A Festival of Ideas for Curious Minds
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NO.33 SUMMER 2018 ISSN 2047-1866 BRITISH ACADEMY REVIEW REVIEW ACADEMY BRITISH British Academy Re vi e w UNDERSTANDING PEOPLES, PEOPLES, CULTURES, SOCIETIES CULTURES, – PAST, PRESENT, SOCIETIES FUTURE — PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE A festival of ideas for curious minds NO.33 SUMMER 2018 SUMMER NO.33 The long history of working at home ¶ The power of shared reading ¶ Why agriculture is at the root of Syria’s problems ¶ David Cannadine and Mary Beard reflect on civilisation(s) British Academy Review ISSN 2047–1866 © The British Academy 2018 The British Academy Review is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. The British Academy Review contains articles illustrating the wide range of scholarship which the British Academy promotes in its role as the UK’s national academy for the humanities and social sciences. Views of named writers are the views exclusively of those writers; publication does not constitute endorsement by the British Academy. Suggestions for articles by current and former British Academy grant- and post-holders, as well as by Fellows of the British Academy, are very welcome. Suggestions may be sent to the Editor, James Rivington, at [email protected] Designed by Soapbox, www.soapbox.co.uk Printed in Great Britain by Henry Ling Limited at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, Dorset The British Academy The British Academy Officers of the Senior Staff 10–11 Carlton House Terrace British Academy Chief Executive: London SW1Y 5AH (from 19 July 2018) Alun Evans The British Academy, President Director of Finance and established by Royal Charter Professor Sir David Cannadine Corporate Services: in 1902, is the UK’s national Robert Hopwood academy for the humanities and Vice-Presidents social sciences – the study of Professor Dominic Abrams Director of Research peoples, cultures and societies, Vice-President Funding and Programmes: past, present and future. (Social Sciences) Vivienne Hurley Further information about Professor Ash Amin Director of Policy the work of the Academy Foreign Secretary and Engagement: can be found via (vacant) Professor Roger Kain www.britishacademy.ac.uk Vice-President (Research and Director of Communications Higher Education Policy) and External Relations: Liz Hutchinson @britac_news Professor Aditi Lahiri TheBritishAcademy Vice-President (Humanities) Director of Development: Jo Hopkins britacfilm Revd Professor britishacademy Diarmaid MacCulloch Kt Vice-President (Public Engagement) Professor Genevra Richardson Vice-President (Public Policy) Professor Hamish Scott Vice-President (Publications) Professor Charles Tripp Vice-President (British International Research Institutes) Professor Sarah Worthington Treasurer British No. 33 Academy Summer 2018 Review Contents UP FRONT ..................................................................... 2 39 FROM THE TOP The British Academy and civilisation(s) – past, present, future David Cannadine, President of the British Academy, unearths the deep roots of the Academy’s new vision ......... 4 A new age of enlightenment? Alun Evans, Chief Executive of the British Academy, GLOBAL INSIGHTS considers the highlights of 2017–18, and looks ahead ........ 7 Understanding the world we live in Cities and infrastructures: A view from Kathmandu Caroline Knowles leads us through a city experiencing VIEWPOINTS radical change ................................................................... 27 Informed contributions on issues of America’s forgotten empire contemporary concern Antony Hopkins reminds us that for half a century Refining the chemical attraction of humanities scholarship the United States was a truly ‘imperial’ power .................. 32 Mary Beard argues that it is time to stop searching Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent, from the deep for the eureka moment ....................................................... 9 past to the modern conflict Optimism bias and climate change Jennie Bradbury and Philip Proudfoot reveal how agriculture Geoffrey Beattie explains why climate change messages is at the heart of both strife and heritage in Syria ............. 35 are not getting through ..................................................... 12 Contesting #stopIslam: Tensions around hate speech on social media THE LEARNING ZONE Elizabeth Poole, Ed de Quincey and Eva Giraud explore Articles on language and literature learning the dynamics of a racist hashtag following the Brussels Literature’s lasting impression terrorist attack .................................................................. 16 John Gordon investigates what makes shared reading Working at home: The key to gender equality? so powerful ....................................................................... 