Rental Book of the Cistercian Abbey of Cupar-Angus. with the Breviary Of
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<^^ O 't:i-j^: <^03S 3>^ EENTAL BOOK CISTERCIAN ABBEY CUP AE- ANGUS, KEINBTTRCH : PRINTED BV M'FABLANK ANDERSKINE, ST JAMES SQUARE. r^ 1* n o o GQ J ? Z bi tC u. O N g o o o D. RENTAL BOOK OF THE CISTERCIAN ABBEY OF OUPAR-ANGUS WITH THE BREVIARY OF THE REGISTER EDITED BY THE EEV. CHAELES EOGERS, LL.D. FELLOW OF THE ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY, FELLOW OF THE SOCIETY OF AXTIQrARIES OF SCOTLAND FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NORTHERN ANTIQUARIES, COPENHAGEN ; FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOITH WALES, ASSOCIATE OF THE IMPERIAL ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY OF RUSSIA, MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF QUEBEC, MEMBER OP THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE RHODE ISLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY, AND CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF NEW ENGLAND Vol.. T. .^'^ LONDON PRINTED FOE THE GRAMPIAN CLUB 1879 EREATUM. Page xviii., line 28, /or "1276" read CONTENTS. PREFACE, V HISTORICAL NOTICES OF THE ABBOTS OF CUPAR, ... 1 RENTAL BOOK, 118 BREVIARIUM ANTIQUI REGISTRI MONASTERII DE CUPRO IN ANEGUS, 319 APPENDIX : I. RENTAL OF THE ABBEY LANDS, . , 352 II. INVENTORY OF JEWELS FOUND IN THE ABBEY BY EDWARD I IN 1296, ETC., ....... 364 III. JAMES ELPHINSTONE, LORD COUPAR, . , 367 GLOSSARY, 369 PREFACE. Two places in Scotland are designated Cupar—one a royal burgli and the capital of Fifeshire ; the other a town in Angus or Forfarshire, resting on the eastern border of Perthshire, and the site of an important abbey. To etymologists the name is a puzzle. In his " Memorials of Angus and Mearns," Mr Jervise remarks that it may be derived from the Gaelic Cid-hhar, the back or end of a height or bank. " If a Gaelic derivation is to be preferred," our correspon- dent, Dr Charles Mackay, suggests that " the name may have come from cohhair, a sanctuary or place of monkish retirement." But Dr Mackay, Professor Ehys, Dr W. F. Skene, and Dr Thomas M'Lauchlan are all disposed to think that the name is not Celtic. It has been suggested that as David I. and his royal successors brought into Scotland traders from the Low Countries, the name may be derived from the Flemish coper, signifying one who exchanges com- modities. And in a recent publication there is a list of religious houses in Great Britain that, in the thirteenth century, sent wool to Flanders, in which ; Vl PREFACE. is entered " Ciipre," its wool being denoted or valued at ''xxxv. Ib."^ The early spelling, Cuhre and Cupre, might suggest a derivation in the vernacular coo lyre, pointing to cow-houses and rich pasturage. But an etymon yet to be named is perhaps the true one. The famous Cuthbert, monk of Melrose and Lindis- farne, a saint of the seventh century, had in Scotland twenty-three churches consecrated to or associated with his name."^ One of his churches in Cornwall, overlooking the Bristol Channel, is designated Cuhert, differing but slightly from an early form of Cupar. The site of a church named in honour of a saint con- nected with his own monastery might have suggested to Waltheve, Abbot of Melrose/ King Malcolm's adviser, the appropriateness of its neighbourhood as the site of a religious edifice. Cupar Abbey was founded by King Malcolm IV., surnamed the Maiden. The ceremonial took place on Sunday, the 12th July 1164. Dedicated to the Virgin, the abbey was planted with Bernardines, or monks of the Cistercian order. These following the rule of St Benedict, wore white dresses, with a black ^ From the Archives of Douai—Registre L., fol. 44 ; Registre MM., fol. 43 cited in " Histoire des Relations Diplomatiques entre le Comte de Flandre et I'Angleterre au Moyen Age," par M. Eniile VarenLergh. Bruxelles, 1874. 8vo. Pp. 152, 214. 2 Kalendars of Scottish Saints, by Alexander Penrose Forbes, D.C.L., Bishop of Brechin. Edinb. 1872. 4to. Pp. 317-319. ^ Joannis de Fordun Scotichronicon : e codicibns MSS. edituni cum notis et variantibus lectionibus, cura Walteri Goodall. Edinb. fol. 1795, vol. i., lib. vi., cap. xxxii., p. 348, and lib. vii., cap. vii., p. 453. PEEFACE. VU cowl and scapular. By Wyntoun the act of founda- tion is thus chronicled : " A thousand a hundyre and sexty yliere And fowre till thai till I'ekyne clere, Malcolme Kyng off Scotland, And pesybly in it rignand, The ellevynd yhere off his crowne Mad the fundatyowne Off the Abbay off Culpyre in Angws, And dowyt it wyth hys almws. All lyk to Cystwys in habyt, "We oys to call tharae mwnkys qwhyt." ^ Of the thirteen Cistercian monasteries or abbeys which, prior to the Reformation, existed in Scotland, Cupar was sixth in the order of construction. The five earlier foundations belonged to the reign of the saintly David I. —Melrose, Newbattle, Dundrennan, Holmcultrum, and Kinloss being reared from 1136 to 1152. The Cistercian abbeys erected afterwards were Saddell, Culross, Deer, Mauchline, Balmerinoch, and Sweetheart. There were besides thirteen nun- neries connected with the order. The early history of Cupar Abbey is chiefly derived from the abbreviated Register, of which the first portion only has been discovered. In the present volume it is printed from a transcript by Sir James Balfour, preserved in the Advocates Library. Ac- cording to Mr Cosmo Innes, the original of this fragment is in the library at Panmure.