3434 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TRIBUTE TO JOSEPH L. BALZANO­ you did with me, and to give them your sup­ Miami and Paris for 1 year is given EXEMPLARY PUBLIC SERVANT port !or without it they cannot function added urgency. If the petition is approved effectively. To be realistic, we must recognize that expeditiously, air service between these there are difficult days ahead and the officers cities could begin as early as May 1 of HON. MARIO BIAGGI of the association will need you 1! they are to this year. Therefore, if the renegotiation OF NEW YORK overcome the obstacles they will be facing. stalls further, National can continue its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES An honest appraisal tells us that police service to Europe. unions and, indeed, all unions of public em­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 Further, it would seem logical that the ployees will have rough going in the future. extension of this air service would cer­ Mr. BlAGG!. Mr. Speaker, it is my Our association must strengthen its ties with tainly provide a good bargaining tool to personal honor to pay tribute to a good brother unions, both statewide and citywide, to hold to the gains we have won in the past. U.S. officials in trying to secure an agree­ friend and outstanding public servant, That will be no mean task when we consider ment with British officials. If Britain is Joseph L. Balzano, who is retiring after the fiscal straits that our city finds itself in. aware of the fact that Paris is available more than 12 years as president of the Your new president, Jack Jordan, is an able as an attractive alternative, it may re­ New York City Housing Patrolman's and politically wise gentleman. He and his lent on its protectionist efforts to divide Benevolent Association. team will be pursuing the priority programs its air market. Joe leaves behind a legacy of service important to all of us-the drive to rehire all National has proven its ability to pro­ and dedication which will endure for of our laid-off officers and protecting the bill passed three ago known as the Precinct Bill. vide outstanding service to its air custo­ years to come. Joe's association with the They will fight to secure a good contract for mers. The European route has proven a. housing police department encompasses the membership because they know how hard boon to Florida's tomist economy. A sec­ more than two decades, more than half the job is and how much effort and dedica­ ond gateway to Europe would certainly of these years spent serving as president tion our men put into their tasks. be in the best interests of all involved­ and vice president of their Patrolmen's As I look back over the years, my adminis­ National and its employees, Florida and Benevolent Association. He exhibited tration met successes and disappointments its economy, and the U.S. Government strong but compassionate leadership, alike, but, fortunately, I think that our suc­ and its balance of payments. selflessly working to project and protect cesses outnumbered the areas in which we met disappointments. As a representative of the State of the rights of his fellow housing police­ It is my wish and prayer that the future Florida, I heartily endorse National's pe­ men. He owes much of his success to the will show an increase in our success ratio, and tition. I urge the CAB to give it the af­ personal touch he brought to the presi­ I know the new officers wm be battling to­ firmative and expeditious attention it de­ dency and his ability to keep his mem­ wards that end. serves. bers informed on all matters important My entire professional life has been in the to them. field of law enforcement and with our union As a 23-year veteran of the New York that I cherish so dearly. All of us mellow as the years pass, but my love for my fellow FEDERAL SHIP FINANCING City Police Department I have developed officers holds as much passion now and burns PROGRAM many close friendships with others in law with as much vigor now as it did in the days enforcement. None of mine are any closer when I was a much younger man. than that I have with Joe Balzano. He You, my brother officers, have made a bet­ HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE displays the same qualities of dedication, ter person of me. I hope I have contributed in OF MICHIGAN loyalty, and compassion to his friends some measure to improving your lives as the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and this attributes to the enduring qual­ head of your union. I thank you again for ity of his friendships. permitting me to have served you. I wish you Wednesday, February 2, 1977 well in the years ahead and a happy holiday The housing police as well as the city season, coupled with good health for you Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, on January of New York are losing a fine leader in and your families. 19, 1977, the former Secretary of Com­ Joe Balzano. He will be missed by the This is my so-long !or now, but it w1ll merce, Elliot L. Richardson, announced members of the housing police. Yet his never be goodbye. that the Maritime Administration of the lovely wife Mickey and children Louis Department of Commerce had agreed to Joseph, Jr., and Donna, will have a golden guarantee the financing for the con­ opportunity to spend more time with struction of seven liquefied natural gas­ Joe. so our loss is their gain. NATIONAL AIRLINES NEEDS EXPE­ LNG-vessels by and for the General At this time I would like to insert into DITIOUS ACTION OF THE CAB Dynamics Corp. These guarantees, total­ the REcoRD the text of Joe Balzano's ing $730 million, pursuant to title XI of farewell statement to the members of HON. L. A. (SKIP) BAFALIS the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, repre­ the Housing Patrolman's Benevolent As­ sent the largest single guarantee not only OF FLORIDA in the history of the Federal ship financ­ sociation contained in the November­ 1N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES December addition of On the Beat maga- ing program but any Federal guarantee zine: Wednesday, February 2, 1977 program dwarfing the Federal loan guar­ THE PRESIDENT'S REPORT Mr. BAFALIS. Mr. Speaker, serious antee extended to Lockheed Aircraft by (By Joseph L. Balzano) snags have developed in the United almost a half billion dollars. For more than two decades I have had the states-British renegotiations of the exist­ I understand the LNG vessels are being honor and privilege of being associated with ing international agreement authorizing built in General Dynamics' Quincy, one of the finest police groups in the nation. and regulating U.S.-U.K. air services. Mass., shipyard, wlll sail under the U.S. I have been a member of the Housing Police flag, and will be manned by U.S. seamen.· Department for twenty-two years. For more These difficulties have serious implica­ than twelve years I have served as president tions to the American airlines which cur­ They wlll be chartered by General Dy­ of the ~ousing Patrolmen's Benevolent Asso­ rently serve London. If these agreements namics to Energy Transportation Corp., ciation, and for more than two years before are not resolved shortly, air service be­ a U.S.-:tlag operator, which in turn will that as vice president. tween the United States and Britain charter them to a subsidiary of Burmah This is my final message to my brothers as could be disrupted. Oil Co., Ltd., a British corporation, to head of the union. I thank you for the oppor­ The airline most affected by these prob­ transport LNG from Indonesia to Japan. tunity you gave me to serve you. It has been lems is National Airlines. The Miami­ While I do not question either the legal­ a period of my life that I shall never forget and one which I shall always appreciate. London route granted National 7 years ity or the propriety of the transaction ago is that airlines sole European route. under existing maritime law, I have I step down now !rom the presidency confi­ If dent that your leadership rests in a splendid negotiations do stall, National stands grave reservations on the broad policy team. Over the years they have worked closely to lose a great deal. Last year National issue of whether the U.S. Government with me and I know them "up close," not as carried over a quarter of a million pas­ should guarantee the :financing of ves­ casual acquaintances. sengers on its London-Miami route. sels ultimately chartered to a foreign I! I would ask one thing of our wonderful In view of these facts, the petition Na­ corporation to carry LNG between two membership, it would be to urge that you tional has filed with the Civil Aeronau­ foreign countries. My reservations are continue to work with the new leadership as tics Board to provide service between essentially twofold. February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3435 First, admittedly there are certain ary 26, 1977 edition of the Christian It is not enough to declare that Roger benefits to be derived by the U.S. mari­ Science Monitor as an editorial: Simmons was my friends, or that he was time community, but why should the U.S. THE LEVI LEGACY beloved by the citizens of his hometown. Government risk the sums of money Edward Levi set a refreshing tone as At­ His compassion and his generosity knew involved in this transaction, that is, the torney General when he offered no political no bounds. He poured them freely upon amount of the guarantee is more than or bureaucratic justification of FBI abuses anyone in need and spent energy which 10 percent of the total guarantee author­ but simply called them "outrageous.'' That he scarcely could spare upon any worth­ ity of the Maritime Administration, to was early in a tenure that went on to restore while cause. a sense of ethics and professionalism to an Roger Simmons was disabled March 1, transport LNG from Indonesia to Japan? office which his successor will be challenged It appears to me that the benefits to be to leave in equally good order. 1945, during a German artillery barrage derived by the Governments of Indonesia "I think there's enough dishonesty, and on his command post near Hom, Hol­ and Japan, and Burmah Oil far outweigh lack of candor, and 1nstab111ty, in our society land. Injured in the left leg, he received those benefits. Second, the record de­ as it is, and I don't think a government routine field treatment and remained in veloped during the year and a half Mer­ agency should add to that," Mr. Levi said. the lines 4 days before being evacuated chant Marine and Fisheries Committee's And he acted on his words. to a hospital. He ended up with gan­ examination of U.S. Maritime Policy es­ Mr. Levi's record would have been even grene, and almost lost the leg to amputa­ better if he had supported more stringent tion. Instead, he spent months in various tablishes that the primary rationale for handgun control, for example, and not sup­ Federal assistance to the U.S. merchant ported a return to capital punishment. He hospitals undergoing treatment and re­ marine, of which the Federal ship unfortunately also contributed to an air of cuperation. financing program is a part, is national uncertainty as to how far the Ford adminis­ It would have been perfectly natural security. I question how those seven LNG tration genuinely supported desegregation for Roger to conclude that he had con­ vessels can be consicjered an asset to the law. tributed to his country all that reason­ national security if they never touch our But Mr. Levi eventually came out specifi­ ably could be required of him. Quite to shores. Obviously, as a practical matter, cally against seeking the reversal of Supreme the contrary, he seemed to have assumed Court desegregation rulings. And he decided a greater debt of gratitude which he we do not have any control over them. against the Justice Department's joining an In my view the U.S. Government should appeal for Supreme Court review of the Bos­ sought to pay through continual service not ·guarantee the financing for the con­ ton desegregation decision. Thus he seemed to his fellow man. struction of vessels in such circum­ to follow through on his answer to a question Time does not permit a litany of Roger stances. about the possible impact of Justice Depart­ Simmons' activities in behalf of his com­ Accordingly, I am introducing legisla­ ment intervention in the Boston case: "You munity, his neighbors, and humanity at tion today designed to preclude the Sec­ can be sure the Justice Department will do large. He spent almost 30 years as a news­ nothing to encourage violence.'' Some had paper editor, a profession notorious for retary of Commerce from making a felt that such high-level intervention might guarantee of an obligation which aids in its demands on personal time and energy. have fostered resistance to the law. Mr. financing the construction, reconstruc­ Mr. Levi also followed through on his But in addition to this, Speaker, he tion, or reconditioning of a vessel en­ stated concern about FBI abuses in counter­ left the following record of contribution: gaged in foreign-to-foreign trading. I intelligence harassment and other matters. He served as drive chairman, public believe this legislation will serve as the He reined in the agency with guidelines. He relations director, or member of the ended the years-long unproductive cam­ board of directors of the March of Dimes, vehicle for a full and frank exchange of paign against the Socialist Workers Party. He the Cancer Crusade, the Diabetes Asso­ views on this broad maritime policy abided by strict standards on wiretapping. ciation, Easter Seals, Cerebral Palsy, the issue. When questions arose about President Heart Association, the American Red Ford's past political financing, Mr. Levi ini­ tiated an investigation. When Mr. Ford was Cross, the YMCA-and was chairman of THE LEVI LEGACY cleared, the climate had become such that the Mayor's Council for Employment of the finding could be accepted as truth rather the Handicapped for 7 years. than cover-up. He served on the boards of directors HON. DON EDWARDS Mr. Levi had a lot to do with establishing of McLaurin Vocational Center, First OF CALIFORNIA that climate. We thank him for it and wish Methodist Church, Hamlet Rotary Club, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES him well back in Chicago. the North Carolina Peach Festival, the United Way, the Bicentennial Commis­ '"!ednesday, February 2, 1977 sion, Hamlet Planning Board, the Bi­ Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. racial Commission, the Railroad Muse­ Speaker, Edward H. Levi, outgoing At­ TRffiUTE TO ROGER LAWTON um, and the Boosters Club. torney General, is to be commended for SIMMONS He was a member of Disabled Ameri­ the respect and trust he restored to the can Veterans, the American Legion, Vet­ position of highest law enforcement of­ erans of Foreign Wars, AMVETS, Mili­ ficer in the land. HON. W. G. (BILL) HEFNER tary Order of the Cootie, Order of the He appeared before my Civil and Con­ OF NORTH CAROLINA Trench Rats, U.S. Army Association, and stitutional Rights Subcommittee of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Legion Go-Getters. Judiciary Committee two times; first, to He served as commander of his Amer­ give testimony about COINTEL and Wednesday, February 2, 1977 ican Legion post three times; as com­ domestic intelligence, and the last time Mr. HEFNER. Mr. Speaker, it is spec­ mander of his VFW post twice; chapter to give testimony about new F'BI and ulated that just before the instant of commander of DAV twice, and com­ Justice Department guidelines in dealing death, the memories of one's entire life­ mander of his AMVETS post once. Fur­ with domestic intelligence. Both times he time :Hash across the screen of conscious­ ther, he served in all four organizations was impressive in his efforts to be co­ ness. I personally can neither prove at the district or department levels dur­ operative and helpful. nor disprove that theory. But I can say ing his 30 years of membership, and once In written communications with Mr. with greater certainty that some people at the national level as the commander's Levi, he helped reestablish a climate of who have approached death, and yet aide-de-camp. trust between the legislative and execu­ survived, seem to have drawn a profound He was a director and club president tive branches. strength from the experience. of Rotary International in Hamlet and During his tenure, Mr. Levi never sim­ Such a man was Roger Lawton Sim­ on the staff of the Rotary district gov­ ply waited for an event to happen to re­ mons, late a resident of Hamlet, N.C. Mr. ernor as conference chairman in 1971. act, but frequently initiated communica­ Simmons barely escaped death on a He was a Jaycee, serving that organiza­ tion with us on matters concerning his World War II battlefield in the Nether­ tion as club secretary, vice president and jurisdiction and ours. lands-and finally kept the appoint­ director, as well as being a State Jaycee I commend him for restoring public ment on October 23, 1976. And upon the director. confidence to the omce and for taking loom of the intervening years was woven His greatest reward was the apprecia­ politics out of it. a life of sacrifice, on the one hand, and tion of his friends, but his distinguished I would like to enter another tribute on the other, a life of extraordinary hu­ service was not unnoticed by the organi­ to Mr. Levi which appeared in the Janu- man achievement. zations in which he served. He was win- 3436 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 ner of the Jaycee Distinguished Service they've been able to find in their fight to major inconsistency in the congressional Award; the American Legion Meritorious return to the draft has been the share of the mandated Postal Service regulations gov­ Service Award; the VFW Loyalty Award; defense budget taken up by military person­ nel costs. erning the size of packages that may be and in 1975, won the North Carolina That argument is spurious at best. What mailed from the various classes of post Award for Distinguished Service to the is not being told is that the percentage of offices. Handicappec;. Finally, he was honored the defense budget going to active military As a direct result of Mr. Gold's article, by both the Governor's council and the personnel has gone down from 31% to 27% I have introduced H.R. 2885, which will President's Committee for Employment from FY72 to FY77. There has also been a 1% restore consistency to the Postal Serv­ of the Handicapped. His military deco­ decrease, from 18% to 17%, in the Defense ice's package size rules. I hope that my rations included the Bronze Star for Department Civil Service payroll. Retired pay's share of the defense budget colleagues will see fit to take prompt and valor. has tripled over the past 12 years. This, how­ favorable action; I would add that this Mr. Speaker, those who labor under ever, reflects the large number of retirees proposal has the support of Postal Serv­ a heavY load of responsibility or find it over this period, as we've shrunk to a smaller ice authorities. difficult to reach out and take the hand force, as much as it does the increase in pay. Bill Gold's column follows: What many volunteer force opponents for­ of others in need would do well to look AnD ANOTHER ITEM TO THE 1977 AGENDA to the example of Roger Simmons for get is that well before the volunteer army inspiration. Few of us have the interest came into being, the Defense Department was (By Bill Gold) seeking to upgrade m1Utary pay. The reason During the busy weeks before Christmas, or the energy to accomplish as much as was simple. Far too many enlisted men and several District Liners wrote to tell me they he did, but all of us have the opportunity. women in the lower ranks were well below had difficulty in mailing large packages. Had Roger Simmons died on the bat­ the poverty level. I visited a number of bases Their problem was that although small tlefield that day 32 years ago, the loss in the period before Congress raised m111tary post offices will accept packages weighing up would have been deeply felt by intimate pay in September 1971 and was appalled at to 70 pounds, the limit at large first-class friends. He was spared, I believe, for the conditions under which many of those offices is 40 pounds. It' seemed silly to read­ greater purpose-and having achieved serving this nation were forced to live. ers that postal clerks should have to refuse that purpose, his loss is felt by legions Many service families still need food stamps them service on packages ranging between and other government assistance to meet 40 and 70 pounds in weight-end then sug­ he has befriended. His life was an in­ their daily needs. If the people seeking a gest on the sly that the package be taken to spiration to us. We shall miss him. And return to the draft want to save money by a smaller office, where it would be accepted. we shall ponder who is capable and will­ doing so, they're going to have to reverse "Who makes such silly rules," one reader ing to take his place in the community, Congress' decision that those serving this asked. and in the State, here and for which he country in the military are entitled to pay As we have learned in tracking down hun- . lived. comparable to their civilian counterparts. dreds of life's little mysteries like this one, Defense Department officials have esti­ there is usually a reason for silly rules, or mated that if pay comparability were aban­ at least an explanation for how they came doned and the draft re-enacted, a saving of into being. $1.7 billion is all that would be realized. If A bit of investigation in the present case VOLUNTEER ARMY IS A SUCCESS we simply abandon the volunteer force, re­ turned up the fact that the weight limita­ taining the present wage scale, defense budg­ tion rule wasn't dreamed up by the U.S. Post­ et savings would be much, much smaller­ al Service. It is a law passed by Congress HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER about $300 Inillion. (39 u.s.c. Sec. 3682). OF WISCONSIN Curbing the pay of recruits means one As so often happens, private interest groups IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thing: government at all levels will incur (spearheaded in this instance by REA Ex­ higher costs for welfare, other assistance press) lobbied effectively to minimize the Wednesday, February 2, 1977 payments and programs for those once again competition USPS would be permitted to subjected to servitude at poverty-level wages. give them. Congress bought their argument Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, the Vol­ If a return to the draft will save little and ruled that only small rural USPS of­ unteer Army is a success. Yet, those who money and create a lot of problems, what's flees could accept packages up to 70 pounds have opposed it from the start again to be gained? Rather than conscript the (because the private carriers didn't have of­ have begun an offensive aimed at mak­ young and fool the taxpayers about the cost, flees in rural areas) . ing America's youth liable to conscrip­ Congress might better focus attention on USPS has repeatedly asked Congress to tion. needed reforms of the pay system for retirees. change the rule and permit all post offices Because of all the misinformation dis­ Seldom in the nation's history have we had to accept the larger packages. In recent years, a stronger professional force than today. The USPS has accompanied this request with a seminated about the representativeness services use two yardsticks to evaluate the reminder that REA Express has long since of today's Army and the cost of our mili­ quality of enlistees, the level of education gone out of business. But Congress, in its tary personnel to the American taxpayer, and standardized test scores. High school infinite wisdom, has chosen to take no action. I would like to insert into today's CoN­ graduates have been joining the services ln Unless President-elect Carter oan get Con­ GRESSIONAL RECORD a report I have Writ­ increasing numbers since 1974. A higher per­ gress to put this matter on its agenda for ten my constituents on this important centage of enlistees are high school graduates 1977, postal patrons will continue to wonder issue. today than in fiscal year 1964. why the post office nearest them refuses some The facts are on the side of the Volun­ Furthermore, a recent study showed that of their packages and thus makes it neces­ as judged by test scores, quality has been sary for them to drive 10 or 15 miles to a teer Army. In coming months, I will be maintained and in some instances improved small rural office. doing all I can to bring them out. For significantly between 1964 and today. We've those who may have missed it, I placed had a steady increase in enlistees with above George \Vill's excellent piece, "Profile of a verage scores, a moderate increase in those an Army," in the RECORD of Monday, Jan­ with average scores and a steady decrease in uary 31. My report follows: those with below average scores. DEATH SENTENCE DESERVED WASHINGTON REPORT BY CONGRESSMAN There is just no case for those who claim WILLIAM A. STEIGER we must return to the draft, and its con­ comitant disruption of fam111es and young HON. MARJORIE S. HOLT The volunteer army is a success. Both the lives. quality and quantity of young men and OF MARYLAND women joining the nation's military forces IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES since the last draft call, exactly four years ago, have been excellent. LET US CHANGE THE RULE FOR THE Wednesday, February 2, 1977 Despite this fact, those who have always POSTAL SERVICE Mrs. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, when Gary opposed the all-volunteer concept--such as Gilmore recently became the focus of Senators Sam Nunn and John Stennis-have recently begun an offensive aimed at again HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST sick sensationalism, there was very little making America's youth liable to conscrip­ OF VIRGINIA mention of his victims. A citizen of the tion. Apparently the change of administra­ Fourth Congressional District of Mary­ tion is viewed as an opportune time to push IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES land has sent me a clipping of an edi­ for a return of the draft. There is no other Wednesday, February 2, 1977 torial that provides the needed perspec­ good reason for this effort. Even opponents of the volunteer army have Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, in tive. The editorial was written by A. W. had to admit that the services have been the January 10, 1977, Washington Post, Scott, publisher of the Gazette-Patriot meeting their quotas and that the calibre of Bill Gold's "District Line" column had a of Carrollton, m., and I submit it for recruits has been very good. The only thread most interesting item regarding the your consideration: February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3437

DEATH SENTENCE DESERVED come from this legislation. It is my hope WE CANNOT SAY WE HAVE NOT If we were to nominate the most nauseat­ that more of my colleagues will agree BEEN WARNED ABOUT NHI ing news story of 1976, it would be the an­ with me after they read this column: nouncement that some money-hungry book THE MINIMUM WAGE publishers and motion picture producers are said to be interested in dramatizing the sor­ • (By Dr. Howard E. Kershner) HON. PHILIP M. CRANE did story of klller Gary Gilmore--with Gil­ A black boy of about 17, with good health OF n.LINOIS more featured as a sort of hero. The propa­ and good habits, spent his time in a play­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ganda buildup has evidently already started. ground, swimming, shooting basketball and Washington news writer Patrick Buchanan drinking soda with a group of associates. The Wednesday, February 2, 1977 cites the following gem written by an un­ owner of a nearby garage and service station identified "national correspondent": "De­ asked him why he wasn't working. He said Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, for some spite the violence that has punctuated his he could not find a job because he had no years now there has been an increasing life in and out of prison, Mr. Gilmore had one marketable skills worth the minimum wage clamor for national health insurance, side of his personality that showed some sen­ of about $90.00 a week at the time. mainly confined to special interest sitivity, and he dabbled in poetry and oil "Why don't you learn a trade?" asked 1.he groups and their advocates in the Gov­ painting." Buchanan promptly and accu­ man. "Because I don't have the money to ernment who are convinced they can rately labeled this description of Gilmore as attend school," replied the boy. have their cake and get someone else "sentimental swill." The man then said, "We could make a to pay for it. Recently, the Democratic In all of the attention being given to Gil­ mechanic out of you at my garage in a year Presidential candidate campaigned on more's suicide attempt, his hunger strike, his or two, if you would i::>e willing to clean up, a platform which called for the adop­ jail-house bethrothal and his past record as pump gas, wash cars and do jobs not requir­ something of a prison escape artist, the rea­ ing skill while you were learning the trade. tion of a "comprehensive national health son why he was sentenced to death seems to Besides teaching you, we would pay $1.00 insurance system with universal and have been forgotten. It is time that we per hour." The boy was eager for the job mandatory coverage * * * financed by remembered. and said nothing would please him more. a combination of employer-employee On July 20, Gilmore murdered David Jen­ However, he added, "I have had such offers shared payroll taxes and general tax sen, 24, in a nickels and dimes gas station before, but Uncle Sam will not let me work revenues." Within the first few days of holdup. Jensen, a former missionary in the for less than the minimum wage." the 95th Congress, major proposals for Mormon church, was working at the service I used to park my car near the playground. NHI were introduced offering a variety station to help pay his way as a law student There were many teenage boys, and often at Brigham Young University, and to support girls, whiling away the time in the swimming of plans for coverage and payment. his wife and baby. None of that mattered to pool and at various games, drinking sodas We have been told by the doomsayers Gilmore, of course. David Jensen was gunned and eating popcorn. that our Nation's health care system is down in cold blood. These young people are idle for the same approaching a crisis and that the only On the very next night, July 21, Gilmore reason just described. way to solve its problems are by impos­ pulled another holdup. This time his victim Now and then one of them is recruited ing more rules, regulations, paperwork, was Bennie Bushnell, a motel clerk in Provo. into the ranks of the criminal element. They and bureaucratic institutions on an al­ Bushnell, also married with one small chtlr:l are taught how to snatch purses, pick pock­ ready overburdened medical profession. and another baby on the way, was working ets, steal from stores, steal automobiles, sell Great hue and cry has been raised over to earn money to get back into school. Bush­ dope, and other serious crimes. nell followed the instructions of the robber the high costs and allegedly inferior "Satan finds some mischief still for idle quality of our health care in comparison to the letter. He turned over the money from hands to do." the till: $120. Then he was ordered to lie to that of other Western countries, face down on the fioor, which he did. Then Idleness is the greatest recruitng ground charges which I believe are not justified. Gary Gilmore, who, we are now told, "has for crime. If these youngsters and millions some sensitivity," coldly fired two shot.q like them throughout the country had jobs, National health insurance is demanded the crime problems would be reduced to nor­ by some as a miraculous cure for what­ through his young victim's head. mal. But who can afford to employ them at If our sob-sisters are determined to weep ever ails our system, with little thought present minimum wages when they have no as to the chaos such a solution would tears, why don't they weep for the two widows marketable skills? and three orphaned children? in Why not have an apprentice wage that cause the delivery of health care in would enable these youngsters to earn some­ this country. thing while they acquire some useful skill A careful look at systems of socialized and gain the experience necessary to qualify medicine in Great Britain, Sweden, and YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT them as full wage earners? Canada should convince all but the die­ Why have the minimum wage? It is the hard advocates of a nationalized health principle cause of unemployment. But, if care plan of the disastrous effect it HON. JOHN N.ERLENBORN we are going to have it (for political rea­ would have on tht! overall health of OF ILLINOIS sons) why not establish an a.pprentice wage in order to save our precious teenagers, of Americans. Shortages of hospital beds, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES both sexes and all races, from idleness. They long waiting lists, even for necessary Wednesday, February 2, 1977 would like it much better than loafing. They surgery, and the emigration of skilled Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, the would earn something and would be acquir­ physicians are serious problems in coun­ Federal minimum wage stands as a bar­ ing useful skills. tries with national health systems, yet rier between hundreds of thousands of Why breed crime? Why not make the boys are unheard of in the United States. teenagers and their first jobs. This fact and girls happy by offering them opportuni­ Such nationalized medicine is far from is skillfully illustrated in a column by ties to do useful work and earn something free, judging by the astronomical taxes while they are doing it. in Sweden and Great Britain. Dr. Howard E. Kershner of the economics This is the way to solve the problem of department, Northwood Institute. The unemployment. Many of those who have worked under column appeared in the January 20, 1977, Where are the boys who used to deliver systems of nationalized health services issue of the Naperville Sun, a weekly groceries and telegrams? are now advising us to learn from their newspaper serving part of the 14th Con­ Where are the office boys who used to build mistakes and to carefully consider the gressional District in Illinois. fires, sweep floors, run errands, seal and effects that the adoption of a compre­ I want to share Dr. Kershner's insight stamp envelopes, wrap packages and make hensive health program would have on with my colleagues. I have in the past themselves useful around our offices? the United States. Mr. L. F. Detwiller, and will in the future support an ap­ I used to build fires and sweep fioors for an administrator in Canada's health prentice wage law to cut teenage unem­ $4.00 a week and was thankful to have the program and an internationally recog­ job. It kept me from being idle and was a nized consultant and lecturer on health ployment. I have also cosponsored the stepping stone to something better. Honorable BARBER CONABLE'S Youth Ap­ The minimum wage and the lack of an ap­ economics, warns of the costs and prob­ prentice Tax Credit Act tolen taxing employment through a multitude of goods; and 50 percent admitted shoplifting. OF NEW YORK imposts such as personal and corporate in­ The Illinois Mental Health Department is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES come taxes. We are also subsidizing inef­ conducting the study with financing from Wednesday, February 2, 1977 ficiency, non-work, and the absence of pro­ the federal Law Enforcement Assistance Ad­ duction through agricultural subsidies, Ex­ ministration, which released the report. Re­ Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, in the last port-Import Bank subsidies the "retirement searchers interviewed 3,180 youths between session of Congress one of the most test" for Social Security, etc: the ages of 14 and 18 in 40 of Illinois' 102 widely discussed pieces of legislation was No wonder the United States today has so counties, and talked with 1,970 parents of the so-called Humphrey-Hawkins bill. much unemployment! And the Humphrey­ those youths. Though it was never acted upOn, it Hawkins blll will, if enacted, only continue The study found that "peer group" in­ and intensify these trends. First, the money fluence, from youthful associates rather than served the purpose of focusing atten­ to pay for it can come only from current parents, determines whether a specific youth tion on a particular philosophy of eco­ producers and employers, thus adding to the will become delinquent. Sex, race, social nomics and Government policy. This already onerous tax on employment. Second, class, coming from a broken home, or living philosophy, in effect, argues that unem­ the money will be paid out as yet another in an inner city "really have relatively little ployment results from a failure in the subsidy of non-production. Thus it is incon­ influence." market mechanism. Government, there­ ceivable to me that such a program will do One sociologist spent two years in an af­ fore, must step in and guarantee full anything other than hurt workers, consum­ fluent Chicago suburb. He found that, so employment. ers, and the truly needy who rely on other long as youths did "important things" right, government programs. other acts were not strongly opposed, the I would be the first to agree that un­ A firm's decision to hire 1s based, in part, report says. employment is an unnatural phenom­ upon the total cost to the firm of the em­ "Adolescents live in a near-vacuum of enon which indicates a malfunction ployee's services. The more it costs a firm to morality enclosed by the perimeter of the somewhere in the system. However, I hire workers the fewer it will hire; con­ edict to achieve,'' the sociologist reported. believe that the source of this malfunc­ versely, the less it costs a firm to hire workers "Anything that jeopardizes their occupa­ tion has been misdiagnosed by those who the more it w111 hire. By the same token. a tional future is bad. The rest really doesn't support the Humphrey-Hawkins con­ man's decision to work is based, in part, on matter." the amount of money he will get for that cept. The malfunction does not lie in work. The ~ore the employee gets the more Dr. Gary Schwarts, an Illinois state an­ the free enterprise system, but rather willing he is to work, and vice versa. Em­ thropologist and co-director of the study, at the doorstep of Government itself. ployees, it should be noted, are not con­ said parents and institutions do have an In this sense, I think that everyone will cerned with the total cost picture; all they influence on the "norms" or peer groups-­ agree that Government can and should care about is how much they get, after taxes. but once peer standards are established they The difference between the wages firms pay become the overriding influence. do something about the unemployment problem. and the wages employees receive is called the Deerfield has had a full-time youth di­ "wedge." This wedge consists of income taxes, rector, Thomas A. Creighton, for about four In the following outstanding article, payroll taxes, excise taxes, sales taxes, prop­ years. He works closely with the- police, espe­ Prof. Arthur Laffer of the University of erty taxes, and the cost of government-man­ cially two officers assigned full-time to work Southern California presents what I be­ dated paperwork. with juveniles. lieve to be a persuasive argument that Let us consider a case where the wedge Youth "still want to know where the line high tax rates are a fundamental cause (or tax) on a worker's gross wages of $200 is painted-and want to know the conse­ for the current economic malaise. It per week is 20 per cent. Assume that the quences, if they cross it," says Mr. Creighton. employer nays half of that tax and the em­ "Kids aren't let off the hook," he added in would follow logically, therefore, that ployee half. Under these conditions the total an interview at his office. these tax rates must be reduced as a cost to the employer is not $200 per week but But neither are they simply prosecuted prelude to full economic recovery. Any $220 per week. The firm's decision to hire is for their offenses. Offenders get a lot of so-called full employment program based exclusively on the $220 figure. But the time and attention from Mr. Creighton and which does not significantly adjust the employee, after he has subtracted his tax­ the police youth offi.cials who help them find tax rates will inevitably fail. I believe wedge share of $20, 1s left with only $180 better things to do. that Professor Laffer's elaboration of per week. 3442 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977

