DOCSLIB.ORG

Information to Us£Rs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Information to Us£Rs INFORMATION TO US£RS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6* x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms Internationa! A Beil & Howell information Company 300 North 2eeO Roaa. Ann Arbor Ml 48106-1346 USA 313 761-4 700 800 521-06C0 Order Number 9236155 Soil phosphorus dynamics in a humid tropical silvopastoral system Cooperband, Leslie Rose, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1992 Copyright ©1993 by Cooperband, Leslie Rose. All rights reserved. UMI 3(H) N. Zeeh Rd. Ann Arbor. MI 4X106 SOIL PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS IN A HUMID TROPICAL SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Leslie Rose Cooperband, B.A., M.S. * 4 * * * # The Ohio State University 1992 Dissertation Committee: Approved by T.J. Logan R. Lai R.E.J. Boerner S. Traina ^^A dvteor m DepartmenrsQf Agronomy a Carlos Fernandez Gutierrez, mi mano derecha V a los agricultores del asentamiento Neguev ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The breadth and depth of the dissertation herein would have been impossible to achieve without the numerous people and institutions who assisted me. From the project's inception to the final writing stage, I have received unquantifiable support spanning two hemispheres including family, friends, colleagues, faculty, funding agencies and technical personnel. I would like to thank them all deeply and mention several specifically. First, I would like to thank the various funding agencies whose financial support made this research possible. These include (in chronological order): the Tinker Foundation; The Midwest Universities Consortium for International Activities; The Ohio State University College of Agriculture's Office of International Affairs; the Fullbright Scholarship Program; and the Lindbergh Fund. Their financial committment allowed me to conduct field research outside the U.S.; an expensive proposition beyond the means of most graduate students. My advisory committee, Terry Logan, Ralph Boerner, Rattan Lai and Sam Traina, provided their valuable time and extremely constructive criticism from project design to data analysis and dissertation writing. My major advisor, Terry Logan has been a true mentor as well as an intellectual sparring partner and emotional confidant. He solidified my confidence in my own abilities by letting me loose in the wilds of Costa Rica. He spent countless hours with me discussing, arguing and philosophizing. I truly feel 1 have grown both personally and professionally from our relationship. Among the Ohio contingency, I thank my wonderful closest friends and partners-in-crime in impartial alphabetical order: Jeff Herrick, Peggy Logan, Nancy Lust, Margaret Reeves and Michelle Wander. In the process of trying to solve the world's and each other's problems, they have enriched my life immeasurably. I would also like to thank Billie Harrison, Jane Ross, Doug Beak, Brad Fuller and the rest of the Soil Chemistry lab folks for their assistance in lab analyses and their general good nature. Billie, thanks for your moral support and comeraderie all these years. I'd also like to express great appreciation to the Soil Characterization Lab people, especially Lee Burras and Sandy Jones who never said no when I asked for help. My sincere appreciation is also extended to Dr. Robin Taylor, my statistics guru in Wooster. Without Robin's creative energy and infinite patience, my dissertation would lack the scientific and intellectual rigor it now has. I also express deep gratitude to Peggy Richards; she kept the "little engine that could" on track, especially when it felt like derailing. Within the course of the research's evolution there were several key people whose suggestions proved extremely fruitful. Among them, I thank Dr. Dave Janos who helped me clarify many of my diffuse early ideas. I am also indebted to Dr. Wes Jarrell for turning me on to the anion exchange membranes. There were numerous people at the Cdntro Agrondmico Tropical de Investigacidn y Ensenanza (CATIE) who provided invaluable logistic, technical, intellectual and moral support. Foremost was my lab technician, Carlos Fernandez. His dedication to quality and infinite patience made my lab and field work bearable and even fun. Gracias, Carlos, por tu ayuda tan valiosa. I would also like to thank Drs. Francisco Romero and Rolain Borel for accepting me as a member of the Silvopastoral Systems Project and for providing me with critical logistical and labor support, especially in