On the Two Ways of Learning in Bhutan∗
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Himalayan Linguistics Segmental and Suprasegmental Features of Brokpa
Himalayan Linguistics Segmental and suprasegmental features of Brokpa Pema Wangdi James Cook University ABSTRACT This paper analyzes segmental and suprasegmental features of Brokpa, a Trans-Himalayan (Tibeto- Burman) language belonging to the Central Bodish (Tibetic) subgroup. Segmental phonology includes segments of speech including consonants and vowels and how they make up syllables. Suprasegmental features include register tone system and stress. We examine how syllable weight or moraicity plays a determining role in the placement of stress, a major criterion for phonological word in Brokpa; we also look at some other evidence for phonological words in this language. We argue that synchronic segmental and suprasegmental features of Brokpa provide evidence in favour of a number of innovative processes in this archaic Bodish language. We conclude that Brokpa, a language historically rich in consonant clusters with a simple vowel system and a relatively simple prosodic system, is losing its consonant clusters and developing additional complexities including lexical tones. KEYWORDS Parallelism in drift, pitch harmony, register tone, stress, suprasegmental This is a contribution from Himalayan Linguistics, Vol. 19(1): 393-422 ISSN 1544-7502 © 2020. All rights reserved. This Portable Document Format (PDF) file may not be altered in any way. Tables of contents, abstracts, and submission guidelines are available at escholarship.org/uc/himalayanlinguistics Himalayan Linguistics, Vol. 19(1). © Himalayan Linguistics 2020 ISSN 1544-7502 Segmental and suprasegmental features of Brokpa Pema Wangdi James Cook University 1 Introduction Brokpa, a Central Bodish language, has a complicated phonological system. This paper aims at analysing its segmental and suprasegmental features. We begin with a brief background information and basic typological features of Brokpa in §1. -
9 6 on the Two Ways of Learning in Bhutan
On the Two Ways of Learning in Bhutan∗ Karma Phuntsho** Bhutanese folklore has it that the bat would show its teeth to the birds to evade the bird tax, and show its wings to the beasts to evade the beast tax. But come winter, when the food supplies are distributed, the bat would show its wings to the birds and teeth to the beasts to claim its share from both, although often it is rejected and ostracized by both parties. This paper is an outcome of my role as a bat-like scholar involved in both traditional and modern systems of learning and scholarship, with some of the academic teeth of the modernist beasts as well as the spiritual wings of the traditionist birds, and at times, like the bat, being disowned and despised by both, by the traditionists as an unfaithful, agnostic cynic, and by the moderns as a narrow-minded, sutra-thumping fanatic. This double role, however, to my advantage, has given me the opportunity to study my own religion and culture from the various perspectives using different tools, and revealed to me the privileged position in which one can blend the varying approaches and methods of the modernists and traditionists. It is from the vantage point of such position that I shall present a case study of the encounter of the two systems of education – traditional and modern – in the Kingdom of Bhutan. ∗ This paper is a written version of my presentation during the conference of South Asian Studies, Edinburgh, 2000, entitled, Traditional Scholarship in Modern Bhutan, Current Educational Trends and their Impact on Traditional Learning. -
Review of Evidential Systems of Tibetan Languages