It is easy to see what happens 1f the wedge Viewing the cyclical nature of the econ­ equitable and distorted spending must also is increased to, say, 40 per cent. Assuming omy from this vantage point also gives us be restrained. it is still divided evenly, then wages paid a slightly different perspective. Corporate-held capital is taxed today at by the firm rise from the $220 figure to $240; Let us imagine for a moment an economy exceptionally high rates on the margin. Cor­ the firm will hire fewer workers. Meanwhile, that produces, say, 1,000 real units of output porations pay a marginal tax rate of 48 per­ wages received by employees will fall from and has government transfers and purchases cent on each additional dollar of profit before $180 to $160; employees will be less willing of 500 real units. In this case, the producers anything goes to the ultimate owners of the to work. Both the firm's desire to hire work­ and workers who produce the 1,000 real units capital. On what they receive after the cor­ ers and the workers' willingness to be hired of output are able to keep 500 of those units. porate tax has been paid, the owners of the wm be reduced as the wedge increases. Out­ For every two units a man produces he gets capital must then pay additional personal in­ put falls and the level of total employment to keep only one. Fifty per cent, the wedge, come taxes. Exen 1f the marginal personal falls as the wedge increases. is taxed away and given to someone else. income tax rate were only 42 percent, this In the United States the wedge can be Let us see now what happens if, for what­ would imply that the tax wedge on corpor­ represented either by total government ever reason, there is a shortfall of income or ate-held capital would be close to 70 percent. spending, or by the total of transfer pay­ output from the 1,000-unit level to 900 units. And that means the corporate and personal ments. Basically, transfer payments are In our economy, as output and employment income taxes on reported profits. Because of transfers of real resources from producers to fall, government spending rises, almost en­ the effects of inflation, reported corporate people who do not produce; as such, they tirely as a result of increased transfer pay­ profits overstate actual economic profits. In­ reduce the amount of goods and services ments. Increases occur across a whole range ventory price increases are reported as profits available to the people who produced them. of categories, including open-ended auto­ when, in reality, they are not. Similarly, de­ Transfer payments are therefore a tax on matic increases in food stamps, Social Secu­ preciation is calculated from the purchase production and work, and a payment based rity benefits, education loans, and unemploy­ price of the capital good, not the replace­ upon a characteristic other than work. Some ment benefits. There will be newly legislated ment cost. of the transfers may be based on population increases as well. For the sake of the exam­ In addition to these obvious considerations, characteristics: age, residence, health, sex, ple, let's imagine that government spending some allowances should be made for capital­ race, etc. In many instances, transfers are a rises by 40 real units. gains taxes, excess-profits taxes, property payment explicitly for non-work: agricul­ Therefore, while output falls from 1,000 to taxes, sales taxes, the cost of restrictions on tural subsidies, food stamps (which have a 900, government spending rises from 500 to the use of resources, and the cost of account­ maximum income requirement), Social Se­ 540. The wedge in the economy rises from 50 ants and lawyers hired to comply with gov­ curity payments (which impose retirement), per cent to 60 per cent. Producers and work­ ernment regulations. All things considered, housing subsidies, and, obviously, unemploy­ ers receive only four-fifths of one unit for the total marginal tax wedge on corporate­ ment compensation itself. every two they produce, where as they used to held capital may well be in excess of 90 per­ receive a full unit for every two they pro­ cent. GOVERNMENT SPENDIN~ AND TRANSFER WEDGE 1 duced. By increasing its spending during a There must be some post-wedge yield if recession or downturn in production, the gov­ (In billions of dollars) people are to be induced to save in order to ernment reduces the incentives to produce provide the capital to employ workers. Thus and work. Far from stabilizing the economy, reducing tax rates, especially the high mar­ Government Spending Government Transfer such "countercyclical" spending will, in fact, ginal tax rates on capital, will reduce unem­ spending: wedge transfers: wedge Federal, (spending Federal, (transfers accentuate the cyclical aspects of the econ­ ployment, decrease misemployment, reduce State, and divided State, and divided omy. under-employment, and attract potential Year local by GNP) local by GNP) Several features of Humphrey-Hawkins as workers back into the labor force. drawn up last year directly accentuate the Another tax drastically in need of reduc­ 1950 ____ 61.0 o. 213 22.5 0.079 cyclical nature of the economy. By having a tion is the presonal income tax, especially 1955 ____ 97.9 .245 22.9 . 057 permanent countercyclical grant program to since a substantial portion o! the current rise 1960_- -- 136.4 .270 36.1 .071 state and local governments, this bill would in tax rates is due to the effects of inflation 1965_ --- 187.8 .273 49.4 .072 increase the severity of recessions and on progressive tax schedules. Perhaps the best 1970_- -- 312.0 .318 93.1 .095 1975_ --- 525.2 . 350 194.0 .129 heighten excessively expansionary booms. The single measure here would be to index the employment program would do the same. personal income tax. As a second best, in­ This program for all practical purposes raises dividual exemptions and deductions should 1 Source: Economic Report of the President the tax wedge during recessions and lowers be increased across the board. And an across­ In the ta!ble I have attempted to con­ the tax wedge during booms. As a conse­ the-board reduction in the tax rate (a nega­ struct a time-series on the wedge, both in quence, the economy would become more un­ tive tax surcharge) could be enacted. absolute magnitude and as a share of GNP. stable than it already is. Not surprisingly, the The effect of minimum-wage regulations Of necessity, much is omitted from the U.S. has just experienced the worst recession on the less-educated, disadvantaged workers figures, e.g.: 1) the market equivalent of the of the postwar period at a time when govern­ is exceedingly severe. If a minority youth in value to the owners of productive factors ment spending is taking its greatest share a poor neighborhood would like to work for lost through restrictions on the use of their of GNP and is geared most closely to the level $1.50 an hour, and a small minority-run resources such as transportation regulations, of unemployment. The impact on inflation business would like to hire him at that wage pollution controls, health requirements, follows directly from the impact on real out­ rate, it can't be done because of the mini­ etc.; 2) the market value of the time people put and production. Inflation results pri­ mum-wage law. After being chronically un­ spend to comply with government regula­ marily from too much money chasing too employed for a long period, such a person tions and forms; and 3) the total cost to few goods. Reducing output and production, becomes close to, if not literally, unemploy­ firms of accountants and lawyers hired to as I believe this bill would do, will lead to able. assure compliance with government regu­ higher prices. Complicated tax schedules, arcane build­ lations. In spite of these omissions, which In sum, Humphrey-Hawkins wlll do the ing codes, and other modern bureaucratic tend to understate the size of the wedge, reverse of what it promises. It will 1) reduce developments present a serious impediment the table is roughly indicative of the recent total employment, 2) make growth more to economic development by entrepreneurs in trends in the United States toward the cyclical and less stable, resulting in 3) higher poor neighborhoods. As if it weren't already growth of the wedge. prices. hard enough to start up a successful busi­ Depending upon the specific assumptions Nothing is more important than achieving ness in a poor neighborhood, the government­ underlying the cost estimates, one will come full employment and balanced growth. But imposed tax wedge is probably highest there. up with a larger or smaller figure by which the way to achieve more employment and It is precisely in these neighborhoods the Humphrey-Hawkins bill will increase greater output is to make it more profitable that another massive government program, the wedge. However, in virtually every re­ for workers to work and for employers to em­ Humphrey-Hawkins, is expected to undo the spect this blll will place additional burdens ploy. An economy does not reduce unemploy­ effects of a.U the previous similar programs. on producers and workers and simultaneous­ ment and increase output by taxing work and I doubt very much whether the United ly give little in the way of final output in employment. States can maintain peacetime full employ­ return. I! we are ever to achieve a sustainable high ment without a substantial reduction in The "reordering of national priorities" level of output, we must reduce the tax wedge the level of government spending as a share mentioned in the bill in fact means a con­ on producers and workers. These reductions of GNP. At the very least, this spending must tinuation of current policy trends. The gen- must occur predominantly in the already be redirected in such a way as to reduce the eral tendency, with some notable exceptions, overtaxed and therefore underemployed fac­ direct incentives for nonproduction and non­ 1s already to make the economy less efficient, tors of production. It is especially importan-t empoyment. especially in the areas of energy and trans­ for the reductions to be on marginal rates The proponents of Humphrey-HaWkins portation. The added levels of bureaucracy of taxation. Three areas of taxation deserve argue that if the market won't proVide ample required by Humphrey-Hawkins will be of special attention: taxes on corporate-held employment opportunities, then government little ultimate benefit to the country. And capital, personal income taxes, and the im­ spending must take up the slack. By hiring the value of the production of those to be plicit taxes (such as minimum-wage laws) on previously unemployed workers, the logic employed under this program will, through the less-educated and disadvantaged partici­ runs, the government Will place purchasing no fault of their own, not be as high as the pants 1n our economy. In addition to reduc­ power in the hands of people who w1l1 spend. payments made to them. ing tax rates on production and work, in- This spending 1n turn stimulates employ- February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3443 ment, and so the process continues. Even it that between the hours of 8 and 9 p.m. EQUITY FOR DIVORCED WOMEN the government employees produce nothing the number of young viewers between the of value (such as holes first dug and then ages of 2 and 11 is about 14 million. This filled up again) , the argument goes, the econ­ figure, according to Mr. Schneider, de­ HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY omy will still be better off in terms of total OF CONNECTICUT production and employment. clines to around 5.6 million between the There are two critical qustlons to be asked hours of 10:30 and 11 p.m. Quite a sub­ IN T~ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES here. First, how and from whom does the stantial number when you consider the Wednesday, February 2, 1977 government get the additional rsources to age group. Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, today I pay for the program? In the case of direct Television is a prime learning tool in taxes the answer is clear. For every dollar a. am introducing legislation to reduce from recently hired government employee gets, the lives of these youngsters. But un­ 20 to 10 the number of years a divorced some private employee gets one dollar less; fortunately, television programing does woman must have been married to an the Increased spending by the government not reflect the magnitude of its responsi­ insured individual in order to qualify for employee is exactly offset by the reduced bility to viewers of all ages. social security benefits based on the earn­ spending of the now-taxed private employee. The participants at the hearing in Chi­ ings of her former husband. If the spending is financed by debt issue, then some borrower will be "crowded out" of cago cited the lack of reality in television Over the years the social security sys­ the capital market and his spending will fall programs. A stabbing, a shooting, a beat­ tem has undergone continuous reevalua­ by the amount by which the government ing are portrayed as the natural way to tion to insure adequacy and equity. While employees' spending rises. get things done. Children learn that acts the essential principles of the program Whether private producers are taxed out of violence will get them what they want. have been maintained, social security or crowded out, total aggregate demand will Television, for the most part, is a world benefits have been adjusted, thus demon­ not change. Only if we totally ignore the of fantasy and for children the distinc­ strating a sensitivity to a changing real effects of the financing will we expect society and to the changing needs of an increase in demand much less in real tion is never made between fantasy and supply. reality. We see violence romanticized or particular segments of our populace. The second question is whether the total having glamour. We see the he-man who Nevertheless, there remain certain wedge will not Increase and thereby lead gets what he wants through violence. categories of persons, among them to lower output. Using an admittedly ex­ What we do not see is the agony and divorced women, who are still inad­ treme example, what would happen if the suffering and death which accompanies equately protected by social security. government raised taxes and spending to the Under current law, a divorced woman entire amount of GNP? Does anyone for a these acts of violence. To children it is moment think that output would not fall? just a make-believe game where a man is must have been married for at least 20 People who feel that full employment legisla­ shot, gets up, brushes himself off, and years in order to receive a wife's or tion will move the economy to a higher level walks away. widow's benefits. This 20-year marriage of employment and output have overlooked In 1968, President Lyndon Johnson requirement is unduly harsh. Women the facts that 1) the people who are taxed established the National Commission on who have been married, 14, 15, 19, even or can't borrow because of the financing of the Causes and Prevention of Violence. 19¥2 years, find themselves without any this program will reduce their spending to This Commission studied the violence social security benefits, because of the offset increased spending by those who re­ arbitrary 20-year duration-of-marriage ceive the funds, and 2) with a larger share of portrayed in television programs. In 1969, output going to the tax wedge, employers the Commission issued the following requirement. Yet a woman who was mar­ and employees will switch from work and statement: ried for just a few years less than 20 years production Into non-work and non-produc­ We believe it is reasonable to conclude that may have spent her prime working years tion. a constant diet of violent behavior on tele­ in the home and, as a result, be left with vision has an adverse effect on human char­ either no social security protection or a acter and attitudes. Violence on television very meager benefit based on her own TELEVISION VIOLENCE encourages violent forms of behavior and earnings. Her likelihood of remarrying fosters moral and social values about violence or finding new employment are dismal, In dally life which are unacceptable in a at best. civllized society. This 20-year duration-of-marriage re­ HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY The Commission· went on to say that quirement is all the more inequitable in OF U..LINOIS television was emphasizing "antisocial view of the fact that an undivorced IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES styles of life." woman may become entitled to a wife's In 1975, a study by University of Utah benefit after only 1 year of marriage or Wednesday, February 2, 1977 researchers reported that children who to a widow's benefit after having been Mr. MURPHY of Dlinois. Mr. Speaker, view television heavily can become de­ married for a minimum of 9 months. television violence, as many of my col­ sensitized to violence in real life: The estimated cost of this legislation, leagues know, has been the subject of Normal emotional responses to human suf­ $70 million, is not prohibitively expen­ much discussion over the past few years. fering become blunted and this desensitiza.­ sive, particularly in light of the fact that For better or worse, watching television tion may easUy cause not only major In­ in the first year the legislation would has become an American pastime and creases In our society of acts of personal ag­ affect close to 20,000 to 30,000 women. an estimated 15 to 20 million viewers a.re gression but also a growing attitude of in­ Approximately 5,000 more women would children of school age and younger. It is difference and nonconcern for the victims be eligible each succeeding year since no wonder that parents are worried and of real-life violence. most women who would be eligible for alarmed over the impact television vio­ Since the Federal Communications the benefits, were they to be enacted this lence may have on their children. Commission instituted the "Family View­ year, are older women. Younger women, In Chicago, local parent-teacher as­ ing Hour," it has met resistance. In a whose marriages last 10 years or more, if sociations are joining with the national recent court decision the FCC was held in they do not remarry, generally do work, PTA in calling for a halt to such tele­ violation of the first amendment. In spite and upon retirement become eligible for vision programing. Concerned parents, of this adverse ruling, the FCC continues benefits on their own account. educators, and civic leaders met last its :fight for the "Family Viewing Hour." Mr. Speaker, our efforts to end dis­ week at the Sheraton Hotel to express crimination against women-in this case Local PTA groups should be com­ divorced women-must continue un-' their opposition to the continued use of mended along with the national orga­ violence on television. Through their ef­ abated, and I urge my colleagues to sup­ forts, attention is being focused on the nization in drawing attention to the port the reduction in the duration-of­ effects of television violence on our young scope of this problem. Researchers and marriage requirement for divorced people. psychologists point out that regardless of women: The House Subcommittee on Commu­ family background, school performance, H.R.- nications of the House Committee on or home life, the single most important A blll to amend title II of the Social Secur­ determinant of a child's aggressiveness ity Act to reduce from 20 to 10 years the Interstate and Foreign Commerce held length of time a divorced woman's mar­ hearings in July of 1975. At those hear­ is the amount of television violence he riage to an insured individual must have ings it was brought out by John Schnei­ views. This is a powerful conclusion that lasted in order for her to qualify for Wife's der, president of CBS broadcast group, no parent can take lightly. or widow's benefits on his wage record 3444 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of the results of the FPC's July decision as In my estimation it is intolerable that Representatives of the United States of it affected two gasfields in southern a person in such a responsible position as America in Congress assembled, That sec­ tion 216(d) of the- Social Security Act is Texas and Louisiana owned by Conoco. Mr. Dixon should be allowed to make amended by striking out "20 years" in para­ In a recent article published by the com­ derogatory statements with impunity. graph (1) and (2) and inserting in lieu pany, Bob Lee, head of Conoco's Houston Bigotry should not be countenanced in thereof in each instance "10 years". Natural Gas and Gas Products Division, any public official; Mr. Dixon has re­ SEc. 2. Section 202(b) (1) (G) of the Social summed up the present natural gas sit­ gretted his remarks but he has not Security Act is amended by striking out "20 uation as follows: offered a public apology to Ralph Nader. years" and inserting in lieu thereof "10 The differential between prices for inter­ I believe this is the least that should be years". state (regulated) and intrastate (non-regu­ expected. It would not surprise me to see SEc. 3. The amendments made by this Act lated) gas amounts in some instances to a serious effort to force his resignation shall apply only with respect to monthly in­ more than $1.50 per thousand cubic feet. surance benefits under title II of the Social This sharp difference in price has two in­ develop over the next few days. Security Act for months after the month in evitable consequences. First, its means that His resignation would illustrate once which this Act is enacted. producers put as much of their production and for all that racial and ethnic slurs as possible into intrastate markets. That's have no place in our American public what happened at Conoco. Three years ago, life. two thirds of our gas was sold on interstate THE NEED FOR GAS markets. Today, the percentage has dropped DEREGULATION to about half. A CASE OF BRAVERY WITH A GUN Another consequence of the multitier pric­ ing structure is that marginal fields-those with low reserves or that are particularly ex­ HON. TENO RONCALIO HON. JAMES M. COLLINS pensive to produce, simply won't be devel­ OF WYOMING OF TEXAS oped if the gas can't be sold within the State IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at free market prices. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, February 2, 1977 Wednesday, February 2, 1977 Mr. Speaker, the FPC's July ruling was Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, the Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, only the first step in the right direction. American people possess an advantage as we enter into one of the coldest win­ Complete deregulation is needed imme­ over the citizens of almost every other ters our Nation has experienced in re­ diately if America.is ever going to realize nation, the right to defend ourselves. cent years, Americans are becoming energy self-sufficiency. Many people do This is a right which is exercised many acutely aware of the need for a perma­ not seem to understand how deregulation times, but rarely do we hear of the acts nent supply of energy resources. Natural would affect the price of gas to the con­ of bravery performed by the individuals gas, the most efficient and cleanest of sumer. Only 20 percent of the final price who are protecting their own lives or our fossil fuels, is the energy resource in of gas to the consumer is the wellhead the lives of others. greatest demand. Yet, this winter, an price: 80 percent of the price is involved An editorial in the Wyoming State estimated 14 of our Nation's States are in pipeline and distribution cost. Tribune of Cheyenne praised the suc­ experiencing severe shortages of their Second, only about 8 percent of the to­ cessful attempt of a hunter to stop a natural gas supplies. tal production of natural gas would come criminal who had just gunned down a up for deregulation every year. Deregula­ The demand for natural gas has in­ highway patrolman in cold blood. tion applies to so-called new gas not cov­ The editorial noted the "value of the creased steadily since World War II, ris­ ered by old existing gas contracts. Many ing from 18 percent of total U.S. energy armed, and concerned citizen." This contracts will be in effect for the next 15 story is just one example of many lives consumption in 1950 to 30 percent in years, so it will be a gradual process ab­ 1974. By 1975, natural gas had emerged which are saved each year due to the sorbed by the economy. presence of a gun. as the primary heating source for 40 The answer to our dwindling natural million homes, 3.4 million commercial It is my feeling that honest, law-abid­ establishments, and 200,000 industrial gas reserves is clear, Mr. Speaker-de­ ing citizens should not be disarmed. plants. Despite the growing demand, the regulation. I have recently introduced a Otherwise, everyone would be at the gas deregulation bill in the House, H.R. mercy of the criminals who will always production of natural gas remains mini­ 1562. It is urgent that Congress take mal-a direct result of continued con­ be armed. gressional regulatory price controls im­ some positive action in the quest for en­ At this point, I would like to share with ergy self -sufficiency. I urge my colleagues my colleagues the story of a brave man posed on our Nation's oil and gas indus­ to lend their support to this bill for a tries. who risked his own life to shoot a killer free unregulated market so America can so that other lives may be saved. The Clearly the natural gas shortage is the finally realize domestic energy independ­ editorial follows: direct result of decreasing production ence. and discouraged recovery efforts by our THE ARMED CITIZEN IN ACTION Nation's producers. The gas producers We hope you read the story in yesterday's issue of this newspaper about the deer could not afford to initiate new explo­ ETHNIC SLURS IN PUBLIC LIFE hunter from San Angelo, Tex., and his son ration and recovery programs under the who were returning home from New Mexico old FPC price control limits. Recent sta­ and a hunting trip. tistics show natural gas producers re­ HON. JOHN P. MURTHA If you didn't we'll repeat it here. If you ceiving $0.39 per million Btu, while coal OF PENNSYLVANIA did maybe we can bore you again because it bears on some current thinking in t hts producers are receiving $0.79 Btu, fol­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lowed closely by domestic oil at $1.30 Btu, country concerning ownership of firearms Wednesday, February 2, 1977 and the law-abiding citizen. and imported oil at $2.40 Btu. The unidentified San Angelo man and his What is the answer to our dwindling Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, I was both son according to the UPI account were driv­ gas reserves? Deregulation is the only shocked and dismayed to read recently of ing along a highway in West Texas when logical solution. The supply availability Federal Trade Commissioner Paul Rand they observed a pickup truck being pursued of the intrastate gas market points vivid­ Dixon's remarks directed toward Con­ by a highway patrol cruiser. sumerist Ralph Nader. While I do not The latter overtook the pickup and pulled ly to the success of deregulation in the it off to the side of the highway and the interstate market. Intrastate gas is in deny Mr. Dixon th~ right to disagree West Texas man and his son then saw the plentiful supply, because intrastate gas with Mr. Nader I do take very strong officer running toward the back of the ve­ sells in the open market. Where produc­ exception to his irresponsible and irra­ hicle. Then as they pulled into a roadside ers are drilling for intrastate contracts, tional language wherein he cast asper­ park to observe further they saw the patrol­ demand for rigs has been strong. sions on Mr. Nader's ethnic origin. man lying on the ground with a. man stand­ ing over him shooting the officer. The Federal Power Commission's It is truly a sad day when a man of One of the pair, either the man or his son, July 1976 decision to increase the base Ralph Nader's unquestioned integrity the story did not say which, took a high­ ceiling rate for new interstate gas was should be assailed by a member of the powered rifle and flring from 100 to 150 one of the most positive steps taken to executive branch whose very office would yards away, hit the gunman at least once date in alleviating the natural gas cri­ demand the utmost in balance and ob­ killing him. sis. Mr. Speaker, I would like to share jectivity. The officer was dead, slain by at least 10 February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3445 bullets fired into his body by the gunman report of the 2d session of the 94th Con­ Proposed OCS bill who was driving a vehicle stolen in San gress and I have asked the staff of the The proposed OCS bill finds that there are Francisco last week. select committee to analyze the OTA re­ a number of administrative problems that The district attorney of the jurisdiction port, and specifically its findings and retard development, and requires coordina­ where the shootings occurred says that the tion and consultation of all Federal depart­ man who killed the gunman with the high­ suggestions to Congress for legislation. This comparison, which is attached, in­ ments and agencies to assure the elimina­ powered rifle ought to be given a medal; he tion of inconsistant on duplicative require- made clear anyway he would not be prose­ dicates that the proposed OCS bill will ments. cuted. insure prompt and safe development of CONGRESSIONAL OPTIONS But more than that, it points up the value our offshore resources: OTA report of the armed, and concerned citizen. Recently COMPARISON OF REORGANIZATIONS BY OFFICE OF we noted arguments against a Massachusetts 1. Assign a single policy-level office within TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN THEIR 1976 proposal involving handguns which would REPORT "COASTAL EFFECTS OF OFFSHORE EN­ the Department of the Interior the authority have been confiscated by the state, after due and responsiblllty for OCS policy coordina­ ERGY SYSTEMS" WITH PROPOSED HOUSE BILL tion. compensation. These firearms, admittedly, TO AMEND THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF only involved handguns and not shoulder­ LAND AcT To BE CoNSIDERED BY THE Ao 2. Assign to a single policy-level office fired weapons of 16 inches or more in length Hoc SELECT COMMITTEE ON THE OUTER CoN­ within the Department of the Interior gen­ but nonetheless the moral seems clear. Be­ TINENTAL SHELF eral responsibility for program coordination cause one spokesman for a police association with all Federal agencies with OCS respon­ pointed out that such a movement would OFFSHORE PRIORITIES AND PLANNING sibilities and specific line authority and re­ disarm honest and lawabiding citizens whom OTA Report sponsibUity for operations of: law enforcement agencies need; the police, Future deployment of ocean technologies Those sections within the USGS which he pointed out, cannot do it all. on a large scale could create serious conflicts now draft and enforce technical regulations This would seem to have been amply among users and impose excessive burdens for offshore oil and natural gas activities; proven in the Texas incident; what would on ocean and coastal environments unless a Those sections within the Bureau of Land have happened, we would like to ask, had this system for setting priorities of use and for Mana~ement which now supervise offshore person, whoever he may be, not bestirred zoning ocean areas, much as land areas now leasing and environmental studies programs; himself to act in behalf of law and order by are zoned, is established. and killing this murderer in the act of taking the Proposed House bill All land uses, ocean use, economic, geolog­ life of the patrolman? How many other in­ ical, and other planning that is now carried nocent victims' lives, either other law en­ In its findings, purposes, and policies, the on independently in various sections within forcement officers or else civilians, might proposed OCS bill notes the need for detailed the Interior Department that relate to OCS have been killed by this slayer had he not planning by the Federal government, and af­ operations. fected states, to minimize conflicts and ad­ been shot down there. Proposed OCS bill verse impacts, and notes the possible conflicts In the words of the local district attorney 1. An Office of Assistant Secretary for OCS who investigated the case, this unnamed hero among ocean users and the need for the Fed­ eral government to assume responsibility for matters is established, with responsibUity does deserve a medal because he risked his for all Interior Department OCS matters. own life to take gun in hand, stand out on the minimization or elimination of conflicts. CONGRESSIONAL OPTIONS 2. This Office of Assistant Secretary is that highway and dare to shoot that killer statutorily given all the functions of the in the act of taking another man's life. OTA report Secretary pursuant to the OCS Act, which in­ He deserves the thanks of all persons of Congress may wish to deal with problems cludes- good will who owe him a. debt of gratitude arising from conflicting ocean uses on any Drafting, promulgation and enforcement if only for the great example he has provided of a number of policy levels. It could: of OCS regulations-except for surveying of the law-abiding citizen in action in behalf 1. Mandate a detailed study of conflicting and preparing maps; of society where in too many instances, espe­ ocean uses to assemble a data base on present Preparation, use, and evaluation of various cially today, the individual simply does not and future uses and suggest priorities for de­ leasing systems; coordination of NEPA re­ want to get involved because it might mean velopment and control. Such a study could quirements; and cooperation with NOAA some risk to himself. He'd rather let some­ also assess present Federal organizational for environmental studies. body else do it even 1f it means that person's capabilities to deal with such conflicts and, General planning and preparation of leas­ death. if appropriate, propose changes, if any, re­ ing program based on weighing of relevant quired in the Federal structure. factors, interests, and problems. 