the experiment's implementation. Within the Silvopastoral Systems Project team, I extend sincere appreciation to Ebal Oviedo who carried me around on the back of a motor bike for two months in Neguev trying to convince farmers to work with the "gringa loca." Gracias, Ebal, por tu companerismo y tu confianza en el proyecto. I also thank Erick Lopez, Luis Carlos Saborfo, Leonel Solano, Luis Angel Sanchez, Carmelo Ghana and the other field workers for help in the field work. I thank Dr. Donald Kass for his comeraderie and for general assistance throughout my stay at CATIE. I also thank Isabel Rojas of the Universidad Nacional for her help in the mycorrhizae research. Other individuals in the CATIE soils lab and the Nitrogen Fixing Trees Project who provided assistance in lab work include Mario Jimenez, Patricia Leandro and Roberto Diaz-Romeu. Lastly but certainly not least, I thank Dr. Maria Julia Mazzarino for her unbounded friendship and for her unceasing enthusiasm for nutrient cycling. She truly inspired me. I cannot forget to thank the farmers who participated in the research project. Without them, there would be no dissertation. Their willingness to forfeit one quarter hectare of their small farms for more than three years v impressed me deeply. I am grateful for their humility and their hopefulness. A Nelson Esquivel y su esposa Mima, les agradezco con todo mi corazon. At the end of my long acknowledgements road, I owe deep thanks to my family: my mother, sister, brother and Chirin£, for their acceptance and understanding. I often wondered if they thought I was totally crazy for the things I did, but in the final analysis I know they love me. Finally, to my dad who is here in spirit; after all, he was the guy who sparked the curiosity flame in me. VITA May 8 , 1 9 6 0 ................................................ Born - Boston, Massachusetts 1 9 8 2 ................................................................ B.A., Barnard College, Columbi University, New York, New Yo 1982-198 3 .................................................... Horticulture Specialist, New York City Parks Department, Brooklyn, New York 1983-1984 .................................................... Ecologist/Environment Educato The Nature Conservancy, Long Island, New York 198 4 ................................................................ Research Assistant, Dr. Daniel Janzen, Costa Rica 198 5 ................................................................ Project Consultant, U.S. Agenc for International Development, Washington, D.C. 1986 ................................................................ M.S., Zoology Department, Th Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1986-1988 .................................................... Consultant, Midwest Universiti Consortium for International Activities, Columbus, Ohio vii PUBLICATIONS Cooperband, L.R. and T.J. Logan. 1991. Measuring in situ changes in labile soil P in a humid tropical silvopastoral system with anion exchange membranes. ASA Abstr. p 241. Cooperband, L.R. and T.J. Logan. 1991. Phosphorus cycling in a humid tropical silvopastoral system and effects on pasture biomass availability and species composition. ASA Abstr. p 347. Cooperband, L. R. and T.J. Logan. 1989. Phosphorus adsorption and diffusion in a silvopastoral volcanic ash soil of Costa Rica. ASA Abstr. p 198. Logan T.J. and L. R. Cooperband. 1987. Soil erosion on steeplands of the humid tropics and subtropics, pp 21-38 in Southgate, D. and J. Disinger (eds). Proceedings of international symposium on sustainable development of natural resources in the third world. Westview Press. Boulder, CO. Cooperband, L.R. 1986. Soil conservation in hillside agriculture: a case study of highland Venezuela, Peru and Guatemala,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Disrupting Doble Desplazamiento in Conflict Zones
    Disrupting Doble Desplazamiento in Conflict Zones: Alternative Feminist Stories Cross the Colombian-U.S. Border Tamera Marko, Emerson College Preface ocumentary film has the power to carry the stories and ideas of an Dindividual or group of people to others who are separated by space, economics, national boundaries, cultural differences, life circumstances and/or time. Such a power—to speak and be heard by others—is often exactly what is missing for people living in poverty, with little or no access to the technologies or networks necessary to circulate stories beyond their local communities. But bound up in that power is also a terrible responsibility and danger: how does the documentarian avoid becoming the story (or determining