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2017 Review of Lauren Gawne Nathan W. Hill (eds.). 2016. Evidential systems of Tibetan languages. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 40(2), 285–303 Widmer, Manuel DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ltba.00002.wid Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-168681 Journal Article Accepted Version Originally published at: Widmer, Manuel (2017). Review of Lauren Gawne Nathan W. Hill (eds.). 2016. Evidential systems of Tibetan languages. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 40(2), 285–303. Linguistics of the Tibeto- Burman Area, 40(2):285-303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ltba.00002.wid Review of Evidential systems of Tibetan languages Gawne, Lauren & Nathan W. Hill (eds.). 2016. Evidential systems of Tibetan languages. de Gruyter: Berlin. vi + 472 pp. ISBN 978-3-11-047374-2 Reviewed by Manuel Widmer 1 Tibetan evidentiality systems and their relevance for the typology of evidentiality The evidentiality1 systems of Tibetan languages rank among the most complex in the world. According to Tournadre & Dorje (2003: 110), the evidentiality systeM of Lhasa Tibetan (LT) distinguishes no less than four “evidential Moods”: (i) egophoric, (ii) testiMonial, (iii) inferential, and (iv) assertive. If one also takes into account the hearsay Marker, which is cOMMonly considered as an evidential category in typological survey studies (e.g. Aikhenvald 2004; Hengeveld & Dall’Aglio Hattnher 2015; inter alia), LT displays a five-fold evidential distinction. The LT systeM, however, is clearly not the Most cOMplex of its kind within the Tibetan linguistic area. -
第四届中国西南地区汉藏语国际研讨会program and Abstract Book
FOURTH WORKSHOP ON SINO-TIBETAN LANGUAGES OF SOUTHWEST CHINA 第四届中国西南地区汉藏语国际研讨会 UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, SEATTLE SEPTEMBER 8-10, 2016 PROGRAM AND ABSTRACT BOOK Table of Contents General Information & Special Thanks to Our Sponsors ......................................................... 3 Program Synoptic Schedule ..................................................................................................................... 4 Thursday, September 8 .............................................................................................................. 5 Friday, September 9 ................................................................................................................... 6 Saturday, September 10 ............................................................................................................. 7 Abstracts (in presentation order) Scott DeLancey, Reconstructing Hierarchical Argument Indexation in Trans-Himalayan .... 8 James A. Matisoff, Lahu in the 21st century: vocabulary enrichment and orthographical issues ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Guillaume Jacques, The life cycle of multiple indexation and bipartite verbs in Sino-Tibetan ................................................................................................................................................. 11 Jackson T.-S. SUN and Qianzi TIAN, Argument Indexation patterns in Horpa languages: a major Rgyalrongic subgroup .................................................................................................. -
3.1 Buthan06.Xp
SLSA Annual report 2013 Archaeology in the Kingdom of Bhuta n: Exploring the Country’s Prehistory Peter Fux 1, Christoph Walser 2, Namgyel Tshering 3 Abstract By today, archaeological insight into the cultural history of the Kingdom of Bhutan in the eastern Himalayas is still lacking. In the course of the ongoing Bhutan-Swiss col - laboration project in order to institutionalize archaeology, not only highly important sites were detected but also the exigency of archaeological regulations and site pro - tection becomes evident. On the basis of interviews with local informants, the authors conducted field sur - veys and documented the cultural landscape in the mythical core area of the Tang val - ley in central Bhutan. The general picture composed of collected data seems to illus - trate a mythical or Buddhist-historical meaning of manifold historical and prehistoric sites which is generally accepted and venerated by the local society. Nowadays however, Bhutan faces enormous cultural changes, mainly caused by rapidly increasing tourism influx and information technology. As a consequence, myth - ical-religious beliefs, which have protected archaeological sites from looting, are weak - ening to a certain extent. This danger of cultural heritage loss becomes evident by a looted chorten on top of a prehistoric burial mound. The discovery of large burial mounds in the Phobjikha Valley illustrates the importance of immediate archaeologi - 1 Museum Rietberg Zurich and University of Zurich, Department of Prehistoric Archaeology. cal regulations and site protection and furthermore shows the tremendous scientific 2 Universities of Bamberg and Zurich. potential of archaeology in Bhutan. 3 Helvetas, Swiss Intercooperation, Thimphu, Bhutan. -
