Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) PEER REVIEW IMPACT FACTOR ISSN VOL- VIII ISSUE- VI JUNE 2021 e-JOURNAL 7.149 2349-638x

Strategies For the Development of Tourism in : Problems and Suggestions

1. Chikkappa Chikkannavar 2Kiran Kumar P Research scholar Assistant professor Department of Studies and Research in Economics Department of Studies and Research in Economics Rani Channamma University Rani Channamma University Belagavi-591 156 Belagavi-591 156 Mail_id: [email protected] Mail_id: [email protected]

Abstract Tourism sector is one of large the emerging service sectors of the Indian economy. This sector has the capacity to create scale employment both direct and indirect, for diverse sections in society, from the most specialized to unskilled workforce. Indian tourism has vast potential for generating employment and earning large sums of foreign exchange besides giving a fillip to the country’s overall economic and social development. The state of Karnataka is situated in the south western region of India. Spread over an area of 1, 91,791 square km, the state borders the western coast of the Indian subcontinent. Karnataka is situated in the and it witnessed the convergence of the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats into the Nilgiri Hills. Karnataka covers about 750 km from North and South and about 400 km from East west. The coastline of Karnataka stretches for about 320 km. With its long stretch of scenic coastline, lofty green hills and pleasant climate Karnataka enjoys an enviable location within the Indian subcontinent. The study deals with the tourism potential of Karnataka state and identify the various tourist places of Karnataka. The study will suggests taking necessary steps to develop of various tourism spots by Karnataka state tourist developers. Based on the study, it could be concluded that the state has rich tourism resources for the tourists visiting in Karnataka. Key words: Tourism, Development, Economy, Employment, Problems and Suggestions

(ITA) had reached a total of 1.5 billion in Introduction: 2019.Similarly, the tourism sector in India had been performing well with Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) growing at 14 percent to 10.04 million and ourism sector is one of the emerging service T Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEEs) at 19.1 percent sectors of the Indian economy. According to to US$ 27.31 billion in 2017. However, the sector economic survey 2020-21, tourism is a major engine underwent a slowdown in 2018 and 2019 before of economic growth that contributes significantly in declining sharply in 2020. The Foreign Tourist terms of GDP, foreign exchange earnings, and Arrivals (FTAs) in 2019 stood at 10.93 million employment. However, the COVID- 19 pandemic compared to 10.56 million in 2018. In terms of had a debilitating impact on world travel and growth, the growth rate of FTAs declined from 14 tourism, including India. As per the world tourism percent in 2017 to 5.2 percent in 2018 and further to barometer of the united nations world tourism 3.5 percent in 2019. Foreign Exchange Earnings organisation by 72 percent globally over the first ten (FEEs) from tourism stood at US$ 30.06 billion in months of 2020, with restricted on travel, low 2019 as compared to US$ 28.59 billion in 2018. In consumer confidence and a global struggle to terms of growth, the FEEs decline from 19.1 percent contain the COVID-19 virus, all contributing to the in 2017 to 4.7 percent in 2018, picking up slightly to worst year on record in the history of tourism. World 5.1 percent in 2019 (Economic Survey 2020-21). destinations received 900 million fewer international Karnataka has seen immense growth in tourists between January-October when compared domestic tourist visits, growing from 36.7 million in with the same period of 2019, translating into a loss 2006 to 229.93 million in 2019. Karnataka attracts of US$ billion in export revenues from international approximately 9.8 percent of overall domestic tourist tourism. Note that International Tourist Arrivals visits in India, placing at fourth place among Indian Email id’s:- [email protected] Or [email protected] Page No. Chief Editor: - Pramod P. Tandale (Mob.08999250451) website :- www.aiirjournal.com 36

Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) PEER REVIEW IMPACT FACTOR ISSN VOL- VIII ISSUE- VI JUNE 2021 e-JOURNAL 7.149 2349-638x states. Karnataka also saw over 6.08 lakhs foreign Mudasir Majid Malik et.al (2014) analysed that, tourist arrivals in 2019 with ranking 5th the changes in number of tourist arrival from 1997- among international check posts of India for foreign 2012, increase in economic growth and the tourist arrivals. Karnataka offers a multitude of development of tourism as researchers focussed on tourism opportunities, living up to the promise of its foreign tourist arrivals, it is find out that India brand “One State, Many Worlds”. The states witnessed a grand total of 6.58 million foreign pleasant climate, cosmopolitan culture and highly tourist arrivals with annual growth rate of 4.3% in responsive administration make Karnataka an 2012 it is the second largest foreign exchange earner excellent destination for businesses to set up and in India recording estimated earnings of 94487 crore flourish. The state’s tourism destinations encompass in 2011-2012. With world tourist arrivals expected a wealth of tourism products across a range of to increase by 43 million every year on an average themes including heritage, culture, ecotourism, from 2010-2030, the domestic tourism is also a spiritual, adventure, coastal, wellness, rural and major factor which is contributing to the growth in urban (Economic Survey of Karnataka 2020-21). tourism sector. The authors conclude that, Indian government by levying high luxury taxes on hotel Objectives and ensure greater cleanliness and safety for tourists ❖ To know the current status of tourism it can help in giving a big boost to tourism sector. development in Karnataka and India; Singh Jaswal (2014) discussed that, how ❖ To identify the various important tourist India is emerging as a popular tourist destination in spots and level of visitors to Karnataka; the world. It aimed change the attitude and ❖ To identify the problems and to suggest behaviour toward foreign tourists by stressing on the remedial measures for the development of aspect that a guest has been held in high esteem in ; India since ancient times. It also examines the Methodology impact of India’s economic growth on tourism, The present study is based on secondary contributors to economic growth, role of tourism data, which is collected from reports of department industry in India’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product), of tourism, government of Karnataka, articles and foreign versus domestic tourists. This study also thesis on development of tourism, books and various explores that there has been a tremendous growth in journals. tourism in India because of the policies of the government and support from all levels. However, Review of Literature the author concludes that, the central and state Manoj Edward et.al (2008) studied that, the governments, non-public sector and voluntary context and framework for assessing destination organizations ought to become active partners in attractiveness of Kerala, an emerging tourism improve the tourism development. destination in India. This study is helpful for tourism Nakajo Akihito (2017) studied that, the regional decision makers in the public and private sectors to characteristics of the development of tourism understand the potential and development strategies accompanying economic growth in India and the of tourism in Kerala. Its findings will provide inputs tourist industry using development in the Kumaon for planning, marketing and developing appropriate region of Uttarakhand as author focussed on the resource allocation strategies. This paper gives a development of hillside summer retreats in region glance into the development and prospects of with beautiful lakeside scenery and views of year tourism in the state of Kerala. It could be conclude round snow of the Himalayan Mountains, Hindu that, Kerala Government should taken initial step to pilgrimage sites and so on. And the author find out tourism development such as leading international that, the state government should promote the place travel firms and agencies, formulating of accommodation in order to facilitate tourism comprehensive tourism policy, guiding and setting development. Finally the author concludes that long term vision and goals for the tourism sector Uttarakhand government should build growth.

