transportation • Enabling Technologies • Conclusions

Home Mobile

White Paper at: Things Data http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ ac79/docs/innov/IoE_Economy.p df Business

A good way to go beyond the “naming” confusion: (IoT, M2M, Cyber-Physical Systems, Intelligent Systems, Industrial Internet, Connected Devices, etc., etc.)

Billion From RFID to Billion IP Device Smart Sensors to Mobile Voice, Office & Home Machines to More Internet, SMS Complex Objects Million (e.g., a car) Million PC / Voice Laptop

One TheCommon Evolution (Computing, of Storage and Networking) Infrastructure: IP NetworksThe Ultimate Convergence of Enterprise, Service Provider, and Data Center Technologies “The IoT Computer”

Predictive maintenance

Industrial Automation Intelligent Buildings Enable New Knowledge

Enhance Safety & Security Transportation and Connected Vehicles Agriculture Healthcare

Smart Home

Smart Grid © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Smart City Cisco Confidential 6 • An Introduction to the Internet of Things • The Future Infrastructure for the Internet of Things • The Connected Vehicle and Intelligent Transportation • Enabling Technologies • Conclusions

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 7 Data Center Cloud Centralized Intelligence: CLOUD Application Hosting, Computing Management Core IP/MPLS Core IP/MPLS, QoS, Multicast, Security, Network Services, Mobile Packet Core

Multi-Service Dumb Network Field Area Network Fabric Edge 3G/4G/LTE/WiFi/ Ethernet/PLC

Embedded Systems Smart Things Network and Sensors smart and less smart The “Swarm” things, vehicles, machines End-Point Intelligence Wired or Wireless

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 8 Data Center Cloud Centralized Application Hosting, Intelligence: CLOUD Management Computing Core IP/MPLS Core IP/MPLS, QoS, Multicast, DiDistributed t ib t d Security, Network Services, Intelligence: Mobile Packet Core CLOUD/FOG Computing

Multi-Service Field Area Network Edge Distributed 3G/4G/LTE/WiFi/ … Intelligence: FOG Ethernet/PLC Computing … …

Embedded Systems Smart Things Network and Sensors smart and less smart The “Swarm” things, vehicles, machines … End-Point … Intelligence

Wired or Wireless … …

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 9 Mine in-depth Data Center Cloud Centralized Intelligence: CLOUD ApplicationHealthCare Hosting, Computing ManagementSecurity Surveillance CoreEnvironmental IP/MPLS Core IP/MPLS,studies QoS, Multicast, DiDistributed t ib t d Intelligence: Security, Network Services, Analyze/act on the Fly Mobile Packet Core CLOUD/FOG Computing User experience Network Performance Intrusion Detection Fraud Detection Sensor Monitoring Multi-ServiceStore FieldEnvironmental Area Network monitoring Surveillance EdgeNetwork Management Distributed Logs Contact Center 3G/4G/LTE/WiFi/ … Security Logs Intelligence: FOG Ethernet/PLC Computing Smart Cities Data … Traffic Information … Ingest Environmental data Network Data Security on Data Embedded Systems Smart Things Network and Sensors Sensor networks smart and less smart Smart grid things, vehicles, machines … End-Point … Smart cities Intelligence SCV & Transportation

Wired or Wireless … …

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 10 DataCloud-Based Center Cloud Centralized (Slowest) Control Intelligence: CLOUD Application Hosting, Computing Management Core IP/MPLS Core IP/MPLS, QoS, Multicast, DiDistributed t ib t d Security, Network Services, Intelligence: Mobile Packet Core CLOUD/FOG Computing Core-Based Control

Multi-Service Field Area Network Edge Distributed 3G/4G/LTE/WiFi/ … Intelligence: FOG Ethernet/PLC Computing … Fog-Based Control …

Embedded Systems SmartEdge-Point, Things Network Swarm, and Sensors Fastest Control smart and less smart things, vehicles, machines … End-Point … Intelligence

Wired or Wireless … …

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 11 FCldFrom Cloud Data Center Cloud Centralized towards Intelligence: CLOUD Application Hosting, Computing ManagementFog/Endpoints

Core Video/Content IP/MPLS Core IP/MPLS, QoS,Software Multicast, Updates DiDistributed t ib t d Security, NetworkControl Services, Policies Intelligence: Mobile PacketVMs/Context/Application Core CLOUD/FOG s Computing

Multi-Service Field Area Network Edge Distributed 3G/4G/LTE/WiFi/ … Intelligence: FOG Ethernet/PLC Computing … Peer-to-Peer … From Endpoints towards (Fog, Endpoints) Fog/Cloud Embedded Systems Smart Things Network Content Measurements and Sensors Status Telematics smart and less smartMobile Data … End-Point … Events things, vehicles, VMs/Contextmachines Intelligence Video Surveillance Applications Wired or Wireless … VMs/Context/Apps …

