GEOMAGZ Vol 5 No 1 Tahun 2015

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GEOMAGZ Vol 5 No 1 Tahun 2015 Badan Geologi - Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral ISSN: 2088-7906 VOL.5 | NO.1 | Maret 2015 Kawasan Kars SEBAGAI Sistem Energi Kebijakan Dilema Kars Danau Tempe, Dokter Gua, Pengelolaan Kars Tappareng dr. R.K.T. Ko di Indonesia Karaja yang Kian Mendangkal 1 Mengenang iberbumi VOL.5 | NO.1 | MARET 2015 ISSN: 2088-7906 Foto sampul: Sesudut pemandangan di kawasan Kars Maros TH Foto: Deni Sugandi Aerosol dari debu halus letusan Tambora menyapa ARTIKEL PROFIL dunia: 18 Kebijakan Pengelolaan Kars di 50 Dokter Gua dr. Robby K.T. Ko 200 Kegelapan di Eropa, tahun tanpa musim panas Indonesia Ia ahli penyakit kulit dan kelamin. 1816, musim dingin vulkanik yang menghancurkan Apa yang telah menjadi perhatian Dalam ilmu kebumian, Ia menjadi panen, terjadi kekalutan dan migrasi di Eropa para pendahulu di lingkungan Badan pionir ilmu speleologi di Indonesia, LETUSAN Geologi tentang kars, sekarang dan Amerika, munculnya wabah-wabah penyakit ikut mengembangkan karstologi, dan menjadi isu sangat strategis bagi menjadi konsultan ekowisata serta karena air yang tercemar, dan berbagai fenomena. pihak yang berorientasi ekonomi dan konservasi alam. Kulit manusia dan konservasi lingkungan. Saat ini, banyak kulit bumi itulah yang menjadi bidang Letusan itu secara tidak langsung ikut orang yang menyebut-nyebut kata keahlian dr. Robby K.T. Ko. Tambora “kars”, mulai dari petani, usahawan, menyumbang kekalahan tentara Napoleon LSM, ilmuwan, bupati, gubernur Bonaparte di Waterloo Juni 1815; tetapi juga hingga menteri, meski yang dimaksud menginspirasi terciptanya novel Frankenstein karya mungkin belum jelas. Mary Shelley, the Vampyre karya John Polidori, LANGLANG BUMI 22 Kawasan Kars Sebagai Sistem Energi atau puisi the Darkness karya Lord Byron. Danau Tempe, Tappareng Karaja yang 26 Dilema Kars 58 Kian Mendangkal 30 Kelakuan Air pada Kawasan Kars Penelitian JICA tahun 1993 32 Selintas, Airtanah Kars di Pulau Jawa menyatakan bahwa setiap tahunnya terjadi pendangkalan berkisar 15- 38 Gambar-Cadas Indonesia: Media Wirupa 20 cm dan cenderung meningkat Prasejarah setiap tahunnya. Saat ini maksimum masa-masa tenang, kedalaman pada puncak musim tiga kerajaan berdiri 46 Kawasan Kars dan Cerita Rakyat di Sumatra kemarau hanya sekitar 0,5 m. di lahan subur kaki Letusan Ultraplinian Selatan Tambora menyemburkan asap 70 Menyambangi Jejak Peradaban Purba di Gua membentuk cerobong Harimau Pra1815 hingga ketinggian 40 km, 72 Kawasan Cagar Alam Geologi dan Tata Ruang RESENSI BUKU hingga mencapai lapisan 76 Longsor Besar di Karangkobar Stratosfer. 94 Tiga Menguak Tambora 80 Nodul Polimetalik, Perburuan Masa Depan di Akhir-akhir ini terbit banyak buku Dasar Laut mengenai Tambora. Kenyataan ini tidak mengherankan karena sebentar Raksasa dari Wallacea 86 lagi Tambora akan memperingati letusan pendahuluan yang 90 Mengenang Gempa Nias 2005 ulang tahun letusannya yang kedua Maret abad pada April 2015. Di antara cukup menggetarkan 1815 yang banyak itu, ada tiga buah buku ESAI FOTO dalam kurun 2012 – 2014 yang menonjol, yaitu karya Bernis de Jong 96 Kars Sawarna yang Rentan di Kubah Boers (2012), William dan Nicholas Klingaman (2013), serta Gillen d’Archy Bayah Wood (2014). Bentang alam kawasan Bayah berupa Serbuan aliran piroklastik langsung perbukitan dan lembah, sangat menarik dan unik. Keseluruhannya memakan 92.000 korban jiwa. Tiga kerajaan GEOMAGZ membentuk kawasan yang dikenal MAJALAH GEOLOGI POPULER 10-15 April Letusan-letusan Tambora, Pekat dan Sanggar, musnah sebagai kubah (dome) dan dinamakan Paroksismal yang termasuk Bahasa Tambora. Kubah Bayah (Bayah Dome). Dari PENANGGUNG JAWAB: Kepala Badan Geologi, Sekretaris Badan bagian tengah hingga pantai selatan, Geologi | PEMIMPIN REDAKSI: Oman Abdurahman | WAKIL 1815 mahadahsyat: menyapa, di kubah ini membentang kawasan PEMIMPIN REDAKSI: Priatna | ANGGOTA DEWAN REDAKSI: menggelapkan, dan kars, Kars Sawarna. Hadianto, Joko Parwata, Igan S. Sutawidjaja, Oki Oktariadi, mengubah dunia Setiap artikel yang dikirim ke redaksi diketik spasi rangkap, Sabtanto Joko Suprapto, Subandriyo, S.R. Sinung Baskoro, maksimal 5.000 karakter, ditandatangani dan disertai identitas. Wahyudin, Adjat Sudradjat, Nana Sulaksana, Mega F. Rosana, SR. Format digital dikirim ke alamat e-mail redaksi. Setiap artikel/ Wittiri, Budi Brahmantyo, Nia Kurnia Praja | EDITOR BAHASA: foto atau materi apa pun yang telah dimuat di Geomagz dapat Wawan Setiawan, Bunyamin | FOTOGRAFER: Gunawan, Ronald diumumkan/dialihwujudkan kembali dalam format digital Agusta, Deni Sugandi, Ayu Wulandari | DESAIN GRAFIS: Mohamad maupun nondigital yang tetap merupakan bagian Geomagz. Masyhudi | ILUSTRATOR: Ayi R. Sacadipura | SEKRETARIAT: Sofyan Redaksi berhak menyunting naskah yang masuk. Lahirnya gunung api sekunder, anak Gunung Tambora, yang Suwardi (Ivan), Rian Koswara, Atep Kurnia, Fera Damayanti, Ivan SEKRETARIAT REDAKSI: Badan Geologi, Gedung D Lt. 4 | Sekretariat Badan Ferdian, R Nukyferi, Fatmah Ughi, Nia Kurnia | KORESPONDEN: 1815 - dikenal sebagai Dodo Afi Toi (Bahasa Bima yang berarti Geologi Jl. Diponegoro No. 57 Bandung | Telp. 022-72227711, Fax. 022- Suyono, Munib Ikhwatul Iman, Hanik Humaida, Heryadi Rachmat, “gunung api kecil”. Hingga 200 tahun kemudian setelah 7217321 | E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] | Sekarang Website: www.geomagz.com Donny Hermana, Edi Suhanto, M Nizar Firmansyah letusan maha dahsyat itu, Tambora tenang hingga sekarang. 2 GEOMAGZ | MARET 2015 Konsep: Budi Brahmantyo, grafis: Ayi Sacadipura. 1 EDITORIAL SURAT Perspektif Pengelolaan Kars yang Berkelanjutan Di awal tahun, ancaman banjir dan longsor masih membayangi kita yang tinggal di Sejak beberapa tahun terakhir Geomagz telah ikut mewarnai dunia publikasi di bidang wilayah tropis. Setelah longsor besar di Karangkobar, Banjarnegara, pada Desember kebumian. Tentunya ini menjadi hal yang sangat positif terkait dengan sosialisasi geologi tahun lalu, longsor lain terjadi di beberapa tempat. Demikian pula banjir dan agar menjadi lebih membumi. Geologi dan segala aspeknya sebenarnya, disadari atau letusan gunung api, terutama Gunung Sinabung. Sementara itu, letusan dahsyat tidak, sudah menjadi bagian kehidupan sehari-hari manusia. Bahkan sebagian besar Gunung Tambora yang peringatan ke-200 tahunnya akan dilakukan pada April nanti, aktivitas manusia akan selalu dipengaruhi ilmu kebumian. Seperti, misalnya, kehidupan menjadi tonggak penting