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Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) PEER REVIEW IMPACT FACTOR ISSN VOL- VIII ISSUE- VI JUNE 2021 e-JOURNAL 7.149 2349-638x accommodation facilities in tourist place, it will help Andhra 194767 4 2740502 4 to tourism development of Uttarakhand. Pradesh 874 Present Scenario of Tourism in India Maharas 119191 5 Rajastha 1754348 5 The Indian tourism sector is one of the htra 539 n largest service industries in the country in terms of its contribution to the Gross Domestic Product Telangan 928783 6 West 1617105 6 (GDP) and Foreign Exchange Earnings, as well as a 29 Bengal for providing employment to millions. The sector in fact is expected to generate around US$ 42.8 billion West 856573 7 Punjab 1200969 7 (INR 1897.7 billion) by 2017, according to an Bengal 65 industry research (A Anand Kumar et.al 2014). The Madhya 839697 8 Kerala 1096407 8 amount of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow Pradesh 99 into the hotel and tourism sector during April 2000 to June was worth US$ 13 billion. Foreign Tourist Gujarat 543698 9 Bihar 1087971 9 Arrivals (FTAs) during 2018 stood at 10.56 million, 73 achieving a growth rate of 5.20 percent year on year. Rajastha 502356 10 Goa 933841 10 FTAs in January 2019 stood at 1.10 million, up 5.30 n 43 percent compared to 1.05 million year on year. (FDI Finance Sector Tourism and Hospitality 2021), Source: Ministry of Tourism, Government of India Tourism is one of economic sector in India that has The above table shows that, top 10 most the potential to grow at a high rate and ensure visited states of India by foreign and domestic consequential development of the infrastructure at tourists in 2019, Tamil Nadu is the got first rank in the destinations. It has the capacity to capitalize on arrived both foreign and domestic tourists. Rajasthan the country’s success in the services sector and is the got last rank in arrived domestic tourists and provide sustainable models of growth. the travel and Goa is the got last rank in arrived foreign tourists. tourism sector in India accounted for 8 percent of the And also other states have most number of tourists total employment opportunities generated in the in 2019. country in 2017, providing employment to around Tourism Statistics of India and Karnataka 41.6 million people during same year international Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India from Different hotel chains are increasing their presence in the Regions country, as it will account for around 47 percent Table -2: FTAs in India from Different Regions share in the tourism and hospitality sector of India of the World, 2016-2018 by 2020 and 50 percent by 2022. Number of Percentage Region/ Arrivals Share Table 1: Top 10 Most Visited States of India by Countr 201 201 201 20 20 20 201 201 Foreign and Domestic Tourists in 2019 y 6 7 8 16 17 18 7/1 8/1 States Domes Ra States Internati Ra 6 7 tic nk onal nk South 219 295 310 24 29 29 34. 5.2 Tourist Tourists Asia 455 166 442 .9 .4 .4 5 s 5 5 2 3 1 0 Wester 202 213 224 23 21 21 5.1 5.2 Tamil 385909 1 Tamil 6074345 1 n 941 367 363 .0 .2 .2 Nadu 375 Nadu Europe 2 3 5 5 6 5 North 161 171 180 18 17 17 6.1 5.6 Uttar 285079 2 Maharas 5078514 2 Americ 417 235 771 .3 .0 .1 Pradesh 848 htra a 8 8 8 3 6 2 South 746 824 887 8. 8. 8. 10. 7.6 Karnata 214306 3 Uttar 3780752 3 East 069 575 088 47 22 40 5 ka 456 Pradesh Asia

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East 617 663 724 7. 6. 6. 7.4 9.2 Figure 1: Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India from Asia 563 295 568 01 61 86 Different Regions during 2016-2018 West 451 457 449 5. 4. 4. 1.3 - Asia 842 760 548 13 56 26 1.8 Easter 406 472 466 4. 4. 4. 16. - n 002 872 049 61 71 41 5 1.4 Europe Austral 348 386 412 3. 3. 3. 10. 3.9 asia 908 059 628 96 85 91 6 Africa 302 318 351 3. 3. 3. 5.2 10. 164 023 198 43 17 33 4 Central 787 920 101 0. 0. 0. 16. 9.8 & 30 67 085 89 92 96 9 Source: India Tourism Statistics 2019 South The above figure shows that, foreign tourist Americ arrivals in India from different regions during 2016 a to 2018. South Asia was the largest source of foreign Not 149 234 100 0. 0. 0. 56. - tourists arriving to India in 2018 at over 3104422 Classifi 88 56 37 17 23 10 5 57. lakhs visitors. In 2018 citizens from Western ed 2 Europe, North America, South East Asia, East Asia, Elsewh West Asia, Eastern Europe, Australasia, Africa, ere Central and South America had the highest number Grand 880 100 105 10 10 10 14 5.2 of tourists visiting India. In 2016 and 2017 citizens Total 441 358 579 0 0 0 from those regions had the lowest number of tourists 1 3 6 visiting in India compared to year 2018. Source: Bureau of Immigration, India

Mode of Travel of Foreign Tourist Arrivals in The above table shows that, foreign tourist India arrivals in India from different regions of the world Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India during the during last three years. It can be observed clearly period of 2010 to 2018, in the year 2010 foreign that the FTAs in India have been increasing from all tourists are 5775692 lakhs and in 2011, 2012, 2013, regions. The growth was maximum from Africa 10.4 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 foreign tourists are percent followed by Central and South America 9.8 6309222, 6577745, 6967601, 7679099, 8027133, percent East Asia 9.2 percent, South East Asia 7.6 8804411, 10035803 and 10557976 lakhs arrivals to percent, Australasia 6.9 percent, North America 5.6 India, which is given in the table 3. percent, South Asia 5.2 percent and Western Europe Table 3: FTAs in India According to Mode of 5.2 percent. The percentage share in FTAs in India Travel, 2010-2018 during 2018 was the highest for South Asia 29.40 Year Arrivals Percentage Distribution by percent followed by Western Europe 21.25 percent, Mode of Travel North America 17.12 percent South East Asia 8.40 Air Sea Land percent, East Asia 6.86 percent, Eastern Europe 4.41 2010 5775692 91.8 0.7 7.5 percent, West Asia 4.26 percent, Australasia 3.91 2011 6309222 92 0.8 7.2 percent, Africa 3.33 percent, Central and South 2012 6577745 91.7 0.7 7.6 America 0.96 percent. 2013 6967601 91 0.5 8.5