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 12 Data Center/Cloud Hosting IoT analytics Network Management Applications Core IP/MPLS Core IP/MPLS, Security, QoS, Multicast, Network Services, Mobile Packet Core

Multi-Service Field Area Network Edge Distributed 3G/4G/LTE/WiFi/802.11p Intelligence: FOG Wired Computing

Embedded Systems Smart Things Network and Sensors Low power & bandwidth, smart things, vehicles, machines Millions © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 13 • An Introduction to the Internet of Things • The Future Infrastructure for the Internet of Things • Intelligent Transportation and the Connected Vehicle • Enabling Technologies • Conclusions

Subscription-based Data Center/Virtual Enterprise Video, Voice, Services Servers Data Services

VNO Policy Enforcement, Flow-based Energy Service Management, DPI Providers (Smart Grid) MobileMobile SP 1 SP 1 Operation

CommunicationsMobileMobile SP 1 SPService 1 Providers, “Fog”

Mobile WiFi Offload DSRC Roadside Consumer Network Electrical Charging Network Wi-Fi Hotspots, Infrastructure Home/Dealership Wi-Fi Charging Stations, 802.11u, 3G/4G 802.11p (V2I) Hotspots, Femtocells Other Services (802.11p ?) Infrastructure

V2I/Upstream Communication (Wi-Fi, 3G/4G, 802.11p, etc.)

Software

V2V Communication (802.11p) End Points

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 16 Home Enterprise WirelessWeb car-to-XOEM network Roadside Grid DSRC 802.11p, WiFi, Low Speed Network WiMAX, Multiple 3G/LTE LIN, Lo-speed CAN Entertainment network X-by-Wire/ MOST, internal WiFi Safety Network Flexray

Wireless in-car network, Smart Phone Bluetooth, Low Power WiFi, RFID IOS Collision Radar

High-speed network Hi-speed CAN

Audio/ VideoElectronic ControlTelematics Unit (ECU) DiagnosticsCentral GatewayADASWheel-Sensor ….

Vehicle Control Low speed SW/GW Multiple separate ECUs Difficult to communicate with CAN Flex Ray MOST CAN

Main Engine Chassis Assistance Infotainment Main Body Controller Module Coordinator Controller Controller

Reversing Body Transmission DSC HMI Satellite Camera Satellite 1.2

Chassis Park Assistant Body Energy Telephone Satellite 2 Camera Satellite 2

Chassis Infotainment Body MOST CAN Satellite 3.3 MOST Satellite 1 Satellite 3 Flex Ray Body Satellite 4 LIN

Tethered Smartphone BT GPS Sat CAN

Central Gateway Powertrain CAN Bridge

Chassis/Safety CAN Video Cam

LIN

CAN

Body/Control CAN

OBD DLC Connector

• All ECUs networked directly or indirectly via gateways / DLC Connector • Unsecure access into in-vehicle network via DLC • Network security implemented in IVI Headunit

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 19 Instrument Cluster Rear View Mirror Telemetry Module WiFi//BT/Cell/GPS/ Tethered Smartphone / DSRC Owner connectivity

Powertrain GPS Sat

Ethernet Body Control SCV Gateway USB/ WiFi/ BT

Ethernet IVI / Chassis/ Headunit Safety Ethernet

CAN Powertrain Front Rear Video Cams Video Cams

Body Control OBD DLC Connector Ethernet Body Control

Chassis/ Safety • Ethernet-based Central Vehicle Gateway • Mini-switches/hubs aggregate ECUs/Sensors depending on location within vehicle • Potential reduction in wiring harness density and bus splices

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 20 Instrument Cluster Rear View Mirror Telemetry Module WiFi//BT/Cell/GPS/ Tethered Smartphone / DSRC Owner connectivity

Powertrain GPS Sat

Ethernet Body Control SCV Gateway and Central USB/ WiFi/ BT ECU

Ethernet IVI / Chassis/ Headunit Safety Ethernet

CAN Powertrain Front Rear Video Cams Video Cams

Body Control OBD DLC Connector Ethernet Body Control

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 21 Instrument Cluster Rear View Mirror Telemetry Module WiFi//BT/Cell/GPS/ Tethered Smartphone / DSRC Owner connectivity

Powertrain GPS Sat SCV Gateway and Central Deteraministic SCV GatewayData Centerand Central Body Control Ethernet Data Center USB/ WiFi/ BT

Deterministic IVI / Chassis/ Ethernet Headunit Safety Detaerministic Ethernet

CAN Powertrain Front Rear Video Cams Video Cams

Body Control OBD DLC Connector Body Control

Chassis/ Safety

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 22 • An Introduction to the Internet of Things • The Future Infrastructure for the Internet of Things • The Connected Vehicle and Intelligent Transportation • Enabling Technologies • Conclusions

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 23 • Security • Fog computing • Seamless, optimized connectivity, mobility, LISP • Ad hoc networking for mobility • Deterministic networking (wired and wireless) • ….....

