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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0289250 A1 Bazzani Et Al

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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0289250 A1 Bazzani Et Al US 200802892.50A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0289250 A1 Bazzani et al. (43) Pub. Date: Nov. 27, 2008 (54) FUEL COMPOSITION (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (75) Inventors: Roberto Vittorio Bazzani, Staines N.Y. E. E. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 96.3 S.GB); Paul partistB tt Butlar Oct.a. 14,s 1998u. -- - Y - (GB)w Yu 1 ...................................- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9822277.1 g ... s Mar. 26, 1999 (GB) ....................... PCT/GB99/00959 Chicago, IL (US), Alisdair Jun. 11, 1999 (GB) ................................... 99.13650.9 Quentin Clark, Aldershot (GB); Sep. 23, 1999 (GB). 9922.549.2 John Hardy Cooper, Gerrards Sep. 23, 1999 (GB). 9922552.6 Cross (GB); Phillip Howard, Kirk Sep. 23, 1999 (GB) ... ... 9922553.4 Ella (GB); Anthony George Mar. 23, 2000 (GB) ................................... OOO7095.3 William Parker, Hook (GB) O O Publication Classification Correspondence Address: (51) Int. Cl. NIXON & VANDERHYE, PC CIOL I/00 (2006.01) 901 NORTH GLEBE ROAD, 11TH FLOOR (52) U.S. Cl. .......................................................... 44/436 ARLINGTON, VA 22203 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: BP Oil International Limited, Unleaded blend compositions, as well as formulated gaso London (GB) lines containing them have a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising either: (21) Appl. No.: 12/219,309 (i) component (a) at least 5% (by volume of the total compo sition) of at least one hydrocarbon having the following (22) Filed: Jul.18, 2008 formula I Related U.S. Application Data wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, especially triptane, or (63) Continuation of application No. 10/324,133, filed on (ii) at least 2% of component (a"), which is at least one Dec. 20, 2002, which is a continuation-in-part of appli branched chain alkane of MON value of at least 90 and of cation No. 09/592,856, filed on Jun. 12, 2000, now boiling point 15-160° C. or a substantially aliphatic hydro abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of applica carbon refinery stream, of MON value of at least 85, at least tion No. 09/796,745, filed on Mar. 2, 2001, now aban 70% in total of said stream being branched chain alkanes, doned, which is a continuation-in-part of application said stream being obtainable or obtained by distillation No. 09/721,751, filed on Nov. 27, 2000, now aban from a refinery material as a cut having Initial Boiling Point doned, which is a continuation of application No. of at least 15° C. and Final Boiling Point of at most 160°C., 09/662,789, filed on Sep. 15, 2000, now abandoned, said Boiling Points being measured according to which is a continuation of application No. 09/313,643, ASTMD2892, or filed on May 18, 1999, now abandoned, which is a (iii) at least 10% of component (a"), which is at least one continuation-in-part of application No. 09/276,685, branched chain alkane of 8-12 carbons with at least 4 filed on Mar. 26, 1999, now abandoned, which is a methyl or ethyl branches continuation-in-part of application No. PCT/GB97/ The components (a), (a") and (a") give rise to reduced emis 03084, filed on Nov. 11, 1996. sions to the composition or gasoline on combustion. US 2008/02892.50 A1 Nov. 27, 2008 FUEL COMPOSITION pounds can boost the motor octane number of unleaded motor gasoline sufficiently high enough to achieve the desired value but they do not boost the motor octane number of an unleaded 0001. This invention relates to a fuel composition, in par aviation gasoline Sufficiently high enough to ensure satisfac ticular a gasoline composition for use in motor vehicles or for tory performance or suffer from other significant technical use in aircraft. limitations. 0002. If a gasoline engine is run on a fuel which has an 0008 U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,358 describes the use of aro octane number lower than the minimum requirement for the matic amines to boost the motor octane number of unleaded engine, knocking will occur. Straight run gasoline has a low aviation gasoline to at least 98 but many aromatic amines are motor octane number but may be boosted to the required known to be toxic. They have high boiling points, no Super motor octane number of 82-88 for automotive use by the charge properties and high freezing points; they are also addition of octane boosters such as tetraethyl lead either alone prone to produce gums. or with refinery components such as reformate, alkylate, 0009. There remains a need for an unleaded aviation gaso cracked spirit or chemical streams such as toluene, Xylene, line of sufficiently high octane number suitable for use in methyl tertiary butyl ether or ethanol. piston driven aircraft 0003 For many