2014 7679099 86.1 0.4 13.5

2015 8027133 84.5 0.7 14.8

2016 8804411 84.1 0.9 15

2017 10035803 79.6 0.7 19.7 2018 10557976 79.6 0.8 19.6 Source: Bureau of Immigration, India Email id’s:- [email protected] Or [email protected] Page No. Chief Editor: - Pramod P. Tandale (Mob.08999250451) website :- www.aiirjournal.com 39

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The above table shows that, the foreign 2015 1348844 12.0 tourist arrivals in India through air, land and sea 2016 154146 14.3 routes during 2010-2018, Prior to 2010, share of air 2017 177874 15.4 was approximately 91.8 percent and land was 7.5 2018 194881 9.6 percent. Air travel has been the most preferred mode Source: Indian Tourism Statistics 2019 of travel for the FTAs over the years, according for above 79 percent share each year during this period The above table shows that, Foreign though a clear decreasing trend is visible. During Exchange Earnings from tourism in India during 2018 the percentage of FTAs travelling to India by 2010 to 2018, FEEs from tourism in India in 2010 in air remained same to 79.6 percent. The share of terms were 66172 crore as compared to 83036 crore arrivals through land check-post has been above 7 in 2011 registered a growth of 25.5 percent in 2011 percent during 2010 to 2012 and 2014 to 2018. over 2010. And Foreign Exchange Earnings from Arriving through sea routes have remained less than tourism in India in 2017 in terms were 177874 crore 1 percent from 2010 to 2018. as compared to 194881 creore in 2018 registered a growth of 9.6 percent in 2018 over 2017. The FEEs Figure 2: Mode of Travel of Foreign Tourist from tourism in India in Rs terms from 2010 to 2018 Arrivals in India in 2018 are shows the above table.

Important Tourist Places in Karnataka Coorg: Coorg is a famous tourist hill station in Karnataka. There are three wildlife sanctuaries and a famous national park called Nagarhole. There are several options for sightseeing. Halebeedu: the town of Halebeedu was once the 2nd capital of the Housalas. The temples which stand today are specimens of architectural excellence. These are Kedareshware and Hoysaleshwara. : It was once the capital of Tipu Sultan, Source: India Tourism Statistics 2019 known as the Tiger of Mysore. Some of its tourist attractions are Mysore Palace, Devaraja Market, The above figure shows that, mode of travel Crawford Hall and Jagan Mohan Palace. of foreign tourist arrivals in India in 2018. Air is Srirangapatna: Visit Srirangapatna for its royal shows 79.6 percent, sea is shows 0.8 percent and past. It served as the capital of various kings and land is shows 19.6 percent. In the mode of travel air dynasties. Visit palaces, temples and forts here has percent of Foreign Tourist Arrivals and sea has during your sightseeing tour. low percent of Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India. Agumbe: Those who have read Malgudi Days will Foreign Exchange Earnings from Tourism in be familiar with Agumbe. A high-altitude village, its India home to indias online Rainforest Research Station. Table 4: Foreign Exchange Earnings from There are several sightseeing sites. Tourism in India during 2010-2018 Shravanabelagola: Shravanabelagola is a famous Year Fee in Rs. Terms Jain pilgrimage destination in Karnataka. This is Rs. in Crore Percentage Change believed to be the place where Chandragupta Over Previous Year Maurya breathed his last. The most famous tourist 2010 66172 23.1 attraction is Bhagawan Bahubali Statue. 2011 83036 25.5 : Bijapur was founded by the Chalukyas 2012 95607 15.1 during the 10-11th centuries. It is great for those who 2013 107563 12.5 want to explore historical sites. Some of the 2014 120367 11.9 attractions are Bijapur fort and Jama Masjid.