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 24 • Security • Fog computing • Seamless, optimized connectivity, mobility, LISP • Ad hoc networking for mobility • Deterministic networking (wired and wireless) • ….....

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 25 Highly secure communication from car to wider network  Encryption Identity Management  Wide range of VPN technologies Private Cloud  Secure tunnels to OEM, partners, 3rd Party App third party applications providers Provider Partner Cloud Operation Smart Center Smart Center Comprehensive secure In-vehicle VPN Aggregation protection  Strong firewall VPN Tunnels  Intrusion Prevention  Anti-virus/malware protection V2I/Road-side V2V On-demand secure connectivity  vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to- infrastructure

Infrastructure 802.11p 802.11p Easy to deploy and manage

Firewall  Centralized identity & policy management  Authentication, authorization,

Vehicle accounting

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26 • Security • Fog computing • Seamless, optimized connectivity, mobility, LISP • Ad hoc networking for mobility • Deterministic networking (wired and wireless) • ….....

• Systematic, highly virtualized, secure, and network-integrated computing and storage located between End-points and Clouds, supporting many of the same techniques/approaches applied to Cloud Computing: Virtualization, multi-tenancy, IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, automation, ….

IP Network

Wireless Fog Edge Device Mobile Server Clients

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 29 • Roadside multi-purpose equipment based on convergence of routing, computing and wireless technologies • Distributed, multi-tenancy computing model

• Supporting multiple wireless technologies • Located with other traffic control equipment • Purpose - Managed Service Regulate traffic (Traffic Router – cars, IP packets, same) Collect tolls taxes (per transaction fee collection) E-Commerce support Content delivery Traffic sensor management (e.g., Sensys)

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 30 • Security • Fog computing • Seamless, optimized connectivity, mobility, LISP • Ad hoc networking for mobility • Deterministic networking (wired and wireless) • ….....

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 31 Multiple Wireless WAN interfaces  3G/4G(LTE), WiFi Highly Scalable Secure Mobility Public/Private Cloud  Industry leading architectures: LISP, PFR

Operation Home Agent  Mobile IPv6, NEtwork MObility (NEMO)

 Single-IP reachability Carrier Network Public Network Home Network Seamless User Experience Wireless SP Dealers / Antenna Parking / SA,PA  Non-stop 99.99% reliable • Cellular 3G/4G / Energy Station In-Home • Wi-Fi: HotSpot 2.0 Devices connection management • Wi-Fi: HotSpot 2.0  Application-aware, flow-based Infrastructure connectivity  Seamless Handover: 3G -> wifi

3G/4G  Session persistency Vehicle Optimized Communications

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.  Over 3G/4G, WiFi, …Cisco Confidential 32 • LISP (Location Identity Separation Protocol with IP-in-IP) was originally designed as a scalable routing architecture for the Internet • It turns out that LISP offers native support for: Mobility with route optimization, Multi-homing, Dual Stack (IPv4, IPv6) Network Mobility • Clear separation between control and data plane is well suited for over-the-top deployments Enabling an ecosystem of LISP Service providers to deploy global mobility applications such as the Connected Vehicle

Map‐ Map‐ Server Resolver

LISP Mapping Service Providers

Data LISP Center Data Path LISP Unaware Infrastructure Services

3G I’m I’m @ WiFi @ 3G WiFi

App App to Fog

OS OS IP Network

Fog

Update GeoLocation

Data Path Control Path © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 35 LISP Mapping Data Center System (Cloud) + L3 Fabric FogVideoApp Controller Access Policy: Go to Use vWAAS Viideo App App vWAAS first, Service on Fog OS OS then VideoApp IP Network

VideoApp Location?Fog

VideoApp Location? vWAAS

Data Path Control Path © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 36 • Security • Fog computing • Seamless, optimized connectivity, mobility, LISP • Ad hoc networking for mobility • Deterministic networking (wired and wireless) • ….....