2. Provide one ocean-related agency with REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE authority to resolve ocean-use conflicts that JOHN M. MURPHY ON THE OTA result from increased offshore activities. Any OTA report REPORT AND THE PROPOSED OCS such delegation of authority probably would Inadequate regulation and enforcement of BILL have to specify arbitration, public or private, offshore oil and gas technology could result as an avenue for resolving some conflicts. in more accidents and more oil spllls than 3. Require joint planning for offshore uses would occur if a more effective system were HON. JOHN M. MURPHY by conflicting parties, public and private, implemented. OF NEW YORK domestic and foreign. Proposed OCS bill Proposed House bill The proposed OCS bill finds that safety IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES regulations need to be reviewed in Ugh t of 1. The proposed OCS blll requires the Sec­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 retary of Interior to prepare an exploration new information, and demands; and makes it a purpose of the Act that OCS operations Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. Speak­ program to obtain necessary information to be safe, with well designated regulations and er, on December 2, 1976, the Office of allow adequate evaluation of the value and newest technology, precautions, and tech­ Technology Assessment issued a report risks of OCS development, the impacts on niques. State and local governments; requires studies CONGRESSIONAL OPTION on the "Coastal Effects of Offshore En­ to be undertaken of the state of the environ­ ergy Systems." After a comprehensive ment and effects of OCS activities on the OTA report review of the present problems and hopes environment. The following options are available for for offshore development in the Mid­ 2-3. The proposed OCS blll requires a five making changes to the present system: Atlantic Region off New Jersey and Dela­ year leasing program to be prepared by the 1. Require that OCS orders be completed ware, OTA concludes that exploitation Secretary of Inte:r.ior, after consultation with prior to, and made part of, all lease sales. of our offshore resources can proceed, states, other government agencies, and in­ Such orders should include design standards and should proceed, provided adequate terested citizens; the leasing program must for the complete system, along with test and safeguards are established and main­ consider impact on other resources users, and inspection schedules. Require development tained. the environment; must discuss location of plans to be complete and comprehensive, to leasing areas in relation to other uses of the utilize environmental data developed for the The Ad Hoc Select Committee on Outer sea and seabed; and must be based on a region, and to follow specified standards and Continental Shelf, after its almost 2 years proper balance between oil and gas develop­ practices for the system. of work, agreed with these conclusions. ment, environment protection, and advance 2. Transfer regulatory and enforcement The bill, S. 521, passed by both Houses impact on coastal areas. authority from USGS to the U.S. Coast Guard but not enacted into law because of FEDERAL :MANAGEMENT SYSTEM for major OCS systems, and apply existing Coast Guard regulations on drill ships and parliamentary maneuvers at the end of OTA report the 94th Congress, contained the neces- floating platforms to other offshore tech­ Federal management of the offshore oil nology. sary safeguards detailed in the OTA re­ 'and gas program is fragmented within the 3. Separate regulation and enforcement for port. Department of the Interior and coordination daily OCS operations within the Federal I introduced on January 11, 1977, the with other Federal agencies which share Government by assigning these responsibili­ ocs bill as outlined in the conference jurisdiction is ineffective. ties to an agency, or department, other than 3446 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 Interior, while preserving Interior's OCS de­ Proposed OCS bill compensation for spills by lessees and a velopment responsibilities. Findings, purposes, and policies, listed !l.n fund; authorizing judicial remedies, includ­ Proposed OCS bill the bill detail the need for additional state ing class actions. 1. A comprehensive set of safety regula­ input into OCS decisions, the need of states 2. If areas of definition or procedures are tions are to be prepared, requiring best avail­ for additional information, and the role of not sUfficiently specified, detailed standards the states in planning. for administrative and court review so as to able and safest technology; regulations are fill in gaps are provided. to be prepared for inspections, testings, and CONGRESSIONAL OPTIONS OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT AND CLEANUP investigations. Development plans deta.iling OTA report all facilities and operations, and implemen­ OTA report 1. Congress could require the Department tation of environmental and safety stand­ of the Interior to solicit State comments on There is no assurance that the technology ards are required. Specified standards for re­ proposed lease sales, State proposals for utilized in the Baltimore Canyon Trough or quirements of such plans, as to safety stand­ in any other OCS frontier region would be ards, their details, and their implementation, stipulations to be written into leases, and State comments on development plans to adequate for oil spill surveillance, contain­ are listed. Plans can be disapproved, mod­ ment, and cleanup. ified, or altered so as to ensure safe oper­ protect economic and environmental inter­ ests. The Department of the Interuor could Proopsed OCS bill ations. 2-3. Department of Labor and the Coast be required to explain in writing why any Proposed OCS bill contains findings, .pur­ Guard are given specified regulators and en­ State proposal was rejected and States could poses, and policies, calling for procedures for forcement authority; investigations by Labor have a. right of appeal. limiting possibility of spills and providing and Coast Guard as to accidents, and spills, 2. Congress could require enforcing agen­ for prompt removal of spills. cies to submit to the States long-range and respectively are required; allegations as to CONGRESSIONAL OPI'IONS safety violations must be investigated by detailed plans for enforcing lessee compU­ a.nce with operating orders, evaluate State OTA report Labor and Cost Guard; regulations by Labor 1. Provide authority and funding for the are mandated for hazardous worker's ac­ comments on the plans, and modify the plans, or expladn a failure to modify them, Coast Guard to pwtrol for oil spills and take tivities. to accommodate State objections. charge immediately should a. spill occur. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 3. Congress could require that an impact 2. Prepare definitive regulations for indus­ OTA report statement be prepared to accompany each try to follow, including standards for equip­ Environmental research and baseline development plan and that major develop­ ment, minimum levels of manpower readi­ studies are not formally coordinated with ment plans include detailed descriptive, de­ ness, and responsibility for coverage on all the interior Department's leasing schedule sign, and procedural information on offshore OCS oil spills. and there is no requirement that informa­ and onshore facilities that industry wants Other Options tion gathered be used in the decisionma.king to build. Federal and State officials could develop a. process for sale of offshore lands and sub­ Proposed OCS bill strong information program to advise local sequent operation. 1. State comments are to be soldcited for officials and the public of procedures that Proposed OCS bill the leasing program, lease sales, exploration would be followed and parties who are re­ The proposed OCS bill requires that the plans, and development plans. Any comments sponsible for actions in the event of a. spill. leasing program be based on adequate in­ by states must be responded to in writing, Proposed OCS bill formation about environmental hazards and and recommendations by states as to lease 1. Coast Guard is given authority to as­ ecological characteristics of region to be sales and development plans are only to be sure adequate enforcement of oil spill pro­ leased. Both exploration and development overriden if necessary for national security tections; is to promptly act to remove dis­ plans, submitted by leasees, require con­ or overriding national interests. Detailed charges; and is to make report on spills, sistency with a. balance of protections of procedures for review of Interuor decisions actions taken as to spills, and lessons learned. ecology and development. by the courts, with standing to affected 2. Safety standards, required by the bill, CONGRESSIONAL OPI'IONS states, are provided. are to ensure safe operations, so as to mini­ 2. Both exploration and development plans mize the possibilities of spills. Lessees and OTA report must include details as to compliance with permittees are made responsible for all clean­ The following options could be employed safety regulations. All states are given the up costs. for making such changes in the present right to comment on plans and their com­ 3. The oil spill title details procedures for system as may be needed: ments must be responded to. information as to spills, compensation, and 1. Require that environmental studies be 3. At least once in every frontier area., an removal procedures, to go to states, local made a. formal part of the lease-management EIS is required prior to approval of devel­ communities, and affected citizens. process by providing data. for milestone opment. All development plans require a CONFLICTING OCEAN USES decisions. statement of information to be submitted 2. Require that environmental studies as to on-shore impact, and detailed. OTA report that would define baselines and identify 4. To insure state involvement, a Division There are potential confiicts between OCS sensitive or ha.oo.rdous areas and conditions of State and local liaison is established with­ oil and gas activities and vessel traffi.c en­ be completed prior to preparation of a de­ in the Department oi Interior. gaged in commercial shipping and fishing velopment plan, and that the data. be used OIL SPILL LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION activities. However, there has been no com­ prehensive study and analysis to identify all in evaluating and approving development OTA report activities. confiicts and to find ways of resolving them. Existing laws are not adequate either to Proposed OCS bill 3. separate the responsibillty for environ­ assign liab111ty. or to compensate individuals mental studies from the agency in charge or institutions for damages from oil spills re­ Findings, purposes, and policies detail pos­ of development (Interior) and put a. scien­ sulting from exploration, development, or sible conflicts of OCS activities with other tific agency in charge (such as the National production in the Baltimore Canyon Trough users of the sea. and seabed. The leasing Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). area. program, safety regulations, and exploration Proposed OCS bill Proposed bill and development plans are to be prepared ocs so as to minimize such confiicts. 1. Baseline studies are required for every Findings, policies, and purposes deta.U the lease area., to commence prior to a lease sale Regulations as to all aspects of OCS ac­ need for adequate funds for prompt removal tivities are to be coordinated so as to elimi­ and be completed prior to authorization of of oU spilled or discharged, and for damages nate confllcts avoid duplications, and insure development and such studies are to result caused by spilled or discharge oil. in specified information as to the various resolutions of disputes. Studies, regulations, elements of the existing status of the en­ CONGRESSIONAL OPI'IONS provisions, and plans, are to be based on the vironment and predict changes resulting OTA report need to minimize conflicts. from OCS activities. 1. Congress could adopt legislation deal­ CONGRESSIONAL OPTIONS 2. Studies are to be completed prior to ing with liability and compensation !or dam­ OTA report approval of a. development plan, and the ages associated with offshore on and gas Some of the options available to Congress Secretary can use this information in eval­ production that would be comprehensive for minimizing offshore con1Ucts are: uating the sutficiency of a plan. enough to cover such problems as indirect 1. Congress could expand the authority of 3. The Secretary of Commerce, using damages, class actions, and unlimited lia­ the U.S. Coast Guard to give it jurisdiction NOAA is made responsible for baseline stud­ bility. to establish an effective offshore traffic con­ ies and follow-up monitoring. 2. Congress could adopt liability and com­ trol system. Such authority already exists pensation legislation that addresses only di­ for Coast Guard jurisdiction over navigable STATE ROLE rect damages and let other issues evolve OTA report waters and areas around deepw8/ter ports. through case law. 2. Congress could authorize specific studies The limited role of State governments in Proposed OCS btll of confiicts in ocean uses and means to re­ the decision-making process for ocs devel­ 1. The proposed OCS bill has a detailed solve them. opment under existing laws and practices title establishing strict lia.bllity for spills; other Options may lead to unnecessary delays and im­ provides for responsibility for spllls; estab­ 1. Departments of Transportation and the proper planning for such development. lishing procedures for removal; providing Interior could draw up a memorandum of February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3447 understanding in which they agree to a sys­ fairs committees of both Houses should be The legislative veto is a useful and essen­ tem for resolving confiicts between vessel established. tial device of last resort to check on the traffic and OCS oil and gas activities. 2. While the current practice of holding executive branch. 2. Industry, with or without Department hearings in various committees on the same 10. The office of Assistant Secretary of of the Interior regulations, could deploy as foreign policy issues provides checks and State for Congressional Relations should be many subsea oompletions on oil and gas balances invaluable to the congressional upgraded to an Under Secretaryship and be wells as is practical and economically possi­ oversight function, joint hearings among made a major policymaking post. ble to reduce the number of surface struc­ committees and subcommittees with over­ D. Information: tures required for OCS production. lapping jurisdictions and even joint hearings 11. Congress must legislate a statutory basis" 3. Informal planning groups, with the in­ between House and Senate committees and for information classification and develop dustries and public involved, could be es­ subcommittees should be initiated. new security procedures for handling classi­ tablished to resolve confiicts. 3. To exercise Congress' oversight powers fied information and dealing with sensitive more effectively, the House International intelligence reports. Relations Committee and the Senate For­ Such a statute would guarantee a congres­ eign Relations Committee should hold hear­ sional role in an area now exclusively con­ TRmUTE TO TOM TEAR ings more frequently, both at the commit­ trolled by the executive branch. tee and subcommittee levels, on subjects not 12. To make better judgments on foreign directly related to legislation. policy issues confronting the United States, B. International Economic Policy: Congress must make better use of availa.ble HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE 4. Both the legislative and executive information and acquire new sources of in­ OF JdASSACF.nJSETTS branches must organize themselves for han­ formation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dling the many pressing international eco­ Better information for Congress will in­ nomic issues confronting the Nation. volve more efficient use of the present re­ Monday, January 31, 1977 The executive branch should give pri­ search and investigative agencies of the leg­ mary responsibility for international econom­ islative branch, increased use of outside Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, it is with ic policy to the Department of State, while "think-tanks," and the possible creation of pleasure that I join my colleagues in cit­ Congress should have its foreign affairs com­ a congressional "foreign policy assessment ing a hard-working member of the House mittee.s in both Houses acquire primary jur­ office," which would have access to a broad staff, Minority Chief Page Tom Tear, isdiction over international trade policy, in­ range of executive branch information, in­ who is retiring this month. cluding tariffs. cluding intelligence analyses, policy options I know I express the sentiments of my C. Measures to improve consultation: and alternatives, and field reporting. fellow Members on this side of the aisle 5. The current system of consultation be­ E. Additional mechanisms to insure con­ I tween the Department of State, as the prin­ gressional oversight of and participation in when say a hearty thank you to Tom for cipal executive agency responsible for for­ foreign policy: all of his dedication and service over the eign policy, and the Congress is inadequate 13. Although the President's Special As­ many years that he has been an integral and must be improved, with the emphasis on sistant for National Security Affairs should part of the mechanics of this branch of prior consultation. not be compelled to testify before congres­ the Government. His work here has made Consultation of Congress by the execu­ sional committees, he should be confirmed our work proceed with greater ease. And, tive branch before decisions are made is es­ by the Senate. In addition, greater efforts he has contributed immeasurably to the sential for the equal participation of Con­ shoud be made to develop closer contacts educational experience of the young gress in foreign policyma.king and for the ex­ between the National Security Council (NSC) istence of a good working relationship be­ and Congress. pages over whom he has had supervisory tween the two branches. Some initial congressional scrutiny of ap­ authority. 6. In the case of crises or special foreign pointees to this position has become neces­ At this time, I want to wish Tom a policy problems, joint "ad hoc" groups should sary because of the growing tendency of that happy, healthy retirement and all of the be instituted to serve as additional focal office-holder to play a key role in the formu­ good things he so richly deserves. points for consultation with the executive lation of foreign and national security policy. branch. Their memberships would be chosen 14. It is in the national interest and in by the leadership of each House anct would the interest of a coherent foreign policy !or draw on the staffs of the relevant comm1ttees. Congress to be represented at international CONGRESS AND FOREIGN POLICY The membership of these "ad hoc" groups conferences and for participating members would be chosen by the congressional leader­ to have a substantive voice in decisions made ship and would be composed not only of by the American delegation. Members should HON. LEE H. HAMILTON chairmen and ranking minority members of also participate in major international trips committees having international concerns, OF INDIANA by senior American officials, including the but also of middle- and junior-ranking mem­ President. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bers w1 th special interest or expertise in a 15. The Department of State should rein­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 crisis or problem at hand. stitute the publication of the Secretary of 7. To enhance further the consultative State's "foreign policy report," which would Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, during process, the Department of State should pro­ provide a basic and comprehensive state­ the 2d session of the 94th Congress, the vide: Regularly scheduled formal briefings ment of our foreign policy. Special Subcommittee on Investigations before the foreign affairs committees by 16. The President should institutionalize of the House Committee on Interna­ senior officials on U.S. foreign policy activities the practice of delivering a "state of the tional Relations conducted hearings on and international developments; special world" report or message to Congress, which briefings before those committees on sudden would outline broad foreign policy goals. the congressional role in the formula­ aiDd developing crises, without exception and tion of American foreign policy. A re­ Such an address would not only outline as soon as they occur; and frequent informal American foreign policy goals, but also serve port based on those hearings, entitled briefings of members by senior and junior as a basis for a general debate, in Congress, "Congress and Foreign Policy,'' has just State Department officials, at the request of on the tenets and objectives of U.S. foreign been issued. It examines the congres­ individual members and oomm1ttees or at the policy. sional role in foreign policymaking, the initiative of the State Department itself, on other foreign policy concerns that may arise. 17. Without necessarily enlarging congres­ nature of executive-legislative relations, Such briefings should be complemented by sional staffs, except perhaps in the area of and ways improvements can be made in weekly, written "foreign policy bulletins" for international economics, Congress should im­ those relations and Congress p~rform­ Members of Congress from the regional and prove its foreign affairs staffs' effectiveness ance in foreign policy matters. functional bureaus of the Department of and oversight capabilities, and thereby the I would like to bring to the attention State. state of overall relations between the execu­ of my colleagues the 17 recommenda­ 8. Early in the 95th Congress, the executive tive and legislative branches. tions of the report. and legislative branches should agree to ini­ The increased effectiveness of congres­ tiate a "question hour" period, during which sional staffs would be accomplished by aug­ RECOMMENDATIONS the Secretary of State in particular, but also menting the number of informal and free­ · A. Congressional committees: other Cabinet officers, answer questions from wheeling exchanges of views between Capitol 1. Both Houses of Congress should reform Members of Congress. Hill and the executive branch, instituting committee structures, streamline jurisdic­ Such sessions would be open to the entire exchange programs for congressional aides tions and improve intercommittee coordina­ membership of the House and Senate, would with agencies of the executive branch, and tion on foreign policy issues. The foreign af­ be limited to foreign policy matters, and allowing committee staffs to travel more, at­ fairs committees of both Houses should have take the form of "question-and-answer" tend international conferences more often, overall responsibility in coordinating the periods. and improve their oversight work abroad. foreign policy activities of Congress. The 9. The leg1sla.t1ve veto should continue to practice of using sequential or concurrent be used as a basic device for insuring effec­ This report, which also contains "con­ referral of the most important legislation af­ tive prior oonsuitation by the executive clusions" and "findings," is available fecting foreign relations to the foreign af- branch. from the House International Relations 3448 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 Committee. I hope my colleagues will more detailed information on Steve's these people don't exist ... they don't show activities. I am most pleased to pay trib­ up any place. So how C!ill you get the per find the report useful in the continuing capita money based on population, and how discussions over foreign policy formula­ ute to this outstanding \!Ommunity are Queens and the city going to get paid tion in the United States. leader, humanitarian, and good friend. for services (telephone, electricity, sanita­ The article entitled "Steve Trimboli and tion) that they give?" His Family of 5,000" follows: He further pointed out that in some rent­ STEVE TRIMBOLI AND HIS FAMILY OF 5,000 controlled buildings and one- and two-fam­ TRIBUTE TO TOM TEAR (By Phyllis Cohen) ily homes, "landlords are getting rid of senior The building housing the Italian Charities citizens" (who are on fixed incomes) and are of America at 83-20 Queens Boulevard is a taking in "the illegals who put down $100,- HON. BILL ARCHER rather unimpressive white brick edifice, when 000 in cash." OF TEXAS viewed from the outside. Just cross the Trimboli also said that the unlawful "melt­ ing" of these people with the rest of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES threshold, however, and you enter an at­ mosphere bustling with life and joy. population has resulted in an increase in Monday, January 31, 1977 These are the environs in which Steven R. the number of children attending school, making for overcrowded classrooms and dou­ Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, I appre­ Trimboli surronds himself five days a week. And although married for 28 years with two ble sessions. ciate this opportunity to join my Repub­ daughters to his credit, he considers the 5,700 Trimboli ha.<> been quite instrumental in lican colleagues in the House in saying components of the Italian Senior Citizens combatting this dilemma. He helped to or­ "Thank you and Godspeed" to Tom Tear, Center his other "family." He L<> the Center's ganize a demonstration at Sunnyside Gar­ who is retiring after so many years as executive director. He is responsible for co­ dens recently, denouncing the presence of aliens. He reports to the Immigration Natu­ the Minority Chief Page. ordinating its activitie~horal groups, dancing, band practice, exercise, classes, ralization Service any incidence of activity All of us owe Tom a deep debt of grati­ by an illegal alien. Finally, he and other tude for his assistance over the years, painting, sewing, drama workshops, and rap sessions-a job in which he takes great concerned citizens plan to go to Washington, and we will certainly miss him. pleasure and pride. D.C., to lobby for passage of Congressmen I join my Republican colleagues in "I love it. I really do. It's the·least money Rodino's and Biaggi's bllls. The bllls state wishing him, and his wife Carol, every I've ever made in my life, but it's given me that "employers who knowingly hire illegal happiness in the years ahead. perhaps the most enjoyment," Trimboli ex­ aliens will be penalized" and which asks that "additional funds be given the INS plained with a toothy grin. to He was born in Massachusetts but has to hire more agents to track down these of­ TRIBUTE TO STEVEN TRIMBOLI­ fenders." lived in New York ever since he was nine Other priorities on which Trimboli and his NEIGHBORHOOD LEADER AND years old. Corona and Elmhurst have been community have taken a definite stand in­ his homes for most of his adult life. Al­ FRIEND clude the alleged deterioration of Lefrak though extremely active in Italian civil af­ City, the completion of I.S. 227 on Northern fairs as well as in his church, St. Bartholo­ and Junction Boulevards, and the transfer mew's Parish, he is perhaps best known in HON. MARIO BIAGGI of Rescue Company 4 from the Woodside fire­ the community as the chairman of Commu­ OF NEW YORK house to Wllliamsburgh in Brooklyn, ags.inst nity Planning Board 4. which the chairman bore witness last week. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Board 4 (Corona-Elmhurst) includes all STABILIZATION Wednesday, February 2, 1977 the area bounded by the Long Island Express­ way, Queens Boulevard, 69th Street, Roose­ "We are being funded by the City Com­ Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, on Janu­ velt Avenue, and Flushing Meadow Park. mission on Human Rights for the purpose of ary 7, 1977, the Queens Tribune paid a Trimboli has been at the helm for two years opening up an office in Sherwood Village to tribute to one of the borough's most out­ and a participant for six years, and in both try to stabilize Corona Heights, namely Lef­ standing citizens, Steven Trimboli. lt is capacities he has guided his neighborhood rak City and Sherwood Village, because the my pleasure to insert the article into the through a number of controversial issues. whole area has turned. We've had meetings One of the more fiery crises, which threat­ with Lefrak management, businessmen, and RECORD and pay tribute to Steve. ened the board's very existence, occurred the commission to stop the degeneration of Steven Trimboli epitomizes the image this past year during the hearings for City that neighborhood-in other words, the oc­ of the involved American citizen. Many Charter revision. Essentially, according to currence of crime, vacancies, and vandal­ years ago, Steve saw his role in his com­ Trimboli, the city proposed eliminating ism-and make it a decent place to live, work, munity as that of a participant rather Board 4 and dividing the district between shop, and go to school again," mused Trim­ than an observer. The results are now Board 2 and Board 3 because it "did not boli. history. Steve h.as lent his considerable meet the criteria for the creation and main­ The chairmanship is a voluntary, non­ tenance of a community planning board," sa1aried position for which Trimboli has de­ talents to numerous community activi­ (i.e., a population of no less than 100,000 voted a large chunk of his time. He has been ties and in each case he has brought a and no more than 250,000 residents). Trim­ intensely involved in community affairs for sense of dedication and commitment boli was able to keep the board intact by ten years. His schedule has been so hectic with him. proving vis-a-vis studies from the post office that he laughingly remarked that "my kids Steve has served for the past 2 years as and the Board of Education that there were call me uncle now." chairman of Community Planning Board at least 175,000 people living within the con­ The drab green walls of his somewhat No. 4 in Queens which encompasses the fines of Board 4, "taking into account the cramped office bear testimony to the active communities of Elmhurst and Corona. census figures for 1970 and the influx of il­ role he has enjoyed within the community. He has provided the board with his legal aliens into Corona, Elmhurst, and Jack­ He was very modest about his achievements son Heights." and had to be prodded to discuss the many unique brand of dynamic leadership "Now, at least, we will have a say in what citations and awards that decorate his head­ which is based on his abilities to attack happens in our community. Grass root.animals, or badly.'" Eyeglasses (3) Federal, State or local governmental Food or beverages specially prescribed by units (tuition for children attending paro­ a physilcian (for treatment of 111ness, and chial schools is not deductible). Fair market FEDERAL INCOME TAX DEDUCTION in addition to, not as substitute for, regular value of property (e.g., clothing, books, diet; physician's statement needed) equipment, furniture) for charitable pur­ CHECKLIST Gynecologist poses. (For gifts of appreciated property, Hearing aids and batteries special rules apply. Contact local IRS office.) Home health services Travel expenses (actual or 7¢) per mile plus HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD Hospital expenses parking and tolls) for charitable purposes OF MICHIGAN Insulin treatment (may not deduct insurance or depreciation Invalid chair in either case). IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Lab tests Cost and upkeep of uniforms used in chari­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 Lipreading lessons (designed to overcome table activities (e.g., scoutmaster). a handicap) Purchase of goods or tickets from chari­ Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, each Neurologist table organizations (excess of amount paid year at this time millions of Americans Nursing services (for medical care, in- over the fair market value of the goods or begin the chore of figuring out their cluding nurse's board paid by you) services). Federal income taxes. Because of the Occupational therapist Out-of-pocket expenses (e.g., postage, sta­ many deductions, credits, exemptions, Ophthalmologist tionery, phone calls) while rendering services and allowances that exist, filing a per­ Optician for charitable organizations. sonal income tax return can be a con­ Optometrist Care of unrelated student in taxpayer's fusing and frustrating experience that Oral surgery home under a written agreement with a Osteopath, licensed qualifying organization (deduction is limited often resutls in tax overpayments. Re­ Pediatrician to $50 per month) . cent congressional studies have made it Physical examinations INTEREST clear that many older Americans pay Physical therapist Home mortgage. more income taxes than are legally due. Physician Auto loan. Tax overpayments create a special bur­ Podiatrist Installment purchases (television, washer, den for retirees on fixed incomes who Psychiatrist dryer, etc.). could put this money to better use. Psychoanalyst Bank credit card~an deduct the finance In an effort to help retired persons in Psychologist charge as interest if no part is for service preparing their Federal personal income Psychotherapy charges, loan fees, credit investigation fees, tax returns, the Committee on Aging Radium therapy or s1mllar charges. Sacroiliac belt (prescribed by a doctor) Points--deductible as interest by buyer has developed a checklist of itemized Seeing-eye dog and maintenance where financing agreement provides that deductions. This summary follows: Speech therapist they are to be paid for use of lender's money. CHECKLIST OF ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS FoB Splints Not deductible if points represent charges SCHEDULE A (FORM 1040) Supplementary medical insurance (Part for services rendered by the lending insti­ MEDICAL AND DENTAL EXPENSES B) under Medicare tution (e.g., VA loan points are service Surgeon Medical a.nd dental expenses (unrelm­ charges and are not deductible as interest). Telephone/teletype special communica­ Not deductible if paid by seller (are treated bursed by insurance or otherwise) are de­ tions equipment for the deaf ductible to the extent that they exceed 3% as selllng expenses and represent a reduction of a taxpayer's adjusted gross income (line Transportation expenses for medical pur­ of amount realized). 15c, Form 1040}. poses (7¢ per mile plus parkllng and tolls or Penalty for prepayment of a mortgage-­ actual fares for taxi, buse$, etc.) deductible as interest. INSURANCE PREMIUMS Vaccines Revolving charge accounts--may deduct One-half of medical, hospital or health Vitamins prescribed by a doctor (but not the "finance charge" if the charges are based insurance premiums are deductible (up to taken as a food supplement or to preserve on your unpaid balance and computed $150) without regard to the 3% limitation general health) monthly. for other medical expenses. The remainder Wheelchairs Other charge accounts for installment pur­ of these premiums can be deducted, but is Whirlpool baths for medical purposes chases-may deduct the lesser of (1) 6% of subject to the 3% rule. X-rays the a vera.ge monthly balance (average DRUGS AND MEDICINES TAXES monthly balance equals the total of the un­ Included in medical expenses (subject to Real estate paid balances for all 12 months, divided by 3% rule) ·but only to extent exceeding 1% State and local gasoline 12) or (2) the portion of the totaa fee or of adjusted gross income (line 15c, Form General sales service charge allocable to the year. 1040). State and local income CASUALTY OR THEFT LOSSES OTHER MEDICIAL EXPENSES Personal property Casualty (e.g., tornado, fiood, storm, fire, Other allowable medical and dental ex­ If sales tax tables are used in arriving at or auto accident provided not caused by a penses (subject to 3% llmitation) : your deduction, you may add to the amount w1llful act or willful negligence) or theft Abdominal supports (prescribed by a shown in the tax tables only the sales tax losses to nonbusiness property-the amount doctor). paid on the purchase of five classes of items: of your casualty loss deduction 1s generally Acupuncture hire. automobiles, airplanes, boats, mobile homes, the lesser of ( 1) the decrease in fair market Ambulance hire. and materials used to build a new home value of the property as a result of the cas­ Anesthetist. when you are your own contractor. ualty, or (2) your adjusted basis in the prop­ Arch supports (prescribed by a doctor). When using the sales tax tables, add to erty. This amount must be further reduced Artificial limbs and teeth. your adjusted gross income any nontaxable by any insurance or other recovery, u.nd, in Back supports (prescribed by a doctor). income (e.g., Social Security, Veterans• pen­ the case of property held for personal use, Braces. sions or compensation payments, Railroad by the $100 11mitation. You may use Form Capital expenditures for medical purposes Retirement annuities, workmen's compen­ 4684 for computing your personal casualty (e.g., elevator for persons with a heart aU- sation. untaxed portion of long-term capital loss. 3452 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977

