Identidade E Diferença: Territórios Culturais Na Contemporaneidade

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Identidade E Diferença: Territórios Culturais Na Contemporaneidade Identidade e diferença: territórios culturais na contemporaneidade ⁘ Organização: Alexandre Faria Julia Almeida Paulo Roberto Tonani do Patrocínio ABRALIC Associação Brasileira de Literatura Comparada Rio de Janeiro 2018 ABRALIC Associação Brasileira de Literatura Comparada Realização: Biênio 2016-2017 Presidente: João Cezar de Castro Rocha Vice-presidente: Maria Elizabeth Chaves de Mello Primeira Secretária: Elena C. Palmero González Segundo Secretário: Alexandre Montaury Primeiro Tesoureiro: Marcus Vinícius Nogueira Soares Segundo Tesoureiro: Johannes Kretschmer Conselho Editorial Série E-books Eduardo Coutinho Berthold Zilly Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht Helena Buescu Leyla Perrone-Moisés Marisa Lajolo Pierre Rivas Organização deste volume: Alexandre Faria Julia Almeida Paulo Roberto Tonani do Patrocínio Coordenação editorial Ana Maria Amorim Frederico Cabala Série E-books ABRALIC, 2018 ISBN: 978-85-86678-11-0 Esta publicação integra a Série E-books ABRALIC, que consiste na organização de textos selecionados por organizadores dos simpósios que aconteceram durante o XV Encontro Nacional e o XV Congresso Internacional desta associação, em 2016 e 2017, respectivamente. A série conta com vinte e duas obras disponibilizadas no site da associação. É permitida a reprodução dos textos e dos dados, desde que citada a fonte. Consulte as demais publicações em: http://www.abralic.org.br SUMÁRIO PREFÁCIO – p. 6 Alexandre Faria; Julia Almeida; Paulo Roberto Tonani do Patrocínio ÁFRICAS – A PESQUISA QUANDO VIAJA – p. 10 Antonia Costa de Thuin TRAVESSIAS LITERÁRIAS, PERCURSOS IDENTITÁRIOS: UMA LEITURA DE DOIS ROMANCES DO ESCRITOR ANGOLANO ARNALDO SANTOS – p. 24 Sheila Ribeiro Jacob APORIAS, UTOPIAS E A LUTA PELA DIGNIDADE: O MIGRANTE NO THE CHILDHOOD OF JESUS DE J. M. COETZEE – p. 38 Maria Paola Guarducci A ARDILEZA DA LITERATURA DE ESCRITORAS NEGRAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS – p. 49 Felipe Fanuel Xavier Rodrigues A RETERRITORIALIZAÇÃO E AS IDENTIDADES NA POESIA DE PAULA TAVARES – p. 68 Ciomara Breder Kremsper MARGEM NÃO SILENCIOSA: O FEMININO TRANSGRESSOR DE CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE – p. 89 Hellyana Rocha e Silva; Olívia Aparecida Silva HERDAMOS A CULTURA DO FRACASSO? TERRITÓRIOS CULTURAIS, REPRESENTAÇÕES NACIONAIS E MIGRANTES EM O LEGADO DA PERDA, DE KIRAN DESAI – p. 111 Thallita Fernandes; Anderson Bastos Martins GEOGRAFIAS ENCARNADAS: EXPERIÊNCIAS DE LUGAR, GÊNERO E RAÇA EM AT THE LISBON PLATE, DE DIONNE BRAND – p. 126 Jânderson Albino Coswosk OS GUARDADORES: IDENTIDADES ASSESSÓRIAS – p. 145 Pedro de Freitas Damasceno da Rocha O DESAJUSTE DO NÃO PERTENCIMENTO: REPRESENTAÇÕES CINEMATOGRÁFICAS ITALIANAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS SOBRE A CONDIÇÃO DO IMIGRANTE – p. 164 Maria Célia Martirani Bernardi Fantin OS NOVOS RUMOS DO HERÓI NACIONALISTA DA MARVEL – p. 188 Gabriel Braga Ferreira de Melo IMAGENS E RITMOS AFRO-BRASILEIROS EM ORSON WELLES E WALDO FRANK – p. 211 Roniere Menezes MARGINALIDADE, SUBALTERNIDADE, TERRITÓRIO E ARQUIVO: ACERCA DOS LUGARES À MARGEM – p. 228 Thiago Carvalhal A INVENÇÃO DA VILLA MISERIA: ESTRATÉGIAS DISCURSIVAS, A POROSIDADE DA NARRATIVA DE CRISTIAN ALARCÓN – p. 254 Desirée Climent LITERATURA CONTEMPORÂNEA E A “TERCEIRA GERAÇÃO”: MODOS DE (RE)LER ELISA LISPECTOR E SAMUEL RAWET – p. 283 Débora Magalhães Cunha Rodrigues CORPOS QUE FALAM – p. 305 Silvana Gili; Jair Zandoná SENTIDOS POSSÍVEIS DA MODERNIDADE E SUAS DIMENSÕES NO ROMANCE QUARENTA DIAS DE MARIA VALÉRIA REZENDE – p. 319 Renata Cristina Sant’Ana A REPRESENTAÇÃO DA FAVELA NA OBRA INFERNO, DE PATRÍCIA MELO – p. 336 André Natã Mello Botton IDENTIDADE E TERRITÓRIO; CIDADE DE DEUS, DE PAULO LINS – p. 366 Paulo Roberto Tonani do Patrocínio A UTOPIA DE ESTRANGEIROS NO MOMENTO – p. 384 Alexandre Faria Identidade e diferença: territórios culturais na contemporaneidade PREFÁCIO Alexandre Faria Júlia Almeida** Paulo Roberto Tonani do Patrocínio*** Os artigos reunidos nesta publicação compartilham de uma mesma inquietude e buscam examinar, à luz de um repertório crítico fundado nos Estudos Culturais e Pós-Coloniais, a complexa relação entre identidade cultural e território na contemporaneidade. Os percursos para alcançar tal objetivo são os mais diversos, mas a multiplicidade de olhares aqui apresentada tem um ponto de partida comum,que compreende que as novas formas de construção de identidades culturais performatizam uma espécie de rasura da definição de identidade cultural ofertada pela modernidade. Se outrora o território era um elemento suficientemente forte para produzir a compreensão de uma noção imaginada de identidade nacional, hoje observam-se diversas tensões, ligadas à velocidade dos deslocamentos humanos, econômicos e simbólicos no mundo globalizado, que