the story) instead of acting as the vehicle to share the story? How does she avoid becoming a self-appointed spokesperson for the poor or marginalized? Or how does he not leverage the story of others’ suffering for one’s own gain or acknowledgment? These questions become even thornier when intersected with issues of race, cultural capital, and national identity. One 9 might ask all of these questions to our next author, Tamera Marko, a U.S. native, white academic who collects video stories of displaced poor residents of Medellin, Colombia. How does she do this ethically, in a way that performs a desired service within the communities that she works, without speaking for them or defining their needs? Her article, which follows, is a testament to that commitment. Marko’s life’s work (to call it scholarship seems too small a word) resides within a complex politics of representation, and she directly takes on issues that others might shy away from.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critique of Phanerozoic Climatic Models Involving Changes in The
    Earth-Science Reviews 56Ž. 2001 1–159 www.elsevier.comrlocaterearscirev A critique of Phanerozoic climatic models involving changes in the CO2 content of the atmosphere A.J. Boucot a,), Jane Gray b,1 a Department of Zoology, Oregon State UniÕersity, CorÕallis, OR 97331, USA b Department of Biology, UniÕersity of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA Received 28 April 1998; accepted 19 April 2001 Abstract Critical consideration of varied Phanerozoic climatic models, and comparison of them against Phanerozoic global climatic gradients revealed by a compilation of Cambrian through Miocene climatically sensitive sedimentsŽ evaporites, coals, tillites, lateritic soils, bauxites, calcretes, etc.. suggests that the previously postulated climatic models do not satisfactorily account for the geological information. Nor do many climatic conclusions based on botanical data stand up very well when examined critically. Although this account does not deal directly with global biogeographic information, another powerful source of climatic information, we have tried to incorporate such data into our thinking wherever possible, particularly in the earlier Paleozoic. In view of the excellent correlation between CO2 present in Antarctic ice cores, going back some hundreds of thousands of years, and global climatic gradient, one wonders whether or not the commonly postulated Phanerozoic connection between atmospheric CO2 and global climatic gradient is more coincidence than cause and effect. Many models have been proposed that attempt to determine atmospheric composition and global temperature through geological time, particularly for the Phanerozoic or significant portions of it. Many models assume a positive correlation between atmospheric CO2 and surface temperature, thus viewing changes in atmospheric CO2 as playing the critical role in r regulating climate temperature, but none agree on the levels of atmospheric CO2 through time.
    [Show full text]
  • Slum Upgrading Strategies and Their Effects on Health and Socio-Economic Outcomes
    Ruth Turley Slum upgrading strategies and Ruhi Saith their effects on health and Nandita Bhan Eva Rehfuess socio-economic outcomes Ben Carter A systematic review August 2013 Systematic Urban development and health Review 13 About 3ie The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, for whom, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will make development more effective and improve people’s lives. 3ie systematic reviews 3ie systematic reviews appraise and synthesise the available high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of social and economic development interventions in low- and middle-income countries. These reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peer- reviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous and innovative review methodologies, such as using theory-based approaches suited to inform policy and programming in the dynamic contexts and challenges of low- and middle-income countries. About this review Slum upgrading strategies and their effects on health and socio-economic outcomes: a systematic review, was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of SR2.3 issued under Systematic Review Window 2. This review is available on the 3ie website. 3ie is publishing this report as received from the authors; it has been formatted to 3ie style. This review has also been published in the Cochrane Collaboration Library and is available here. 3ie is publishing this final version as received.