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 37 • Enabling more “natural” ways of collaborating and socializing • Communications for highly mobile exchanges • Critical for a large set of real life applications • Fundamental for transportation • Enabling collaboration when not core connectivity is available • Exploiting “opportunities” to communicate (Delay Tolerance) • Tolerating high loss situations (Disruption Tolerance)

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 38 • Key technology to provide non-line-of-sight communication in next generation advanced driver assist systems

• DSRC is the global industry standard for latency critical V2V/ V2I communication • eCall + DSRC are key triggers for broader CV deployment • Cisco is investing in DSRC Communications Joint Projects with Cohda Wireless Working with University of Porto on Taxi Deployment

End-to-end

Proxy-ed

Multi-Hop

Delay Tolerant

Disruption Tolerant

• Working with:

U. Porto and Veniam

ITTC/UPC Barcelona

UCLA

WiFi Rail/McLaren

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 40 . Take Advantage of Node Mobility: e.g., Store-Carry-and-Forward (DTN) – Store a message, carry it until an appropriate communication opportunity arises, forward it to a new node 1 12 13 D S 14

2 16 11 15 3 7 . Work and Cisco Collaboration with UCLA (Prof. Mario Gerla, Kevin 8 Lee, Giovanni Pau) 5 10 – VANET Research, Hybrid Routing 4 Models with Navigation Assistance . Work and Cisco Collaboration with 9 USC (Prof. Costas Psounis) 6 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 41 41 UAVs Manned Aircraft Video Cameras

SATCOM

Mobile Devices

The Internet

Biometric Scanners Unmanned Ground Radio Over IP Robots Sensor Network Gateways

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 42 Disaster Response Network Large WRoIP Network with nodes in: o NYC & at FDNY Fire Department Operation Center in Brooklyn o State of Connecticut Governors Office and Emergency Operations Center Multiple mobile vehicle nodes with 4G Backhaul o Boston at USCG Stations and Logan International Airport Backhaul via 4G

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 43 • Security • Fog computing • Seamless, optimized connectivity, mobility, LISP • Ad hoc networking for mobility • Deterministic networking (wired and wireless) • ….....

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 44 • Required in Industrial Automation, System Control, Automotive, Smart Grid, Robotics, Building Automation, etc. • Key Elements: (Both wired and wireless) Network Ingress shaping Network synchronization Timely transmission Centralized scheduling (NP-complete optimization problem) • Wired: Time Triggered Ethernet • Wireless: Over 802.15.4 for low power low rate (4Hz), over WIFI (802.11ac) for higher rate (100Hz)

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 45 Future Relevant Innovations to Standard Networks Safety-Critical TIME-SYNCHRONIZED Closed-Loop 10 Gb/s, Low Jitter, Precise Scheduling, Control, Wired Loss-less Convergence, Multi-path switching

Motion REAL TIME Wireless Gb/s, IEEE 1588 PTP, 802.11n, Low-latency, CleanAir, Very Fast Convergence (ms) Input/Output

MANAGED 10/100Mbs, 802.11 a/b/g, QoS,

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS INDUSTRIAL RSTP Fast Convergence (s), IGMP, Information Full-Duplex, Wirelss Mesh

UNMANAGED 10Mb/s, Half-Duplex, slow convergence

DETERMINISM

“Non-Deterministic” “More Deterministic” “Very Deterministic” “Strictly Deterministic”

40 msec 40 msec 40 msec

TT1 TT2 RC RC BE TT1 BE RC TT2 BE TT1 RC BE RC TT2 TT1 BE BE RC RC TT1

30 msec 30 msec 30 msec 30 msec TIME

Longest Communication Cycle in this Example: LCM(30,40) = 120msec

Source: TTTech

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 47 • Value Prop IPv6 for mission-critical Applications Industrial, Avionics, Telematics, spatial C&C Cisco business in wired and wireless backbone Converged Campus / Enterprise (adding IoE) • Objectives IETF standards Trigger open source implementation Build Ecosystem • Status: IETF WG creation starting • ¼ people initially

Deterministic Wi-Fi or Ethernet (RPL Domain or IPv6 ND) 6TSCH

6TSCH

- Wi-Fi Border Router

- WiFi/6LoWPAN RPL -WiFiHost Backbone Router - 6LoWPAN Host • Plant Firewall - WiHart Backbone - WiHart Host • Wireless Lan Router Controller - ISA100 Host • Integrated Plant Security - ISA100 Backbone © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 49 & Identity services Router • An Introduction to the Internet of Things • The Future Infrastructure and the Huge Role for Wireless Communications!! • Enabling Technologies and Relevant Case Studies • Conclusions

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 50 • A time of exciting developments in Networking and beyond • We need strong Research Collaborations: WE NEED YOU!!! • Profound impact at human, social, and environmental levels • Virtuous cycle between new applications, services, and innovative platforms

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Attorney-Client Privileged Cisco Confidential 51 • More Traditional Industry-University Focused Research Initiatives • Multi-Way Research Partnerships are Key Networking Industry-Car OEMs-Universities Networking Industry-Silicon Providers-Service Providers Content Providers-OEMs University-Industry (e.g., GSRC, Clean Slate, RadLab) • Government Involvement NSF – GENI DOT - DOE Leveraging of Defense Technologies