39 Helen McCarthy puts home-working in The fragile future of the Cypriot Greek its historical perspective .................................................... 19 language in the UK Petros Karatsareas reveals the difficulties faced by heritage language speakers in London’s THE INTERVIEW Greek Cypriot diaspora .................................................... 42 Portraits of leading humanities and social Persian language use and maintenance sciences academics at work in New Zealand’s Iranian diaspora Mary S. Morgan on the curious uses of models, Khadij Gharibi examines immigrant parents’ facts and narratives ........................................................... 22 beliefs and practices in passing on their heritage language to their children ................................................. 45 35 FROM THE ARCHIVE Curiosities from the basement The origins of a British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem ...................................................................... 47 Canon Sanday on ‘International scholarship after the war’, May 1918 ................................................... 49 COMING UP British Academy events open to all Festival time ..................................................................... 52 UP FRONT In this issue Review. To provide reader feedback, Welcome to this issue of the British please visit www.britishacademy.ac.uk/ Academy Review, published on the british-academy-review-feedback occasion of our first ‘British Academy Summer Showcase’. First ever British Academy TheBritish Academy Review shares Summer Showcase the goal of the Showcase, in illustrating The British Academy’s first ever Summer the wide range of scholarship which the Showcase, held on 22–23 June 2018, British Academy promotes in its role is a free public festival of ideas for as the UK’s national academy for the curious minds. humanities and social sciences. Several The Showcase celebrates and cham- articles in this issue are related to pres- pions work carried out in the Academy’s entations at the Showcase. And through disciplines – the humanities and social both of these channels, we have a great sciences. The 15 thought-provoking story to tell. exhibits feature research that has been The articles by President of the supported through the Academy’s wide British Academy, David Cannadine range of programmes and activities, and (page 4), and by Mary Beard (page 9), provides visitors with the opportunity place the Academy’s disciplines at the to meet the researchers and discuss heart of all attempts to examine our civ- their ideas. It is aimed at everyone pleased to see that the Government’s ilisation(s) and culture(s). And the over- interested in the big issues of the day, long-awaited Integrated Communi- view by Chief Executive, Alun Evans, or timeless aspects of culture, or simply ties Strategy Green Paper has been shows our subjects put to work, seeking wants time to think in the Academy’s informed by our reports. As well as ways to address the great challenges of beautiful building. engaging with officials working on the our time. Three of the articles in this issue strategy, we have followed up by sub- One hundred years ago there were tie in with Showcase exhibits – those mitting a response to the Green Paper, challenges aplenty, as the First World by Helen McCarthy (page 19), pulling together insights from dis- War was still very much in progress Jennie Bradbury and Philip Proudfoot ciplines ranging from anthropology with no end in sight. But the two articles (page 35), and John Gordon (page 39). and languages to psychology and ‘From the Archive’ (pages 47 and 49) After the live Showcase itself, geography. Our response has stressed reveal ways in which Fellows of the information about the researchers the importance of taking both a multi- British Academy were looking ahead and their exhibits can be found via dimensional and multilevelled view of to the possibilities of peace, whenever www.britishacademy.ac.uk/ integration, and has also proposed some that might come. summershowcase/2018 important additional indicators that An enduring interest in all human can be used to measure integration. concerns is the strength of the sub- Exploring social integration jects that the Academy represents, In the Spring 2018 issue, Professor Championing study of the and I hope you find much to engage Dominic Abrams, the British humanities and social sciences you in this issue. Academy’s Vice-President for So- In May 2018, the British Academy cial Sciences, discussed the British responded to the Government’s Review How are we doing? Academy’s reports on social integration, of Post-18 education and funding, urging Your feedback is important to help us published under the title “If you could the Government not to prioritise some shape future issues