- 1 Androw of Wyntoun's Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland, bk. vii., ch. vii., fol. 170, 1465-1474. Edinb. 1872. 2 Originales Parocbiales Scotioe-, 1850, i., preface xxxiii. In the Breviary are named two charters of Mal- cohn IV., "given at Traquair." In the former he confirms to the abbey all his lands at Cupar; in the latter he bestows on the monks coal and certain privileges in the royal forests. From Malcolm's brother and successor, William the Lion, the abbey received lands and immunities. In a charter issued at Eoxburgh, he confirmed to the monks the grants made by his predecessor. As a site for the abbey he gave half a carucate of land (about fifty acres), also the king's chase and a portion of waste land. For endowment he, in two charters granted at Perth, bestowed the lands of Aber- bothry and Keithock. At Edinburgh he issued to the abbey a charter of the lands of Parthesin (Persie), excepting that portion on the south side of the Ferdil (Ardle) stream, opposite to Clonyn (Cluny), which he reserved for his own use. By a charter at Kin- ross he granted to the abbey two ploughgates of land in the district of Eethrife (Rattray), and in a charter at Forfar the marsh of Blair or Blairgowrie. This latter territory was under a royal precept conveyed to the monks by certain commissioners, including Earl Duncan, royal justiciary; Hugh of Kaledon; Roger of Mortuomari (Mortimer) ; Macbeth, judge of Gowrie; and Duncan, son of Donald. By a charter issued at Jedburgh, William exempted the monks of Cupar from all tolls, market and ferry imposts, and other customs, and gave them power to buy and sell throughout the kingdom. In two charters, dated at Perth, he liberated them from all secular exactions, and empowered them to search for goods stolen from them. In charters issued at Edin- burgh and Charleston, he made provision that all persons indebted to the abbey should promptly make payment on pain of forfeiture, while, under a like penalty, all were prohibited from distraining for debt any member of the institution. William of Hay, who succeeded his father about the year 1170, received from William the Lion the manor of Errol, in the Carse of Gowrie; he soon afterwards granted to the monks of Cupar the lands of Ederpoles (Lederpoles), for the weal of the souls of King Malcolm and of his sovereign lord. King William ; likewise for the weal of his own soul and the souls of his father and mother, and of his uncle. Sir Ranulph de Sules (Souhs). His donative is con- firmed by royal charter. For the repose of the souls of King William, and of his own father, Wilham of Hay, and Ethnia, his father's spouse, and of the soul of Eva, his wife, Sir David of Hay, eldest son of Wilham of Hay, granted to the abbey a net's fishing on the river Tay, between Lornie and the Hermitage. In the transcript of this charter, preserved at Panmure,^ the Hermitage is described as formerly occupied by a hermit named Gillemichel, ^ Panmure Collections, MS., iv. 121, 122, quoted in Jervise's "Memorials of Angus and Mearus." and the abbey was to possess the same privileges which he enjoyed. The instrument is witnessed by Eobert and Malcohn, David's brothers, Adam, pastor of Inchture, and others ; and the grant is confirmed by WilHam the Lion. Various other grants to the abbey, by the fomily of Hay of Errol, are entered in the Breviary. The entire lands in the Carse of Gowrie, which his brother David gave him for homage and service, William of Hay conferred on the abbey for the welfare of his own soul, and for the souls of Ada his wife, William his father, and Eva his mother. By Gilbert of Hay, eldest son of David, the pastures and fishings of Ederpoles, along with the mill and standing and running waters on the lands, were confirmed to the monks. Gilbert also gave them a common road through his estates for their personal use, and for their cattle. By another charter he confirmed to them a carucate of land granted them by William of Hay, his uncle ; this charter was confirmed at Forfar by Alexander II., on the 28th April 1242.