Acculturation of Macedonian Immigrants in the United States (253 Pp.)
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MALINAJDOVSKA, LJUBICA, Ph.D., December 2006 ADULT COUNSELING, HEALTH, AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION THE ACCULTURATION OF MACEDONIAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES (253 PP.) Co-Directors of Dissertation: Marty Jencius, Ph.D. Jason McGlothlin, Ph.D. The purpose in conducting this research was to examine the acculturation of separated Macedonian immigrants in the United States, attitudes towards mental health services, and perceptions about seeking help. The participants in the study were 6 Macedonian male, immigrants between the ages of 45 and 65. The results of study demonstrated that these participants had preserved their culture, maintained a strong Macedonian ethnic identity, and felt a sense of accomplishment and success. The results suggested that the participants were reluctant to seek out mental health services from mental health professionals. They preferred to seek out help from God, family, close friends, or a medical doctor. The act of seeking help was perceived as monetary, physical, and short term. These results have implications for both counselor educators and counseling practitioners. THE ACCULTURATION OF MACEDONIAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES A dissertation submitted to the Kent State University College and Graduate School of Education, Health, and Human Services in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Ljubica Blaze Malinajdovska December 2006 © Copyright by Ljubica Blaze Malinajdovska 2006 All Rights Reserved ii A dissertation written by Ljubica Blaze Malinajdovska B.A., Kent State University, 1997 M. Ed., Kent State University, 2001 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2006 Approved by ______________________________________, Director, Doctoral Dissertation Martin Jencius Committee ______________________________________, Co-Director, Doctoral Dissertation Jason McGlothlin Committee ______________________________________, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Kenneth Cushner Committee Accepted by ______________________________________, Chairperson, Adult Counseling, Health, Donald Bubenzer and Vocational Education ______________________________________, Dean, Graduate School of Education, David England Health, and Human Services iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge all of the people that supported me during the completion of my doctoral work. First, I want to thank the six men that agreed to participate in this research. I thank them for their willingness to share their experiences and insights. I am grateful for having an outstanding doctoral committee and wish to thank my two co-advisors, Dr. Marty Jencius and Dr. Jason McGlothlin, for generously giving their time and expertise. I thank them for their guidance and encouragement. I would like to thank Dr. Kenneth Cushner for his great support. I especially want to thank my advisor, Dr. Marty Jencius, for being an exceptional mentor, and for the many valuable discussions that helped me understand my research from various perspectives. Most importantly, none of this would have been possible without the love and patience of my family and friends. They have been a constant source of love, support, and strength all these years. I acknowledge, appreciate, and return the love and support of my family and friends. Finally, I want to dedicate this research to the loving memory of my grandfather, Spiro Malinajdovski. I have had the great fortune of benefiting from his wisdom. He will always be instrumental in my endeavors. It is because of him I aspired to be an educator. He instilled in me the desire to work hard and achieve my dreams. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1 Statement of the Problem........................................................................................ 3 Significance of Study.............................................................................................. 4 Purpose.................................................................................................................... 5 Research Questions................................................................................................. 6 Definition of Terms................................................................................................. 7 Literature Review.................................................................................................... 8 History of Multicultural Counseling................................................................ 10 Multicultural Counseling in the 1970s........................................................ 12 Multicultural Counseling in the 1980s and 1990s....................................... 13 Current Issues in Multicultural Counseling ................................................ 17 Future of Multicultural Counseling............................................................. 21 Acculturation.................................................................................................... 21 History of Acculturation.............................................................................. 21 Acculturation Studies .................................................................................. 25 Acculturation Models.................................................................................. 29 v History of Immigration .................................................................................... 32 Special Considerations ................................................................................ 35 Macedonian Culture......................................................................................... 37 History......................................................................................................... 37 Culture and Traditions................................................................................. 41 Religion ....................................................................................................... 42 The Separated Macedonian ......................................................................... 43 Summary............................................................................................................... 44 II. METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................46 Qualitative Orientation.......................................................................................... 46 Research Design.................................................................................................... 49 Participants............................................................................................................ 50 Measures .......................................................................................................... 50 Demographic Questionnaire........................................................................ 50 Interviews.................................................................................................... 51 Interview Questions..................................................................................... 52 Procedures............................................................................................................. 52 Data Analysis........................................................................................................ 55 Triangulation.................................................................................................... 56 Peer Review/Member Checks.......................................................................... 56 III. DATA ANALYSIS......................................................................................................58 Peer Review .......................................................................................................... 58 vi Case of Borche ................................................................................................. 61 Borche: Demographic and Background Information .................................. 61 Interview Summary ..................................................................................... 61 Case of Slave.................................................................................................... 62 Slave: Demographic and Background Information..................................... 62 Interview Summary ..................................................................................... 62 Case of Mitko................................................................................................... 63 Mitko: Demographic and Background Information.................................... 63 Interview Summary ..................................................................................... 63 Case of Deme ................................................................................................... 64 Deme: Demographic and Background Information .................................... 64 Interview Summary ..................................................................................... 64 Case of Vlade ................................................................................................... 65 Vlade: Demographic and Background Information .................................... 65 Interview Summary ..................................................................................... 65 Case of Spiro...................................................................................................