CREDIT FOR CHILD AND DEPENDENT CARE OTHER TAX RELmF MEASUKES December 31, 1976), an election may be made EXPENSES Required to file a to exclude part of the gain based on a ratio Certain payments made for child and de­ tax return if of $20,000 (this amount will increase to pendent care may now be claimed as a credit gross income $35,000 for taxable years beginning after De­ against tax instead of as an itemized deduc­ Filing states is at least- cember 31, 1976) over the adjusted sales price of the residence. Form 2119 (Sale or tion. Single (under age 65)------$2,450 I! a taxpayer maintained a household that Exchange of Personal Residence) is helpful Single (age 65 or older)------3,200 in determining what g&.in, if any, may be ex­ included a child under age 15 or a depend­ Qualifying widow(er) under 65 with ent or spouse incapable of self-care, a tax­ cluded by an elderly taxpayer when he sells dependent child______2, 850 his home. payer may be allowed a 20% credit for em­ Qualifying widow(er) 65 or older with ployment related expenses. These expenses Additionally, a taxpayer may elect to defer dependent child------3, 600 reporting the gain on tee sale of his personal must have been paid during the taxable year Married couple (both spouses under in order to enable the taxpayer to work residence if within 18 months before or 18 65) filing jointly______3, 600 months after the sale he buys and occupies either full or part time. Married couple (1 spouse 65 or older) For detailed information, see the Instruc­ another residence the cost of which equals tions for Form 2441 on page 17. filing jointlY------4, 350 or exceeds the adjUsted sales price of the old Married couple {both spouses 65 or residence. Additio:1al time is allowed if ( 1) MISCELLANEOUS older) filing jointly______5, 100 you construct the new residence or (2) you Alimony and separate maintenance (peri­ Married filing separately______750 were on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces, odic payments). Additional Personal Exemption for Age.­ Publication 523 (Tax Information on Selling Appraisal fees for casualty loss or to de­ Besides the regular $750 exemption allowed Your Home) may also be helpful. termine the fair market value of charitable a taxpayer, a husband and wife who are 65 Credit for the Elderly.-A new, expanded, contributions. or older on the last day of the taxable year and simplified credit for the elderly has re­ Union dues. are each entitled to an additional exemp­ placed the former more complex retirement Cost of preparation of income tax return. tion of $750 because of age. You are consid­ income credit. Cost of tools for employee (depreciated ered 65 on the day before your 65th birthday. A taxpayer may be atle to claim this credit over the useful life of the tools) . Thus, if your 65th birthday is on January 1, and reduce taxes by as much as $375 (if sin­ Dues for Chamber of COmmerce (if as a 1977, you will be entitled to the additional gle), or $562.50 (if married filing jointly), if business expense) . $750 personal exemption because of age for the taxpayer is: Rental cost of a safe-deposit box for in- your 1976 Federal income tax return. ( 1) Age 65 or older, or come-producing property. General Tax Credit.-A new general tax (2) Under age 65 and retired under a pub­ Fees paid to investment counselors. credit is available. For this credit, the tax­ lic retirement system. Subscriptions to business publications. payer may claim the greater of ( 1) $35 per To be eligible for this credit, taxpayers no Telephone and postage in connection with exemption shown on line 6d, Form 1040A longer have to meet the income requirement investments. or Form 1040, or (2) 2 percent of tax-able of having received over $600 of earned income Uniforms required for employment and not income {line 15, Form 1040A or line 47, Form during each of any 10 years before this year. generally wearable off the job. 1040) but not more than $180 ($90, if mar­ For more information, see instructions for Maintenance of uniforms required for em­ ried, filing separately). Schedules Rand RP. ployment. Multiple Support Agreements.-In general, Earned Income Credit.-A taxpayer who Special safety apparel (e.g., steel toe safety a person may be claimed as a dependent of maintains a household for a child who is un­ shoes or helmets worn by construction another taxpayer, provided five tests are der age 19, or is a student, or is a disabled workers; special masks worn by welders). met: (1) Support, (2) gross income, (3) dependent, m ~ y be entitled to a special pay­ Business entertainment expenses. member of household or relationship, ( 4) ment or credit of up to $400. This is called the earned income credtt. It may come as a Business gift expenses not exceeding $25 citizenship, and {5) separate return. But in per recipient. some cases, two or more individuals provide refund check or be applied against any taxes support for an individual, and no one has owed. Generally, if a taxpayer reported Employment agency fees under certain e3.rned income and had adjusted gross in­ circumstances. contributed more than half the person's sup­ port. However, it still may be possible for c<>me (line 15c, Form 1040) of less than $8,- Cost of a periodic physical examination if 000, the taxpayer may be able to claim the required by employer. one of the individuals to be entitled to a $750 dependency deduction if the following credit. Cost of installation and maintenance of a requirements are met for multiple support: Earned income means wages, salari~s. tips, telephone required by the taxpayer's employ­ other employee compensation, and net earn­ ment (deduction based on business use). 1. Two or more persons-any one of whom ings from self-employment (generally could claim the person as a dependent if it Cost of bond if required for employment. amount shown on Schedule SE (Form 1040) were not for the support test-together con­ line 13). Expenses of an office in your home if em­ tribute more than half of the dependent's ployment requires it. A married couple must file a joint return support. to be eligible for the credit. Certain married Payments made by a teacher to a substi­ 2. Any one of those who individually con­ persons living apart with a dependent child tute. tribute more than 10% of the mutual de­ may also be eligible to claim the credit. Educational expenses required by your em­ pendent's support, but only one of them, For more information, see instructions for ployer to maintain your position or for main­ may claim the dependency deduction. Form 1040 or 1040A. taining or sharpening your skills for your 3. Each of the others must file a written employment. statement that he will not claim the de­ Political Campaign Contributions.-Tax­ pendency deduction for that year. The state­ payers may now claim either a deduction ment must be filed with the income tax re­ (line 32, Schedule A, Form 1040) or a credit turn of the person who c!aims the depend­ NATIONAL MEALS ON WHEELS (line 52, Form 1040), for campaign contribu­ ency deduction. Form 2120 (Multiple Sup­ tions to an individual who is a candidate port Declaration) may be ued for this pur­ for nomination or election to any Federal, pose. HON. GEORGE MILLER State, or local office in any primary, general Sales of Personal Residence by Elderly Tax­ OF CALIFORNIA or special election. The deduction or credit payers.-A taxpayer may elect to exclude IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is also applicable for any ( 1) committee sup­ from gross income part or, under certain cir­ porting a candidate for Federal, State, or cumstances, all of the gain from the sale of Wednesday, February 2, 1977 local elective public office, (2) national com­ his personal residence, provided: Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. m ittee of a national political party, (3) 1. He was 65 or o ~ der before the date of the State committee of a national political party, sale, and Sneaker, I am introducing today legisla­ or (4) local committee of a national politi­ tion to create a national meals-on-wheels cal party. The maximum deduction is $100 2. He owned and occuplied the property as program under the auspices of title VII {$200 for couples filing jointly). The amount his personal residence for a period totaling at least 5 years within the 8-year period end­ of the Older Americans Act. The purpose of the t:t.x credit is one-half of the political of this program would be to provide nu­ contribution, with a $25 ceiling ($50 for ing on the date of the sale. Taxpayers meeting these two requirements tritious meals to homebound senior couples filing jointly) . citizens and, as an important benefit, re­ Presidential Election Ca7npaign Fund.­ may elect to exclude the entire gain from Additlonally, taxpayers may voluntarily ear- gross income tl the adjusted sales price of duce the level of institutionalization of elderly Americans. This legislation, which mark $1 of their taxes ($2 on joint returns) their residence is $20,000 (this amount will for the Presidential Election Campaign Fund. increase to $35,000 for taxable years begin­ I originally in traduced in the last Con­ For any questions concerning any of these ning after December 31, 1976) or less. (This gress, is also being submitted today to items, contact your local IRS office. You may election can only be made once during a tax­ the Senate by Senator GEORGE also obtain helpful publications and addi­ payer's lifetime.) If the adjusted sales price McGovERN. tional forms by contacting your local IRS exceeds $20,000 (this amount will increase When I introduced this measure in the office. to $35,000 for taxable years beginning after 94th Congress, over 40 of my colleagues February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3453 joined me in support of the legislation. sess the cost-effectiveness of this pro­ splendid traditions in our country. When Today, more than 80 Members have co­ gram, and to work with others in gov­ a tiny minority objected to prayer and sponsored this important piece of legis­ ernment to expand and coordinate pre­ took their case to the courts, prayer was lation, which hopefully will soon be the ventive and community based service withdrawn from the public schools. And subject of committee h~arings. programs for the elderly, and for the now the pledge of allegiance to the flag The elderly feeding programs under blind and disabled who will also be served may also vanish from our schools, be­ title VII predominantly offers meals for under the terms of this legislation. cause an extremely small minority ob­ the elderly ir1 congregate settings. Of the Since first introducing this legislation jects. $300 million expended for the program last July, I have learned of successful I invite your attention to the testimony last year, just 13 percent went for home­ pilot programs, underbudgeted local of Mrs. Patricia Dunlap to the Board of delivered meals, equaling just 30,000 efforts, and demonstration projects Education of Prince Georges County, meals of a total240,000. Considering that around the country who need Federal Md. She is working to have the pledge of there are between 3 and 4 million home­ support. I have received letters and allegiance restored to the opening exer­ bound elderly Americans who could project descriptions from groups in Cali­ cises to remind our children of the stir­ make great use of a meals-on-wheels fornia, the State of Washington, New ring ideals of our Nation. program, the inadequacy of the pres­ Jersey, Alabama, and Illinois, which are TESTIMONY GIVEN AT PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY ent program is obvious. looking to this Congress for the assist­ SCHOOL BOARD MEETING, JANUARY 13, 1977 This legislation would establish a sep­ ance they require to maintain their My name is ~a.tricia. Dunlap and I repre­ arate funding under title vn for home­ operations. sent two organizations, The Conservative delivered meals at a level of $80 million The national meals-on-wheels program Caucus and Guardians of Traditional Edu­ for the first year, and $100 million for makes sound fiscal, medical, nutritional, cation. the second. Separate funding is required Last Sunday evening I attended a politi­ and human sense, and can be supported cal meeting in Bowie. During the question for two reasons. The present appropria­ by Members of all political persuasions, and answer period a young Prince Georges tion for elderly feeding is low consider­ as the present list of cosponsors indicates. student asked why there was no fia.g flying ing the universe of senior citizens who I invite all of my colleagues to join in outside his school, as required by State law. could benefit from the program. Only sponsoring this vitally needed legislation He also wanted to know why he could not about 1 percent of the elderly population and pressing for its enactment this year. obtain permission to have the Pledge of Al­ is currently served, which means that A brief description follows: legiance recited on a. dally basis in his class­ room. The answer was that the salute to the there are some 7 million men and women BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE NATIONAL MEALS­ unable to participate at present. There­ fiag had probably become as controversial ON-WHEELS AcT as the Lord's Prayer. fore, we do not want to take funds away Provides support for a nutrition project As I sat and listened to this exchange, it from congregate programs which areal­ which delivers, at a minimum, one home­ brought to mind a. simialr occurence a few ready hard pressed in order to better delivered hot meal containing a minimum years ago in an elementary school in Bowie. provide for the homebound. of one-third the daily recommended dietary At that time a fifth grade teacher was asked Second, we want the local meals-on­ allowances; by a. delegation of parents why his students wheels programs, which have been strug­ Provides that no more than 15 per cent of did not salute the flag or even have one in gling for years without adequate Federal those served may be blind or disabled and not his classroom. They were told that this was support, to know that they will not have elderly; a. very controversial subject. Establishes an information and referral It would seem that tJhe symbols of patri­ to compete with congregate programs for system to coordinate the program with other otism have not only become very contro­ needed funds. The specific appropriation services to the home-bound elderly; versial, but are definitely on their way out. under title VII will achieve that goal. In Establishes appropriations of $80 million Therefore, citizens should thank God for addition, this legislation makes a special for fiscal 1978, and $100 million for fiscal nationally televised sports events. Here, at attempt to support those programs which 1979, and sets a ceiling of 20 per cent of this least, our children are given the opportunity have demonstrated their expertise in amount for administrative costs, and 5 per to recognize by sight their national banner, providing meals and operating a meals­ cent for the administration of the State plan and by sound their national anthem; other­ required under title VII; wise they could grow up and never become on-wheel efforts. fa.miliar with the outward symbols of a A primary side benefit of providing the Provides for a study of the effectiveness of the program and the identification of the nation for which scores of thousands o! homebound elderly with nutritious areas with greatest need for the program, to young men have given tJheir lives. We sug­ meals is the probable reduction in the in­ include an evaluation of the impact on de­ gest to you that this is a national disgrace. stitutionalization of senior citizens. A creasing institutionalization, to be sub­ We also suggest to you that H.E.W. regu­ lack of ability to purchase or prepare mitted within 18 months after enactment; lations, which say that children now have adequate meals is a primary reason for Provides for a. three state demonstration the right NOT to recite the Pledge of Al­ the elderly having to enter nursing and project, in conjunction with the National legiance in the classroom if to do so would Aeronautics and Space Administration, to violate their convictions, DOES NOT MEAN retirement homes, or institutions. that the fiags have to be removed from the Some studies have concluded that as develop innovative means of packaging and distributing meals to inaccessible locations, classrooms and that NO ONE has to say many as 40 percent of our institutional­ and provides $500,000 for this project during tJhe Pledge of Allegiance. This is just an­ ized elderly have been placed in care other example of local education officials' fiscal 1978; overreaction to the federal bureaucracy's solely because of their inability to pro­ Mandates the Commissioner on Aging to vide themselves with meals. The price­ pronouncements. surely the removal of the work with others to identify and develop fiag and the ending of the salute to the fia.g tag for the institutionalization of our el­ methods for serving the elderly, blind and is as much a violation of the rights of those derly is about $5 billion annually. By disabled better; children who desire to practice these out­ comparison, the cost of the legislation I Gives a priority to organizations able to ward symbols of Americanism, as it is to am introducing today would be minimal, demonstrate an ability to operate such rerv­ make the other group be forced to do some­ and beyond its cost-effectiveness, would ices and which can show the need within the thing that might bruise their tender anti­ have the great social benefit of allowing community for them; American convictions. Encourages the use of volunteers in operat­ In conclusion, ladies and gentlemen, we the elderly to remain in their own home ing the program in order to reduce costs. communities, living independently and ask you to introduce a. resolution that would make it a policy to require all public schools with dignity in proximity to friends and in Prince George's County to fly the Ameri­ family. By doing so, this legislation TESTIMONY GIVEN AT PRINCE can fiag, and that each class not only con­ could have an important social impact GEORGES COUNTY SCHOOL tain an American fiag, but have a. daily not only on the elderly themselves, but BOARD MEETING, JANUARY 13, salute to the fia.g. If the purchase of these on the American family. 1977 fia.gs works a hardship on the county's fi­ The Senate Select Committee on Nu­ nances, we further suggest that each school trition and Human Needs conducted contact a local veterans' organization in its HON. MARJORIE S. HOLT area and ask that group to donate the miss­ hearings on this legislation last year, and ing flags. OF MARYLAND has concluded that enactment of the na­ Ending our thoughts, we ask you to re­ tional meals-on-wheels program could IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES member that we are privileged to live in the actually save between $200 to $400 mil­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 most blessed and most glorious nation ever lion in institutionalization and medical conceived in the history of the world, and costs in its first year of operation. The Mrs. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, the opening to pay symbolic tribute to it seems a small legislation contains provisions which will of each schoolday with a prayer and the price to ask for the freedoms and material require the Commissioner on Aging to as- pledge of allegiance to the flag were very benefits it has given us. 3454 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 WHAT KIND OF STIMULUS? global recovery and, at the same time the key llkly to emerge is apt to be weighted in to increasing productivity, employment and favor of consumption rather than invest­ real income in the future. ment, and in favor of spending rather than HON. MARJORIE S. HOLT BIG SPENDING MEANS TROUBLE producing. OF MARYLAND Increased federal spending could provide IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES only a temporary stimulus at best, since the financing of that spending must eventually IN COMMEMORATION OF THE 59TH Wednesday, February 2, 1977 preempt private claims to real resources. Not ANNIVERSARY OF THE INDEPEND­ Mrs. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, since it only will expanded federal borrowing make ENCE OF THE UKRAINE more difficult the immediate task of assem­ seems that the economy is in store for bling investment in the private sector, but it additional stimulus, the important ques­ also ultimately wlll require higher taxes to tion becomes, what kind of stimulus? The service the added national debt. Moreover, HON. JACK F. KEMP alternatives that are being considered­ new government spending programs are slow OF NEW YORK a permanent tax rate reduction, a tax to start and virtually impossible to reduce or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES elim1nates after they have outlived their rebate, an increase in Federal spending, Wednesday, February 2, 1977 and a rapid increase in the money sup­ countercyclical rationale. ply-do not have the same stimulus Because infiation has pushed more and Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, as America more families into higher tax brackets in enters her third century of independence, effect on the economy. recent years, the progressive marginal tax Some of the policy alternatives being structure affects incomes well below the top I would like to bring to the attention of discussed would stimulate spending, def­ 5%. In the early 1960s, only about 3% of all my colleagues the fact that there are icits, and inflation. Others would stim:t­ tax returns were subject to marginal tax other nations around the world who have late work, investment, and real output. It rates of over 30%. Today, nearly a third of fought for their own freedoms, but were is obvious that in our stimulus policy we all tax returns are in these higher brackets. not as successful as we. must avoid the former and attain the DISINCENTIVE TO WORK Last Saturday, millions of Americans latter. Evidence from the earlier period suggested celebrated the 59th anniversary of the The January 1977 "World Report" of that high marginal tax rates already reduced declaration of independence of the the First National Bank of Chicago ex­ the supply of labor of housewives and teen­ Ukraine. But the celebration of liberty plains the effect of the different policy agers-now about 45% of the labor force. within that country was short-lived, as alternatives on the economy. This infor­ But effort is not easily measured. The dis­ incentive to work can take many forms--a by 1922 the Ukraine had been annexed mative report is of great relevance to preference for shorter hours, early retirement, by the Soviet Union. Subsequent forced the budget process that is now under­ and less time devoted to improving skills. collectivization of the agricultural com­ way. The report follows: Lower marginal tax rates would not only munity in the Ukraine resulted directly WHAT Knrn OF STIMULUS? provide incentives that encourage additional in the starvation of approximately 4 mil­ Certain tax cuts would indeed stimulate work effort, but to the extent that these tax lion Ukrainians; and along with physical long-run real growth if they were explicitly reductions also reduce the cost of labor to torment came the psychological and po­ designed for that purpose. But two different employers, they would encourage additional litical persecution that was designed to types of tax reductions which might seem to employment. erase the rich heritage of Ukrainian cul­ yield the same loss of revenues (at least on MORE INCOME, LESS DEFICIT ture and language. paper) could nonetheless cause radically dif­ If lower marginal tax rates increase the ferent effects on long-run real growth. A tax long-run supply of jobs, they may generate Despite Soviet terrorism and genocide, cut should be targeted toward providing per­ more taxable income, more tax revenues, the Ukrainian people have retained their manent incentives for workers to work, for and lower deficits than would be implied by sense of national heritage, and still strive employers to employ and for investors to static arithmetic. The apparent reduction of for freedom. With a population now of invest. tax revenues caused by a rate cut would also almost 50 million people, the Ukraine is In the case of individual income taxes, the be limited by the diminished incentive to the largest captive nation in Europe, and most serious drag on additional labor effort escape taxation. is probably the steep tax rates on added in­ the second largest State in the Soviet Real savings are needed to channel re­ Union. come among average and high income fami­ sources from immediate consumption into lies. The top five percent of all families-­ augmenting our productive capacity. Yet Despite the Helsinki agreements to those earning over $32,000 a year in 1974-­ earnings from savings are heavily taxed, thus which the Soviet Union was a signatory, have, on the average, about two and a half shrinking the major noninflationary source human rights and freedom of movement family members working. With joint returns, of investment capital. have not been pursued in the Ukraine. income from secondary workers (housewives While there may have been a case for a and older children) is taxed at very high Persecution for ideological reasons has brief acceleration of the money supply to tightened, and such esteemed persons as rates-up to 50%. counteract the monetary stringency of late The capital gains tax and corporate income 1974, a sustained period of rapid money the Ukrainian historian Valentyn Moroz tax also depress capital investment. The com­ growth would fuel an accelerating inflation languished in prison for daring to criti­ bined effect of such taxes is to make it nec­ (partly by depressing the dollar on foreign ex­ cize the oppressive Communist regime in essary for additional investments to earn a change markets) tha-t would soon push in­ power in his native land. very high pre-tax return in order to provide terest rates up-not down. sufficient after-tax income to induce the re­ We in America are truly blessed with quired investments. A permanent reduction Since houses and factories are not bought the God-given gift of freedom, and it is in tax rates on capital would make expansion with three-month loans, the nation needs a thus our solemn duty to defend this most of the economy's productive capacity more policy of lowering long-term interest rates. precious of riches against such deliberate attractive to investors, and would promote But long-term interest rates are dominated by expectations of lnfiation, and rapid ex­ and wanton oppression as is felt today the increased supply of products to keep in the Ukraine. I am therefore introduc­ ahead of demand at stable prices. pansion of the money supply would inspire The precise form of a tax cut matters fears of more inflation ahead. It is therefore ing legislation first, to appeal to the So­ much. A temporary stimulus cannot produce important that any temporary increase in viet Union to adhere to the Helsinki ac­ more than a temporary improvement, and the deficit resulting from tax cuts should not cords in dealing with human rights in even that would be trading a short-term be financed by printing money. the Ukraine, and second, to urge the benefit for a long-term headache. A tax re­ Finally, the specific problems of the older Ukrainian government to allow Valentyn bate, for example, is simply a one-shot trans­ cities, with their pockets of high unemploy­ ment, require equally specific remedies. Moroz to be released from prison to ac­ fer payment, unrelated to future productive cept the offer of Harvard University to effort or an assurance of continued income. Policies that affect the overall economy are It is rightly viewed as a windfall, and there­ too broad to deal effectively with specific come to the United States and be a visit­ fore of little effect on long-term consumer structural problems. ing lecturer in Ukrainian affairs. expenditure. Any policy that is simply geared to pro­ In this time of international change, More important, a temporary stimulus can moting spending, without providing a tax when new leaders are assessing the rela­ have little, if any, effect on business invest­ and regulatory climate that encourages addi­ tive influence and power of the three ment decisions. Such decisions require con­ tions to real output and income, will simply superpowers, the United States must fidence in future market demand to validate end in infiation. Demand does not create its large scale commitments to expand and mod­ own supply. stand up and be counted against tyranny, ernize plant capacity. Yet it is such plant Unfortunately, what makes sense in eco­ oppression, and inhumanity-in strong and equipment spending that has become nomics rarely makes sense in politics. So 1t support of the twin pursuits of personal identified as both the weakest link in the the past is prologue, the sore of stimulus dignity and individual liberty. February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3455 VETERANS' LEGISLATION to his country will be able to take care THE FUTURE OF EGYPTIAN AID of himself and his family. HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN Mr. Speaker, the passage of these bills would alleviate some of the diffi.culties HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND OF FLORIDA now facing our veterans. I, therefore, OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES urge my colleagues to give this legisla­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, February 2, 1977 tion speedy consideration and approval. Wednesday, February 2, 1977 Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, on Janu­ Mr. RICHMOND, Mr. Speaker, earlier ary 4, I introduced two bills which would this month, Egypt experienced its worst assist a group to whom we owe much, but civil disorder in 25 years. Over 70 people whom we too often neglect, namely, our ROSEDALE BLUE PREDICTS were killed, 700 injured, and close to veterans. At a time when the United WINTER WILL CONTINUE 1,000 people were arrested and jailed. States is not actively engaged in hos­ The causes of this unrest were not dealt tilities, it is very easy to allow the prob­ with. The disorders are likely to erupt lems of the veteran to slip by unnoticed HON. JOHN T. MYERS again at any time. This unrest threatens and unsolved. not only the political and economic sta­ The first of the two bills, H.R. 476, OF INDIANA bility of Egypt, but of the Middle East would amend title 38 of the United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and thus the world. States Code to eliminate the time period Wednesday, February 2, 1977 The catalyst for the civil disorders was in which a veteran must use his educa­ the government-sponsored increase in Mr. MYERS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, the price of food and other necessary tional benefits, and extend the months having just checked with offi.cials in In­ of eligibility from 36 to 45 months-or diana, I can report that reliable Old Blue, commodities. This provoked widespread the equivalent thereof in part-time edu­ the Rosedale, Ind., groundhog did in fact rioting and looting. Faced with $12 bil­ cational assistance. see his shadow early this morning, darted lion in unpaid foreign debts, Egypt could Under the current law, a veteran may back into his burrow, thus setting the no longer borrow sufficient income to not use his educational benefits after stage for 6 more weeks of winter. In view purchase its gr<>'Ving imports of food and more than 10 years after his last dis­ of the disastrous winter Indiana. and fuel. The price rises were an attempt to charge or release from active duty. My much of the rest of the Nation has suf­ generate some of the needed income. bill would permit veterans to use their fered to date, I know this news does not Egypt finds itself in a cruel dilemma. educational benefits at any time. This exactly thrill you. The price increases were required by its provision is particularly timely when Those of us who have lived in and international debtors. The price rise there are so many veterans of the Viet­ around Rosedale in Parke County, Ind., caused the food riots. The riots caused nam era who were not able to take ad­ have always had complete faith in the the government to withdraw the pro­ vantage of the educational benefits be­ weather forecasting expertise of Old posed price increases. This retrenching cause of family responsibilities or the Blue whose record of accuracy deserves action raises a doubt in Egypt's creditors: fear of hostile feelings from other mem­ a place in the "Guinness Book of Rec­ should they provide additional assist­ bers of the student body. We must not ords." To be sure we have never had the ance? For, without additional funds to forget those turbulent days of the six­ publicity that has been showered on purchase needed imports of fuel and food, ties when many veterans would have felt Punxsutawney. We chose to keep Old Egypt faces the probability of even more unwelcome to our Nation's college Blue's professional touch to ourselves, widespread riots and economic chaos. campuses. at least until now, for fear that it might Writing in the Christian Science Mon­ Veterans' educational benefits are one provide some advantage to the non­ itor of January 21, 1977, John Cooley way in which we can show our gratitude Hoosier. But, alas, the secret is out ahd noted from Cairo: to those who gave up part of their youth I wish to share with you the story of Old Though the population of 41 million grows in order to serve their country. Let us Blue as told in the Indianapolis Star by by 1 million a year, less food is grown on the not be stingy in giving our thanks to Ben Cole, native of western Indiana, narrow strip of green land around the Nile, these men and women by placing an ar­ which is growing increasingly salty due to the chief of the Star's Washington bureau, effects of the Aswan High Dam." bitrary date on this otherwise excellent and professional groundhog watcher: program. Thus, as the number of people to feed ROSEDALE BLUE PREDICTS WINTER grows, the domestic food supply end ability The second bill, H.R. 474, is directed at WILL CONTINUE to produce it shrinks, making it necessary our older veterans, but will eventually to borrow more and more (the debt burden benefit all veterans. This legislation (By Ben Cole) now exceeds $12 billion) to buy imported would amend title 38 of the U.S. Code to WASHINGTON.-Next Wednesday is Ground­ food, fuel, and other necessities." make certain that recipients of veterans' hog Day, the best of all our national cele­ brations. You needn't send out Groundhog This cycle cannot, of course, continue pensions and compensation will not have Day greetings, there's no shopping for forever. In fact, it probably cannot con­ the amount of such pension or compen­ Groundhog Day gifts. Just let the Groundhog tinue for even a very short period of sation reduced because of cost-of-living do the work. time. Less than a month ago, the Wash­ increases in monthly social security And again, it is hoped that Old Blue (or his ington Post reported that the Great benefits. descendant) in his lair near Rosedale in Western Desert in Egypt was moving We all know that the first victims of Parke County, Ind., will perceive that winter toward the Nile River farmland at a inflation are those on fixed incomes. Most is over and will avoid seeing his shadow. fantastic rate of speed, devouring 8 miles of these persons are elderly and, for the Word from Rosedale is that the weather a year and threatening to destroy the most part, pay their rent, buy food and this year has been so cold that Old Blue great bulk of Egypt's food-producing ca­ medicine and other necessities out of might not even leave his burrow at all and pacity in less than 20 years. their pensions, social security benefits, might just go right on snoozing away until Egypt, however, has not always been and life savings. Social security benefits St. Patrick's Day, another of the better holi­ a chronic food importing nation. About are structured to offset unavoidable in­ days on the calendar. 2,000 years ago Egypt and North Africa creases in the cost-of-living. It is most You can bet on it: Up in Punxsutawney, supplied the Roman Empire with most of unfair to reduce the pension of the vet­ Pa., they will be advertising their ground­ its grain. It was why Caesar met Cleo­ eran, who legally is entitled to both the hog as the one, the only, the sole harbinger patra--she held the key to the granaries veteran's pension and social security of what is to come weatherwise. But don't of the world at the time. \Vithout a benefits, because of inflationary pres­ believe it. friendly sovereign in Alexandria, the Ro­ sures. It's all right if folks in Punxsutawney, man Army would have collapsed-and As prices continue to climb, it is ap­ Pa., want to believe in their local rodent; the Empire soon after. Like many devel­ propriate and necessary that Congress but the last word on whether we're to have oping countries, Egypt's glory was in her enact measures which will insure that six more weeks of winter will eventually past. The key to the long decline is often the veteran who gave so much of himself come from that old pasture at Rosedale. found in the population figures. 