    [Show full text]
  • Regularización De Asentamientos Informales En América Latina
    Informe sobre Enfoque en Políticas de Suelo • Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Regularización de asentamientos informales en América Latina E d é s i o F E r n a n d E s Regularización de asentamientos informales en América Latina Edésio Fernandes Serie de Informes sobre Enfoque en Políticas de Suelo El Lincoln Institute of Land Policy publica su serie de informes “Policy Focus Report” (Enfoque en Políticas de Suelo) con el objetivo de abordar aquellos temas candentes de política pública que están en relación con el uso del suelo, los mercados del suelo y la tributación sobre la propiedad. Cada uno de estos informes está diseñado con la intención de conectar la teoría con la práctica, combinando resultados de investigación, estudios de casos y contribuciones de académicos de diversas disciplinas, así como profesionales, funcionarios de gobierno locales y ciudadanos de diversas comunidades. Sobre este informe Este informe se propone examinar la preponderancia de asentamientos informales en América Latina y analizar los dos paradigmas fundamentales entre los programas de regularización que se han venido aplicando —con resultados diversos— para mejorar las condiciones de estos asentamientos. El primero, ejemplificado por Perú, se basa en la legalización estricta de la tenencia por medio de la titulación. El segundo, que posee un enfoque mucho más amplio de regularización, es el adoptado por Brasil, el cual combina la titulación legal con la mejora de los servicios públicos, la creación de empleo y las estructuras para el apoyo comunitario. En la elaboración de este informe, el autor adopta un enfoque sociolegal para realizar este análisis en el que se pone de manifiesto que, si bien las prácticas locales varían enormemente, la mayoría de los asentamientos informales en América Latina transgrede el orden legal vigente referido al suelo en cuanto a uso, planeación, registro, edificación y tributación y, por lo tanto, plantea problemas fundamentales de legalidad.
    [Show full text]
  • Campamentos: Factores Socioespaciales Vinculados a Su Persisitencia
    UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA Y URBANISMO ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO MAGÍSTER EN URBANISMO CAMPAMENTOS: FACTORES SOCIOESPACIALES VINCULADOS A SU PERSISITENCIA ACTIVIDAD FORMATIVA EQUIVALENTE PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN URBANISMO ALEJANDRA RIVAS ESPINOSA PROFESOR GUÍA: SR. JORGE LARENAS SALAS SANTIAGO DE CHILE OCTUBRE 2013 ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS Resumen 6 Introducción 7 1. Problematización 11 1.1. ¿Por qué Estudiar los Campamentos en Chile si Hay una Amplia Cobertura 11 de la Política Habitacional? 1.2. La Persistencia de los Campamentos en Chile, Hacia la Formulación de 14 una Pregunta de Investigación 1.3. Objetivos 17 1.4. Justificación o Relevancia del Trabajo 18 2. Metodología 19 2.1. Descripción de Procedimientos 19 2.2. Aspectos Cuantitativos 21 2.3. Área Geográfica, Selección de Campamentos 22 2.4. Aspectos Cualitativos 23 3. Qué se Entiende por Campamento: Definición y Operacionalización del 27 Concepto 4. El Devenir Histórico de los Asentamientos Precarios Irregulares 34 4.1. Callampas, Tomas y Campamentos 34 4.2. Los Programas Específicos de las Últimas Décadas 47 5. Campamentos en Viña del Mar y Valparaíso 55 5.1. Antecedentes de los Campamentos de la Región 55 5.2. Descripción de la Situación de los Campamentos de Viña del Mar y Valparaíso 60 1 5.3. Una Mirada a los Campamentos Villa Esperanza I - Villa Esperanza II y 64 Pampa Ilusión 6. Hacia una Perspectiva Explicativa 73 6.1. Elementos de Contexto para Explicar la Permanencia 73 6.1.1. Globalización y Territorio 73 6.1.2. Desprotección e Inseguridad Social 79 6.1.3. Nueva Pobreza: Vulnerabilidad y Segregación Residencial 84 6.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Strategy for Allotropa Virgata (Candystick), U.S