years manufacturers of spark ignition 0010 Part (a) of the present invention provides an combustion engines have been striving for higher efficiency unleaded blend composition, particularly for automobile use to make optimum use of the hydrocarbon fuels. But such having a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 com engines require gasolines of higher octane number, which has prising component (a) at least 5% or preferably at least 8 or been achieved in particular by addition of organo lead addi 10% (by volume of the total composition) of at least one tives, and latterly with the advent of unleaded gasolines, by hydrocarbon having the following formula I addition of MTBE. But combustion of any gasoline gives rise to emissions in the exhaust gases, e.g. of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and toxic hydrocar wherein R is hydrogen or methyl bons and Such emissions are undesirable. and component (b) at least one Saturated liquid aliphatic 0004 For clarity, the present invention is described in hydrocarbon having 4 to 12, 4-10 such as 5-10 e.g. 5-8 carbon three parts, (a), (b) and (c). The description and examples for atoms. In another embodiment component (b) is contained in each part relate to that part of the invention. Hence the at least one of isomerate, alkylate, straight run gasoline, light description under part (a) relates to part (a) of the invention, reformate, light hydrocrackate and aviation alkylate. Prefer and the examples of part (a) exemplify part (a) of the present ably the composition comprises at least one of an olefin (e.g. invention. Similarly, the description under part (b) relates to in amount of 1-30%) and/or at least one aromatic hydrocar part (b) of the present invention, and the examples of part (b) bon (e.g. in amount of 1-50%, especially 3-28%) and/or less exemplify part (b) of the present invention, and the descrip than 5% of benzene. The composition may preferably com tion under part (c) relates to part (c) of the present invention, prise 10-40% triptane, less than 5% benzene and have a Reid and the examples of part (c) exemplify part (c) of the present Vapour Pressure at 37.8° C. measured according to 1, invention. ASTMD323 of 30-120 kPa. This composition of part (a) of the invention is usually an unleaded motor gasoline base Part (a) blend composition. 0005 Motor gasolines have been discovered having high 0011 Part (a) of the present invention also provides an Octane Number but producing low emissions on combustion. unleaded formulated motor gasoline which comprises said 0006 Aircraft piston-driven engines operate under base composition and at least one motor gasoline additive. extreme conditions to deliver the desired power e.g. high 0012. According to part (a) of the present invention there compression ratios. Due to the severity of the conditions e.g. is provided an unleaded composition, (especially for use in with turbo charging or Super charging the engine, aviation aviation fuel) having a Motor Octane Number of at least 98. piston-driven engines require fuel of a minimum octane level and usually a final Boiling Point of less than 170° C., and higher than that for automotive internal combustion gasoline preferably a Reid Vapour Pressure at 37.8° C. of between engines, in particular at least 98-100. The base fuel of an 38-60 kPascals, aviation gasoline has a motor octane number of 90-93. To which comprises: boost the motor octane number sufficiently to the required component (a) at least one hydrocarbon of formula I and level, tetraethyl lead is added to the aviation base fuel. The component (b) at least one saturated liquid aliphatic hydro fuel may contain the organolead and also other octane boost carbon having 4 to 10 in particular 5 or 6 carbon atoms ers. Such as those described above. Industrial and Engineering optionally with at least one other saturated liquid aliphatic Chemistry Vol. 36 No. 12 p 1079-1084 dated 1944 describes hydrocarbon having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms wherein at the use of triptane (2,2,3-trimethylbutane) in combination least 20% or at least 30% by volume of the total composition with tetraethyl lead in aviation gasoline. However, the pres is a hydrocarbon of formula I. Part (a) of the present invention ence of tetraethyl lead is the key to achieving high octane also provides an unleaded aviation fuel having a Motor quality in aviation gasolines. Octane Number of at least 98, and having a final boiling point 0007. In modern day formulations tetraethyl lead is of less than 170° C. which comprises: always used to boost the octane quality of the aviation gaso component (a) comprising at least one hydrocarbon of for line to the desired level. However due to environmental con mula I cerns of the effect of lead and its compounds attempts are and component (b) at least one Saturated liquid aliphatic being made to find an alternative to the use of tetraethyl lead hydrocarbon having 5 or 6 carbon atoms in aviation gasoline.
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