3456 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 In her glory, Egypt supplied Rome with lot of the average Egyptian today .and com­ They were part-time investigators of the 13 million bushels of wheat every year. pare it with the average Egyptian lot of 150 (Kennedy) assassination thus leaving them­ The grain· supplied by the Nile valley years ago, I think you might seriously ques­ selves open to charges that they were serving tion whether the effort has been worthwhile. as "front men." farms brought yields equal to those of Perhaps we might just as well haw spent the today. money in building a big pyramid, bigger than To prevent this devastating criticism Yet, today, Egypt is hungry and in anything built before. In so doing, we might from being used to undermine the efforts desperate economic condition. Why is have forced the population of the Nile Basin of the select committee, Mr. Speaker, it this? to come to grips earlier with the realities of is clear that the requirements that only Mr. Speaker, it stems from Egypt's its environment. two members need to be present to hear rapidly growing population. This is her Instead of holding up the illusory hope testimony needs to be strengthened. real problem--overpopulation. that the carrying capacity of the environ­ It is absolutely essential that these in­ ment can be increased indefinitely to accom­ At the beginning of the 19th century, modate an expanding population, Egypt vesigations be carried out by the House, Egypt's population was estimated to be should face its population problem. not by Philadelphia lawyers in the em­ about 2.5 million people. Fifty years lat­ ploy of the House. er, it had doubled to 5 million. The first Mr. Speaker, if Egypt explodes into I therefore support the requirement modern census in 1897 gave a figure of chaos, we must consider what will hap­ that at least one-half the members of 9.75 million people. By 1950, the popula­ pen to her neighbors-where terrorism the select committee or the subcommit­ tion had reached 19 million. Every 50 and government by assassination are still tees must be present to take testimony. years, Egypt's population doubled. fighting against the bonds of 20th cen­ But, in 1960, Egypt's population tury governments. reached 26 million and by 1976 had We must think of the Suez Canal and reached 38 million, doubling the 1950 the future of Europe. TAXES MUST BE EQUALIZED FOR population in less than 26 years. We must think of the oldest democ­ SINGLES AND WORKING MARRIED Growing numbers of people have racy in that part of the world-Israel­ COUPLES placed greater and greater stress upon and all that they have fought for. the food producing system of Egypt. We must think of the mischief nations HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO Land is overgrazed and !arm crop land outside of the area could foment when is abused. Widespread irrigation leads to chaos reigns. OF ll..LINOIS widespread salinity in the soil. The soil We must think of the petroleum sup­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thus loses its fertility and is simply un­ plies in the area and what their inter­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 ruption means for a global economic able to support its present population, Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, I rise to say nothing of future, guaranteed stability. It is frightening that, in this day and in support of H.R. 2451, which would larger populations. extend to all unmarried individuals the However. according to the Scientific age, man continually looks to explana­ tions of his problems which make the full tax benefits of income splitting now Director of the International Biological enjoyed by married individuals filing Programme, overpopulation is not new to minimal of sense. Simply stated, more Egypt: borrowing by Egypt, and more indebted­ joint returns and would also remove the ness will not miraculously produce pros­ rate inequities which occur when mar­ In the ancient past and until the present ried persons are both employed. century, control of the Nile was the concern perity. of only one country, Egypt, whose population We must face the hard fact that a na­ Under the present law four sets of tax has always been almost completely dependent tion with limited resources cannot endure rates apply: First, one to married indi­ on the river. We are accustomed to think of a population which doubles every 30 viduals filing joint returns and surviving overpopulation as a modern problem, but years. If Egypt will tackle her poulation spouses; second, one to single persons Egypt, which has been from time immemo­ who qualify as heads of households; rial one of the richest and at the same time problem in earnest, perhaps then the assistance we render will be worth it. third, one to single individuals-who do one of the smallest countries-the area in­ not qualify as heads of households or sur­ habited even today is only the size of a large But if she will not, then we might as well viving spouses, for tax purposes; and English county-has been through it before. help build them bigger and bigger pyra­ Indeed, the history of ancient Egypt shows mids. fourth, one to married individuals filing cycles of prosperity followed by disaster, and separate returns and for estates and there is not much doubt that they were ac­ trusts. All four sets of rates range from companied by and caused by, big increases in COMMENTS ON SELECT COMMITI'EE 14 to 70 percent. However, they vary in population. ON ASSASSINATIONS the steepness, or graduation, at which Though overpopulation in Egypt is not they rise for increasing levels of taxable new, the dimensions of the impending income. tr~gedy are. We are no longer dealing HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN The schedule of rates applicable to with a few million people. We are deal­ OF ll..LINOIS married couples filing joint returns and ing with the 40 million people of Egypt IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES surviving spouses is the least progressive. the 130 million people of the Middle East The schedule applicable to single persons and, ultimately, in the nuclear age the Wednesday, February 2, 1977 provides a tax that may be as much as 20 4.2 billion people on this planet. ' Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, taken to­ percent in excess of that paid on a joint The Egyptian Government hopes to gether the report of the Rules Committee return with the same amount of taxable solve its economic and food problems by is a fair and decent approach to estab­ income. The head of household rate borrowing billions more in assistance lishing the Select Committee on Assas­ schedule is halfway between the sched­ funds from its Arab and Western friends. sinations. ule applicable to joint returns and the This will not deal with Egypt's funda­ Removal of authority to dabble wiTh. schedule applicable to single persons. The mental problem. The environmental car­ wire taps, bugs, lie detectors and stress rate schedule for married couples filing rying capacity of Egypt has long since analyzers is certainly necessary to a fair separate returns and for estates and been exceeded. She is overpopulated. and just investigation. trusts is the most progressive. Development efforts as proposed will do There is, however, another area equal­ The present difference in the tax treat­ n_othing t_o help alleviate her plight. They ly important to the credibility of these­ ment of single persons and married cou­ s1mply Wlll prolong the agony and insure lect committee's work that has not been ples may be traced back to 1948 when that more millions of people ·will be dealt with in the Rules Committee's re­ Congress enacted the so-called split in­ starving and gripped by mi<;ery in the port, namely the matter of what consti­ come provision. This provision was de­ future. tutes a quorum for the select committee signed to eliminate objectionable dif­ Raymond Dassmann of the Interna­ and its subcommittees. ferences between the tax treatment of tional Uni-on for Conservation in Swit­ The Warren commission has been fre­ married couples living in community zerland spoke about Egypt and her de­ quently and fairly criticized because property and noncommunity property velopment programs nearly 5 years ago. more than half the members never heard States. The courts had upheld the right His words are still true today: more than half the witnesses. One War­ of married couples living in community We have had about 150 years of develop­ ren commission member heard only 6 property States to divide their income be­ ment aimed at improving the productivity of of the 94 witnesses. Fairly, then, it has tween the two spouses for purposes of the Nile. However, if you take the average been written- computing Federal income tax. Thus, February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3457 they could take advantage of the lower Congress should act now to eliminate ticians who sought the same jDb, recogniz­ marginal rates applicable to each of their the discrimination against single people ing better than all of the others the distrust incomes. Married couples in noncommu­ and dis1llusionment with government which and working married couples and I urge he made a central issue of his campaign, and nity property States had to pay taxes on the support of my colleagues for this emphasizing everywhere he went that it was the basis of their total income. The Reve­ proposal. time for healing and the restoration of faith nue Act of 1948 permitted all married in the simple virtues, the old values and the couples to take advantage of income basic goodness of the American peopl-e. splitting. SOME IMPRESSIONS FROM THE It was a bittersweet day for President Ford The irony is that in an effort to end INAUGURATION and his family. He had to b ~t e his lip to hold one tax discrimination, Congress created back the tears as President Carter thanked him for all he had dane to he!l.l America. He another-discrimination between the also had to fight his emotions on his last married and unmarri.ed in all States. HON. LEE H. HAMILTON OF INDIANA visits to the Oval Office in the White House In 1951 Congress attempted to right and to Capitol H111 where he had spent this wrong by adding the head-of-house­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES twenty-eight years of his life, and during the hold provision to the Internal Revenue Wednesday, February 2, 1977 brief farewell ceremonies as he departed from Code. This provision gave half the bene­ Andrews Air For.::e J3ase for California. He fits of income splitting to taxpayers who Mr. HAMll..TON. Mr. Speaker, I would must also have known that the American supported their parents or other depend­ like to insert my Washington Report for people appreciated what he had achieved February 2, 1977, into the CoNGRES­ during the two and a half years of his ent relatives who lived with them. In SIONAL RECORD: Presidency. 1954 Congress enacted legislation which The wall{. by the Carter family down Penn­ permitted widows and widowers with de­ SOME IMPRESSIONS FROM THE INAUGURATION sylvania Avenue was clearly the highlight of pendent children to have the full bene­ Numerous impressions from the inaugural the day. You could just feel the pleasure of fits of income splitting for 2 years af­ ceremonies remain vivid . . . the sea of faces, the crowd at seeing a President walk among estimated by crowd experts at 150,000, the people and all the world seemed to stop ter the death of the spouse. stretching from the east steps of the Capitol The Tax Reform Act of 1969 continued when the Carters buttoned up Amy's coat. across Capitol Hill to the steps of the Library Everywhere people talked about the walk. legislative efforts toward increasing eq­ of Congress and the Supreme Court . . . It was a symbol of the new spirit, a feeling uity for the unmarried by providing new the proud high school bands strutting along that there was nothing to fear, and that a rate schedules for single persons and Pennsylvania Avenue for the parade ... troubled period in the Nation's history had heads of households which narrowed the the delight of the crowd of 350,000 as the been closed. gap between the tax liabilities on the Carter family walked the entire route of the But easily the most memorable recollec­ parade ... the optimism and good spirits same amount of taxable income for these tion of the day for me will be the feeling of of the people attending the inaugural func­ reccnciliation and the extraordinary good single persons as compared to married tions . . . the striking rendition of the "Bat­ couples filing joint returns. However, a humor of the people on Inauguration Day tle Hymn of the Republic" by the Atlanta 1977. gap still remains. In addition, the 1969 University Center Chorus ... the particular act introduced a new inequity. jubilance of the Georgians celebrating the The new tax rate schedules included in inauguration of a native son ... the elabo­ rate plans ot the Army to destroy the snow CONGRESSIONAL PAY RAISE this act require working married couples with shovels, trucks, wedges and even flame­ at most income levels to pa:v a higher tax throwers . . . the peddlers with their Jimmy rate than two single people with com­ Carter T-shirts, buttons, banners, caps, and HON. LARRY PRESSLER parable incomes who are living together. peanut key chains and necklaces . . . the OF SOUTH DAKOTA This situation prevails whether the mar­ crush of people at the inaugural ball at the ried individuals file jointly or separately. Mayflower Hotel trying to catch a glimpse of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This so-called "marriage penalty" was President and Mrs. Carter dancing for a few Wednesday, February 2, 1977 seconds. noted by the tax writing committees at I kept thinking during the inaugural cere­ Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, I am the time, but it was justified on the mony what a marvelous thing it is that power very much opposed to the current pay grounds that a couple's living expenses can pass peacefully from an old to a new raise for Members of Congress going for­ are likely to be less than those of two President in this country with such a simple ward without a vote. I have a lawsuit single persons. I do not think Congress and dignified ceremony. For the first time in sixteen years a new President took office which has wended its way to the Su­ intended to reward "living together," but preme Court over the past 15 months. this has been the inadvertent fallout without the pain of rejection, resignation or assassination. It argues that the Constitution requires from these separate rate schedules. The brief inaugural address by the first a vote insofar as the salaries of Mem­ These efforts by Congress to remedy President from the deep south in more than bers of Congress are concerned. I believe the basic inequities of the different tax a century was not a political program or the American people want Members of rate schedules not only fell short of ac­ even a rallying cry, but a sermon, a call to Congress to be well paid, but the current the American spirit, an appeal for decency complishing that goal but also contrib­ scheme of automatic raises-and there uted great complexity in the application and unity. President Carter spoke of his own mistakes, preached of the limitations of the are two automatic raises being proposed of these schedules. Very complicated defi­ Presidency rather than its powers and re­ for this year, the next being in October­ nitions and very restrictive rules accom­ jected offering a new dream, but urged fresh are unconstitutional as well as unwise pany the categories of head-of-house­ faith in the old dream. public policy. hold and surviving spouse. I liked what I heard in his address about The importance of Congress voting on The proposal I am supporting will not fighting wars against poverty and injustice, its pay is further illustrated by the fact only eliminate the discrimination among being aware of the limits of our own re­ sources11 being strong but peaceful, strength­ that Congress has had a rollcall vote on individuals because of marital status in ening the family, restoring respect for law every increase or decrease in its pay un­ the tax rate schedules, but it will con­ and government, and seeking arms control. til the increase of December 16, 1967. tribute greatly toward simplification of The theme of his address was that the That was shortly after Public Law 90- our tax laws. Under this proposal all in­ future of the nation lies in the principles of 204. or the first automatic pay raise law, dividuals would be permitted to use the the past. One senses that his religion is at came into effect. I believe that this long same tax rate schedule. This schedule is the center of his life. He wears it naturally. tradition of Congress voting on its pay the one presently available only to mar­ One wonders, however, how these noble prin­ should be continued and I urge that the ried persons who file joint returns and ciples he annunciated in the address will be applied to specific problems that await him. Speaker bring to the floor on the sus­ surviving spouses. Estates and trusts I suppose it was not among the more elo­ pension calendar this matter for a vote. would continue to use the same tax rate quent inaugural addresses, but there were a As a Member of Congress, I believe I have schedule they use under present law. few phrases that we may remember: "a fresh a constitutional duty to vote on my pay­ The tax filing status of "surviving faith in the old dream", "if we despise our at least James Madison emphasized at spouse" and "head-of-household" would own government we have no future", and, the Constitutional Convention that there be eliminated. Married individuals would "a new spirit am~ng us all." would always be a rollcall vote on con­ be permitted the option of either filing During the inaugural ceremony, I also thought about President Carter's path to the gressional pay so that Members would jointly or separately. In the case of sepa­ Presidency. Fer two years prior to Jnaugura­ be individually responsible. rate returns, income received for services tion Day he had crisscrossed the country Mr. Speaker, I wish to insert into the performed would be taxable to the spouse speaking of competent government, out­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD at this point a who performed the service. maneuvering an army of Washington poli- record of the history of congressional 3458 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 pay raises. and pay decreases. Up until tiating a comprehensive nuclear test ban STARK, Hon. ABNER J. MIKVA, Hon. 1967, there was a rollcall vote on each and nuclear disarmament, Congressmen STEPHEN J. SOLARZ, Hon. WILLIAM LEH­ change. I submit the following: BINGHAM, FISH, LONG, SEIBERLING, JEF­ MAN, Hon. ANTHONY TOBY MOFFETT, Hon. APPENDIX: TABLE OF STATUTES ALTERING FORDS, REUSS, UDALL, and ZABLOCKI CHRISTOPHER J. DoDD, Hon. EDWARD I. CONGRESSIONAL SALARY worked with me on crafting and getting KOCH, Hon. JOHN E. Moss, Hon. GEORGE STATUTE, DATE, AND SUBSTANCE support for this resolution. MILLER, Hon. JOHN KREBS, Hon. JAMES 1 Stat. 70-71: September 22, 1789: $6 per Nuclear weapons proliferation and the H. SCHEUER, Hon. PATRICIA SCHROEDER. diem during attendance prtor to March 4, potential growth of the "nuclear club" Text of the letters follows: 1795. $7 per diem after March 4, 1795 for are, I believe, the most important prob­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Senators during special sessions; for Repre­ lems confronting the human race at the Washington, D.O., February 1, 1977. sentatives, $6 per diem during_attendance. present time. President Carter's an­ Hon. JAMES EARL CARTER, Jr., 1 Stat. 448: March 10, 1796: Previous Act nounced intentions "to proceed quicklY President, The White House, Washington, repealed; $6 a day for both during at­ and aggressively with a comprehensive D.O. tendance. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: We urge you to use 3 Stat. 257: March 19, 1816 and 3 Stat. 345: test ban treaty eliminating the testing your statutory authority to remove for cause February 6, 1817: $1,500 annually; repealed of all nuclear devices," to seek "a fairly Commissioner Paul Rand Dixon of the Fed­ by Act of February 6, 18l7, 3 Stat. 345. rapid ratification of the SALT II agree­ eral Trade Commission. 3 Stat. 404: January 22, 1818: $8 a day dur­ ment," and "to move very quickly toward Mr. Dixon's widely-reported comments di­ ing attendance after March 3, 1817. an agreement with the Soviet Union for rected at Mr. Ralph Nader display the basest 11 Stat. 48: August 16, 1856: $3,000 an­ major reductions in atomic weapons" de­ form of prejudice. They offend not only nually. serve the support of the entire Congress Americans of Arab descent but all citizens 11 Stat. 367: December 23, 1857: $250 who expect the highest level of decency and monthly. and of all the American people. integrity from their public officials. 14 Stat. 323: July 28, 1866: $5,000 annually. It is my hope that this huge show of Mr. Dixon's refusal to apologize further 17 Stat. 486: March 3, 1873: $7,500 annually. congressional support for the President's evidences his poor taste and judgment. 18 Stat. 4: January 20, 1874: Previous Act declared objectives will strengthen his But even his apology cannot dispel the repealed and $5,000 annually restored. hand in proceeding to negotiate on these cloud which has been cast over his inde­ 34 Stat. 993: February 26, 1907: $7,500 an­ most vital of subjects. pendence and discretion in the many pro­ nually. ceedings before his agency in which Mr. 43 Stat. 1301: March 4, 1925: $10,000 an- Nader participates. nually. ' Little can be done to cure the numerous 47 Stat. 401: June 30, 1932: Decreased from decisions made by the Federal Trade Com­ $10,000 to $9,000 by Economy Act of 1932 DIXON'S RACIAL SLURS MUST NOT mission since the 1960's which may have (10% reduction), effective July 1, 1932. BE TOLERATED been colored by Mr. Dixon's bias. But his 48 Stat. 14: March 20, 1933: Decreased from removal can at least assure that future de­ $9,000 to $8,500 by Economy Act of 1933 (15% cisions will not suffer from the same dis­ reduction), effective April 1, 1933. HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL ablllty. 48 Stat. 521: March 28, 1934: Increased OF NEW YORK His removal would also preserve our cit­ from $8,500 to $9,000; partial restoration, ef­ izens' trust in the decency and fairness of fective February 1, 1934. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our government officials without which our 48 Stat. 521: March 28, 1934: Increased Wednesday, February 2, 1977 system cannot function. from $9,000 to $9,500; partial restoration, ef­ A similar letter is being sent to Mr. Dixon fective July 1, 1934. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, in a to urge him to resign. Only Mr. Dixon's re­ 49 Stat. 24: February 13, 1935: Increased recent speech before a trade association, moval or resignation, we feel, can correct the from $9,500 to $10,000; flna.l restoration effec­ a member of the Federal Trade Com­ injustice to Mr. Nader and others of similar tive April 1, 1935. mission called consumer advocate Ralph heritage, and clear the black mark on the 59 Stat. 318: July 3, 1945: $2,500 annual Nader "a dirty Arab" and "a son of a Federal Trade Commission. expense allowance (tax free) , retroactive to Sincerely, January 3, 1945. bitch," according to published reports. 60 Stat. 850: August 2, 1946: $10,000to $12,- Commissioner Paul Rand Dixon does HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 500 annually, effective January 3, 1947. not deny making the statements, reports Washington, D.O., February 1,1977. 69 Stat. 11: March 2, 1955: $12,500 to $22,- today's Washington Post, which quoted Hon. PAUL RAND DIXON, 500 annually, effective March 1, 1955 ($2,500 him as saying he has no intention to Commissioner, Federal Trade Commission, annual expense allowance repealed) . apologize to Nader. Washington, D.O. 78 Stat. 415: August 14, 1964: $22,500 to His refusal to apologize is further evi­ DEAR MR. DIXoN: Once again our nation $30,000 annually, effective January 3, 1965. dence of Mr. Dixon's poor taste and has witnessed the spectacle of a high gov­ 81 Stat. 614: December 16, 1967: $30,000 to ernment official giving vent to vicious racial $42,500 annually; Salary Commission, estab­ judgment. But even an apology cannot slurs. lished by Public Law 90-206, recommended dispel the cloud which has been .cast Your comments directed at Mr. Ralph a salary to the President who, under author­ over his independence and discretion in Nader display the basest form of prejudice. ity of the Act, recommended $42,500 in his the many proceedings before his agency They offend not only Americans of Arab 1970 Budget, which, under the law, became in which Mr. Nader participates. descent but all citizens who expect the effective March 1, 1969. Accordingly, 15 of our colleagues have highest level of decency and integrity from 89 Stat. 419: August 9, 1975: $42,500 to their public officials. $44,600 annually; pursuant to Public Law joined me today in calling on President 94-82, President in Exec. Order No. 11883, Carter to remove Mr. Dixon from office Your refusal to apologize further evidences recommended 5% increase in General Sched­ on grounds of malfeasance in office as your poor taste and judgment. ule salaries, Congressional salaries were in­ provided for in Federal statute. We also But even an apology cannot dispel the creased in like percentage by Exec. Order on have written directly to Mr. Dixon asking cloud which has been cast over your inde­ Oct. 6, 1975. him to step down. pendence and discretion in the many pro­ Little can be done to cure the nUmer­ ceedings before your agency in which Mr. ous decisions made by the Federal Trade Nader participates. Commission since the 1960's which may Little can be done to cure the numerous RESOLUTION SUPPORTING PRESI­ decisions made by the Federal Trade Com­ have been colored by Mr. Dixon's bias. mission since the 1960's which may have been DENT CARTER'S NUCLEAR ARMS But his resignation can at least assure STATEMENTS colored by your bias. But your resignation that further decisions will not suffer can at least assure that future decisions will from the same disability. not suffer from the same disab111ty. HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER Mr. Dixon's comments display the Your resignation might also preserve the OF NEW YORK basest form of prejudice and offend not trust in the decency and fairness of our gov- ernment officials without which our system IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES only Americans of Arab descent but all citizens who expect the highest level of cannot function. Wednesday, February 2, 1977 decency and integrity from their public Accordingly, we call upon you to resign Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, 219 officials. your appointment as a Commissioner as the only way to correct the injustice to Mr. Members have now joined in cosponsor­ Members signing the two letters are: Nader and others of similar heritage, and ing a resolution expressing the sense of Hon. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, Hon. JIM clear the black marlt on the Federal Trade the House in support of President Car­ GUY TuCKER, Hon. RICHARD L. OTTINGER, Commission. ter's recent statements regarding nego- Hon. PHILLIP BURTON, Hon. FORTNEY H. Sincerely, February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3459 THE PERVASIVENESS OF FEDERAL the steelmaking process of oil and natural cifically than the regulatory programs en­ REGULATION gas; both of these commodities are regu­ acted at earlier times. The earlier federal lated as to price and supply. antitrust laws, for example, contained only 1974 1975 general statutory prohibitions against anti­ HON. WILLIAMS. MOORHEAD Proposed new agency regu­ competitive behavior. (See Chapter 6.) They did not require a. specific course of action or OF PENNSYLVANIA lations ------156 177 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Proposed a.mendznents to conduct. By contrast, regulations issued by existing regulations _____ 2, 525• 2,865 OSHA contain very specific requirements for Wednesday, February 2, 1977 virtually every piece of equipment used in Subtotal ------2,680 3,042 the production of steel, ranging across such Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. major items as coke ovens all the way down Speaker, some time ago, the Council on Final agency regulations__ 272 309 to such mechanical minutiae as the ladders Wage and Price Stability initiated a Final amendments to exist- used in plants and the mandatory 42-inc:h path-breaking study of the Federal Gov­ ing regulations ______6, 164 6,996 height from the floor of portable fire extin­ ernment's regulations affecting the steel guishers. industry. The Council has now released Subtotal ------6,436 7,305 The tables beginning on page 26 detail the the first volume of its study, which cata­ degree to which EPA regulations dictate tech­ logs and details all Federal regulations Total ------9, 116 10,347 nical details of each of the 29 stages of the steel manufacturing process. The text begin­ and policies affecting manufacturers of Regulations or a.mendznents are respec­ ning at page 54 is illustrative of this same steel. The results of the study are truly tively defined as an addendum or amend­ sort of minutiae on the part of OSHA regula­ astounding. The steel industry's operat­ ment to a. volume of the Code of Federal tions, as is the specificity of the variances ing and investment decisions are circum­ Regulations at the part level. listed on page 62, and the list of the most scribed by more than 5,300 Federal regu­ The specific definitions adopted in the frequently violated OSHA standards begin­ lations initiated by 27 different Federal study are discussed at pp. 4-7. ning at page 67. agencies. It is small wonder that the steel 2. GROWTH OF REGULATIONS 5. CONFLICTS AND LACK OF COORDINATION industry is "having an increasingly diffi­ The most obvious observation is that the Another problem is that often regulations cult time accomplishing its most socially number of regulations and regulatory pro­ promulgated by ditferent agencies conflict. grams has increased substantially over time. This study has not specifically focused upon beneficial objective--that of producing Most of the growth, however, has come in iron and steel." this issue, though several examples are noted. the last six years, during which time Con­ The classic example in the steel industry of Mr. Speaker, I commend to my distin­ gress passed the Federal Water Pollution confiict is between regulatory programs re­ guished colleagues a summary of the Control Act, the Clean Air Act, the Occupa­ garding emissions from coke ovens. EPA, main points of the study identified by tional Safety and Health Act, the Energy which is interested in reducing emissions into the Council on Wage and Price Stability. Supply and Environmental Coordination Act, the ambient air, has favored placing hoods This summary, prepared under date of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act and over coke ovens to gather and treat these January 18, 1977, by the Council makes the Employee Retirement Income Security emissions. On the other hand, OSHA, which Act. In addition, during this period, several is concerned with worker health, opposes it clear that manufacturers of iron and amendments to previously enacted federal steel can hardly make even routine de­ hoods on coke ovens because they would in­ regulatory statutes were also enacted. crease the concentration of coke oven emis­ cisions without taking into account the Figure 11.1 (at p. 214) lists the federal sions breathed by the workers. Here, the directives of some Federal agency. regulatory agencies that affect steel and the application of a. particular technology cre­ The summary follows: dates of their establishment. From the num­ ates the conflict between regulatory pro­ SUMMARY ber of agencies or new regulatory "J>rogra.ms grams. But conflicts between regulatory pro­ 1. VOLUME OF REGULATION created in recent years, the accelerating pace grams can result from other reasons as well. of regulation is obvious. The impact of this For example, FEA's goal of promoting the The regulatory programs of the seventies growth is discussed in subsequent sections. have produced substantially more volumi­ use of coal in hollers may conflict with EPA's nous and extensive regulatory requirements From Figure 11.1, one can also infer basic goal of reducing sulfur oxide emissions from than earlier programs. This is in part the re­ changes in COngressional focus between the point sources, including hollers. Another ex­ sult of greater specificity. For example, each last century and the present. The first laws ample: FEA's goal of promoting energy con­ of OSHA's approximately 4,000 health and enacted to regulate the steel industry (and, servation may conflict with OSHA's regula­ safety standards is a specific rule with which of course, other industries) addressed the tions requiring the workplace to be brightly a steel company must comply. And of the 27 general economic performance of these in­ lit. And, whereas antitrust regulation pro­ agencies noted in this study, more than one dustries. Those were the initial foreign trade motes competition, tar11fs may tend to dimin­ third have come into existence since the be­ and federal antitrust laws. In marked con­ ish it. ginning of 1970. Additionally, of the a.pproxi­ trast, the legislation of the late 1960's and List of number of regulations by chapter 1 mately 5,600 regulations noted in the catalog, 1970's addressed each industry's perform­ Environmental regulation______129 approximately 4,000 are in OSHA (discussed ance in social, health, and environmental Occupational Safety and He:alth Ad- in Chapter 3), over 100 are in Environmen­ areas. The principal examples are the Oc­ ministration ------14, 000 tal (discussed in Chapter 2) and almost 100 cupational Safety and Health Act, the Em­ Discrimination regulation______88 are Pension regulations (discussed in Chap­ ployee Retirement Income Security Act, the Antitrust regulation______71 ter 5) . All of these regulations have only Equal Employment Opportunity Act, and Foreign trade regulation______161 recently come into existence. the Federal Environmental laws. Tax regulation______64 The extent of the current volume of fed­ 3. THE NUMBER OF PROGRAMS Energy regulation______7 eral regulations can be illustrated by the The situation is made more complex by Inaustria.l relations regulation______86 numbers of proposed regulations published the fact that many of these agencies ad­ Miscellaneous regulation______752 by the various federal agencies in the Fed­ minister more than one legislative program. eral Regi ster, the official publication for such The 27 agencies listed in the catalog admin­ Total ------5,808 agency actions. According to the Office of the ister approximately 57 programs. And in Librarian, Federal Register, the numbers of general, the more recently created agencies 1 Not all of these numbers 'are based upon proposed and final regulations that were administer the largest number of programs. the same definition of regulation. published in 1974 and 1975 are shown in the EPA, for example, administers some 26 dif­ 2 OSHA numbers are approximate. accompanying chart. ferent programs, six of which affect the steel The catalog a.ctually understates the num­ manufacturing process. ber of regulations because the study adopts And, some programs are administered by some very strict limiting definitions. more than one agency. Civil rights, for ex­ LET US SUPPORT SOLAR ENERGY The study concentrated on federal regula­ ample, are the concern of EEOC, the Justice tions. Hence, it does not consider zoning or Department and the Office of Federal Con­ land use planning regulations which are in tract Compliance. HON. JOE MOAKLEY . the purview of state and local governments. Of the 57 major regulatory programs men­ OF ~SACF.rUSETTS Additionally, the study defines the iron and tioned in the catalog, over two-thirds have steel industry in terms of the direct manu­ come into existence since 1970; and, some of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES facturing process-"from loading dock . to the earlier programs have been amended and Wednesday, February 2, 1977 loading dock". This excludes considerat10n strengthened since that time. of transportation regulations that directly 4. THE PERVASIVENESS AND SPECIFICITY OF THE Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, as the affect the shipping of ore and coal from the 95th Congress addresses the problem of mines to t he plants. It also excludes regula­ REGULATIONS tions affecting the mining of iron and coal. Regulatory statutes enacted recently have formulating an effective energy policy, it As noted at the beginning of Chapter 9, the tend to create programs that mand·a.te con­ will face many dimcult decisions. Per­ definition does not include the "inputs" to duct in the steel industry much more spe- haps the most difficult will be whether to 3460 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 shift our emphasis from nuclear to solar Devine of Ohio. sentence for federal crimes where firearms power. . . . Davis of South Carolina. are used. Back in the Truman adnurustratlon, Duncan of Oregon. The proposed legislation would probably English of Oklahoma. have more meantng if a provision were added the Paley Commission was set up to look Edgar of Pennsylvania. that the five year mandatory sentence could into the country's future energy needs. Mickey Edwards of Oklahoma. not be reduced by probation or parole. I ap­ It recognized the Sun's potential and Ertel of Pennsylvania. preciate the opportunity to express my views called for "aggressive research in the Founta.f.n of North Carolina. on important legislation in the criminal field of solar energy-an effort in which Fisher of Virginia. field. Your efforts to improve the criminal the United States could make an im­ Fary of Illinois. justice system are to be commended. mense contribution to the welfare of the Flowers of Alabama. DoNALD E. NASH, Gibbons of Florida. Chief of Police. free world." Gephardt of Mlssourl. Most unfortunately, the Paley Com­ Ginn of Georgia. TORRANCE, CALIF., mission's recommendation for "aggres­ Glickman of Kansas. January 24, 1977. sive research" went unheeded. As a re­ Hawkins of California. Hon. GLENN M. ANDERSON, sult, the commission's optimistic predic­ Hann::tford of California. Huckaby of Louisiana. Member of Congress, tion for solar energy to account for 10 Heftel of Hawaii. House Office Building, percent of the national energy consump­ !chord of Missouri. Washington, D.C. DEAR CONGRESSMAN ANDERSON: I am ex­ tion by 1975 is unrealized. Jacobs of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, Congressman FRED RICH­ Joi).es of Tennessee. tremely grateful to see that you are sponsor­ ing H.R. 1559. While I do not personally MOND of New York has recently intro­ Jones of Oklahoma. favor gun control of law-abiding citizens, I duced a legislative package entitled "In­ Ketchum of California. Keys of Kansas. believe it is imperative that there should be centives for the Promotion of Energy strict and severe punishment for those who conserving Technology." Through the Krebs of California. Krueger of Texas. do use a gun in the commission of a crime. development of solar energy, this pack­ LaFalce of New York. I am impressed with your bill because it age would bring us a step closer to energy Leach of Iowa. does require a mandatory sentence of at self-reliance. Lehman of Florida. least five years that cannot run concurrent The Federal Government must take Lent of New York. with other violations. I believe mandatory the lead in realizing the potential of our Levi tas of Georgia. sentences are the only way to get around Long of Louisiana. bleeding heart judges and let the criminal most abundant resource, the Sun, as an element of our society know that it must pay efficient, practical energy resource. Lott of Mississippi. McHugh of New York. for its conduct. I would support any bill Madigan of Illinois. requiring a mandatory sentence, especially Martin of North Carolina. with respect to guns used in criminal Mathis Of Georgia. activity. SUPPORT Bun.DS FOR MANDA­ MazzoU of Kentucky. Very truly yours, TORY SENTENCING Bn.L Meyner of New Jersey. WILLIAM G. WILLETT, Mineta of California. City Prosecutor. Mitchell of New York. HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON Moakley of Massachusetts. MONT~Y COUNTY, SALINAS, CALIF., OF CALIFORNIA Mollohan of West Virginia.. January 20, 1977. Mottl lltf Ohio. Congressman GLENN M. ANDERSON, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Gary Myers of Pennsylvania. 32d District, California, Wednesday, February 2, 1977 Neal of North Carolina. House Office Building, Patterson of California. Washington, D.C. Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. Pattison of New York. DEAR CONGRESSMAN ANDERSON: I am sure Speaker, several weeks ago I rein~~­ Pritchard of Washington. that all of us who are daily involved in the duced legislation to set mandatory IlllDl­ Pursell of Michigan. enforcement of laws and apprehension of mum prison sentences for anyone con­ Quie of Minnesota. criminals appreciate your efforts to assist us victed of using a firearm in the commis­ Rahall of West Virginia. in this very big job. Rangel of New York. I support your proposed legisl,ation, H.R. sion of a Federal crime. Today I am Robinson of Virginia. 1559, creating mandatory penalty for using happy to report that 94 of our co~e~gues Roe of New Jersey. firearms in the commission of crimes. have joined with me in this realistic at­ Roncalio of Wyoming. Very truly yours, tempt to do something about the in­ Rose of North Carolina. WILLIAM A. DAVENPORT, creasing levels of crime in this Nation. Scheuer of New York. Sheriff. I ask unanimous consent to include Simon of Illinois. with my remarks here today the re­ Spence of South Carolina. SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, sponse received from several sheriffs and Staggers of West Virginia. SANTA BARBARA, CALIF., Stratton of New York. January 20, 1977. local prosecutors throughout the State of Studds of Massachusetts. Representative GLENN M. ANDERSON, California. I hope that those Members Treen of Louisiana. 32nd District, California, House Office Build­ who have not yet joined with those listed Trible of Virginia. ing, Washington, D.C. below and cosigned this legislation will Walsh of New York. DEAR CONGRESSMAN ANDERSON: I WOuld like do so. The listing of present cosponsors Charles Wilson of Texas. to comend you for once again introducing and statements of the sheriffs follow: Charles H. Wilson of California. your bill on mandatory penalties for anyone Won Pat of Guam. A LisTING OF THE COSPONSORS OF H.R. 1559 convicted of using a firearm during the com­ Young of Florida. mission of a crime. Anderson of California. Zeferetti of New York. As you know, here in California we now Andrews of North Dakota. have some legislation requiring mandatory Andrews of North Carolina. TORRANCE, CALIF., sentences for certain crimes committed with AuCoin of Oregon. January 24, 1977. a firearm. It's still too early to tell the effects Bonior of Michigan. Congressman GLENN M. ANDERSON, of that leigslation. However, in my conversa­ Breaux of Louisiana. U.S. House of Representatives, tions with my constituents, the overwhelm­ Blanchard of Michigan. Washington, D.C. ing majority stress that laws should be en­ Brown of Ohio. Your proposed bill that would provide for acted to penalize those who use firearms il­ Baucus of Montana. a mandatory five-year penalty for anyone legally rather than introduce unenforceable Burke of Florida. convicted of using a firearm during the com­ legislation that only the law abiding citizens Brown of Michigan. mission of a federal crime would undoubtedly would comply with. Coughlin of Pennsylvania. have an added deterrent effect upon com­ Now that we once again have hope for use Carney of Ohio. mission of federal crimes where handguns of the death penalty, it's time to get tougher Corrada of Puerto Rico. are predominately used, provided that the with those who use firearms in the commis­ Conte of Massachusetts. penalty would be imposed, in addition to sion of crimes. Your bill, as far as federal vio­ Cederberg of Michigan. the sentence received for the crime itself. lations is concerned, certainly adequately Dan Daniel or Virginia. It seems that the trend today 1s for Judges addresses that issue. Hopefully, your blll will Robert Daniel of Virginia. to impose minimum sentences for serious be successful this time around. Duncan of Tennessee. crimes where force is used, and the added Very sincerely, De Lugo of the Virgin Islands. mandatory requirement might at least ensure JOHN W. CARPENTER, Downey or New York. that the criminal offender receives a five year Sherif!. February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3461