Download Complete Dr Karma Phuntsho's CV
Curriculum Vitae Name: Karma PHUNTSHO Current Address: P.O. Box 131, Changangkha, Thimphu, Bhutan or 9 Sinclair Gardens, London W14 0AU, UK. Email: [email protected] Appointments and Work Experience Academic: 2013 - Research Consultant, University of Virginia 2013 - Research Associate, School of African and Oriental Studies 2013 - Founding Director, Shejun Agency for Bhutan’s Culture Documentation and Research 2013 - Editorial board member, Himalaya 2012 - Specialist advisor, Dzongkha Development Commission 2011 - Editor, Journal of Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies 2011 - Advisory Editor, Bhutan Journal of Research and Development 2010 - Advisor, Committee for Conservation of Vanishing Languages and Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Bhutan 2004 - 2012 Research Associate, University of Cambridge 2005 to 2006 Spalding Fellow in Comparative Religion, Clare Hall, Cambridge 2003 - 2006 Post-Doctoral Researcher, EPHE and ESA 8047, CNRS, Paris 2000 to 2001 Fellow, Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University 1996 to 1997 Secretary and Lecturer, Ngagyur Nyingma Institute 1993 to 1994 Assistant Lecturer, Ngagyur Nyingma Institute 1992 to 1996 Co-editor for publications in Ngagyur Nyingma Institute Non- Academic: 2014 - Board Member, Royal Education Council 2013 - Patron, The Buddhist Forum, India 2008 - Tour Lecturer, Australians Studying Abroad 2000 - Founder, The Loden Foundation 2008 - Secretary General, Ura Solidarity Fund 2008 Presenter, Smithsonian Folk Life Festival 1994 to 1995 Head of Shugseb Nunnery, Dharamsala, India 1993 Secretary, Nyingma Prayer Festival, Bodh Gaya, India 1992 to 1994 Disciplinarian, Ngagyur Nyingma Institute 1995 to 1997 Worked with Dalit communities in south India 1992 - Interpreter from Tibetan / Bhutanese to English 1978 to 1986 I spent some time herding cows and working on my family farm Education & Qualifications 2003 D.Phil. -
Himalayan Linguistics
volume 9 number 1 June 2010 himalayan linguistics Himalayan Linguistics: a free peer-reviewed web journal and archive devoted to the study of the languages of the Himalayas www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/HimalayanLinguistics Himalayan Linguistics a free peer-reviewed web journal and archive devoted to the study of the languages of the Himalayas EDITORIAL BOARD Editor Carol Genetti, University of California, Santa Barbara Associate Editors Elena Bashir, University of Chicago Shobhana Chelliah, University of North Texas Yogendra Yadava, Nepal Academy and Tribhuvan Univ. David Bradley, La Trobe University Assistant Editor You-Jing Lin, Academia Sinica Technical Expert Carlos M Nash, University of California Santa Barbara Himalayan Linguistics is an online peer-reviewed journal specializing in the languages of the Himalayan region. We also publish grammars, dictionaries, and text collections. Himalayan Linguistics is free; that is, there is no subscription fee. The primary reason for this — and, indeed, for using the web journal as opposed to the printed paper format — is to make the information contained in the journal accessible to scholars in developing countries, in particular the countries of the Himalayan region. Web access is steadily increasing in these areas, and this technology allows fast and affordable access to current research. It is our hope that scholars from the Himalayan region will not only be able to access Himalayan Linguistics, but will also be active contributors to it. The term "Himalayan" is used in its broad sense to include north-western and north-eastern India, where languages of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, and Austro-Asiatic linguistic stocks are spoken; the languages of Nepal, Bhutan and the Tibetan Plateau; the languages of northern Burma and Sichuan; and the languages of Nuristan, Baltistan and the Burushaski speaking area in the west. -
JEAR Vol. I No. 3