yang selalu menyadarkan kita bahwa wilayah zamrud di penuh harmoni antara penduduk di kawasan kars Maros dengan alam sekitarnya, di khatulistiwa ini memang rawan bencana. Di tengah keindahan dan sumber daya alam mana masyarakat sekitar memahami pentingnya konservasi air untuk kehidupan sehari- kita yang kaya, kita pun harus selalu waspada terhadap ancaman alam itu sendiri. hari. Hal-hal seperti itulah yang saya amati telah direkam, didokumentasikan dan dan disebarluaskan dengan sangat baik oleh Geomagz. Foto-foto pendukung pun diambil dan ditampilkan dengan sangat artistik dan mengesankan. Kita harapkan Geomagz dapat Salah satu kejadian alam yang harus diwaspadai adalah baku (kapur, dll), keindahan alam gua-gua dan bentang berkembang dengan baik, mampu meliput dan menyajikan kepada pembacanya segala musim kemarau yang akan datang sekitar enam bulan ke alam untuk pariwisata, flora dan fauna khas kawasan depan, atau mungkin lebih cepat. Kekeringan menjadi kars, peninggalan purbakala atau arkeologi hingga ke aspek dan peranan ilmu kebumian pada kehidupan manusia di pelosok-pelosok negeri. ancaman di musim kemarau. Maka, alangkah bijaknya paleontologi, dan kekayaan religi hingga tradisi. Banyak publikasi yang meliput keindahan sudut-sudut negeri kita, tetapi tidak banyak yang jika kita bersiap menghadapi musim kemarau dengan menyorotnya dan mewarnainya dengan sentuhan cerita geologi seperti yang dilakukan Semua itu kawasan kars kaya nilai, mulai dari ekonomi, semua dampaknya itu, kini di musim penghujan, ilmu pengetahuan, lingkungan, hingga sosial budaya. Geomagz. Sukses selalu untuk Geomagz. sebagaimana seharusnyalah kita bersiap mengahadapi Namun, karena kandungan multi-nilainya itu pula, musim hujan dan dampaknya jauh sebelumnya, di kala ditambah kondisinya yang sangat rentan atas pengaruh Sukmandaru Prihatmoko musim kering. dari luar, menjadikan kawasan kars mudah terancam Ketua Umum IAGI Kawasan kars adalah lingkungan yang rentan terhadap kerusakan lingkungan yang sering berujung pada konflik kekeringan. Tiada lain, karena salah satu ciri khas sosial. Sebagai upaya pelayanan masyarakat, selain aktif kawasan ini adalah kering di permukaannya, apalagi dalam penyedian data dan informasi serta regulasi Halo Geomagz! Saya sangat Saya alumni Teknik geologi mencontoh dari Geomagz, di musim kemarau. Sementara itu, jauh di bawah pengelolaan kars, Pemerintah pun melalui Badan Geologi, tertarik dengan majalah ini sejak Unsoed Purwokerto. Saya permukaannya, pada aliran sungai bawah tanah di dalam KESDM, telah membuat museum kars yang terletak Natgeo, dan Warta Geologi. kelas 11 SMA, dan sekarang mengenal majalah Geomagz gua-gua, masih mengalir air yang cukup melimpah atau di kawasan kars Gunungkidul, di wilayah Kabupaten Menarik kalau mengingat saat itu. masih duduk di bangku kelas sewaktu ada acara publikasi cukup penting untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air bagi Wonogiri. Salam sukses selalu. 12 SMA. Dari Geomagz ini geologi di Museum Geologi. masyarakat di atasnya. Ketersediaan air bagi kebutuhan Kita patut bergembira menyambut terbitnya peraturan sangat inspiratif sekali, bagi Saat itu perbincangan sangat sehari-hari penduduk sekitarnya menjadi
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