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Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) PEER REVIEW IMPACT FACTOR ISSN VOL- VIII ISSUE- VI JUNE 2021 e-JOURNAL 7.149 2349-638x

Badami: Situated in a ravine and surrounded by domestic and foreign tourists arrived to have golden sandstone hills, Vatapi, as was called increased from 2017 to 2019 in Karnataka tourist backthen, was one of the earliest places in Southern destinations. But in the year 2020 domestic and India to see a frenzy of temple building activities. foreign tourists arrived decrease due to Covid-19. Badami is famous for its beautiful cave temples, which are located around the Agasthya Lake that lies Tourism Development Strategies of Karnataka at the center ofthe ravine. Development Strategies Somnathpur: Visit Somnathpur for the fabulous ❖ Karnatakas tourism development strategy structure built during the reign of the Hoysalas. You should focus on the following priorities: will come across the most spectacular temples here. ❖ The management and implementation of the Bengaluru: Bengaluru the capital of Karnataka is tourism master plan. dotted with high tech industries. Go shopping, visit a ❖ Promoting travel in karnataka and sanctuary, and spend some time in one of its many establishing karnatakas position as a world- parks or hangout at the glitzy malls. class tourism destination while retaining its Udapi: Boasting one of the longest walls in the destinctive identity. world, is the second-largest fort in ❖ The restoration and preservation of tourism india. This impressive fort is not to be missed attractions and the promotion of eco- witnessing in Rahasthan. tourism. Bandipur National Park: Bandipur National Park ❖ Promoting repeat visits and educational is a part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Spot trips. Royal Bengal Tigers, Asiatic Elephants and a wide ❖ Raising karnatakas profile and showcasing variety of bird species. Rosewood and sandalwood the state as a global destination. are found in plenty here. ❖ Increasing visitor arrivals and positioning Tourist Arrivals to Karnataka karnataka as a hub for meetings, conventions Aggressive promotion and marketing campaighns and exhibitions. through print and electronic media at the domestic, national and international levels and creation and up Marketing Strategies gradation of basic amenities and infrastructure at For increasing the tourist inflow aggressive tourst spots have resulted in the increase of tourist marketing strategies will be adopted to publicize the arrivals to karnataka as furnished below: tourist potential of karnataka both nationally and internationally. Some of the main features of this Table-5: Tourists Arrivals from the Year 2017 to strategy are as follows: 2020 (No. in lakhs) ❖ Opening of tourist information centers in Year Domestic Foreign Total other states. Tourists Tourists Tourists ❖ Appointment of marketing agents 2017 1799.80 4.98 1804.78 throughout the country and also abroad. 2018 2143.06 5.44 2148.50 ❖ Advertisement blitzkrieg in print and 2019 2279.34 6.08 2285.42 electronic media. 2020 774.53 1.65 776.18 ❖ Published of high quality literature in indian Source: Department of Tourism and foreign languages. ❖ Screening of documentaries in theatres, The above table shows that the arrival of railways stations, airprts, bustermini etc domestic and foreign tourists in Karnataka from ❖ The government will gradually assume the 2017 to 2020. In the year 2017 domestic tourist are role of a catalyst/facilitator and involve the 1799.80 lakhs and foreign tourists are 4.98 lakhs private sector in restoring the prime position arrived in Karnataka and in 2020 domestic tourists occupied by the state in tourism earlier. are 774.53 and foreign tourists are 1.65 lakhs ❖ Other strategies include; attract visitors from arrivals to Karnataka. Finally it will show that new markets; generate longer stays; increase