COUNTY OP PLUMAS, In Kokchetav, a Baptist is arrested for Constantly harassed, unable to do any work, QUINCY' CALIP ., holding a prayer meeting in his home, while Amalrik finally asked for an exit visa. "I did January 25, 1977. in Klrovograd, a Jehovah's Witness is sen­ not want to emigrate,'' he said. "When a Hon. GLENN M. ANDERSON, tenced to five years in a "corrective labor" man is born in a country and is a writer, he House of Representatives, camp for "religious activities." does not want to leave-not ever." But Amal­ House Office Building, In Kustanai, the art director of a techni­ rik left Russla last June. "The bastards Washington, D.C. cal school is given two years in a labor camp won," he said. DEAR CONGRESSMAN ANDERSON: I am in for listening to and taping foreign radio It often appears to Westerners that only receipt of your letter, dated January 12, 1977, broadcasts. a handful of Soviet intellectuals and scien­ to former Sheriff W. C. Abernethy, Jr. Since In Derbent, the mother of an eight-year­ tists are involved in dissent. This is because Sheriff Abernethy left office in July of 1976, old girl asks to emigrate. Suddenly she is average citizens are punished quietly. Often, I would like to take this opportunity to ex­ indicted for "speculating" in household uten­ they are not able to leave their hometowns, press my views on your proposed H.R. 1559. sils (worth about $78), threatened with loss are afraid to use the malls, and are prevented As we have seen by past and present ex­ of her child unless she signs an interroga­ from contacting foreign embassies. Their periments at various forzns of gun control tion record that she cannot read, and sent cries are seldom heard.* They are from the in this county, these programs have been to a labor camp for 18 months. man in Tbllisi who was told by KGB officers completely unsuccessful and have done noth­ In Moscow, an artist is locked out of his to stop seeing an old friend because "his days ing more than harass the law abiding citi­ studio, and his sculptures are smashed, be­ are numbered"; the Baptist girl in Shchu­ zens. cause he asked to tour Western art museums. chinsk who was seized and searched by police Under the present laws there is too much These are not isola ted examples. They are on her way home from a religious service; discretion allowed in the sentencing of of­ the enduring reality of Soviet life-a reality the assembly-llne worker whose inadvertent fenders. The mandatory penalty, that you unchanged in the 17 months after Helsinki. anti-regime remark consigned him to one of propose, for the use of a firearm in the com­ Indeed, just two weeks after the Helsinki the more than 1,000 Russian labor camps, mission of a crime is a much needed piece signing, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev made where perhaps two mil11on people languish. of legislation that would have a definite im­ clear that there would be no change in Krem­ HUMAN CONTACTS pact upon the criminal element where the lin policy. In a conversation with visiting impact belongs. U.S. Congressmen, Brezhnev said that while The Helsinki signatories agreed to aid in­ I wish you every success in the passage of ternational marriages and the reuniting of those parts of the accords dealing with the families; to ease travel restrictions in order this b111 as it is definitely a step in the right "security" of Eastern Europe were "bind­ to promote person-to-person contact as "an direction, and if I can be of any further ing," the human-rights provisions were not important element in strengthening friendly assistance, please do not hesitate to call. "of a binding nature." Thus, the true mean­ relations and trust among peoples." Sincerely, ing of Helsinki has been written not in diplo­ In late August 1975, just weeks after the S. DOUGLAS THOMAS, matic headlines but in the lives of people for Helsinki signing, Uri Podriachik pleaded with Shertff. whom the accords have become one more broken promise. Russian authorities for an exit visa to see his dying mother, actress Dina Roitkop BASIC RIGHTS Podriachlk, who had emigrated to Israel in THE HELSINKI AGREEMENT: The Helsinki signatories agreed to respect 1971. The part of the Helsinki document that RUSSIA'S SHAMEFUL RECORD "human rights and fundamental freedoms deals with exit visas specifies that "cases of including freed9m of thought, conscience: urgent necessity-such as a serious illness or religion or belief." death-will be given priority treatment." But HON. JACK F. KEMP Four months after Helsinki, biologist Ser­ Uri was refused, and on August 28 his mother died tn Israel while he remained helpless in OF NEW YORK gei Kovalev went on trial for "subverting" the Soviet government. His crime: supporting Moscow. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the stand of Soviet physicist Andrei Sakh­ Woodford McClellan, a professor of Rus­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 arov against government infringement of sian and East European history at the Uni­ civil liberties, and circulating accounts of versity of Virginia, married Irina, a Russian Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, it is a year the treatment of dissident countrymen. Ko­ interpreter, while teaching in Moscow in and a half since the United States and valev argued that he was merely seeking to May 1974. The Soviets refused to let her re­ the Soviet Union, together with other further the cause of basic freedoms guaran­ turn to America with him. Falsely assured nations, concluded the Helsinki accord. teed in the Soviet constitution. Replied the that she could leave early in 1975, she quit In that agreement, we made some very prosecutor: "Our state forbids acts which her job and has since been refused work. real political concessions in return for are foreign to its nature." McClellan has not been permitted to visit Sakharov hiznself was refused admittance her. State Department intercession and the certain Russian promises. Those prom­ to Kovalev's trial, but he maintained a vigil Helsinki signing brought no change. Says her ises did not concern specific advantages outside the courtroom in Vilnius, Lithuania. husband, "We cannot see the end of Irina's or gains for the United States, but in­ Even as he waited for news of Kovalev's fate, suffering." More than 200 other cases of ap­ stead were of a humanitarian nature, the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to peals for Russian-American family reunion such as the granting of greater freedom Sakharov in absentia. Soviet authorities remain in similar post-Helsinki limbo. of travel to Soviet citizens themselves. would not allow him to go to Norway to ac­ Soviet citizens still find themselves caught Now there is mounting evidence that the cept it. When Kovalev was finally sentenced in a byzantine web of regulations and to seven years' hard labor and three years' arbitrary reprisals that discourage travel and Russian authorities regard their Helsinki "internal exile," Sakharov comznented: "Af­ human contact. Journeys from even one obligations with even more contempt ter Helsinki, the authorities plainly wanted village to another often require government than the most pessimistic of us had an­ to demonstrate their firmness and their permission. Scientists and intellectuals can­ ticipated. Our only consolation is that power, which permits them to ignore even not attend seminars or institutes in the West we are learning of genuinely heroic hu­ their own laws." unless they are "ideologically sound." When man stories taking place behind the iron They have done so repeatedly in the Gar! Abelev won a prize on October 20, 1975, curtain. It is in that spirit that I recom­ months since. Vyacheslav Igrunov, son of a from New York's Cancer Research Institute mend to my colleagues this outstanding high Communist Party ofH.cial, was com­ for his "landmark" work in cancer imznunol­ mitted to a psychiatric hospital as an ogy research, his government refused him article by Ralph Bennett in the January "especially dangerous schizophrenic" because permission to go to the United States and ac­ 1977 Reader's Digest: he circulated dissident writings. Anatoly Po­ cept the award. Similarly, physicist Valentin THE HELSINKI AGREEMENT: RUSSIA'S SHAME­ nomarev, an engineer from Leningrad, was Turchin was denied an exit visa in Decem­ FUL RECORD confined to a psychi.atric ward because he ber 1975 when Columbia University invited (By Ralph Kinney Bennett) wrote letters criticizing government policy. him as a visiting scholar. (NOTE.-On August 1, 1975, the United Prominent scholar Igor Melchuk, author of But nowhere is there more shocking evi­ States, the Soviet Union and 33 other na­ more than 150 published works, was dis­ dence of the Soviet Union's opposition to tions signed accords at Helsinki, Finland, missed from the Institute of Linguistics be­ freedom of movement than in its emigration that "legitimatized" the Soviet hegemony cause he made the "ideological error" of policy. Prospective emigrants routinely face over Eastern Europe established at the end writing a letter to the New York Times de­ the loss of jobs and homes, social ostracism of world war n. This was a diplomatic fending Sakharov. and, very likely, induction into the army cr triumph for the Kremlin. But, as a quid pro Or consider the case of Andrei Amalrik, imprisonment in a labor camp. "In every quo, the accords also detailed agreements whose writings like Will the Soviet Union known case," Elizabeth Pond of The Christian designed to "open up" the closed societies of Survive Until 1984? won him accolades Science Monitor reports from Moscow, "the Russia and the countries under Soviet domi­ abroad and prison sentences at home. After nation-greater freedom of thought and re- exile in Siberia, he returned to Moscow in •To keep the West informed on conditions ligion, freer travel and "human contacts," 1975 to join his wife Gyusel. Police ordered inside the Soviet Union, Khronlka Press, 505 freer flow of information. Seventeen months him out. In September 1975, whUe he lay Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018, pub­ have passed since the "spirit of Helsinki" was sick in bed, KGB agents burst 1n and took lishes a bimonthly magazine of letters, re­ invoked. Are the Russians living up to the him away .tor a night of interrogation. Just ports and other materials smuggled out of agreement? Here 1s a report.) before Christmas he was detained again. Russia. 3462 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 numerous Soviet Jews who have applied to Thus, since the signing at Helsinki, since guarantee that few people anywhere will leave but have been refused permission have the high-minded language about respect !or share a common perception of what the been fired from their jobs." human rights and dignity, little has changed. Foundation is all about, how it sees its Moreover, a potential emigrant must pay The Iron Curtain has been accorded a kind mission and how it serves society. I think an exit fee of 300 rubles (about $400), two of diplomatic recognition, and what happens this weakens the Foundation's capacity to months' pay for the typical worker. Then he to the people behind it remains in the hands be effective in terms commensurate with its may find that Israel is the only country to of a government intent on repression. Yet potential. which he can get permission to go--and Alexander Sukharev, Soviet First Deputy Another consideration that I believe re­ emigration to Israel costs an additional 500 Minister of Justice, glibly tells an interviewer quires more attention is the need to scale rubles. that "our country long ago reached a level in down activities to a level that reflects di­ Early in 1976, the Soviets introduced still the matter of tangible guarantees and de­ minished resources. It seems to me that another economic barrier. Many would-be fense of human rights that the average citi­ with half of the inoome, we still are ad­ emigrants-especially Jews-live off foreign zen in the so-called 'free world' can only dressing as many different problem areas donations after they have been fired from dream of." as we did 10 or 15 years ago. I suspect that their jobs and are still waiting for their exit As with other agreements in the past, it we are tackling some of these rather thinly visas. Under the new regulation, financial would appear that Soviet compliance with and thus not too effectively. gifts from abroad are subject to a 30-percent Helsinki is something the West can only The Foundation always has prided itself tax-on top of a 35-percent "bank charge." dream of, unless the governments of the free on its emphasis on funding the experimen­ The remaining money is then significantly world will use the accords incessantly to prod tal kind of effort-the new way that might devalued. A Soviet emigrant who receives a the Kremlin toward some semblance of lead to a significant breakthrough. Yet we 400-ruble gift takes home about 50 rubles. humanity. stick with some programs for years and years--office of the Arts being a prime ex­ PRESS FREEDOM ample. Are we an on-going funding agency The Helsinki signatories agreed to the free A CREATURE OF CAPITALISM? or are we courageous backers of innovation dissemination of information-books, news­ in the huge field of human problems? papers, broadcasts-"for an ever wider The Foundation exists and thrives on the knowledge and und~rstanding of the various fruits of our economic system. The dividends aspects of life in the other participating HON. LARRY PRESSLER of competitive enterprise make it all possible. states." OF SOUTH DAKOTA A significant portion of the abundance The notion that the Soviets would honor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES created by U.S. business enables the Founda­ these provisions was dispelled almost at once. tion and like institutions to carry on their An issue of Zhurnalist, official magazine of Wednesday, February 2, 1977 work. In effect, the Foundation is a creature the Soviet Union of Journalists, published Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, the free of capitalism-a statement that, I'm sure, shortly after the Helsinki signing, carried the enterprise system that supports the would be shocking to many professional staff explanation that most Western publications country is sometimes berated on univer­ people in the field of philanthropy. r.t is hard could not be circulated in East Bloc nations to discern recognition of this fact in any­ because they contradicted "the morality of sity campuses, in private foundations thing the Foundation does. It is even more socialist society." Western n~wspapers and and in certain circles that frequently difficult to find an understanding of this in magazines that do come into the Soviet are the beneficiaries of our economic many of the institutions, particularly the Union are earmarked for government officials system. I know that our economic sys­ universities, that are the beneficiaries of the and a few approved scholars. Moscow boasted tem is mixed to some extent, but I was Foundation's grant programs. it would put 18 Western newspapers on gen­ very impressed with the statement of I'm not playing the role of the hard­ eral sale after Helsinki, but Western corre­ Henry Ford n, in resigning from the headed tycoon who thinks all phllanthro­ spondents have had a hard time finding Ford Foundation. Mr. Ford pointed out poids are socialists and all universlity profes­ them. So far, non-communist Western papers sors are communists. I'm just suggesting to are still to be found only in a few selected that the foundation exists and thrives the Trustees and the staff that the system airports and hotels-points not accessible to on the fruits of our economic system. He that makes the Foundation possible very the average citizen. went on to say that in effect the foun­ probably is worth preserving. Perhaps it is Despite Helsinki, the jamming of Radio dation is a creature of capitalism, a time for the Trustees and staft' to examine Liberty, which began broadcasting into the statement I am sure would be shocking the question of our obligations to our eco­ Soviet Union in 19 languages back in 1953, to many professional staff people in the nomic system and to consider how the Foun­ has not ceased. Jamming of Radio Free Eu­ field of philanthropy. He went on to say dation as one of the system's most prominent rope has continued in Poland, Czechoslo­ offspring, might act most wisely to strength­ that it is very difficult to find an under­ en and Improve its progenitor. vakia and Bulgaria. Last winter the Soviets standing of this in many of the institu­ successfully bullied the International Olym­ One final note: it may be the fate of any pic Committee into denying accreditation to tions, particularly the universities that large institution over the time to turn more Radio Free Europe correspondents to cover are beneficiaries of the foundation's and more in ward in its thtnking processes the Winter Olympics at Innsbruck, Austria, grant programs. and gradually to foreclose itself from out­ which they had done previously since 1952. side lnflnences. I detect this to some degree I think it is well for us to pause and in the Foundation, particularly among staff Though the U.S.S.R. promised to ease re­ recall that it is business and entrepre­ people. It's a danger sign. The "not invented strictions on foreign correspondents there. neural activity that produces the basic here" attitude robs an organization of the this has proved illusory. Reporters continue wealth in our society. At this point I benefits of new thinking and should be to be screened !rom the realities of Soviet wish to insert Mr. Ford's statement fought at every turn. All wisdom does not life, says David K. Shipler of the New York repose at 320 East 43rd Street nor may it be Times. "They are toasted by officials and which appeared in the January 14, 1977, issue of the Wall Street Journal: found solely at The American Road, Dear­ vilified by the Soviet press, escorted gra­ born, Michigan. 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue or ciously around factories and denied inter­ A CREATURE OF CAPITALISM any other pOIWer center in the world. We have views, entertained at receptions and de­ (NOTE.-Earlier this week, Henry Ford II, a lot to lea.rn !rom many sources. We prived of !acts." Reporters who have tried to chairman of Ford Motor Co., disclosed that shouldn't tolerate a fortress mentality. break through the smiling, courteol,Js bar­ he had resigned as a trustee of the Ford rier that prevents real newsgathering are Foundation. The move left the tax-exempt watched closely by Soviet secret police. foundation's board without a representative The Soviets are particularly concerned of the family that founded lt. In a letter with reporters who speak Russian. A con­ to the board, Mr. Ford said he wanted to TRIDUTE TO TOM TEAR certed attempt is made to discredit them or "step aside" because "after 33 years I strike fear in those who would talk to them. have ... pretty much done all there is to HON. RALPH S. REGULA Christopher Wren of the Times, George Krim­ do as a Trustee.... " He also offered the sky of Associated Press and Alfred Friendly, following thoughts. An editorial on this sub­ OF OHIO Jr., formerly of Newsweek-all fluent in Rus­ ject appears on this page today.) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sian and known for their enterprising sto­ In leaving the Board, I have a few thoughts Monday, January 31, 1977 ries-have been painted in the Soviet press as that I would like to pass along to you. The CIA agents. People they interview have been first of these is that, to a great extent, ef­ Mr. REGULA. Mr. Speaker, I am picked up and questioned by the KGB. Other fectiveness in a large institution comes pleased to join my colleagues in saluting reporters have found themselves accused of from an understanding and appreciation of Thomas H. Tear in his well-deserved re­ drug dealing, homosexuality and espionage. 1ts goals and actions by the constituency tirement from this body as chief minor­ "All this," says Shlpler, "combined with it serves. In the case of the Foundation, the close surveillance and bugging of correspond­ constituency is society at large; I suggest ity page. ents, takes place beneath the government's to you that society's view of the Foundation Tom's cheerful and courteous manner pose of open cooperation with the foreign is quite blurred these days. The diffuse array is also reflected in all of the Republican press as mandated by the Helsinki declara­ of enterprises upon which the Foundation pages, with a dedicated and sincere de­ tion." has embarked in recent years is almost a sire to be helpful to the minority Mem- February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3463 bers of Congress. The help of Tom and centage dropped from 35 % to 22 % . This tion and Labor. This will certainly make his team of pages are a vital part of our probably happened everywhere. The suburbs it difficu1t to get my bill on to the House performing our duties here in the Iolouse were not so badly hit, so we have a false floor within the next 2 years. picture of what happened in the cities. Many As we all know, the referral of bills is of Representatives. big cities probably have lost 25% or more We will miss Tom's friendliness and of their manufacturing jobs. a matter entirely within the prerogative good humor, both of which have light­ What does it all mean? Simply that the of the majority leadership. One can only ened our burdens tremendously. We wish cities are today the sick soft cures of metro­ ponder on this double standard. him and his wife, Carolyn, much happi­ politan areas. The rich move to the suburbs, This incident raises the issue of basic ness as they join the "carefree group." the poor to the big cities. Investment is no fairness to Members. Furthermore, I longer being made in the big cities. Costs think the American people deserve a and taxes go up, the ability to collect taxes more thoughtful approach to legislation down. than has been exhibited in this instance. Recently, the City of New York put to­ MISPLACED EMPHASIS IN HELPING gether a task force from its planning, budget­ THE CITIES ing and economic development offices, re­ cruited a group of economists from the banks and prepared a plan for its own economic SOVIET PERSECUTION OF AMNER B. HON. THEODORE S. WEISS salvation, using its own resources. The new ZAVUROV OF NEW YORK plan is designed to, at best, add 130,000 jobs by 1981 with an unemployment rate of 5.9% IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES instead of today's 10.6%. Lt is not even ex­ HON . .RICHARD L. OTTINGER Wednesday, February 2, 1977 pected that in the next five years we wm be OF NEW YORK able to get back to where we were five years IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ ago. Wednesday, February 2, 1977 ing article by I. D. Robbins appeared in The Carter administration shows signs of the January 23, New York News. Mr. thinking in generalities, of assuming that if Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, on Robbins makes the critical point that the it can somehow take care of the big national Friday, January 14, the New York Times N2.tion must "recogniZe its responsibility economic picture, the little problems like reported the 3-year sentencing of Amner for the hard-core poverty problem" so the cities and poverty will take care of them­ B. Zavurov, a Soviet Jew, by the pro­ that recovery of the economy may then selves. This is madness. Urban poverty and vincial court of Uzbekistan, U.S.S.R., be­ begin. I hope that my colleagues will take blight are a reaction to national policies and will be ameliorated only by national pro­ cause of his desire to emigrate to Israel. the time to reflect on where our legis­ grams specifically designed to correct urban Since August 1975, when Mr. Zavurov l&tive emphasis should lie. This article poverty and blight. was first granted permission to emigrate, can help shape our reasoning in setting Strangely, I think New York has the best he has been subjected to a bizarre series the foundation for the rebuilding of our chance, better than Chicago, Detroit or even of judicial and administrative procedures urban centers: Atlanta, to help itself. New York City has which ended on January 13, in a trial OF ALL THE CITIES, NEW YORK CAN SURVIVE certain built-in advantages. It is perfectly without counsel. The charges brought (By I. D. Robbins) situated to take advantage of world peace, against Mr. Zavurov were failure to increased world trade and travel and in­ possess an internal passport--which was The city of New York is franker about its creased foreign investment in the United economic situation than most cities. It has States. It is the world center of communica­ taken by Soviet authorities when he re­ admitted in its proposed economic redevelop­ tions, has the finest educational, cultural ceived his exit visa-and failure to have ment program, "Economic Recovery 1977- and health services "plant" anywhere. If the a job-which one canont get in the Soviet 1981," published recently, that it's in bad nation as a whole wlll recognize its responsi­ Union without a passport. shape. New York confesses that its unemploy­ blllty for the hard-core poverty problem, we Soviet authorities promised to return ment rate is 10.6%, that since 1969 it has can go to work on the job of rebuilding our Mr. Zavurov's passport if he withdrew his lost 650,000 jobs: one out of three jobs in economy. construction, one out of five in transporta­ application for an exit visa. He rejected tion, one out of six in wholesale and retail their offer, and continued to pursue the businesses and even one out of ten in finance. visa application. He is now facing 3 years The biggest loss has been in manufacturing. IS DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP in prison because of his decision. Manufacturing in New York is half as big as UNFAIR? In response to the sentencing, I it was at the end of World War II. Even initiated a letter to General Secretary since 1970, 238,400 manufacturing jobs have dlsa.ppeared. The needle trades went to Htmg HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK Brezhnev protesting the decision of the Kong, Seoul and Taipei. Uzbekistan court, and the U.S.S.R.'s OF OHIO violation of the agreed provisions of the But I have long had a strong feeling that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES New York is not alone among the big cities. Final Act of the Conference on Security So I called Herbert Bienstock, the quick and Wednesday, February 2, 1977 and Cooperation in Europe. On Jan­ able regional director of the U.S. Bureau of Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I have uary 21, 28 of my colleagues joined me in Labor Statistics, and asked him to give me a sending the letter to Mr. Brezhnev-a similar rundown on other major cities. been given a foretaste by the Democratic leadership of what the 95th Congress may copy of which follows: Number of Percent of well be like. If the pattern continues, ap­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Metropolitan area jobs lost -jobs lost parently fairness toward the minority Washington, D.O., January 21, 1977. His Excellency LEONID I. BREZHNEV, Chicago ------161,000 16 Members will be of little concern. Los Angeles ______106,000 12 General Secretary, Central Committee of the On January 4, Democratic Congress­ Communist Party, Soviet Union. Detroit ------­ 102,000 17 man AUGUSTUS HAWKINS introduced H.R. Cleveland ------59,000 19 DEAR MR. SECRETARY: We are writing to St. Louis ______53,000 18 50, his radical proposal which would protest the recent three-year prison sentence 52,000 18 serve as a blueprint for a Government­ delivered to Amner B. Zavurov because of his Newark ------­ desire to emigrate to Israel. Pittsburgh ------38,000 13 controlled economy. Despite its infringe­ We do not understand, nor do we sanction, Boston ------­ 34,000 12 ment of the jurisdiction of numerous Dallas-Fort Worth (the standing committees, including specific the arbitrary judicial and administrative sun belt, even)------27, 000 10 to processes which culminated in his sentence. amendments the Budget Act, H.R. 50 The U.S.S.R.'s harsh reaction to Mr. Zavurov's Unfortunately, Washington doesn't think was referred to only one committee, that visa. request comes as a. disappointment to in terms of cities. It thinks metropolitan of Education and Labor. those of us who had hoped that some progress areas. Exact "City figures are kept only for On January 6, I introduced H.R. 171, had been made to relax Soviet emigration New York and Philadelphia. St111 the figures the Economic Recovery and Sustained policies. for metropolitan areas tell a. depressing story Growth Act. In my opinion this bill is a We trust you will consider our thoughts a.s ot the decline of manufacturing employ­ much better way to get our economy mov­ you continue to deliberate on the important ment from 1969 to 1975. Here they are: issue of international human rights. These area. figures are bad enough, but the ing and to solve the economic problems Sincerely, Bienstock office thinks the figures from facing our country. It was referred joint­ Richard L. Ottinger, Christopher J. Dodd, Philadelphia need special attention. That ly, however, to no less than four different Robert A. Roe, Robert F. Drlnan, John city lost 89,000 jobs, 35% of its manufactur­ committees. These include the Commit­ Krebs, Joshua Eilberg, Jerome A. ing employment. The whole Philadelphia tee on Ways and Means, Ru1es, Banking, Ambro, Edward W. Pattison, Newton I. metropolitan area lost 128,000, but the per- Finance and Urban Affairs, and Educa- Steers, Jr., R6bert J. La.goma.rsino, CXXIII--218-Part 3 3464 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 Norman F. Lent, Richard A. Tonry, Joe selves and are practically the victims of of assembly and the prohibition of its re­ Moakley, Elizabeth Holtzman, Stephen apartheid. Hundreds of thousands of other straint, stemming from Articles 21 and 22 J. Solarz, Harold C. Hollenbeck. citizens have been denied the "freedom from of the. flrst pact; the right to participate in James J. Blanchard, William R. Cotter, fear" cited in the Preamble to the :fl.rst pact; public affairs, in Article 25; and the right Donald M. Fraser, Thomas J. Downey, they live in constant peril of losing their jobs to equality before the law, in Article 26- Parren J. Mitchell, Berkley Bedell, or other beneflts if they express their all have been seriously curtailed. Theodore S. Weiss, Raymond F. Led­ opinions. These conditions prevent working people erer, Marjorie S. Holt, William Lehman, EDUCATIONAL CURBS ARE CITED from freely establishing labor and other or­ Henry A. Waxman, William M. Brod­ Contrary to Article 13 of the second pact, ganizations for the protection of their eco­ head, Herbert E. Harris II. guaranteeing the right to education, many nomic and social interests, and from freely young people are prevented from pursuing using their right to strike as provided in higher education because of their views or Point 1, Article 8 of the second pact. even because of their parents' views. Count­ Other civil rights, including the virtual CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND CHARTER 77 less citizens worry that if they declare their banning of "willful interference with private convictions, they themselves or their chil­ life, the family, home, and correspondence" dren will be deprived of an educaltion. in Article 17 of the first pact, are gravely HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD Exercising the right to "seek, receive and circumscribed by the fact that the Interior OF MICHIGAN impart information regardless of frontiers Ministry employs various practices to con­ trol the daily existence of citizens-such as IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES and of whether \tis oral, written or printed," or "imparted through art,"-Point 2, Article telephone tapping and the surveillance of Wednesday, February 2, 1977 13 of the first pact-can result in persecution private homes, watching mail, shadowing in­ dividuals, searching apartments, and recruit­ Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, sev­ not only outside 'the court but also inside. Frequently this occurs under the pretext of ing a net work of informers from the ranks em.l days ago Ms. FENWICK and I wrote a criminal indictment (as evidenced, among of the population (often by illegal intimi­ to the Czechoslovak ambassador to pro­ other instances, by the recent trial of young dation or, sometimes, promises), etc. test that country's harassment of dissi­ musicians) . RIGHT TO TRAVEL IS VIOLATED dents who signed the "Charter 77" state­ Freedom of speech is suppressed by the The Ministry frequently interferes in the ment calling for the human rights guar­ government's management of all mass media, decisions of employers, inspires discrimi­ anteed by the Helsinki agreement. including the publishing and cultural insti­ nation by authorities and organzations, in­ On January 31, 1977, I received a reply tutions. No political, philosophical, scientific, fluences the organs of justice, and even su­ or artistic work that deviates in the slightest pervises the propaganda. campaigns of the from the ambassador, Dr. Jaromir from the narrow framework of official ideol­ mass media. This activity is not regulated J ohanes, enclosing a press release from ogy or esthetics is permitted to be produced. by laws, it is covert, so the citizen is unable the Czechoslovak embassy. The release Public criticism of social conditions is pro­ to protect himself against it. included statements from a number of hibited. Public defense against false and de­ In the cases of politically motivated perse­ Czechoslovak citizens denouncing the famatory charges by official propaganda or­ cution, the organs of interrogation and jus­ "Charter 77" statement and referring to gans is impossible, despite the legal protec­ tice violate the rights of the defendants it as "slanderous" and "right-wing" in tion against attacks on one's reputation and and their counsel contrary to Article 14 of character. honor unequivocally afforded by Article 17 of the first pact as well as Czechoslovakia's the :fl.rst pact. False accusations cannot be re­ own laws. People thus sentenced to jail ~e In order that those of my colleagues fused, and it is futile to attempt rectiflcation being treated in a manner that violates their who are interested in this matter may or to seek legal redress. Open discussion of human dignity, impairs their health, and judge the document for themselves, I am intellectual and cultural matters is out of attempts to break them morally. including it in the RECORD. the question. Many scientl:fl.c and cultural Point 2, Article 12 of the first ·pact, guar­ [From the New York Times, Jan. 27, 1977] workers, as well as other citizens, have been anteeing the right to freely leave one's coun­ discriminated against simply because some try, is generally violated. Under the pretext MANIFESTO CHARGING RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN years ago they legally published or openly of "protecting the State security," contained CZECHOSLOVAKIA articulated views condemned by the current in Point 3, departure is tied to various il­ (NoTE.