    CONSERVATION STRATEGY FOR ALLOTROPA VIRGATA (CANDYSTICK), U.S. FOREST SERVICE, NORTHERN AND INTERMOUNTAIN REGIONS by Juanita Lichthardt Conservation Data Center Natural Resource Policy Bureau October, 1995 Idaho Department of Fish and Game 600 South Walnut, P.O. Box 25 Boise, Idaho 83707 Jerry M. Conley, Director Cooperative Challenge Cost-share Project Nez Perce National Forest Idaho Department of Fish and Game Purchase Order No.:95-17-20-001 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to the following Forest Service sensitive plant coordinators and botanists who went out of their way to provide valuable consultation, maps, and data: Leonard Lake, Linda Pietarinen, Jim Anderson, Quinn Carver, Alexia Cochrane, and John Joy. These same people are largely responsible for our current level of knowledge about Allotropa virgata. Special thanks to Janet Johnson and Marilyn Olson who found the time to show me Allotropa sites on the Bitterroot and Payette National Forests, respectively. Steve Shelly, Montana Natural Heritage Program/US Forest Service, initiated this project and provided thoughtful review. I hope that this document provides both the practical guidance and theoretical basis needed for a coordinated effort by management agencies toward conservation of Allotropa virgata. i ABSTRACT This conservation strategy provides recommendations for management of National Forest lands supporting and adjoining populations of Allotropa virgata (candystick), a plant species designated as sensitive in Regions 1 and 4 of the US Forest Service. Allotropa virgata presents a special conservation challenge because it is part of a three-way symbiosis involving conifers and their ectomycorrhizal fungi. First, the current state of our knowledge of the species is summarized, including distribution, habitat, ecology, population biology, monitoring results, past impacts, and perceived threats.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Ethnicity in Santiago De Chile Mapuche Migration and Urban Space
    Urban Ethnicity in Santiago de Chile Mapuche Migration and Urban Space vorgelegt von Walter Alejandro Imilan Ojeda Von der Fakultät VI - Planen Bauen Umwelt der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften Dr.-Ing. genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. -Ing. Johannes Cramer Berichter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Herrle Berichter: Prof. Dr. phil. Jürgen Golte Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 18.12.2008 Berlin 2009 D 83 Acknowledgements This work is the result of a long process that I could not have gone through without the support of many people and institutions. Friends and colleagues in Santiago, Europe and Berlin encouraged me in the beginning and throughout the entire process. A complete account would be endless, but I must specifically thank the Programme Alßan, which provided me with financial means through a scholarship (Alßan Scholarship Nº E04D045096CL). I owe special gratitude to Prof. Dr. Peter Herrle at the Habitat-Unit of Technische Universität Berlin, who believed in my research project and supported me in the last five years. I am really thankful also to my second adviser, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Golte at the Lateinamerika-Institut (LAI) of the Freie Universität Berlin, who enthusiastically accepted to support me and to evaluate my work. I also owe thanks to the protagonists of this work, the people who shared their stories with me. I want especially to thank to Ana Millaleo, Paul Paillafil, Manuel Lincovil, Jano Weichafe, Jeannette Cuiquiño, Angelina Huainopan, María Nahuelhuel, Omar Carrera, Marcela Lincovil, Andrés Millaleo, Soledad Tinao, Eugenio Paillalef, Eusebio Huechuñir, Julio Llancavil, Juan Huenuvil, Rosario Huenuvil, Ambrosio Ranimán, Mauricio Ñanco, the members of Wechekeche ñi Trawün, Lelfünche and CONAPAN.