ofJour nal J O U R N A L O F Educatioin EDUCATIONAL ACTION al ResearchAction RESEARCH 1 Volume - 1 Number – CENTRE FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Paro NOVEMBER 2018 College of Education, Paro BHUTAN VOLUME 1, NUMBER -3 PO Box. 1245 Tel: +975-8-272011/271620, Fax: +975-8-271917 www.pce.edu.bt Printed: KUENSEL Corporation Ltd, 2018. ISSN: 2413 - 5992 Journal of Educational Action Research (JEAR) CERD Vol. 1, No. 3, November 2018 Dedicated to His Majesty the Fourth Druk Gyalpo on the occassion of His 60th Birth Anniversary JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL ACTION RESEARCH Editor-in-Chief Sonam Dorji W Dean, Research & Industrial Linkages, CERD, PCE Editors 1. Dr. Gembo Tshering 2. Sangay Biddha Production Editors Pelden Dorji Dadil Jamtsho Reviewers Judith Miller, PhD, Sonam Rinchen, PhD, Bhutan. Dorji Wanghcuk, PhD, Bhutan Australia Carsten Rohlfs, PhD, Germany Journal of Educational Action Research (JEAR) CERD Vol. 1, No. 3, November 2018 The Journal of Educational Action Research (JEAR) is published once a year in the Autumn Semester by the Centre for Educational Research and Development, Paro College of Education, Royal University of Bhutan. The JEAR aspires to develop a strong educational research and scholarship culture, through which a systematic, collaborative and participatory process of inquiry address areas of concern facing education today. This would not only help provide technical skills and specialized knowledge, but also bring about positive changes within the classroom, schools or the community at large. The journal welcomes contributions from researchers and scholars who work in the field of action research and related activities in education. -
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North East Indian Linguistics Volume 3 Edited by Gwendolyn Hyslop • Stephen Morey. Mark W. Post EOUNDATlON® S (j) ® Ie S Delhi· Bengaluru • Mumbai • Kolkata • Chennai • Hyderabad • Pune Published by Cambridge University Press India Pvt. Ltd. under the imprint of Foundation Books Cambridge House, 438114 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002 Cambridge University Press India Pvt. Ltd. C-22, C-Block, Brigade M.M., K.R. Road, Iayanagar, Bengaluru 560 070 Plot No. 80, Service Industries, Sbirvane, Sector-I, Neru!, Navi Mumbai 400 706 10 Raja Subodb Mullick Square, 2nd Floor, Kolkata 700 013 2111 (New No. 49), 1st Floor, Model School Road, Thousand Lights, Chcnnai 600 006 House No. 3-5-874/6/4, (Near Apollo Hospital), Hyderguda, Hyderabad 500 029 Agarwal Pride, 'A' Wing, 1308 Kasba Peth, Near Surya Hospital, :"Pune 411 011 © Cambridge Universiry Press India Pvt. Ltd. First Published 20 II ISBN 978-81-7596-793-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction of any part may take place without the written pennission of Cambridge University Press India Pvl. Ltd., subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements. Cambridge" Universiry Press India Pvl. Ltd. has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-parry internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Typeset at SanchauLi Image Composers, New Deihi. Published by Manas Saikia for Cambridge University Press India Pvl. Ltd. and printed at Sanat Printers, Kundli. Haryana Contents About the Contributors v Foreword Chungkham Yashawanta Singh ix A Note from the Editors xvii The View from Manipur 1. -
The Mangde Language ( ) in Bhutan Fuminobu Nishida མང་སྡེ་པའི་ཁ། 1
BHUTAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Autumn 2013 Bhutan Journal of Research & Development CONTENTS The Mangde language ( ) in Bhutan Fuminobu Nishida མང་སྡེ་པའི་ཁ། 1 University autonomy and sustainability: Faculty perceptions on the sustained growth of the Royal University of Bhutan Samdrup Rigyal 17 Teaching, Learning and Planning Practices in Five Colleges of RUB: A Cross Case Analysis Deki C. Gyamtso and T.W. Maxwell 31 Exploring University Students’ Plagiarism Experiences: A Phenomenological Study Phuntsho Dorji, Nawang Phuntsho and Nima 43 Perception of Local Residents of Paro on Socio-Cultural Impacts of Tourism Umesh Jadhav, Tandin Chhophel, Manohar Ingale, Pawan Kumar Sharma, Karma Drukpa, Elangbam Haridev Singh, and Namrata Pradhan 55 Bhutanese Teachers’ Perceptions about Gross National Happiness in Education for Sustainable Development Paivi Ahonen, Dorji Thinley and Riitta-Liisa Korkeamäki 67 bjrd 1 BHUTAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Autumn 2013 2 bjrd BHUTAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Autumn 2013 The Mangde language (མང་སྡེ་པའི་ཁ།) in Bhutan FUMINOBU NISHIDA Abstract Mangde or, in Dzongkha, Mangdebi kha, is a language of the East Bodish group spoken in the Mangde river basin, onམང་སྡེ་པའི་ཁ། the eastern slopes of the Black Mountains of west central Bhutan and also in adjacent parts of the western Black Mountains. The language is also spoken in several villages to the east of the Mangdechu between Trongsa and Zh’ämgang. The language is also known by the names ’Nyenkha, Henkha and a slew of loconyms whereby the language is named after one of the villages where it is spoken. The Mangde speaking area is bounded to the west by Dzongkha, to the east by the Bumthang language, to the north by the Lakha speaking area, and to the south by the Kheng and Black Mountain Mönpa languages. -
Language Policy in Bhutan
Language Policy in Bhutan George van Driem (University ofLeiden) The linguistic situation in Bhutan is complex. Nineteen different languages are spoken in this Himalayan kingdom, which is only slightly larger than the Netherlands but comprises considerably less habitable surface area. The population numbers approximately 650,000 and there is no majority language. The Royal Government of Bhutan has adopted an official language policy ain:ed at establishing a single national language and also accommodating and preserving the country's linguistic diversity. The government's language policy is a balanced approach characterised by two complementary policy lines. The first line of policy is the promotion' of Dzongkha as the national language. The second line of policy is the preservation and, indeed, study of the country's rich linguistic and cultural heritage. Here I shall provide a sketch of the ethnolinguistic make-up of the country, explain the rationale behind both of the Royal Government's language policy guidelines, and elucidate how both guidelines are being implemented in practice.1 The linguistic situation in Bhutan This section is a concise sketch of the ethnolinguistic situation in Bhutan, of which I provide a more detailed and historical account elsewhere (van Driem 1993b). Reliable language statistics are provided in the table below. These statistics are based on unreleased Bhutanese census data, estimates by knowledgeable foreign specialists working in Bhutan, local village authorities and my own roof counts during the linguistic survey work which has taken me throughout Bhutan. In order to properly assess these statistics, however, certain background in formation is required. First of all, Dzongkha is the only language with a native literary tradition in Bhutan. -
Abstracts Pp. 152-450
Kingship Ideology in Sino-Tibetan Diplomacy during the VII-IX centuries Emanuela Garatti In this paper I would like to approach the question of the btsan-po’s figure and his role in the international exchanges like embassies, peace agreements and matrimonial alliances concluded between the Tibetan and the Tang during the Tibetan Empire. In order to do that, I examine some passages of Tibetan and Chinese sources. Tibetan ancient documents, like PT 1287, the PT 1288, the IOL Tib j 750 and the text of the Sino-Tibetan treaty of 821/822. For the Chinese sources I used the encyclopaedia Cefu yuangui which has never been extensively used in the study of the Tibetan ancient history. Concerning the embassies one can see that they are dispatched with important gifts when the btsan-po want to present a request. Those are registered as tribute (ch. chaogong) by the Chinese authors but one can assume, analysing the dates of embassies that the Tibetan emissaries are sent to the court with presents only when they had to present a specific request from the Tibetan emperor. Moreover, the btsan-po is willing to accept the diplomatic codes but refuses all attempt of submission from the Chinese authorities like the “fish-bag” (ch. yudai) proposed to the Tibetan ambassadors as a normal gift. For the treaties, the texts of these agreements show the evolution of the position of the btsan-po towards the Chinese court and the international diplomacy: the firsts pacts see the dominant position of Tang court over the btsan-po’s delegation.