-Following is the text of Charter 77, political power. legal conditions. Just as arbitrary are the a Czechoslovak • human-rights manifesto Religious freedom, emphatdcally guaran­ procedures for issuing visas to foreign na­ cited by the State Department yesterday as teed by Article 18 of the first pact, is sys­ tionals, many of whom are prevented from evidence of rights violations. It was trans­ tematically curbed with a despotic arbitrar­ visiting Czechoslovakia because they had lated by and published in the current issue iness: Limits are imposed on the activities some official or friendly contact with per­ of The New Leader, dated Jan. 31.) of priests, who are constantly threatened sons who had been discriminated against Law No. 120 of· the Czechoslovak Collec­ with the revocation of government permis­ in our country. tion of Laws, published OCtober 13, 1976, in­ sion to perform their function; persons who SOme citizens-privately at their places of cludes the text of the International Cove­ manifest their religious faith either by word work, or through the media abroad (the nant on Civil and Political Rights, and th& or action lose their jobs or are made to suffer only public forum available to them) have International Covenant on Economic, Social other repressions; religious instruction in drawn attention to these systematic Viola­ and Cultural Rights, both signed in behalf of schools is suppressed, et cetera. tions of human rights and democratic free­ doms and have demanded a remedy in spe­ our Republic in 1968 and confirmed at the A whole range of civil rights is severely 1975 Helsinki Conference. These pacts went cl:fl.c cases. But they have received no re­ restricted or completely suppressed by the sponse, or have themselves become the ob­ into effect in our country on March 23, 1976; effective method of subordinating all insti­ since that date our citizens have had the jects of investigation. tutions and organizations in the State to The responsibillty for the preservation of right, and the State has had the duty, to the political directives of the ruling Party's abide by them. civll rights naturally rests with the State apparatuses and the pronouncements of power. But not on it alone. Every individual The freedoms guaranteed to individuals by highly influential individuals. Neither the bears a share of responsibillty for the gen­ the two documents are important assets of Constitution of the CSSR nor any of the eral conditions in the country, and there­ civilization. They have been the goals of country's other legal procedures regulate fore also for compliance with the enacted campaigns by many progressive people in the contents, form or application of such pacts, which are as binding for the people the past, and their enactment can signlfl­ pronouncements, which are frequently issued as for the government. cantly contribute to a humane development orally, unbeknown to and beyond the con­ The feeling of this coresponsibility, the of our society. We welcome the fact that the trol of the average citizen. Their authors are belief in the value of civic engagement and Czechoslovak Socialist Republic has agreed responsible only to themselves and their own the readiness to be engaged together with to enter into these covenants. hierarchy, yet they have a decisive influence the need to seek a new and more effective Their publication, however, 1s at the same on the activity of the legislative as wen as expression, gave us the idea of creating Char­ time an urgent reminder of the many funda­ executive bodies of the State administra­ ter 77, whose existence we publicly announce. mental human rights that, regrettably, exist tion, on the courts, trade unions, social or­ Charter 77 is a free and informal and open in our country only on paper. The right of ganizations, other political parties, business, association of people of various convictions, free expression guaranteed by Article 19 of factories, schools and similar installations, religions and professions, linked by the de­ the first pact, for example, is quite Ulusory. and their orders take precedence over the sire to work individually and collectively for Tens of thousands of citizens have been pre­ laws. respect for human and civil rights In Czech­ vented from working in their professions for oslovakia and the world-the rights pro­ the sole reason that their views differ from POLICE ACCUSED 011' SURVEILLANCE vided for in the enacted international pacts, the official ones. They have been the fre­ If some organizations or citizens in the in the Final Act of the Helsinki Conference. quent targets of various forms of discrimi­ interpretation of their rights and duties, and in numerous other international docu­ nation and chicanery on the part of the au­ become involved in a con:fl.ict with the direc­ ments against wars, violence and social and thorities or social organization; they have tives, they cannot turn to a neutral author­ mental oppression. It represents a general been denied any opportunity to defend them- ity, for none exists. Consect:uently, the right declaration of human rights. February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3465

FOUNDED ON A COMMON CONCERN Angeles City and County. As a volunteer THE MYTH OF VOTER APATHY Charter 77 is founded on the concepts of sta:ff worker, Joseph Schechter has (By Alexander E. Barkan) solidarity and friendship of people who share worked on almost all standing commit­ We've just come through a national elec­ a concern for the fate of ideals to which they tees of the center. He is a zealous fund­ tion. Many concerned with it were preoc­ have linked their lives and work. raiser for community services to young cupied not so much with the question of Cl!arter 77 is not an organization; it has and old. who would win but whether anybody would no statutes, permanent organs or registered show up. "What if we held the election," membership. Everyone who agrees with its For Joseph Schechter's present and they asked, "and nobody comes?" As many idea and participates in its work and sup­ past value to us as a most exemplary bets were placed on the come-out as on the ports it, belongs to it. citizen, I am proud to commend him to outcome. Newspaper headlines and other Charter 77 is not intended to be a basis you. It is a privilege to do him honor, media comments on "apathy" in the Presi­ for opposition political activity. Its desirt: and to look forward to having the bene­ dential race were so common some thought it is to serve the coin.L'lon interest, as have fit of his help for many years to come. must be a third-party candidate. numerou s similar organizations of civic That's a joke. Apathy, voter frustration and initiative East and West. It has no intention mistrust are quadrennial stories, dusted off of lnltiating its own programs for political 1n Presidential-election years. I'm convinced or social reforms or changes, but it wants to they're infl.ated. Almost always in an election lead in the sphere of its activity by means PERHAPS NOW, POST CARD REGIS­ year, voter interest is slow to generate. While of a constructive dialogue with the political TRATION the media and the candidates are an 1n a and State authorities-and particularly by dither and immersed in political matters, drawing attention to various specific vio­ voters-many of them-keep one eye on the lations of civil and human rights, by pre­ pennant races, the World Series, other con­ paring their documentation, by suggesting HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL cerns. In the last few weeks, their interest solutions, by submitting various more gen­ OF NEW YORK picks up perceptibly, then peaks in the final days of a campaign. eral proposals aimed at furthering these IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rights and their guarantees, by acting as a One problem is that by then registration mediator in the event of confiict situations Wednesday, February 2, 1977 1n all but a few states has closed out--and which might result in wrongdoings, etc. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, in our last millions of citizens have not regiStered. CHARTER 77 LOOKS TO BELGRADE Meanwhile, millions of others have been dis­ election over 80 million Americans par­ courged from registering by archaic laws that By its symbolic name, Charter 77 stresses ticipated in the exercise of democratic make registration at least inconvenient and that it has been established on the threshold freedom by casting their ballots. While often a challenge to one's ingenuity and per­ of what has been declared the year of polit­ that is a record number, there still re­ severavnce. A postelection New York Times ical prisoners, in the course of which a main approximately 70 million people poll found large numbers failed to register meeting in Belgrade is to review the prog­ because "it was too hard for them." ress--or lack of it--achieved since the Hel­ who, while eligible to vote, do not do so sinki Conference. because of various bureaucratic barriers PERFORMANCE As signatories of this declaration, we desig­ placed there by the States. It's been too hard for too many too long, nate Dr. Jan Patocka, Dr. Vaclav Havel and A short while ago, I introduced H.R. and the labor movement believes it's high Professor Jiri Hajek to act as spokesmen for 2347, a bill which would establish through time to erase the pointless laws that 11m1t Charter 77. These spokesmen are authorized the Postal Service a system of post card voter participation. It is time to enact a to represent Charter 77 before the State voter registration. This legislation would universal voter-registration law. The Federal and other organizations, as well as before the government should take on the responsib111ty public at home and throughout the world, make it easier and more convenient for of registering voters. Our people will vote if and they guarantee the authenticity of its Americans to exercise this most basic of it's made easier for them. documents by their signatures. In us and rights. It is my belief that if this bill or This year, approximately 150 mlllion Amer­ other citizens who w1ll join Charter 77, they the concept embodied therein, were to icans were of voting age and eligible. About wlll find their collaborators who will par­ become law, the result would be a much 70 per cent, or 105 mlllion of them, were ticipate in the necessary negotiations, who stronger Republic as more Americans registered. On Nov. 2, more than 80 million will accept partial tasks, and wlll share the voted-which was a record number, if not would participate in the process of se­ percentage. entire responsiblllty. lecting their elected representatives. We trust that Charter 77 will contribute So, almost 80 per cent of those who were to making it possible for all citizens of Organized labor has been one of the registered voted. Not so bad, and good Czechoslovakia to live and work as free principal supporters of a universal reg­ enough to suggest that millions more would people. istration system. They have been instru­ have turned out had they been able simply mental in bringing about registration by to get in line Election Day and make their choice known. mail systems in several States through­ Strong evidence undergirds this belief. In out the country. From the research that Wisconsin, a recently enacted state law per­ TRmUTE TO JOSEPH SCHECHTER I have been able to ascertain, the 16 mits voters to forget about registration en­ States that have adopted registration by tirely, just walk up on Election Day, provide mail statutes in the last 2 years, the ex­ a "driver's license or other proof of age and HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN perience has laid to rest many of the ar­ residence and go into the booth and pull the OF CALIFORNIA guments employed by those who argue levers. About 200,000 unregistered Wiscon­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against a universal post card registration sinites voted Nov. 2, creating an actual in­ crease in voting participation over 1972. Voter Wednesday, February 2, 1977 law. This is not to say that my bill or participation was 10 points above the na­ any legislation similar to it would be tional average of 54.4. Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, at an completely free of any fraud. However, I In Minnesota, the case was made as com­ honorary luncheon on February 15, the maintain that if we are to achieve the pellingly. Under a similar state law, more Westside Jewish Community Center will goals that our Founding Fathers en­ than 22 per cent of the 1.9 million persons commemorate Mr. Joseph Schechter's visioned for us, then it is up to us as the who voted had not registered beforehand. many years of devoted service. The oc­ people's representatives to work tireless­ Minnesota's voting performance of 75 per casion will mark the initiation of the 1977 ly to make the system fraud-free and cent-plus was 7 points up from 1972 and United Jewish Welfare Fund Campaign, thus insuring the validity of the results. more than 20 points over the national aver­ age. Walter Mondale's presence on the na­ Mr. Schechter's favorite charity. tn the January 24 issue of Newsweek, tional ticket surely helped, but not that Now in his eighties, Joseph Schechter Alexander Barkan, the national director much. arrived in the United States from Bes­ of the political arm of the AFL-CIO, sets REGISTRATION BY MAIL sarabia, Russia, in 1898. He founded and out the reasons why the Congress must In neither Wisconsin nor Minnesota was successfully developed a metals and alu­ enact a universal registration statute. I there fraudulent voting. Administrative minum business. Since retiring in 1955, he believe that the a~guments put forth by headaches, if any, were minor. It cost noth­ has worked tirelessly to help and raise Barkan are indeed worth sharing with ing extra. funds for community organizations. He my colleagues, this Congress will most As an interim step to universal registra­ as tion, the trade-union movement has sup­ has served as a member of the board of certainly take up the issue of post card ported enactment of reg1stra.t1on-by-mall directors of the Westside Jewish Com- registration. In that regard, I would hope laws. In the past two years, sixteen states munity Center, president of the center's that you would read the following arti­ have adopted them. In most, experience senior adults board of directors, and on cle, and study my legislation on the sub-. with the la.w supports the belle! that they're the Area Oouncll on Aging for Los Ject. Mr. Barkan's comments follow: a step in the right direction. In Texas, Ten- 3466 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 nessee, Maryland, Oregon and Kentucky, cause its emergency provisions will al­ venience of those who have insisted upon new registrations in 1976 alone approached low the shipment of direly needed nat­ regulated low prices. Total and permanent or exceeded the number of citizens who ural gas to homes, business and indus­ deregulation must be accomplished so that had become newly eligible to vote in the prices in a free market can provide the finan­ 1972-76 period. trial :firms, and schools of the Midwest, cial incentives necessary for continuous ex­ It is conceded the experience was less im­ North, and East which are suffering great ploration and development of suftl.cient. en­ pressive in other states. But the program is hardship caused by the unusually severe ergy for our growing nation. We believe that recent, and logistical problems, particularly winter conditions. I think it would not be deregulation will increase the reserves of in big industrial states, are enormous even untoward of me to remind my many col­ natural gas and in the long run decrease for the simplified procedure of mail regis­ leagues who have in the past successfully cost to our customers. tration. opposed efforts by me and other Mem­ A copy of this letter will appear in news­ The labor movement was the only organi­ papers throughout our service area on Feb­ zation fully promoting use of this new tool, bers of gas-producing States to achieve ruary 1, 1977. and we registered some 6 million of our deregulation that shortages of natural Respectfully yours, members for an over-all AFL-CIO member­ gas would be one of the consequences. I EVERN R. WALL, registration rate of 80 per cent, 10 points should like to hope, now that this predic­ President. higher than the electorate at large. The po­ tion has materialized, that we may re­ litical parties and other interest groups al­ ceive more favorable consideration wlien most uniformly ignored the availability of mail registration, and election officials with we present to the Congress again this few exceptions failed to stimulate its use session leigslation to deregulate the price WARD PHILOSOPHY: IT SELLS adequately. . of natural gas at the wellhead perma­ BUSES But the labor movement seeks a quantum ently. In this vein, I should like to pre­ leap beyond registration by mail. We look sent for the record a copy of a letter at Canada and other nations where the gov­ sent to President Carter by Mr. Evern R. ernment says to the citizen, "Don't worry Wall, president of El Paso Electric Co. HON. BILL ALEXANDER about registration, we'll handle that-all I OF ARKANSAS you have to do 1s show up at the polls would particularly call attention to his and vote Election Day." We look at the fact observations indicating that his firm is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that citizens in these nations do show up willing to help by allowing the intrastate Wednesday, February 2, 1977 Election Day in percentage far higher than gas it has under contract to be trans­ our own. We think this is exactly how it ferred to other sections of the country Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, for­ should, and would, work here. under emergency deregulation; but that eign trade has, for the past several years, Argument has raged unremittingly it is unfair to deregulate only tempo­ been a pillar of the economy of Arkansas throughout our 200 years over voting rights with industrial and agricultural exports and voting performance. At first, voting was rarily for this emergency and for the convenience of those who have insisted contributing well over $1 billion annually restricted to property owners. For nearly a I century and a half, it was a club for men upon regulated low prices. This is an to the State's economy. wish to share only, and white men, at that. Women-white overwhelmingly pertinent point which I with my colleagues a recent article in women-finally got the vote, but for nearly hope all of us may keep in mind as we the Arkansas Gazette about Ward In­ 50 years beyond that, minorities were ef­ consider permanent deregulation legis­ dustries of Conway, Ark., which reflects fectively barred from voting by poll taxes, lation later in this session of Congress. one of the reasons why: literacy tests and, often, violence. Now, with WARD PHILOSOPHY: IT SELLS BUSES the Voting Rights Act-for which the labor Following is the complete text of Mr. movement fought-that has changed. Wall's letter to President Carter: (By Tom Hamburger) OPENING THE POLLS EL PASO ELECTRIC Co., CoNWAY.-Charles D. Ward of Conway, 37, El Paso, Tex., January 28,1977. chairman of the Board of Ward Industries, Some argue we have come as far as we The PRESIDENT, traveled more miles last year trying to sell should in opening up the process. They The White House, buses than Secretary of State Henry A. Kis­ lament that further efforts will only en­ Washington, D.C. singer did in trying to bring about world courage more voting by the poor and the MR. PRESIDENT: The energy emergency peace. undereducated, who, they seem to think, caused by present weather conditions, al­ Ward probably received more tangible re­ are incapable of making wise political deci­ though unfortunate, should come as no sur­ sults for his efforts than did Kissinger. sions. Personally, I find their political judg­ prise. The Industry has been warning the Last week, W&rd announced that the sec­ ment as sound as that of lawyers, bankers, country for years that such a condition would ond phase of an agreement to sell 1,600 in­ corporate leaders, professors and-yes­ exist unless changes were made in national tercity buses to the Egyptian government even media commentators. regulation to promote exploration and energy had been completed. The announcement However, I'm willing to leave the debate development. came less than a year after Ward completed to those who pontificate regularly in this In Texas we are fortunate enough to have the final shipment of 700 buses to Saudi and similar journals. With or without their supplies of intrastate natural gas. Companies Arabia for use in carrying pilgrims to Mecca. counsel, I am convinced the more citizen such as El Paso Electric have made special The Egyptian contracts are the largest in participation we have the healthier and arrangements for customers to benefit from the company's history and will mean an ad­ stronger our democracy will be, and that all this fuel and even though it has been ex­ dition of 200 persons to the plant's work reasonable steps should be taken to increase pensive we have had an assured supply. We force of 700. But the company, which began it. We need a universal voter-registration recognize that many people in other parts of as a. blacksmith's shop in 1933, is accustomed law. Any eligible citizen should be entitled the country are under an emergency situa­ to success and growth. to enter the voting booth on Election Day, tion because of the severe weather. We un­ HE'S "PRACTICAL" his or her registration having been duly derstand that over 500,000 people are out of W01rd describes himself as "practical" and handled, without aggravation or inconven­ work and at least 40,000 schools have been the philosophy is evident in the development ience, by the government. The trade-union closed because of lack of fuel. For a number of years our customers have of the company, the formation of his political movement looks forward to the day when paid much higher prices for the gas we beliefs and in his operations in the politically the question will be not, "What if we hold tense Middle East. an election and no one shows up?" but, have used from the intrastate market. This gas is not regulated by the Federal Power In the 10 years since Charles Ward as­ "What if we hold an election and practically sumed the presidency of the company from everyone does?" Commission, and the extra cost paid by our customers has provided incentives for con­ his father, Ward's annual sales figures have tinued exploration, research and expensive grown from $7 million in 1967 to an ex­ off-shore drilling by the fuel supply com­ pected $55 million in 1977. The firm manu­ panies. During this time other parts of the factures about 5,000 buses a year and 1s one EMERGENCY NATURAL GAS ACT country have received Texas interstate nat­ of six major school bus builders in the coun­ OF 1977 ural gas, under regulations and price limita­ try. Although Ward says it is difficult to tell tions by the Federal Power Commission, at which is the l01rgest, he contends to have cor- a lower cost than that paid by customers in nered at least 20 per cent of the country's HON. RICHARD C. WHITE Texas, served from the intrastate market. school bus market. OF TEXAS El Paso Electric 1s willing to help the North Ward notes proudly that the family owned and East, as long as there is no extra cost to school bus company has grown even in recent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our customers, by allowing the intrastate years when the number of school age chil­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 natural gas we have under contrll.ct to be dren in the United States has declined. He transferred to other sections of the country insists that the growth 1s not related to Mr. WHITE. Mr. Speaker, yesterday under emergency deregulation. However, it court ordered busing, which he says accounts I voted in favor of the Emergency Nat­ is unfair to only temporarily deregulate nat­ for less than 1 per cent of the company's ural Gas Act of 1977, I voted for it be- ural gas for this emergency and for the con- business. February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3467 EXPLAINS GROWTH out and tried to sell," Charles Ward recalled boating. He keeps a 44-foot sport fisherman The growth can be explained, Ward says, last week. The elder Ward is now called boat at Fort Lauderdale, Fla., and enjoys fre­ by the company's overseas expansion, the na­ "chairman emeritus" of the company but quent trips to the Bahamas and the Florida. tionwide trend towards consolidation of he is still active. He spent last week in San keys. small schools and a sense of practicality Salvador arranging a sale of bus parts. Ward takes frequent vacations . (often and efllciency that has been a hallmark of The company has often increased its sales merging them with business trips) but it is the Ward operation since the beginning of by trading in underdeveloped countries-­ plain toot he greatly enjoys his work. "It the business. In the early days, in order to particularly in South America. But Ward affords me practically all the opportunities, meet production demands with limited capi­ said that in the early 1960s he decided to almost everything anyone could want: Travel, tal, the company manufactured its own parts concentrate more on the domestic market I get to meet interesting people and our and factory equipment. and the company pushed for more sales in business allows me to be creative. I do a "Father found that by making his own California and the Northeast. great deal of design work on our buses and parts he could get a steady supply. He in­ "We sold a lot in San Salvador and South I'm a designer-inventor and I design major vented and patented many of the things we America and the political upheavals there product changes. The job, is :flexible and I use here • • •. We manufacture our own au­ created probleinS • • • and we made a de­ get time off when I need it and I wouldn't tomatic assembly Unes, our own automatic cision then that the United States market trade it for anything." welders, our own automatic drlli machine. should receive priority," Ward said. We are more self-sufficient than any other Ward said that as American school age manufacturer in the United States. We, for population declined some he felt his Middle WORLD WILDLIFE FUND instance, laminate our own safety glass and East deal "looks really fantastic." make windows, seats and heaters." NO BRmES DESIGNS "SAFETY BUS" Ward said that he has never paid a bribe HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER All of the Wards have designed improve­ in any of his dealings with Third World OF VIRGINIA ments for their buses. Charles developed the countries but he said, with characteristic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES basic design for a "safety bus" that was frankness, that political influence is often first displayed in 1973. The standards em­ required to obtain government contracts. Wednesday, February 2, 1977 ployed in the safety bus will be required of He believed that United States companies Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, I have been all buses manufactured in the United States competing with Ward Industries for the requested by the World Wildlife Fund after April1, 1977, he said. Egyptian contract (financed by the United The Ward philosophy of self-sufllciency States Agency for International Develop­ to insert into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD was employed in 1968 when the growing com­ ment) were using political influence to con­ the following list of rare, vulnerable, or pany required a computer system. Rather vince ofllcials that Ward was not capable of endangered marine animals, compiled by than relying on an outside computer :firm, handling the deal. the International Union for Conserva­ Charles and his brother, Stephen Ward, "To me there is a place for political in­ tion of Nature and Natural Resources formed their own computer company, Demo­ fluence," Ward says, "and that is if a con­ and the U.S. Department of the Interior. graphics, Inc., of Conway. tract will add tax revenues to a congress­ I hope this information will be helpful The ever-practical Wards realized the com­ man's district or state, anything he can to my colleagues: pany could also provide services for the state do to help a contract within the legal con­ Democratic Party, in which he was becoming fines of his job is, I think, proper." WORLD WILDLIFE FuND increasingly active. Ward said that he has found it necessary The seas, which cover two-thirds of our "At that time, Winthrop Rockefeller was to use political connections on "three or world, give life to this planet. They are vital governor," Ward recalled, "and in becoming four occasions." One was a contract to build to man's existence, producing oxygen, act­ governor he developed one of the most so­ buses for employes of White Sands Missile ing as a global thermostat, and providing a. phisticated computer political operations in Range. major source of food. the United States and the Democrats had "We were less than half a per cent below Today, pollution and unguided exploita­ nothing to combat that sort of thing. I went General Motors in bidding for buses at White tion threaten the world's seas. Man's actions into business, offered it to the Democrats Sands Missile Range," Ward said, "and they are damaging areas of great value and here and the business grew and prospered." tried to get us kicked out. We called [Sena­ threatening a vast range of animals and tor John L.] McClellan who went to bat for plants. BOOM IN MIDDLE EAST us by saying that we can do the job and To help stop this trend, World Wildlife The Middle East has provided the largest by saying it would add jobs to [his] district." Fund is undertaking an extensive program single sales area for the company and the Not surprisingly, Ward is very active in to conserve marine life and establish pro­ boom in Middle East sales began with the state and national politics. tected marine parks and reserves. friendship of Ward and Ghaith Pharaon, a He was something of a newcomer to na­ Following is a list of rare, vulnerable or prominent Saudi businessman and a member tional politics until 1972 when he was chair­ endangered marine animals, compiled from of the Board of Regents of Harvard Univer­ man of the Draft Mllls for President oom­ the Red Data Books of the IUCN (Inter­ sity's School of Business. mittee (he left the M1lls campaign after the national Union for Conservation of Nature The friendship began when a Pharaon as­ New Hampshire primary because he was "dls­ and Natural Resources) and the U.S. Depart­ sociate contracted Ward about the possib111ty Ulusioned."). ment of the Interior's List of Threatened and of supplying school buses for Saudi pilgrims. . Ward's close friend, Senator Dale Bumpers Endangered Wildlife. Ward and Pharaon met in the course of ne­ (Dem., Ark.), assiSted him in 1972 in attain­ No list exists for the smaller life fonns gotiations and became fast friends. Their re­ ing a position as a Democratic national com­ lationship resulted in the development of a that abound in the seas, although many suf­ Initteeman--one of two positions the state fer or are even endangered in polluted or jointly owned Saudi Arbian computer firm has on the 303-member National Democrattc called Demographics Services, Ltd. The com­ over-exploited areas. World Wildlife Fund's Committee. concern for all marine life is great, for its pany was the first major computer company Ward has become increasingly active in in the country. condition 1s an indication of the health of national politics since his appointment to the seas on which we too depend. Ward said that unlike many other busi­ the 25-member executive committee of the nessmen dealing with Arab countrfes, he has Democratic National Committee. RARE, VULNERABLE, AND ENDANGERED MARINE not been asked to sign a boycott agreement ANIMALS SPEAKS FRANKLY stating that he wlll not trade with Israel. Mammals Ward speaks frankly and informally about He said the Saudis did require his com­ Cetacea pany to agree not to send the buses on ships his high business and political dealings. His that called at Israeli ports. He agreed. Would manner is relaxed. He showed up for an in­ Black right whale he sign a boycott agreement if it were nec­ terview in his favorite attire, an open sport­ Bowhead whale essary to maintain his trade in the Arab shirt, slacks and loafers with no socks. When Set whale world? he discovered a photographer was present he Fin whale "That's a decision I'd have to make Q.t ran home to put on a three-piece suit. Blue whale that time," he says, "I've always prided my­ His office walls are decorated with two Humpback whale self on not being prejudiced about race, in­ stuffed blue marlins, a. plastic world time Grey whale come or that sort of thing. I would really zone clock, a certificate of appreciation for Indus susu (dolphin) have to do some soul-searching before I his "outstanding efforts to maintain aDem­ Ganges susu (dolphin) would sign such a thing. Hopefully, I will ocratic Congress" and pictures of his wife Sarawak dolphin never be faced with the unhappy choice." and four children. Pygmy killer whale Ward attended the University of Arkansas Cochito Ward speaks often of the famlly nature of at Fayetteville for two years before dropping Spectacled porpoise the business. His father, D. H. Ward, got out "because I really didn't enjoy it all that Dall's porpoise his start in the bus business in 1933 when, much • • • it's probably the greatest regret Sperm whale as an impoverished blacksmith, he was asked of my life." ~ter dropping out, he went to Pygmy sperm whale to build a bus body on the back of a Ford Texas to manage a company plant that since truck. Dwarf sperm whale has closed. Tasman beaked whale "My father liked the business and went Ward's hobby, in addition to politics, is Northern bottlenose whale 3468 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977 Carnivora Boutu sian will be allowed to use it only once in Polar bear White fin dolphin his lifetime. This is expressly stated in Marine otter Franciscana the language of the bill. This provision is Southern sea otter Indopacific humpbacked dolphin Atlantic humpbacked dolphin included to insure that the tax exclusion Pinn1ped1a Tucuxi would be limited to those bona fide tax­ Galapagos fur seal Black-chinned dolphin payers for whose benefit it is intended Juan Fernandez fur seal Spinner dolphin and not abused or usurped by speculators Guadalupe f'ur seal Striped dolphin or developers. Japanese sea lion Spotted dolphin When I introduced the home sellers Salmaa seal Common dolphin Mediterranean monk seal Heaviside's dolphin tax relief bill last year, the proposal gen­ Caribbean monk seal Black dolphin erated considerable interest among the Hawaiian monk seal Hector's dolphin public. My office received a large number ~ S1ren1a Commerson's dolphin of telephone calls and letters from all Dugong Short-finned pilot whale parts of the country expressing support Caribbean manatee Irawaddy dolphin and gratitude that some Members of Amazonian manatee Harbor porpoise Congress were finally trying to reduce West African manatee Black porpoise Finless porpoise the tax burden for the average taxpayer. Birds Narwhal From the people who have taken the Sphenlscltormes Longman's beaked whale trouble to contact me I have learned that Galapagos penguin North Sea beaked whale the need to save a few tax dollars and the Procellariitormes Dense-beaked whale variety of uses for these tax savings are Antillean beaked whale ·as numerous as the families involved. Short-tatled albatross Strap-toothed whale Black petrel Hector's beaked whale Last year I requested an analysis of Westland black petrel Scamperdown whale this proposal from the Economics Divi­ Dark-rumped petrel Bering Sea beaked whale sion of the Library of Congress as well Black-capped petrel Andrew's beaked whale as views from a number of offices in the cahow True's beaked whale Reunion petrel executive branch. These reports are Ginkgo-toothed whale available to any Members who would like Chatham Island petrel Arch-beaked whale New Zealand Cook's petrel Baird's beaked whale to have that information. The Office of Gould's petrel Management and Budget endorsed the Macgtllivray's petrel Pinnlpedia attempt to remove the age limitation. Heinroth's shearwater Laptev walrus However, the total elimination of the sale Hutton's shearwater Kurile harbor seal These marine mammals and birds are price ceiling was rejected by OMB as a Newell's shearwater potential windfall to upper income tax­ Pelecanitormes known to be extinct: Atlantic gray whale payers. The IRS argued that present Galapagos flightless cormorant Steller's sea cow law provides adequately for younger tax­ King shag Jamaican diablotin Christmas Island frigate bird payers changing homes, but that older Guadalupe storm petrel persons need some assistance. Abbott's booby Spectacled cormorant Eastern brown pelican Chatham Island tiako Originally, section 121 of the tax code California brown pelican Aukland Island merganser which is amended by this bill was in­ Charadrllformes Little Barrier Island snipe tended to provide relief for low- and Chatham Island oystercatcher Tahiti sandpiper middle-income taxpayers from a com­ New Zealand shore plover Cooper's sandpiper plex rollover provision while providing Tuamotu sandpiper Great auk no undue benefits to wealthy homeown­ Eskimo curlew They are gone; nothing we do can bring them back. There remains an incredible va­ ers. Another major purpose--which has New Zealand snipe been ignored until this legislation-was Hawatian stU t riety of life in the seas today. But, as you can Black stilt see from this long list, many are in danger. to provide for equity between those who Audouin's gull can purchase a new residence and those Chinese crested tern who, for whatever reason, cannot do so. California least tern Section 121 was adopted in recognition Asian dowitcher THE INTRODUCTION OF THE HOME of the fact that those over 65 often do Nordmann's greenshank SELLERS TAX RELIEF BILL not want to remain in a large house or Fish wish to rent and therefore could not Acipenseriformes benefit from the rollover treatment. This Shortnose sturgeon HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY bill extends these benefits to all because Perciformes we recognize that a variety of reasons OF CONNECTICUT • Totoaba (MacDonald weakfish) exist why a taxpayer may not wish to, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Reptiles or be able to, purchase a new residence. Wednesday, February 2, 1977 For example, the family size may be re­ Testudines duced well before age 65; economic cir­ Loggerhead turtle Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, today I cumstances may change due to loss of a Flatback green turtle am pleased to introduce the home sellers Green turtle job or disability; or, a family may have Hawksblll turtle tax relief bill with bipartisan support to accept a temporary transfer without Atlantic ridley turtle from 15 of my colleagues. Since there the desire to invest in a residence for Pacific ridley turtle will be major tax reforms needed in the that short a period. In view of these Leathery turtle 95th Congress, I am hopeful that this possible constraints on rollover it seems CrocodyUa. proposal will be included in the legisla­ inequitable to impose a limitation in the American crocodile tion that the Ways and Means Commit­ case of a sale and not one in the case of Estuarine crocodile tee reports to the House. a deferral. Research is urgently needed to determine Basically this bill expands the tax ex­ The arguments that have been voiced the condition of the following marine mam­ clusion currently allowed to those over 65 in opposition to this proposal fall into mals, considered by the IUCN to be of "inde­ who have sold their principal residence three general categories: Speculators terminate" status. Many may be endangered. at a pro:fit. First, this exclusion would stand to benefit from this bill, the INDETERMINATE STATUS be extended to any taxpayer who sat­ wealthy will benefit most, and the rev­ Cetacea isfies the other existing provisions with­ enue loss to the Treasury is too great. Pygmy white whale out any age restriction. Second, there Speculators already are able to avoid the Minke whale would no longer be a limitation on the capital gain tax by using the deferral amount of the sales price that could be method and trading up in value. If a per­ • Proposed !or listing: U.S. Department of excluded. I emphasize, however, that any son elected to use this new section, and the Interior. taxpayer who elects to use this provi- assuming that he could meet the quali- February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3469 fications for the exemption, it would be of the most serious problems facing our aggravated, and tragedies such as the his only opportunity to do so. The poten­ Nation today. It is the prime concern of Pruitt-Igoe in St. Louis are produced. tial benefits that would be derived by the 3¥2 million residents of the Nation's It is obvious that conditions cannot re-· millions of families using this exclusion public housing facilities, and threatens main as they are. Though the people who would far outweigh the occasional specu­ the existence of this severely needed live in public housing do not have the lative profit taker. Also, it should be re­ housing which is already burdened by means for providing the extra security membered that this bill does not ease difficult living conditions. that the presence of doormen can bring, the qualifications for those who would In New York City, where there are ap­ it is apparent that we must begin to use the exemption. proximately 596,000 people living in pub­ make use of some of the suggestions for Wealthy individuals as a category will lic housing, the rate of crime rose more making these buildings more secure. not receive a windfall under this pro­ than three times as sharply in public One major suggestion, referred to bY posal. In most cases they already make housing from 1973 to 1974 as it did for Brill Associates, is the controlled en­ use of a variety of tax shelters and other the rest of the city as a whole. In 1976, tranceway-an entranceway that by vir­ investment instruments to avoid paying the 27,687 crimes .in public housing re­ tue of its design, the use of electronic taxes. In addition, the wealthy person fiected one-fourth of the city's total fixtures, and the presence of guards, lim­ has a tendency to buy comparably priced number of crimes. its access· to residents, their guests or or more expensive homes. They have al­ But this is not a problem which only others with a legitimate presence. Closed ready avoided the capital gains tax by affects New Yo.Lk City. William Brill As­ circuit television is a possible means of employing the existing deferral provi­ sociates in Maryland, which under con­ providing surveillance of elevators, and sion of the tax code. Once again, it is a tract to the Department of Housing and two-way audio systems in inner and outer case of the ordinary taxpayer who Urban Development, has completed lobbies would also screen incoming shoulders most of the tax burden having studies on the crime problems in three the least opportunity to benefit from the housing projects across the Nation-Wm. guests. current tax laws. Nickerson, Jr., Gardens in Los Angeles, Other elements for greater safety could In answering the Treasury Depart­ Capper Dwellings in Washington, D.C., include strengthening of existing locks, ment's argument that the Government and the !\(furphy Homes, in Baltimore­ and some means of detecting intruders in might lose an estimated $150 to $250 mil­ found that the rate of victimization for hallways and incinerators which have lion in tax revenues, I would suggest that public housing re-sidents is often as high been cited as danger areas. It is interest­ consideration be given to the additional as 55.6 percent.. Brill Associates also ing to note that the designs of many tax dollars that would be generated by found that there is a very high rate of public housing projects were made with­ the infusion of these tax savings to the multiple victimizations. out regard to the effect that design may economy. The only way that the money The incidents reported to local police have on potential criminal activities. In­ saved by home sellers under this pro­ authorities include all categories of cinerators were placed in dimly lit areas, posal would not benefit the economy and serious crimes against person and prop­ and numerous entrances directly from not generate taxes from other sources erty. The threat of homicide, rape, as­ the street were made available. All such is for the person who used this exemp­ sault, larceny, burglary, and the dangers existing deficiencies should have some tion to hide the money under a mattress inherent in high levels of narcotics traf­ type of monitoring system in order to or bury it in the backyard. We cannot fic are primary concerns for these prevent unwarranted intrusions. make an estimate of taxes generated, tenants. The most important aspect of security but we can use our imaginations to see Though many of us stand in awe of in public housing is the strength of the how widespread would be the potential the huge brick structures which con­ social cohesion among the residents. Ten­ benefits. stitute public housing facilities, these ant patrols and organizations are very The home sellers tax relief bill is not apartment buildings are not as inviola­ effective because the tenants are familiar a revolutionary proposal. It represents a ble as they appear. Statistics show that with other residents, and can recognize realistic approach to some of our social the great number, well over half, of the possible intruders. Tenant escorts armed and economic problems. It could lead to crimes occur within the apartment with walkie-talkies can possibly reduce a more liquid market for existing hous­ building. Particularly dangerous are en­ the number of incidents that occur in ing and possibly help to slow the infla­ trance lobbies a.nd elevators. Stairwells, elevators and stairwells. Tenant patrols tionary price spiral. This is a time for hallways, roofs, and landings are also in New York City have had other bene­ innovation in our economic thinking. I danger areas. During 1976, over 1,300 of ficial results. Residents working together hope that the 95th Congress will recog­ the robberies reported in New York City in some projects have developed build­ nize this need by giving speedy passage occurred in the lol;>bies of public hous­ ings and grounds beautification projects. to the home sellers tax relief bill. ing facilities. But none of these improvements can Mr. Speaker, I am proud to have the Aside from the obvious injuries, this be made with the current financial con­ following Members join me today in high level of crime has produced grave dition of the Nation's public housing au­ sponsoring this proposal: JoHN ANDER­ levels of fear and entrapment which thorities. Tenants themselves do not have soN, of Dlinois; JAMES COLLINS, of Texas; have led to tragically altered patterns of the money. In my own city, which has JoHN DuNCAN, Of Tennessee; MICHAEL behavior. Residents of projects feel that a separate housing authority police force, HARRINGTON, of Massachusetts; JAMES there is more than a 50/50 chance of 10 percent of the force was laid off be­ HOWARD, of New Jersey; HENRY HYDE, of being nurt sometime in the near future. cause of the financial crisis faced by the Illinois; JoHN LAFALCE, Of New York; Parents fear that their children will be­ city. ROBERT LAGOMARSINO, of California; Wrr.­ come the victims of extortion, robbery, To alleviate this problem, I have intro­ LIAM LEHMAN, of Florida; JAMES MARTIN, and assault, and most residents fear the duced legislation to amend the U.S. of North Carolina; DAWSON MATHIS, of danger of moving alone through the Housing Act of 1937 to enable local public Georgia; ROBERT MOLLOHAN, of West project. housing agencies to enter into security Virginia; RoNALD SARASIN, of Connecti­ People restrict their visits to friends arrangements designed to prevent crimes cut; FRANK THOMPSON, of New Jersey. and neighbors, rarely go out, and almost and to insure the safety and well-being of never go shopping at night. A high per­ public housing tenants. The bill would centage of people leave lights, televisions, authorize $70 million for this purpose, ASSISTANCE FOR SAFETY IN PUB­ and radios on to deceive potential thieves. and would provide for two stages of LIC HOUSING SERIOUSLY NEEDED Some have gone so far as to purchase safety arrangements-first, the necessary weapons such as guns, knives, and tear mechanical installations, and second, the gas as a means of protecting themselves important involvement of tenants of HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND these dwellings to protect their homes. OF NEW YORK and their property. The result of these fears is a population hidden behind doors, I believe this bill is important in re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and an increasing sense of the lack of solving one of the serious problems con­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 community which is necessary for keep­ fronting the country's housing authori­ Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, the ing areas livable. Consequently, the de­ ties, and I recommend it to my col- high rate of crime in this country is one terioration of these large complexes is leagues. - ·, 3470 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2, 1977

You DoN'T HAVE To PuT YoUR PARENTS IN A "Most of them don't need to be 1n a nurs­ PARADE MAGAZINE ARTICLE CON­ ing home," Mrs. Walden says. "Usually, all FIRMS NEED FOR EXTENDED NURSING HOME (By Donald Robinson) that's necessary is for someone to come 1n HOME HEALTH CARE and teach them how to take care of them­ ALBUQUERQUE, N. MEx.-Mrs. Stella Nelson, selves. Take an old woman with congestive a lively, 86-year-old widow who lives all alone heart failure. Often, recurrence of a heart in a tiny house here, had a serious accident attack can be prevented just by explaining HON. CLAUDE PEPPER last June. She spilled hot grease on herself what her medicines and diet should be. Most OF FLORIDA while cooking dinner. She suffered a bad elderly, ill people have never learned how IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES burn that necessitated immediate hospitali­ to care for themselves. Their doctors try to zation. tell them, but they get tense in a doctors of­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 Mrs. Nelson had no one to take care of her flee. They don't hear everything the doctor upon release from Presbyterian Hospital. In says. The hospital may try to teach them. Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, it is no most cities, she would have been stuck in a secret that a large proportion of our but it's a strange environment and the in­ nursing home. But Albuquerque has a re­ formation doesn't sink in. It's different when elderly citizens, because of the inade­ markable non-profit organization called Hos­ someone comes right into your home and quacy of long term living alternatives, pital-Home Health Care (HHHC) that helps tells you what to do. It makes sense to you are confined to nursing homes, sick, old people live at home safely, with there." Officials of the U.S. Department of dignity and comfort. Specially trained discharge coordinators Health, Education, and Welfare estimate NEW APPROACH evaluate all patients at five hospitals in the that up to 260,000 elderly patients are HHHC experts were waiting for Mrs. Nelson Albuquerque area and refer those in need of home care to HHHC, whose experts pre­ unnecessarily institutionalized today. at her home. Faye Jones, a nurse, taught her how to change her dressings and came regu­ pare an individualized plan for each patient. The Subcommittee on Health and Long larly to make sure that she was convalescing They schedule regular visits by a nurse to Term Care of the Select Committee well. Other HHHC people got Meals on examine the patient, give needed medical on Aging, which it is my privilege to Wheels, a volunteer group, to bring Mrs. treatments and make sure the patient is tak­ chair, has recommended that vigorous Nelson hot food daily. They arranged with ing medications correctly. They arrange for efforts be undertaken to expand health neighbors to keep an eye on her and run. her physical, respiratory or other therapy at services which are available in the home errands. She was in fine spirits when I vis­ home. They assist the patient to his doctor's office. They handle laboratory tests. Most under medicare. ited her home recently. A brave crusade is in progress throughout important, HHHC sees to it that every patient In an article entitled, "You Don't Have the country today to end one of the ugliest has hot meals and someone to help with the To Put Your Parents in a Nursing scandals in American life: the consignment household chores. Home," which appears in the January 23 to nursing homes of old people who don't SELF-IN J'ECTIONS issue of Parade magazine, the author, want and don't need to be in them. Recently a 75-year-old woman was dis­ Donald Robinson, discusses two hospitals Alexander McMahon, president of the charged from St. Joseph's Hospital, where she in Albuquerque which have_established American Hospital Association, declares:. had been diagnosed as having a serious case a home health care organization, Hospi­ "We've found that in most cases you don't of diabetes. She was very frightened. She have to place your aged parents in a nursing had no one to administer the injections of tal-Home Health Care. According to the home. With a little skilled assistance from a author, "Specially trained discharge co­ insulin. local hospital or some other community orga­ An HHHC nurse went to the woman's house ordinators evaluate all patients at :five nization, the chances are excellent that most and showed her how to give herself insulin hospitals in the Albuquerque area and sick, old people can remain safely and hap­ injections. She watched for hours as the old refer those in need of care to H-HHC, pily at home." woman practiced injecting a hypodermic whose experts prepare an individualized About one million people aged 65 and over syringe into an orange. Then she visited the plan for each patient. They schedule are now confined to nursing homes. Many of woman daily until she was confident that these homes are in shocking condition. In regular visits by a nurse to examine the she could inject the insulin into herself fact, after a nationwide investigation, a U.S. properly. She made sure that the woman patient, give needed medical treatments Senate committee reported that more than and make sure the patient is taking thoroughly understood- her new sugar-free half of the country's 23,000 homes are fright­ diet and the special care she had to give her medications correctly." Moreover, the eningly substandard, "with life-threatening feet and skin. home health care services train fami­ violations." When I saw the woman last fall, her dia­ lies whose sick or elderly parents live Many of these old people don't even belong betes was under control and she was living with them in the home. They teach these in a nursing home. Officials of the U.S. De­ happily in her own home. families how to care for their parents partment of Health, Education and Welfare Unlike hospitals, which have rigid sched­ (HEW) estimate that up to 260,000 elderly without altering their daily routines. ules, HHHC is very flexible with its patients. patients are being "unnecessarily maintained "Suppose an old man likes to sleep late in Not only have the home health care in an institutional environment" today. the morning. Why on earth should we barge services in Albuquerque helped to nur­ The trust is that most old persons dread into his home at 7 a.m.?" Mrs. Walden says. ture a sense of self-reliance in the elder­ the thought of a nursing home. It means HHHC puts great effort into training fami­ ly and to provide an alternative to in­ "the end of the road" to them. Not long ago, lies who have sick, old parents living with stitutionalization, but there have been a cross section of old people in Florida was them. Many of these families don't realize questioned, and 80 percent wanted to pass that home care services are available. In cost benfits as well. According to Pa­ the rest of their lives in their own homes. rade, "H-HHC saves U.S. taxpayers a desperation, they send their parents to nurs­ VAST SAVING fortune." Judy Walden, a registered ing homes. FIT INTO ROUTINE nurse, points out that the cost involved U.S: Senate experts say that the develop­ ment of adequate home health care programs HHHC teaches them how to care for a par­ in nursing homes in Albuquerque ranges could prevent or postpone the institution­ ent without disrupting their own family life. from $21 to $35 a day. These home alization of as many as 2.5 m1Uion old peo­ "You shouldn't have to spend all your wak­ health services generally are about $18 ple. It could save the taxpayers hundreds of ing hours with a sick parent," Mrs. Walden per visit and usually continue for only a millions of dollars a year. declares. "We teach families how to fit an few months. Two top hospitals in Albuquerque have re­ old person's schedule into their ordinary sponded boldly to this challenge. St. Joseph's routine." Legislation I have introduced, H.R. Hospital and the Presbyterian Hospital Cen­ proposes extensive revisions in the To date, HHHC has seen 3000 patients. 1116, ter have teamed up to establish an excep­ Most of the visits were paid for by Medicare medicare law to liberalize coverage for tional home health care organization which or Medicaid. Under government regulations. more home health care visits, expansion goes anywhere within a 40-mlle radius of HHHC can make 200 home care visits to any of the kinds of services included in home the city. It has a staff of 27 registered nurses, patient who qualifies under Medicare. health care, and provision for outpatient practical nurses, nurses' aides, physical ther­ According to Mrs. Walden, HHHC saves U.S. medical services. apists, medical social workers and home taxpayers a fortune. She points out that Al- health technicians. The organization, the buquerque nursing homes cost from $21 to Home health care services represent a HHHC, is headed by Judy Walden, a warm­ $35 a day, whereas HHHC charges $18 a visit feasible alternative to unnecessary in- hearted R.N. and averages no more than one or two a week stitutionalization, and they enable the The vast majority of HHHC patients are for only a few months. elderly to maintain their independence old people who have been hospitalized for St. Vincent's Hospital in New York City and be productive members of society. heart disease, strokes, diabetes and other has an outstanding home care program for to conditions that will probably plague them the elderly, too. It concentrates on the "hid­ Mr. Speaker, I commend this article for the rest of their lives. They have nobody den people" in the seedv sections of Green­ to the attention of my colleagues: at home able or willing to care for them. wich Village and Chelsea. These are the February 2, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3471

thousands of impoverished old people who PROBLEM FOR CARTER To date, the following 49 members live alone in grubby tenements and welfare The question of home care for old people have cosponsored this bill to establish a hotels. They have outlived or been aban­ is likely to be a hot issue for the Carter Ad­ task force on real property taxation: doned by their families and friends. Most of ministration. A bitter controversy raging them are near starvation and very sick, but Mr. Baucus of Montana. across the United States today over how ex­ Mr. Breckinridge of Kentucky. • they are too disabled, frightened and con­ tensive home heoalth care services should be, fused to seek help. Mr. Burke of Florida. should pay for them. Mrs. Burke of California. CV PROGRAM In the past, the federal government has Mr. John L. Burton of California. Dr. Philip W. Brickner, director of com­ neglected the field. In 1975, barely one per­ Mr. Byron of Maryland. munity medicine at St. Vincent's, has orga­ cent of Medicare's $14.1 billion expenditure Mr. Cederberg of Michigan. nized several skilled teams to search out went for home health care. Mr. Conte of Massachusetts. these people. It is known as the Chelsea­ Federal laws covering home health care Mr. de Lugo of the Virgin Islands. Village Program (CV). are a crazy quilt. "The home health care sys­ Mr. Derwinski of lllinois. The CV staff is in close contact with police tem is a non-system," says Michael Rappa­ Mr. Dodd of Connecticut. statlonhouses, churches, community agencies port, an HEW expert. "We have all so\-ts of Mr. Downey of New York. and political clubhouses in its area. It is in laws dealing with home health care and they Mr. Duncan of Tennessee. touch with welfare hotel managers and don't fit into any kind of integrated whole." Mr. Eilberg of Pennsylvania. building superintendents. As soon as it hears Blue Cross regulations can be as bewilder­ Mrs. Fenwick of New Jersey. of an old person in need of home care, it dis­ ing. Fifty-four Blue Cross plans offer some Mr. Fish of New York. patches a physician, a nurse, a social worker home health care benefits, but 23 give none Mr. Hannaford of California. and a driver who is a trained electrocardio­ at all. Mr. Harrington of Massachusetts. graph technician. Complicating the situation is the inVMion Mr. Hawkins of California. It's a tough assignment. Most "hidden peo­ of the field by commercial companies that Mr. LaFalce of New York. ple" are suspicious. They fear that the visit provide home health care at a profit. Many Mr. Lagomarsino of california. by a CV team is a ruse to shanghai them into experts fear a repetition of the nursing home Mr. Lent of New York. a nursing home. scandals. A federal law requires that these Mr: McHugh of New York. One 82-year-old woman was found in a companies be licensed, but an intensive drive Mr. Mann of South Carolina. shabby welfare hotel in a cell-like cubicle. has been launched to get its provisions re­ Mr. Mathis of Georgia. Her only furniture was a bed and a chair. The pealed. Mrs. Meyner of New Jersey. CV team determined that she had congestive A variety of new legislation has been sug­ Ms. Milkulski of Maryland. heart failure, anemia and scurvy. She was gested to implement some of the superb new Mr. Murtha of Pennsylvania. lice-ridden and suffering badly from malnu­ programs. One bill would provide funds for Mr. Nix of Pennsylvania. trition. All she got to eat was some rice pud­ unlimited home visits by doctors, nurses and Mr. O'Brien of Tilinois. ding and coffee purchased for her by another homemakers. Mr. Ottinger of New York. resident of the hotel. NEW HEW ATTITUDE Mr. Pattison of New York. The CV team had to visit the woman 12 After years of indifference, HEW is now Mr. Price of Tilinois. times before she would agree to go into St. strongly in favor of home health care. "No Mr. Purcell of Michigan. Vincent's Hospital for treatment. She was matter how good it is, a nursing home can­ Mr. Rinaldo of New Jersey. discharged after her condition was stabilized, not substitute for a home environment," Dr. Mr. Rodino of New Jersey. but she insisted on returning to her lice Faye G. Abdellah, direc~r of HEW's Office of Mr. Roe of New Jersey. infested room. It was a year before the CV Long Term Care, declares. Mr. Scheuer of New York. team could move her to a YWCA where she What can you do if you are in need of home Mr. Simon of Tillnois. could get hot food and companionship. health care services for yourself or a mem­ Mrs. Spellman of Maryland. "It's like that most of the time," Dr. Brick­ ber of your family? Inquire of HEW. It can Mr. Steers of Maryland. ner says. tell you what benefits you're entitled to and Mr. Stokes of Ohio. The CV teams provide the "hidden people" where to ture for help in your community. Mr. Walgren of Pennsylvania. with a full range of health services, from Write: Dr. Faye G. Abdellah, Department of Mr. Walsh of New York. electrocardiographs to blood tests. If need Health, Education and Welfare, Room 17B07, Mr. Weaver of Oregon. be, they call in specialists at St. Vincent's for 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Md. 20852. Mr. Charles H. Wilson of California. consultations. Mr. Wollf of New York. CV doesn't charge its old patients a penny, Mr. Won Pat of Guam. nor does it bill Medicare or Medicaid. Its Mr. Zeferetti of New York. activities are largely underwritten by the A TASK FORCE TO STUDY REAL A complete text of this legislation, to­ United Hospital Fund of New York City. Dur­ PROPERTY TAXES. gether with my remarks, is located in ing its first 3 Y2 years, 2900 home visits were the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Of January 6, made. 1977, on pages 392-393, I welcome the 70 WHO STAYED HOME HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN support of all my colleagues on this legis­ CV statisticians analyzed the cases of 70 OF NEW YORK sick, old people who were sure candidates for lation that so vitally atiects all of our a nursing home. It was estimated that CV IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES congressional districts. saved the taxpayers $500,000 a year by main­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 taining them in their own homes. Mr. Gll.aM.AN. Mr. Speaker, last month A number of other impressive programs for helping sick, old people are underway to­ I introduced H.R. 1485, a measure co­ PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM day. The Los Angeles County-University of sponsored by 19 of my colleagues that Southern California Medical Center has as­ would establish a task force on the taxa­ signed 80 physicians to make house calls on tion of real property by State and local HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM a 24-hour-a-day basis to 500 chronically ill governments to study and evaluate ways OF CALIFORNIA patients. St. Anthony Hospital in Chicago to help State and local governments IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has rented one-room apartments in two low­ reduce their dependence on real prop­ income housing projects and opened mini­ erty taxation, to find alternative reve­ Wednesday, February 2, 1977 clinics for their aged residents. No patient nues to support schools, social service Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, one of sees a bill. the most serious shortcomings of public In Baltimore, the Le"indale Hebrew Geri­ programs, public work projects, fire and atric Center and Hospital has an excellent police protection and other costly gov­ works programs as an antidote to unem­ day-care program. Tlle center provides old ernmental programs demanded by the ployment is the difficulty of determining people with meals, baths, group counseling, public, and to help alleviate the crush­ where aid should go. In my view, this is arts and crafts and physical therapy. ing real property tax burdens on low, a particularly serious objection to meas­ The Minneapolis Age and Opportunity middle, and fixed income taxpayers who ures such as those proposed in H.R. 11, Center has the biggest and one of the most are more than paying their fair share of the Public Works Acceleration Act. innovative programs in the country. With taxes for these services. There are many good claims for aid the cooperation of Abbott-Northwestern Hos­ Subsequent to the introduction of H.R. from widely differing communities; how pital, it gives senior citizens medical care at their homes, its central clinic and 10 mini­ 1485, many colleagues expressed an in­ can we decide which claim is the strong­ clinics. It also provides meals, handyman terest in this proposal. Accotdingly, Mr. est? Are we to put the need of a commu­ services, legal services and personal counsel­ Speaker, today I am reintroducing this nity with a high unemployment rate ing. At any one time, it has as many as 33,000 measure which is cosponsored by 30 col­ above that with a community with a de­ people on ltf! rolls. leagues. clining industrial base, such that it faces CXXIII--219-Part 3 3472 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 3, 1977 almost total unemployment in the near won, in the si1c suits filed in four states to that he is "entirely satisfied that what we future? Is a small community with a high date. The most recent victory \vas the refusal have accomplished in an absolutely fair and unemployment rate deserving of the of a federal judge in Boston Thursday to objective system." grant a restraining order requested by 13 The formula weighs unemployment rates, same aid as a large community with a Massachusetts cities to block the disburse­ number of unemployed, per capita income lower unemployment rate? Questions ment of $52 million to 33 other communities and other factors in ranking communities such as these abound. in the state. to receive grants. "Benchmarks" were added The operation of the present public In complaints similar to those filed in New to the formula to limit the amount awarded works impact program has suffered from York, New Jersey, and Michigan, the Mas­ to large cities such as Boston and to metro­ these problems. The Department of Com­ sachusetts cities left out of the program politan regions. merce, in its "Final Report: An Evalua­ charge that the formula used by the EDA Eden claimed that the unemployment in tion of the Public Works Impact Pro­ favors small towns where unemployment the communities receiving the grants aver­ rates are technically high but the number of aged 12.3 per cent. The national rate for gram,'' estimated that fully 18 percent persons out of work is low. They say this December, 1976, was 7.8 per cent. of the areas designated for assistance in goes 4gainst the congressional mandate to The formula was an experimental one cre­ fiscal year 1973 had unemployment rates create jobs in econolnically hard-hit areas. ated on a tight time schedule. The money less than the national average. In 1972, "It looked like a Utopia in the beginning was appropriated by Congress Oct. 1, more 25 percent of the areas given aid were and ended up as a disaster," said Quincy than 25,000 applications were received by better off than the average for the Mayor Joseph A. LaRaia, a leader in the suit. Dec. 9, and almost 2,000 grants were awarded Nation. ·"It started out as a political decision and Dec. 23, all of which are scheduled to begin ended as a political decision," he charged, construction by April. It is only natural that when commu­ referring first to the congressional override The EDA opened itself to the suits by nities are faced with this kind of dis­ of President Ford's veto of the jobs bill last ranking the applications by how much the crepancy-which is unavoidable because summer, and then to the predolninantly Re­ communities deserved the money, Eden said, of the magnitude oi the task-they air publican nature of many of the sinall towns putting little weight on what kind of proj­ their grievances in the media and in the in Massachusetts that won the public works ect the money was going for. courts. I commend to the attention of awards. In denying the restraining order, U.S. Dis­ Quincy, for instance, is an industrial city trict Court Judge Frank J. Murray ruled that my colleagues an article on this subject it was not warranted because the suit had which appeared on January 30 in the of 80,000 that suffers 8.6 per cent unemploy­ ment, or 3,560 people out of work, according little chance to succeed and because block­ Washington Post, and which I think re­ to city officials. It received nothing from EDA. ing the funds would cause "monumental veals only the tip of the iceberg as far harm" to unemployed persons, regardless of as these complaints are concerned: The population of Upton is only about where they live. 3,500, but it has a 19 per cent unemployment The U.S. District Court in Grand Rapids, MUNICIPAL "HAVE-NOTS" WAGING LOSING rate. It received $1.6 Inillion. BATI'LE AGAINST Am PLAN Mich., had granted a similar requested re­ Perhaps the most unusual case concerns straining order earlier this month, but Mon­ (By Edward Schumacher) the Mississippi village of Mound Bayou, popu­ day canceled the order and denied a motion QUINCY, MAss.-Ever since the Economic lation 2,400, which received $4.9 Inillion, or for a preliminary injunction. A restraining Development Administration unveiled its ex­ almost half of that state's total allotment. order usually lasts a matter of days until perimental formula in awarding $2 billion in John Eden, outgoing assistant secretary of an injunction hearing, while the preliminary public works funds to lucky communities commerce and head .of the EDA, said the injunction usually lasts until after the suit two days before Christmas, the EDA has been grant was an error and that the EDA is ne­ is decided. weathering suits from some of the unlucky gotiating with the town fathers to reduce Here and in four of the other cases, the communities. the grant. requests for preliminary injunctions are The EDA at the moment is Winning, or has Other than that case, however, Eden said still pending.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, February 3, 1977 The House met at 11 o'clock a.m. With this gratitude and confession, Service, and this most recent confidence make out of these assembled persons placed in him by President Carter, serves statesmen of constructive wisdom shap­ to demonstrate the outstanding quality DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO ing the poiicies of our Nation. of his contributions to our country. He TEMPORE May righteousness be victorious. Amen. has broken down many of the barriers The SPEAKER pro tempore