    [Show full text]
  • Pobreza Y Acceso Al Suelo Urbano. Algunas Interrogantes Sobre Las Políticas De Regularización En América Latina
    75 S E R I medio ambiente y desarrollo Pobreza y acceso al suelo urbano. Algunas interrogantes sobre las políticas de regularización en América Latina Nora Clichevsky División de Desarrollo Sostenible y Asentamientos Humanos Santiago de Chile, diciembre de 2003 Este documento fue preparado por Nora Clichevsky, consultora de la División de Desarrollo Sostenible y Asentamientos Humanos de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en el marco del proyecto “Pobreza urbana. Estrategia orientada a la acción para los gobiernos e instituciones municipales en América Latina y el Caribe”. Las opiniones expresadas en este documento, que no ha sido sometido a revisión editorial, son de exclusiva responsabilidad de la autora y pueden no coincidir con las de la Organización. Publicación de las Naciones Unidas ISSN impreso: 1564-4189 ISSN electrónico: 1680-8886 ISBN: 92-1-322307-2 LC/L.2025-P N° de venta: S.03.II.G.189 Copyright © Naciones Unidas, diciembre de 2003. Todos los derechos reservados Impreso en Naciones Unidas, Santiago de Chile La autorización para reproducir total o parcialmente esta obra debe solicitarse al Secretario de la Junta de Publicaciones, Sede de las Naciones Unidas, Nueva York, N.Y. 10017, Estados Unidos. Los Estados miembros y sus instituciones gubernamentales pueden reproducir esta obra sin autorización previa. Sólo se les solicita que mencionen la fuente e informen a las Naciones Unidas de tal reproducción. CEPAL - SERIE Medio ambiente y desarrollo N° 75 Índice Resumen ........................................................................................5 I. Pobreza e informalidad en el acceso al suelo urbano ....7 1. La situación actual de pobreza en países latinoamericanos .....7 2.
    [Show full text]
  • La Problemática De Los Asentamientos Informales En La Producción Del Espacio Urbano: El Caso De Banda Del Rio Salí, Área Conurbada Del Gran San Miguel De Tucumán
    La problemática de los asentamientos informales en la producción del espacio urbano: el caso de Banda del Rio Salí, área conurbada del Gran San Miguel de Tucumán. (Tucumán- Argentina) Resumen. La informalidad urbana, es una problemática presente en Latinoamérica que se manifiesta de muy diversas maneras. La misma, es resultado de numerosos factores que difieren en cada ciudad y área metropolitana. Entre los mismos, podemos mencionar el empobrecimiento de la población, las lógicas de mercado y la acción del Estado frente a este sector. Los principales tipos de informalidad urbana en América Latina son los siguientes: a) Desde el punto de vista dominial: Ocupación directa de tierra pública o privada: asentamiento, toma; ocupación de lote individual. Dentro de este tipo de informalidad, se constituyen mercados informales. b) Desde el punto de vista de la urbanización: se ocupan tierras sin condiciones urbano ambientales para ser usadas como residenciales: inundables; contaminadas; sin infraestructura; con dificultosa accesibilidad al transporte público, centros de empleo, educación primaria, servicios primarios de salud; densidades extremas (tanto altas, que significan gran hacinamiento de personas y hogares). Este punto expuesto, se asocia directamente con la marginalidad. Argentina a lo largo de la historia manifestó la predominancia de estos asentamientos informales; en un primer momento, con políticas de erradicaciones compulsivas; luego, a partir de la década de 1980 estos asentamientos adquirieron fuerza debido al reconocimiento de derechos de los habitantes sobre el sitio ocupado. En general, en la mayoría de las ciudades del país se detecta este fenómeno de asentamientos informales – sobre todo en las áreas conurbadas – que concentran el mayor déficit habitacional.