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the expenditure of each visitor; extent the the lead role in developing tourism tourism season; and attract special interest professionals. tourists. ❖ The role of private entrepreneurs in Tourism promotion and in implementing projects Problems should be recognised and a Public-Private ❖ Lack of master plan Tourism model should be evolved. ❖ Encroachment by the local peaple and lack ❖ The Government should focus its efforts in of clear defined boundaries by the promotion of the State abroad and in other government States and act as a facilitator by limiting ❖ Lack of information for tourists itself to providing infrastructure support. ❖ Lack of basic hygienic facilities at tourist destination Conclusion: ❖ Lack of sound marketing strategy To conclude, as per the observation Indian ❖ Environmental pollution tourism has vast potential for generating ❖ Lack of professional trained tourist guides employment and earning large sums of foreign ❖ Poor administration and management exchange besides giving a flip to the country’s ❖ Challenges in planning, regulating and overall economic and social development. implementing regulations in the built Karnataka, especially its coastal areas are unique and environment of protected monuments priceless treasure of India with tourism point of view. The government should assure this growth by Suggestions adopting strategies to enhance private sector ❖ Tourism Department should act as a nodal participation in tourism, as well as take advantage of agency for co-ordinating with various other resources available through the IT industry. States and Central departments in order to Likewise, the state government should provide promote the state and to provide better proper basic services and the academic environment infrastructure. for the proper training of tourism operators. With ❖ A single window clearance of tourism regard to tourism development, the state has projects with a transparent process should be assumed the high status in order to attract the evolved. maximum tourists a large number of tourism ❖ The dual reporting structure should be development activities is rapidly taking place removed and the tourism heads at the district because of the strategic location of its tourist level should be at helm of affairs in their destinations. Karnataka tourism will work hard to location. The role of the District Collector in achieve the objective of to make Karnataka one Tourism needs to be re-examined. among the top states of India in terms of domestic ❖ More budgetary support to the department and international tourist visits. Based on the analysis should be provided by the state government of the tourism potential of Karnataka it could be ❖ Additional assistance from Central conclude that the state has rich tourism resources for Government should be sought for the tourists visiting in this state. developing mega tourism projects envisaged for the state References: ❖ Awareness should be created among the 1. Anitha KP and Dr. B Chandrashekara (2017): A locals on the earning potential/employment Study on Prospects and Problems of Heritage opportunity on account of tourism, thereby Tourism in Karnataka, International Journal of changing the closed and conservative Applied Research, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 107-109. 2. A Ananda Kumar, D. Bhavani and P. Kalairasan mindset of the people Karthik (2014): A Study On Development Of ❖ A tourism university can be developed with Tourism In Tamil Nadu State Of India, Golden Mysore /Bangalore and the state should take Research Thoughts, Issue 12, Vol. 3 pp. 01-14.

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3. Dr. Nripendra Singh and Sunaina Ahuja (2012): 12. Nakajo Akihito (2017): Development of Tourism Comparative Analysis between Centralized and and the Tourist Industry in India: A Case Study State-Wise Tourism Campaigns in India, Journal Of, Journal of Urban and Regional Studies on of Tourism- Studies and Research Tourism, Issue Contemporary India, Vol 3(2), pp. 1-12. 13, pp. 14-20. 13. Naveen Kumar T. G. and Panduranga G. M http:www.researchgate.net/publication/27707078 (2017): Opportunities of Karnatakas Heritage in 7. Tourism Development (A Study on Major 4. Dr. G. H. Nagaraju (2014): Strategies for Monuments of Karnataka), Indian Streams Tourism Development in Karnataka Challenges Research Journal, Issue 12, Vol. 6, pp.01-13. and Opportunities, Journal of Advances and 14. Nichola Anastasia Ramachurjee and Suresha S Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, Issue (2013): Ecotourism In Bagalkot District, 13, Vol. 7, pp. 01-04. Doi: Karnataka, India: An Assessment Of The http://ignited.in/p/2702. Inhabitants Awareness Level And Attitudes, 5. Economic Survey of Karnataka 2020-21. International Journal Of Environmental 6. Economic Survey of India 2020-21 Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 2278-2290. 7. India Tourism Statistics 2019 15. Sultan Singh Jaswal (2014): Role of Tourism 8. Karnataka Tourism Policy 2020-2025 Industry in India’s Development, Journal of 9. Manoj Edward and Babu P. George (2008): Tourism and Hospitality, Issue 2, Vol 3, pp. 01- Tourism Development in the State of Kerala, 06. India: A Study of Destination Attractiveness, 16. State Ranking Survey of India 2019, pp. 01-13. European Journal of Tourism Research, Vol 1, Websites No 1, pp 16-38. 1. https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/karnata 10. Mudasir Majid Malik and Asima Nusrath (2014): ka/ A Review of Tourism Development in India, 2. http://www.karnataka.com/profile/location/a Golden Research Thoughts, Issue 11, Vol 3, pp mp/ 01-11.

11. Mrs. Lakshami P. And Dr. S J Manjunath

(2014): An Empirical Study On Tourism Policy In Karnataka, IOSR Journal Of Business And Management, Issue 5, Vol. 16, pp. 49-52.

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