nos colocam frente à necessidade de criar novos modelos de investigação que possam examinar as relações entre identidade, diferença e território.Além de se ater a esse sintoma, as vozes críticas aqui reunidas consideram que tal condição contemporânea é herdeira da experiência colonial, da escravidão e da diáspora, assim como de sua cobertura cultural, o eurocentrismo, motor do sistema de representação e hierarquização dos povos e sociedades que fundamenta a modernidade. Essas questões constituem o dispositivo primeiro de problematização do saber-poder em face do qual se modulam as estratégias de atuação da crítica cultural na contemporaneidade. Se o legado dessas cartografias coloniais se expressa na desigualdade da ocupação dos continentes, dos países e das cidades, as tentativas de deslocamento pela migração para os países do norte, e as variadas formas de ocupação das periferias das cidades no mundo, falam-nos diretamente sobre os Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFRJ) ** Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) *** Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) 6 Série E-book | ABRALIC mecanismos da cultura que operam na tensão entre a resistência e a adaptação a um processo modernizador, excludente e autoritário. Com base em uma definição expandida de literatura, que inclui textos literários, cinema, música, fotografia, além das diversas mídias, os trabalhos aqui reunidos objetivam proporcionar um espaço de reflexão acerca de criações culturais que se empenham em pensar e problematizar as formas identitárias e as práticas sociais fundadas em (e fundadoras de) novas concepções territoriais. Cabe nesta breve apresentação também destacar o multifacetado elenco de expressões literárias e culturais que foram acionados nas análises críticas, revelando que a questão alcança as produções literárias contemporâneas, textos produzidos por e/ou sobre sujeitos em condição migrante ou diaspórica – seja em uma dimensão intranacional ou supranacional – e alcança também a compreensão de intervenções na esfera da territorialidade por meios alternativos de produção e circulação editorial e artística. Pensar a relação entre território e identidade nos coloca diante do desafio de visitar conceitos da modernidade e construir um vocabulário que permita dimensionar a atualidade da questão. Dessa forma, além do exercício crítico, os trabalhos aqui reunidos também estão empenhados em uma revisão e ressignificação de conceitos forjados pela modernidade, como identidade, nação, utopia e distopia. Além disso, são olhares que buscam a problematização de estratégias conceituais da contemporaneidade, como diferença, alteridade, heterotopia e multiterritorialidade. Nesse sentido, não deixa de ser um desafio para a organização do volume criar alternativas para modelos de disposição que recorreriam a identificar os objetos de estudo aqui reunidos com suas respectivas expressões nacionais, nacionais comparadas ou com critérios que considerassem a diversidade de gêneros, como a narrativa e a poesia, ou linguagem, o cinema, o romance gráfico etc. Nenhum desses critérios demonstra-se suficiente. Mas vale ressaltar que alguns pontos no procedimento analítico são recorrentes. Um deles diz respeito à caracterização dos personagens. A experiência da desterritorialização, do deslocamento, promove uma mudança de estatuto da personagem de ficção e das estratégias de construção da subjetividade. Esse ponto pode ser notado 7 Identidade e diferença: territórios culturais na contemporaneidade na quase totalidade dos textos aqui reunidos, seja na análise da poesia de Paula Tavares ou no romance de Arnaldo Santos, no espaço de Angola (vide os textos de Ciomara Breder Kremsper e Sheila Ribeiro Jacob); seja nos deslocamentos relacionados a migrações, como no cinema italiano contemporâneo ou no romance da indiana Kiran Desai (como demonstram as leituras de Maria Célia Martirani Bernardi Fantin e de Thallita Fernandes); seja nas alternativas criadas para os atuais super-heróis da Marvel ou na caracterização de marginais brasileiros ou argentinos (como se vê nos estudos de Gabriel Braga Ferreira de Melo, ou nos de André Natã Mello Botton, Paulo Roberto Tonani do Patrocínio ou Desirée Climent). A experiência da (des)(re)construção de personagens e sujeitos é tão intensa, que mesmo a figura do pesquisador não fica de fora. Por isso, os organizadores julgaram oportuno e sintomático abrir o volume com o relato de viagem da pesquisadora Antonia Costa de Thuinpara cidades da Nigéria, Dakar e Joanesburgo, no escopo de seu estágio de doutorado sanduíche. A experiência, pela sua intensidade subjetiva, solicitou à pesquisadora uma mudança de gênero textual, alterando a proposta original submetida que se baseava em uma leitura analítica. Sugere-se, então que o leitor percorra os artigos desse volume, em primeiro lugar, atento a essas caracterizações, pelo discurso, de sujeitos e
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