    [Show full text]
  • Insectivorous Plants”, He Showed That They Had Adaptations to Capture and Digest Animals
    the Strange, the Ugly, and the Bizarre . carnivores, parasites, and mycotrophs . Plant Oddities - Carnivores, Parasites & Mycotrophs Of all the plants, the most bizarre, the least understood, but yet the most interesting are those plants that have unusual modes of nutrient uptake. Carnivore: Nepenthes Plant Oddities - Carnivores, Parasites & Mycotrophs Of all the plants, the most bizarre, the least understood, but yet the most interesting are those plants that have unusual modes of nutrient uptake. Parasite: Rafflesia Plant Oddities - Carnivores, Parasites & Mycotrophs Of all the plants, the most bizarre, the least understood, but yet the most interesting are those plants that have unusual modes of nutrient uptake. Things to focus on for this topic! 1. What are these three types of plants 2. How do they live - selection 3. Systematic distribution in general 4. Systematic challenges or issues 5. Evolutionary pathways - how did they get to what they are Mycotroph: Monotropa Plant Oddities - The Problems Three factors for systematic confusion and controversy 1. the specialized roles often involve reductions or elaborations in both vegetative and floral features — DNA also is reduced or has extremely high rates of change for example – the parasitic Rafflesia Plant Oddities - The Problems Three factors for systematic confusion and controversy 2. their connections to other plants or fungi, or trapping of animals, make these odd plants prone to horizontal gene transfer for example – the parasitic Mitrastema [work by former UW student Tom Kleist]
    [Show full text]
  • This Is Normal Text
    NUTRIENT RESOURCES AND STOICHIOMETRY AFFECT THE ECOLOGY OF ABOVE- AND BELOWGROUND INVERTEBRATE CONSUMERS by JAYNE LOUISE JONAS B.S., Wayne State College, 1998 M.S., Kansas State University, 2000 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Division of Biology College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2007 Abstract Aboveground and belowground food webs are linked by plants, but their reciprocal influences are seldom studied. Because phosphorus (P) is the primary nutrient associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, and evidence suggests it may be more limiting than nitrogen (N) for some insect herbivores, assessing carbon (C):N:P stoichiometry will enhance my ability to discern trophic interactions. The objective of this research was to investigate functional linkages between aboveground and belowground invertebrate populations and communities and to identify potential mechanisms regulating these interactions using a C:N:P stoichiometric framework. Specifically, I examine (1) long-term grasshopper community responses to three large-scale drivers of grassland ecosystem dynamics, (2) food selection by the mixed-feeding grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus, (3) the mechanisms for nutrient regulation by M. bivittatus, (4) food selection by fungivorous Collembola, and (5) the effects of C:N:P on invertebrate community composition and aboveground-belowground food web linkages. In my analysis of grasshopper community responses to fire, bison grazing, and weather over 25 years, I found that all three drivers affected grasshopper community dynamics, most likely acting indirectly through effects on plant community structure, composition and nutritional quality. In a field study, the diet of M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chinese in Spain
    The Chinese in Spain Gladys Nieto* ABSTRACT During the past 15 years, the Chinese migrant community in Spain has grown significantly. Originally a small and dispersed population, it now ranks fourth among the migrant groups from non-European Union (EU) countries. Its increasing presence in daily urban life is evident everywhere. Even though the Chinese community has a long history of settlement in Spain, the Spanish population still considers the Chinese as a closed and somewhat mysterious community. References to exaggerated stereotypes and prejudices regarding their activities and social organization can often be overheard in daily conversations. However, China, usually considered exotic and remote, has recently assumed greater importance in Spain’s foreign policy. Thus, the Spanish Government has drawn up the Asia-Pacific Framework Plan for 2000- 2002 as part of its international policy considerations, thereby extending its interests to include areas well beyond its traditional foreign policy focus on Latin America. The Government’s objectives are to expand its economic relations with Asia, to enhance trade and tourism with the area, expand the development cooperation with China, the Philippines, and Viet Nam – countries defined as top priorities for the Spanish Government – and to reinforce linguistic and cultural ties with these countries (Bejarano, 2002). In support of the Asia-Pacific Framework Plan, the Casa Asia (House of Asia) was estab- lished in Barcelona in 2002, an institution created to organize academic and artistic activities in order to promote the knowledge of the region among Spaniards, and to foster political, economic, and cultural relations with Asia. The Government intends to pursue two important objectives related to the increasing commitments it is seeking to establish with China, and which are also of relevance to the overseas Chinese as the principal social actors in- volved.
    [Show full text]